Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Réseau de la douleur"
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Fernández, Salazar Magali. "La dimension émotionnelle de la douleur chronique : perspectives neurophilosophiques sur la douleur du membre fantôme". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040060.
Texto completo da fonteChronic pain is one of the most complex problems facing medicine and neuroscience. Over the centuries, it has been a puzzle and remains a research challenge given the complexity of its nature. Among the large number of existing different kinds of chronic pain, phantom limb pain is one of the most difficult to treat. Recent studies show that major cortical changes that appear after amputation are the result of chronic phantom limb pain. I argue that the main cause of phantom limb pain is the non-acceptance of the loss of a part of the body, that is to say, that the mental pain caused by the transformation of the self-image becomes a chronic physical pain. It is the mind that controls the cérébral networks : even if it emerges from the brain, the mind manages to modify it as a consequence of external influences. The analysis of the studies I performed to test my hypothesis, allowed me to confirm that the perception of pain depends on various external influences that are independent of the nociceptive signals. I conclude that the cortical plasticity highlighted during chronic painful experience does not only depend on the action and interaction between dynamic neural networks, but also on the communication between these neural networks (endogenous system) and environmental networks (exogenous system). These latter networks are capable of modulating the perception of pain. I therefore emphasize the importance of recognizing the mental nature of chronic pain and the need to analyze the emotional dimensions which modulate it
Le, Franc Yann. "Traitement de l'information sensorielle et nociceptive par le réseau de la corne dorsale de la moelle épinière". Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00548761.
Texto completo da fonteCazzanelli, Silvia. "Functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging of brain functional connectivity alterations in a mouse model of neuropathic pain : impact of nociceptive symptoms and associated comorbidities". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLS010.
Texto completo da fonteNeuropathic pain is an abnormal pain sensation that persists longer than the temporal course of natural healing. It interferes with the patient’s quality of life and leads to several comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression. It has been suggested that chronic pain may result from abnormal and maladaptive neuronal plasticity in the structures known to be involved in pain perception (Bliss et al. 2016). This means that nerve injury would trigger long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission in pain-related areas (Zhuo et al. 2014). Since these regions are also involved in the emotional aspects of pain, our hypothesis is that the aforementioned maladaptive plasticity in these brain areas could constitute a key mechanism for the development of comorbidities such as anxiety and depression.My PhD aimed at testing this working hypothesis, through the study of brain resting state functional connectivity (FC) using functional ultrasound imaging (fUS) in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. FUS is a relatively recent neuroimaging technique that enabled numerous advances in neuroscience, thanks to its high spatio-temporal resolution, its sensitivity, but also its adaptability, allowing studies in anesthetized or awake animals.In a first study, I developed an experimental protocol allowing the brains of awake mice to be imaged in a reproducible manner and with minimal stress and movement artifacts and was also involved in the development of a new algorithm for the analysis of the signals generated by these acquisitions. As this first approach was carried out with a moving linear probe which does not allow the entire brain to be visualized, in a second study, I participated in the development of a new compiled and motorized probe technology.Building on these technological developments, I then used these new approaches to test my neurobiological hypothesis. I undertook two parallel studies in animals anesthetized for one and awake for the second, in which we studied the temporal link between alterations in cerebral FC and the development of neuropathic pain and/or associated comorbidities. To do this, we measured the resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in anesthetized and in awake head-fixed mice, at three time points: I) 2 weeks after induction of neuropathic pain (cuff around the sciatic nerve), II) at 8 weeks post-induction during the emergence of anxiety (8W) and III) at 12 weeks post-induction during the emergence of depression. This longitudinal follow-up has been conducted concurrently on a control group.Our results show significant changes in FC in major pain-related brain regions in accordance with the development of neuropathic pain symptoms. These findings suggest that the pain network undergoes maladaptive plasticity following nerve injury which could contribute to pain chronification. Moreover, the time course of these connectivity alterations between regions of the pain network could be correlated with the subsequent apparition of associated comorbidities
Roca-Lapirot, Olivier. "Etude des réseaux neuronaux impliqués dans les contrôles descendants inhibiteurs de la douleur". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF1DD02.
Texto completo da fonteDiffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) are very powerful long-lasting descending inhibitory controls which are pivotal in modulating activity of spinal and trigeminal nociceptive neurons. The principal feature of DNIC is that they are subserved by a loop that involves supraspinal structures. In our study, DNIC were measured as in the anesthetized rat by the inhibition of nociceptive activity of trigeminal neurons induced by heterotopic noxious stimulation, as in the awake rat by the decreaseof rubbing response to facial formalin during heteropic noxious stimulation induced by hindpaw formalin injection. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of one of the main nociceptive ascending pathway. NK1- spino-parabrachial, in DNIC. Then, due to relationship between cardiovascular regulation and pain sensitivity, we wanted to know whether DNIC level is dependant on the arterial blood pressure (ABP level. Finally, given that descending inhibitory controls of pain are sustained at least in part by the early-studied serotonergic and noradrenergic system we wanted to study the involvement of the dopaminergic system, in (i) the control of trigeminal nociception, and (ii) the descending pathway of DNIC. All these hypotheses were tested by mean of behavioral; electrophysiological and anatomical (immunocytochemical) approaches. Our results first demonstrated that the activation of NK1-expressing dorsal horn neurones and lateral parabrachial area (LPB) neurones partly sustained the development of DNIC, suggesting that the LPB was specifically involved in the ascending pathway of DNIC. Secondly, we showed that tonic decrease of arterial blood pressure induced by a NO deliver, sodium nitroprusside, led to a significant decrease of DNIC. Thirdly, we showed that the dopaminergic modulation of trigeminal niciception was D2 receptor-dependant, and superficial laminae-specific. We showed that spinal trigeminal nucleus received direct projections from the hypothalamic, A11 dopaminergic nucleus, and that its inhibition induced a potentiation of the C-fiber-evoked trigeminal synaptic field. Finally, we showed that the descending pathway of DNIC was dependant on the A11 nucleus D2 receptors activation. To onclude, this study suggest that (i) ascending pathway of DNIC involves NK1-expressing dorsal horn and LBP neurones activation, (ii) DNIC development depends on cardiovascular signals integration, and (iii) A11 to trigeminal nucleus dopaminergique projections are involved in both control of trigeminal nociception and descending pathway of DNIC
Maiga, Youssoufa Mamoudou. "Représentation socio-culturelle de la douleur au Mali : étude des réseaux de prise charge et développement d'un modèle type de centre de la douleur adapté aux réalités locales". Thesis, Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NANT1005.
Texto completo da fonteSub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is facing complex health problems involving a broad range of sociopolitical, economic, systemic, and cultural factors. In this context, the specificities and the difficulties of treating pain in sub-Saharan Africa are multiple (systemic and sociocultural). Furthermore, at the anthropological and medical levels, the clinical models and the explanatory models of pain are not identical to those of Western societies. The systems of representation of disease in certain African communities assert that pathological “states” are not only due to natural causes but that they can also be triggered by occult forces. Treatment of disease then becomes bidirectional by, firstly addressing the physical disorder with plants, and then by reestablishing the balance of life forces by prayers and rites. In light of the burden of pain at the individual and the community level, with this approach, there is a need to consider a range of care to treat pain tailored to the local realities. Whence our research topic, namely, what are the systems of representation and traditional practices for treating pain in Mali? What might the impacts be on the implementation of a center to monitor pain in Mali? The objective of this work was to study the Malian systems of representation and the sociocultural determinants of pain, so as to, on the one hand, contextualize the clinical models and, on the other hand, to devise a customized model of a pain center. The ultimate aim of this work was to make effective care, tailored to the sociocultural realities, available to the community (neurologists, politicians, researchers, patients, and traditional therapists) in order to reduce the burden of neurological pathologies in SSA. In this work, we have confirmed the prevalence of pain, and particularly neuropathic pain, in our practice. This work has also allowed us to appreciate the key role of traditional medicine in the provision of care. We call on researchers and policy decision-makers to find new strategies aimed at improvement of the treatment of pain by the implementation of novel programs geared toward promoting collaboration between traditional medicine and conventional medicine
Noseda, Ronco Rodrigo. "Architecture fonctionnelle des réseaux neuronaux impliqués dans la nociception méningée : approche expérimentale chez le rat". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1DD02.
Texto completo da fonteMigraine remains a public health problem of great impact on both the patients life and society. The neurobiological mechanisms at the origin of migraine pain are largely unknown. Clinical and pre-clinical studies have shown the participation of cerebrovascular mechanisms during a migraine attack. In the central nervous system, trigemino-vascular neurons located in the upper cervical and in the medullary dorsal horns (Sp5C), convery meningeal nociceptive information to the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to analyze the organization of CNS networks involved in the processing of meningeal nociception in the rat. First, we have shown the existence of a widespread neuronal network of afferents from trigemino-vascular neurons of Sp5C. This network is the central substrate involved in the processing of inpus that elicit headache pain perception and concomitant reactions. Intratrigeminal connections were observed in the contralateral Sp5C and in the ipsilateral trigeminal nuclei oralis and principalis. Sp5C neurons projected to several brainstem regions, including the commissural subnucleus of the solitary tract, superior salivatory nucleus, lateral periaqueductal gray matter, inferior colliculus and parabrachial nuclei. Trigeminothalamic afferents were restricted to the posterior group and ventroposteromedial thalamic nuclei. Some of these brainstemregions are topographically intermingled with CGRP and serotonin (5HT1d) receptor labeled afferents. The hypothalamus seems to play an important role in trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. These headaches are characterized by an extremely severe unilateral pain associated with ocular and facial autonomic symptoms. Nevertheless, the neuronal networks and mechanisms underlying such kind of headaches are not well elucidated. We investigated the hypothalamic networks that modulate directly trigeminovascular neurons. The dorsomedial capsular, ventral and posterior subnuclei of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus project densely and precisely to laminas I and outer II of the Sp5C. These projections are topographically intermingled with CGRP and 5HT1D receptor labeled primary afferents. These hypothalamic regions project to other CNS regions involved in descending modulation of meningeal nociception and autonomic outflow. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD) plays a key role in the triggering of migraine and in the sensitization of meningeal nociceptors. However, the circuitry and the mechanisms underlying such phenomena are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between cortical excitability and meningeal nociception by studying the organization of cortical projections to the Sp5C, their relationship with 5HT1D or CGRP and the effects of corticofugal modulation on Sp5C neurons. Cortical neurons projecting to the Sp5C were confined to the contralateral layer V of the primary somatosensory (S1) and posterior insular (INS) cortices. Corticofugal projections from S1 terminate deeper, in laminas III-V, whereas those from INS terminate precisely in the superficial layers. Corticotrigeminal axons from INS are intermingled with both 5HT1D and CGRP afferents within laminas I and outer II. CSD elicited within S1 inhibited both tactile- and Aδ/C fibers meningeal-evoked activities of Sp5C neurons. In contrast, only facilitation of meningeal-evoked responses occurred following CSD within INS. Our study suggest that CSD is able to specifically interact with endogenous corticofugal mechanisms at the origin of migraine. In conclusion, our work illustrates the relevance of anatomo-functional approaches with the aim to elucidate the functional architecture of CNS nociceptive networks involved the triggering and the modulation of primary headaches
Morabit, Safaa El. "New Artificial Intelligence techniques for Computer vision based medical diagnosis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPHF0013.
Texto completo da fonteThe ability to feel pain is crucial for life, since it serves as an early warning system forpotential harm to the body. The majority of pain evaluations rely on patient reports. Patients who are unable to express their own pain must instead rely on third-party reportsof their suffering. Due to potential observer bias, pain reports may contain inaccuracies. In addition, it would be impossible for people to keep watch around the clock. Inorder to better manage pain, especially in noncommunicative patients, automatic paindetection technologies might be implemented to aid human caregivers and complementtheir service. Facial expressions are used by all observer-based pain assessment systemsbecause they are a reliable indicator of pain and can be interpreted from a distance.Taking into consideration that pain generally generates spontaneous facial behavior,these facial expressions could be used to detect the presence of pain. In this thesis, weanalyze facial expressions of pain in order to address pain estimation. First, we presenta thorough analysis of the problem by comparing numerous common CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) architectures, such as MobileNet, GoogleNet, ResNeXt-50, ResNet18, and DenseNet-161. We employ these networks in two unique modes: standalone and feature extraction. In standalone mode, models (i.e., networks) are utilized to directly estimate pain. In feature extractor mode, "values" from the middle layer are extracted and fed into classifiers like Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR).CNNs have achieved significant results in image classification and have achievedgreat success. The effectiveness of Transformers in computer vision has been demonstrated through recent studies. Transformer-based architectures were proposed in the second section of this thesis. Two distinct Transformer-based frameworks were presented to address two distinct pain issues: pain detection (pain vs no pain) and thedistinction between genuine and posed pain. The innovative architecture for binaryidentification of facial pain is based on data-efficient image transformers (Deit). Twodatasets, UNBC-McMaster shoulder pain and BioVid heat pain, were used to fine-tuneand assess the trained model. The suggested architecture is built on Vision Transformers for the detection of genuine and simulated pain from facial expressions (ViT). Todistinguish between Genuine and Posed Pain, the model must pay particular attentionto the subtle changes in facial expressions over time. The employed approach takes intoaccount the sequential aspect and captures the variations in facial expressions. Experiments on the publicly accessible BioVid Heat Pain Database demonstrate the efficacy of our strategy
Czekala, Claire. "Percevoir la douleur sur le visage d'autrui : du traitement subliminal à la mise en jeu des réseaux neuronaux sous-jacents". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10322/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this work is to study painful facial expression processing through psychophysical and neurophysiological approaches. Contrary to the basic emotions, pain is both a sensory and an emotional experience and these two aspects are encoded in the facial expression of pain. In that sense, painful facial expressions are richer and more complex than the facial expression of others emotions. In a first phase, we showed that painful facial expressions trigger more empathy than other emotional facial expressions in healthy subjects. Moreover, a 100ms-masked presentation of faces is enough to subliminally detect pain but not gender. In a second phase, we studied pre-conscious processing of painful facial expressions in patients suffering from refractory epilepsy having intracranial electrodes implanted in the insular cortex and amygdala for stereotaxic exploration of epilepsy. To this purpose, we diverted the patients' attention from the emotional aspects of the faces by asking them to focus on the gender and we recorded evoked potentials to pain and other emotional faces. Results showed an early activation in the anterior part of the insula (onset latency around 131ms, peak latency 180ms post stimulus) followed by an amygdala response (onset latency around 273ms, peak latency 363ms post stimulus). Response to pain faces is larger than that to other emotional faces in anterior insula but anterior-insula and amygdala activations are not pain specific. Posterior part of the insula also responds to painful faces but the amplitude of the evoked potentials do not differ from that of potentials evoked by neutral faces. In this way, even if the pain face contains a great amount of information, the human- being is able to rapidly detect it and to be empathic enough to provide the help needed for others in pain. This ability would be possible through anterior insula activation, thought to be a relay between nociception and emotional reaction to pain
Guerreiro, covita João. "Role of relaxin-3/RXFP3 forebrain networks in the descending control of pain in the mouse". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0121.
Texto completo da fontePain is a complex biological phenomenon that is beneficial and necessary for our survival, warning of changes and hazards in the environment that compromise optimal function. However, continuous activation of pain signalling systems results in maladaptive changes characterized by altered tissue and organ structure and activity. Pain lasting more than 3 months is termed chronic pain and it is under these conditions that it becomes a major burden for affected individuals. Chronic pain is also accompanied by serious social and economic burdens, making research in this field a high priority globally.The central nervous system (CNS) acts as a major control centre for nociceptive signal transmission, decoding pain for its sensory-discriminative and aversive components, i.e., deciphering the type of pain (pinch, burn, etc.), its location in the body, and its associated hedonic value, respectively. Once the information is decrypted, neural signals from the brain to the periphery act in accordance with the provided stimulus based on past and current experiences.The nociceptive signal is modulated at every step of this process by an abundance of neurochemical signals, including neuropeptides. The presence of neuropeptides and/or their receptors in areas linked to nociceptive processing and transmission suggests putative roles for these systems in the control of nociception.Relaxin-3 is a neuropeptide that is mainly synthesized in a hindbrain region known as the nucleus incertus (NI). Since its discovery, relaxin-3 has been linked to the control of a wide range of behaviours such as anxiety-like behaviours, arousal, and reward-seeking, through activation of the Gi/o-protein-coupled receptor, RXFP3. These putative roles of relaxin-3/RXFP3 signalling suggest a possible link between RXFP3 activation and modulation of pain sensitivity.Therefore, my initial studies assessed the effect of RXFP3 activation and inhibition on mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity in normal and persistent pain conditions. These studies demonstrated that central administration of the RXFP3 agonist peptide, RXFP3-A2, via intracerebroventricular (icv) injection, produced relief of mechanical, but not thermal, pain sensation. Moreover, icv injection of the RXFP3 antagonist peptide, R3(B1-22)R, augmented mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity. These data suggest that relaxin-3/RXFP3 signalling has a tonic action in maintaining mechanical and thermal pain thresholds, and the potential for activation of RXFP3 to produce pain relief.Additionally, I examined the possible involvement of different brain areas in these effects, by assessing the number of c-Fos-positive cell nuclei under different conditions. However, these studies revealed no difference in the number of c-Fos-positive cell nuclei or staining intensity in the vehicle- and RXFP3 agonist-treated mice.Further characterization of pain circuit-related brain areas using multiplex in situ hybridization revealed that RXFP3 mRNA is expressed within discrete populations of neurons in these areas. I also evaluated possible co-expression of RXFP3 mRNA with somatostatin and parvalbumin mRNA, and determined the relative proportion of RXFP3 mRNA expression in populations of neurons that express these transcripts.Finally, I examined the possible presence of comorbid anxiety in mice subjected to the persistent pain protocol. However, anxiety-like behaviour was not altered in mice with persistent hindpaw pain, suggesting this model does not display produce anxiety, and that effects of RXFP3 modulation observed specifically targeted nociceptive transmission.Overall, my findings implicate the relaxin-3/RXFP3 system in control of pain transmission, providing new opportunities for the development of therapeutic tools for pain management, by targeting a neuropeptide system that impacts several behaviours that are altered in chronic pain conditions
Karatas, Meltem. "Analyse longitudinale des réseaux cérébraux par Imagerie de Résonance Magnétique (IRM) dans un modèle murin de dépression induite par la douleur neuropathique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ045.
Texto completo da fonteChronic pain conditions frequently lead to anxiety and depressive disorders. Despite considerable clinical research, the mechanisms underlying this comorbidity remain elusive. We conducted a non-invasive brain imaging study to investigate changes in structural and functional connectivity in a mouse model of neuropathic pain-induced depression. We employed two methods of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate functional communication pathways (using resting state functional MRI-rs-fMRI) as well as their microstructural substrates (diffusion MRI) in longitudinal manner. Brain networks demonstrate remarkable structural and functional modifications following the induction of neuropathic pain and the emergence of depressive phenotype. Combining a relevant preclinical model and in vivo brain MRI, we identified a brain connectivity signature of pain-induced depression and its evolution over time, involving alterations in reward circuits, with a major impact of the two centers: ACA and VTA. The main results of functional imaging reveal considerable changes in the networks encompassing the reward circuit and DMN, which are known to be involved in both chronic pain pathologies and major depression. The long-term perspective of this project is to investigate the causal relationship between pain and depression, reaching a mechanistic explanation for the comorbidity
Kambrun, Charline. "Contrôle des réseaux spinaux de la lamina II de la moelle épinière par les fibres C-LTMRs : approches optogénétique et pharmacologique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0869/document.
Texto completo da fontePain elaboration results from the integration within dorsal spinal cord of sensory and nociceptive information conveyed by primary afferents. Among these, C low-threshold Mechano Receptors (C-LTMR), expressing the chemokine TAFA4, were identified as modulators of pain. However, mechanisms underlying the control of sensori-nociceptive integration by TAFA4 remains poorly understood. Using in vitro patch clamp recording on spinal cord slices of naïve mice we show that, bath application of TAFA4 induces a decrease in frequency of spontaneous excitatory post synaptic currents (EPSCs). This effect is mirrored by an increase in frequency of spontaneous inhibitory synaptic events (IPSCs). This modulation of synaptic activity is preserved with TTX, indicating that TAFA4 alters synaptic transmission through presynaptic mechanisms. By recruiting high threshold nociceptive fibers, we demonstrate that TAFA4 induces an increase in the paired pulse ratio of evoked synaptic responses in interneurons, and thus, reinforces presynaptic inhibition of nociceptive fibers. We also demonstrate that the effects of TAFA4 on spontaneous and evoked excitatory transmission are blocked by antagonists of GABA receptors, indicating that -C-LTMRs mainly interact with GABAergic neurons. Moreover, Electron Microscopy provides evidence of direct synaptic contacts between C-LTMRs and GABAergic terminals in lamina IIi. To further characterize the effects of TAFA4 on pain transmission, we inflamed mice using Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA). In CFA mice, the effect of TAFA4 on EPSC and IPSC frequency is preserved. We find that in CFA mice, TAFA4 decreases the neuronal discharge recorded in vivo following a nociceptive mechanical stimulation in inflamed hindpaw. This effect is blocked by an injection of GABA receptors antagonists. By performing Von Frey test on inflamed mice, we show that intrathecal injection of TAFA4 provides anti-allodynic effects blocked by GABA receptors antagonists. We propose that C-LTMR directly contact GABAergic interneurons in dorsal horn, and, through the liberation of TAFA4 reinforce inhibitory synaptic activity which may in turn promote their anti-nociceptive activity. Furthermore, TAFA4 promotes microglial retraction in CFA inflamed animals, together with an increase in the number of inhibitory synapses on lamina IIi somata. Altogether, these results identify GABAergic interneurons as the first integration relay for C-LTMRs and highlight a novel interplay between sensory neurons, microglial cells and spinal interneurons leading to a fine tuning of inhibitory activity and nociceptive transmission in pathological conditions
Del, Grosso Veronica. "Cortical microvessels and the tripartite synapse in chronic pain studied with synchrotron radiation". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS034/document.
Texto completo da fonteChronic pain (CP) is a complex sensory disorder characterized by structural changes, i.e. severe anatomical rearrangements of somatosensory cortex, and functional changes, i.e. anomalies in network functional connectivity and in information transmission at the level of thalamo-cortical circuit. From the structural point of view, within each cortical module, a morpho-functional unit can be recognized, also called neuro-glial-vascular unit, where the glial cells represent the bridging structures allowing for the transfer of metabolites and oxygen to neurons. Namely, the functional dependency between neuronal and vascular elements, largely explored by 3D confocal microscopy and two photon microscopy, has expanded the concept of synaptic space to a more complex form, indicated as “tripartite synapse”, where besides the presence of the pre- and post- synaptic neurons, a glial component is added facing on the microvascular context. Due to this dependency it appears, thus, correct to analyse the cortical microscopical effects of the macroscopical picture. Novel studies by our group have recently investigated CP origin and evolution in experimental CP rat models (Seltzer) through microstructural and functional analyses focused both on the cortical neuronal substrate and the blood micromorphological and vasculodynamic properties. The 3D microarchitecture of cortical vascular network has been revealed by means of synchrotron X-ray micro Computed Tomography (CT) at the ID17 and ID16A beamlines (ESRF, Grenoble) and the TOMCAT beamline (SLS, Villigen). A subsequent morphometric analysis of the 3D vascular network has been implemented by means of skeletonization and spatial graph transformation. Then, a comparative study “Neuropathic vs Control”, based on the estimated vascular network properties (number of vessels, branch points, skeleton segments and vessel diameter), showed evident changes in cortical microvascular compartments: a widespread increase of blood microvessels and capillaries in the investigated regions (the somatosensory [SSI] cortical area) has been found in all CP rats. In parallel, a reduced mean value of vessel diameter in all CP rats prove that capillaries and small microvessels are predominantly interested by these angiogenetic events. By investigating the time evolution of the neogenesis, it appears strongly present since the first stage of the neuropathy (2 weeks), fading away, but still present, during the last time stage considered (6 months). In addition, an increased maximum blood flow, sustained by the vascular network, has been found in CP condition, indicating that CP vascular networks are compatible with an enriched blood flow sustained by the promoted novel angiogenesis. These results from micro- and nano-tomography have been further confirmed also by immunofluorescence microscopy analysis: CP samples have shown the positivity to three markers of vascular neo-genesis (VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VWF). In parallel, to functionally analyse the genesis and the evolution of the thalamo-cortical circuits in CP conditions, the neural activity has been recorded by means of 32-microelectrode matrices implanted in the brain, simultaneously receiving signals from the VPL thalamic nucleus and the SS1 cortex. All the CP groups show connectivity disorders exhibited also by the evolution of the network topology from “Modules and Hubs” to a “random” network organisation where the intra-community and inter-community functional connections decrease. These results clearly confirm how the neuronal dynamics is strictly linked to the vascular activity: the cortical microvessel neo-genetic events in CP are strongly correlated to the functional anomalies in neuronal network dynamic. The microvascular involvement in CP opens a new way of interpretation of CP disease, not only recognized as sensory pathology, but also as a neurological disease where neuronal and vascular connectivity networks are extensively involved in the whole system
Aby, Franck. "Les neurones sérotoninergiques du noyau raphé Magnus dans le contrôle de la transmission nociceptive dans la corne dorsale de la moelle épinière : une étude optogénétique dans différents contextes pathophysiologiques". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0354.
Texto completo da fontePain is an unpleasant sensation and emotional experience elicited by potentially harmful stimulations to protect the integrity of the body. An endogenous mechanism involving the PAG-RVM modulatory system control pain sensation by filtering nociceptive inputs. A balance between both excitatory and inhibitory influences control nociceptive transmission and impairment in this balance leads to the development of pathological pain. In the present study, we used an optogenetic approach to specifically target serotoninergic neurons (5-HT) that projected to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We showed that these neurons exerted a tonic analgesic action through a decreased excitability of projection neurons of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. This effect is gender independent. We also observed that 5-HT neurons are indirectly connected to projection neurons through local inhibitory interneurons. Then, we showed that 5-HT neurons of the RMg received descending inputs from the SST neurons of the ventro-lateral part of the periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) that exerted downward facilitation on pain transmission. Interestingly, we show that 5-HT inhibitory action is switched to an excitatory influence in a model of peripheral neuropathy due to a spinal chloride equilibrium shift. These results suggest that the same descending pathway can be both excitatory and inhibitory upon pathological conditions, providing crucial insights about long-term changes associated with chronic pain
Fauchon, Camille. "Effet du comportement empathique des expérimentateurs sur la perception douloureuse : Approche des mécanismes neuronaux avec l’imagerie fonctionnelle cérébrale (IRMf)". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES058/document.
Texto completo da fonteOther’s empathetic behavior can have a positive effect on pain perception. In medical setting it is a known strategy from caregivers to support and interact with their patients. Conversely, unempathy, having a negative attitude towards the suffering person is outlawed out of fear of induce deleterious effects. How do empathy and unempathy from others influence pain perception? Investigating this issue is the aim of this thesis. First, we built and approved an experiment delivering different types of empathetic feedbacks to subjects who received nociceptive stimulations. The empathetic comments significantly alleviated subjects’ pain ratings (-12 %). The unempathetic comments did not influence the subjects’ pain ratings in comparison with neutral situation. However, they influenced autonomic response related to pain. Neuro-imaging studies shown that the pain intensity modulation related to empathetic feedbacks involved interactions between the core structures of the default network (vmPFC and PCC/Prec), the DLPFC and the posterior insula. Functional activations revealed that only the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus activity was able to integrate the empathetic feedbacks’ content. Changing its functional connectivity, this structure would engage control mechanisms (vmPFC) able to interact with the posterior and anterior insula to reduce pain perception. The study of such modulation system at the level of the pain functional network provided consistent results
Doduy, Marie. "Douleur et morphine". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P142.
Texto completo da fonteHenrion, Anne Seidl Eric. "Evolution et évaluation de la prise en charge de la douleur au centre hospitalier de Lunéville mise en place du Comité de Lutte contre la Douleur /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2005_HENRION_ANNE.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAubert, Annie. "L'élaboration du concept de douleur chez Freud : la douleur de penser". Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070135.
Texto completo da fonteOn the basis of a reasored freudian inventory of inheritance, it would seem that freud's work, between 1884 and 1926 provides and original concept of pain which enables to understand the solidarity of its psychic and somatic dimensions and therefore of going beyond the epistemological problems encountered in others fields. Already implicated in both the scientific and clinical failure of the study of cocain, pain invades the first psychanalitical works. The first elaborations by their lack of coherence lend tehmselves to a theoretical repression. The treatment of this subject goes back to the introduction of narcissism and orients towards the conception of the corporeal ego before it finds its most complete theoretical formulation with its role in the theorisation of trauma and doth instinct. At the end of this reflexion the idea reaches metapsychological concept status. Although the subject of a synthesis tentative in 1926, it remains a source of conceptual difficulties
Bezandry, Eric Bourde Arnaud. "Prise en charge de la douleur en préhospitalier expérience avec le SAMU 974 à Saint Denis de la Réunion /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2003_BEZANDRY_ERIC.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLévesque, Mylène. "Perception de la douleur dans la schizophrénie : mécanismes excitateurs de la douleur". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6339.
Texto completo da fonteKrammer, Stéphanie. "La douleur et topalgic". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P216.
Texto completo da fonteGoussies, Nadège. "La douleur en odontologie". Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR20087.
Texto completo da fonteDubé, Joëlle. "Effet de la douleur et de l'anticipation de la douleur sur l'excitabilité corticospinale". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28058/28058.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteDubé, Joëlle A. "Effet de la douleur et de l'anticipation de la douleur sur l'excitabilité corticospinale". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22632.
Texto completo da fonteMarin, Clarisse Kenzi Amal. "Prise en charge de la douleur aigue en 2004 au service d'accueil et d'urgence du CHU de Nantes enquête prospective un jour donné /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/MEDmarin.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLamouille, Vincent Paille François. "Histoire de la prise en charge de la douleur dans son contexte de savoir et de pensée médicale et sociale". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2001_LAMOUILLE_VINCENT.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteOnen, Saban Hakki. "Sommeil et douleur : interactions pharmacocliniques". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF1PP02.
Texto completo da fonteFOUDA-OMGBA, FRANCOIS-JOSEPH. "Beta-endorphines et douleur angineuse". Amiens, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AMIEM064.
Texto completo da fonteJoussellin, Charles. "Se plaindre de la douleur". Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0019.
Texto completo da fonteWe analyze what pain feels like to humans. Radically subjective human experience, pain cannot be objectified. In order to apprehend it we prefer hetero-assessment rather than quantitative self-assessment of pain. What painful man shows from himself through the mediation of his body and especially what he says about his experience: the story-telling. This is what explains the importance of being more attentive to the painful man, to whom pain is a thought and suffering.The man who complains about pain expresses to others his bad feelings in which the meaning he attributes to the experience has a great importance. In pain, his presence in the world is altered. Complaining about pain represents a request in the heart of intersubjectivity where many subjective phenomena are exchanged, intersected and influenced. The form of the complaint will depend on many factors, including challenges and circumstances. To soothe, the painful man, especially for the patients with a chronic pain, must receive a first recognition, reciprocal and mutual, and a search for meaning.The mutual commitment sought by complaining of pain represents a tensed intersubjective meeting which takes place between a feared indifference and a hoped recognition, with the risk of experiencing resentment: a bold path to a field of possibilities. A testing of the humanization of the other while trades will pass through producing dehumanization or re-humanizing
Kotobi, Henri K. "Qu'est-ce que la douleur ? /". Paris : l'Harmattan, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41470745n.
Texto completo da fonteSTOCLET, MARINE. "Le tramadol dans la douleur". Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15048.
Texto completo da fonteMazzuca, Michel. "Canaux ioniques, douleur et analgésie". Nice, 2007. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00320033.
Texto completo da fontePsalmotoxin 1, a peptide extracted form the South American tarentula Psalmopoeus cambridgei, has very potent analgesic properties against thermal, mechanical, chemical, inflammatory and neuropathic pain in rodents. It exerts its action by blocking acid-sensing ion channel 1a, and this blockade results in an activation of the endogenous enkephalin pathway. The analgesic properties of the peptide are suppressed by antagonists of the 1 and d-opioid receptors and are lost in Penk1 mice. Furthermore, pcTx1 induced analgesia do not induce locomotor impairement on mice as morphine do
Dias, Paul Luis Fignon Laurent. "Evaluation de la douleur chronique en médecine générale enquête réalisée auprès des médecins des bassins de Longwy, Briey et Hayange /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2006_DIAS_PAUL_LUIS.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLionet, Bertrand. "Douleur et mobilité psychique : aspects psychologiques de la remise en mouvement chez les personnes atteintes de douleur chronique : étude qualitative du vécu de 14 personnes souffrant de douleur chronique en attente de consultation douleur". Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080109.
Texto completo da fonteIn this study we interest to psychological mobility. We consider psychic mobility as a movement of the subject defined as his ability to move in his representations, his investments and his relationship to pain. Our research method base on an observational study of fourteen patients with chronic pain. Each patient benefits from two research interviews conducted two months apart before the pain team takes charge of the treatment. Maintenance data are used using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, 2009). The object relation quality is assessed through the Social Cognition Object Relation Scale (Westen, 1985). The pain experience is rated with ENS and EVA. Results show that the deleterious impact of chronic pain dominates the expression of spontaneous experience. Psychic mobility is still present in most of respondents. Two ways of changing are observed. Both involve a demand for care and active investment in care. First one, called "identity" way, uses the patient's ability to represent their future and integrate their identity as a chronic pain patient. Second one, called "uncertainty" way, no longer seeks to control the pain to cope with the uncertainty and anxiety it provides. A good quality object relation structuration is associated with a best psychic mobility, but that is not enough. Indeed, poor psychological mobility is linked with worsening experience of painful peaks evaluated with EVA.Considering psychological mobility is a relevant dimension for psychologists working in pain teams. It can be integrated into their evaluation and constitute an interesting lever in psychotherapy context
Besson, Marie. "Genre et douleur : influence du cycle menstruel sur le seuil expérimental d'apparition de la douleur /". Genève : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2004/BessonM/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteZUSSY, DORIAN. "Evaluation de la douleur sous chimiotherapie : seuil de perception de la douleur et beta-endorphine". Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA3018.
Texto completo da fonteRibau, Claire. "Phénoménologie de la douleur persistante (PHEDOU) : Production par le malade d'un discours d'inspiration phénoménologique sur son vécu douloureux et sur sa maladie - Etude de l'effet de ce discours sur l'état douloureux et caractérisation de ce vécu". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D025.
Texto completo da fonteThis study was designed in order to test some hypotheses derived from phenomenological works on pain and suffering. It includes 137 patients who participated in two interviews on their daily conscious life with pain. In a first part, we analysed the acceptability of the first interview and its effects on pain in 63 patients with cancer, compared to 8 other patients who did not have such an interview. This was particularly welcome, but had no beneficial effect on pain. The second part described the daily conscious life with pain of 74 patients with cancer and of 40 patients with chronic lumbosciatica. Using the proper terms of the patients, we were able to construct two different discourses, we qualified overcome and adapted respectively. These discourses, which are independant of sex and area of inclusion, could be proposed to new patients with pain to identify quickly the group they belong
Tannoury, Minerva. "Facteurs météorologiques et maladies rhumatismales : une enquête dijonnaise". Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOMU03.
Texto completo da fontePhilippe, Ronan Kuczer Vincent. "Prise en charge des douleurs abdominales au service d'accueil et d'urgence du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=23306.
Texto completo da fonteNores, Jean-Marc. "La douleur et la condition humaine". Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100200.
Texto completo da fonteThe author studies the problem raised by physical pain and its possible purpose. Only one book, written by a philosopher (Buytendijk), deals directly with the subject of pain. It is, however, a constant feature in the human condition without which the problem of harm would pale almost into insignificance. The author first sets out to define pain in relation to allied physiological and psychological phenomena, then goes on to outline the extent of medical knowledge of pain. This is followed by evidence and comments with a view to defining the way in which pain is experienced by man. The opinions of several leading thinkers of the problem raised by physical pain and its possible purpose are given. The field of animal biology and psychology is broached in an effort to complete the medical information. The issue of the purpose of pain is then looked into. The personal conclusion reached attempts to portray pain as the common denominator between such apparently diverse elements as life, progress, nostalgia, memory, disorder and the unexpected. The author stresses that pain is a sign of a degeneration or a breaking up of the human constitution. And, by virtue of the same, pain can herald a real catastrophe-death. Pain is the keynote of man's finiteness
Roux, Laurence. "La douleur physique et sa souffrance". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H063.
Texto completo da fonteBonnet, Adeline. "Douleur chronique : activité électrodermale et interoception". Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30015.
Texto completo da fonteThe initial part of this work highlights specificities in the electrodermal activity (EDA), index of the sympathetic nervous system activity, in chronic pain patients. In a first experiment, the EDA recordings are performed at rest and during a series of pure innocuous tones. Non-depressed chronic pain patients present an increased EDA as compared to healthy participants. Regarding the frequency of spontaneous fluctuations (FSs), patients can be described as labile individuals. Depressed chronic pain patients do not demonstrate this effect. A second experiment shows that FSs emission is related to intense thoughts. However, if the occurence of the phenomenon is increased in patients, the underlying process is not fundamentally different in controls. A third experiment indicates that pain descriptors elicit larger electrodermal responses in chronic pain patients than in controls. Nevertheless, the strong reactivity also concerns other emotional words ; therefore this is not a specific effect. The second part of this work includes two experiments during which the perception of interoceptive sensations arising on the hands was quantified. Non-depressed chronic pain patients reported more numerous, more diversified, more extended and longer lasting sensations than controls. Such a somatosensory amplification appeared reduced if the sensations are considered as induced by an external source. This link in chronic pain between the increase of the vegetative reactivity and the amplification of interoception is discussed
Nores, Jean-Marc. "La Douleur et la condition humaine". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610984x.
Texto completo da fonteMoncheaux, Gabriel Beltzung Pierre. "Douleur des personnes âgées aux urgences". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2007_MONCHEAUX_GABRIEL.pdf.
Texto completo da fontePABLO, DOMINIQUE. "Approche psychiatrique de la douleur chronique". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M090.
Texto completo da fonteNathan, Jean-Jacques. "Les douleurs abdominales aiguës de l'enfant". Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23079.
Texto completo da fonteGrégoire, Mathieu. "Corrélats comportementaux et neuronaux de l'exposition répétée à la douleur d'autrui dans une perspective de douleur chronique". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27188.
Texto completo da fonteL’estimation de la douleur chez autrui peut être influencée par différents facteurs liés à la personne en douleur, à l’observateur ou bien à l’interaction entre ces derniers. Parmi ces facteurs, l’exposition répétée à la douleur d’autrui, dans les milieux de soins ou dans une relation dans laquelle un des deux conjoints souffre de douleur chronique, a souvent été liée à une sous-estimation de la douleur d’autrui. L’objectif de cette thèse visait à mesurer les impacts de l’exposition répétée à la douleur d’autrui sur l’estimation subséquente de la douleur des autres, mais aussi sur l’activité cérébrale lors de l’observation de la douleur d’autrui et finalement, sur l’estimation de la douleur chez les conjoints de patients atteints de douleur chronique. La première étude expérimentale a permis d’isoler le facteur d’exposition répétée à la douleur d’autrui des autres facteurs confondants pouvant moduler l’estimation de la douleur d’autrui. Ainsi, il a été démontré que l’exposition répétée à la douleur d’autrui diminuait l’évaluation subséquente de la douleur des autres. Dans la seconde étude, il a été démontré en imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle que l’exposition répétée à la douleur d’autrui entrainait des changements dans l’activité cérébrale de certaines régions associées au traitement affectif (l’insula bilatérale), mais aussi cognitif de la douleur (sulcus temporal supérieur ; précunéus), lors de l’observation de la douleur d’autrui. Finalement, la troisième étude expérimentale, celle-ci proposant une visée plus clinique, a permis de démontrer que les conjoints de patients atteints de douleur chronique ne surestiment pas la douleur de leur conjoint, mais qu’ils perçoivent de la douleur même dans des expressions faciales neutres. L’ensemble de ces résultats suggère que chez les sujets sains, l’exposition répétée à la douleur d’autrui entraine une sous-estimation de la douleur chez l’autre et des changements dans le réseau de la matrice de la douleur lors de l’observation de la douleur des autres. En définitive, ces résultats démontrent que l’exposition répétée à la douleur d’autrui, dans un contexte expérimental, a des impacts majeurs sur l’observateur et son jugement de l’intensité de la douleur.
The estimation of pain in others can be influenced by various factors related to the person in pain, to the observer or the interaction between them. Of these factors, the repeated exposure to the pain of others has often been suggested as one of the factors that could lead to the underestimation of others’ pain, for example in healthcare settings. This thesis aimed to measure the impacts of repeated exposure to the pain of others on the subsequent estimation of others’ pain, but also on the brain activity when observing the pain of others and finally, on the estimation of pain by spouses of chronic pain patients, daily exposed to others pain. The first experimental study isolated the factor of repeated exposure to others’ pain from other confounding factors that may modulate the estimation of the pain in others. Thus, it has been shown that repeated exposure to other people's pain decreased the subsequent estimation of the pain in others. In the second study, it was demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging that repeated exposure to the pain of others led to changes in brain activity in certain regions associated with affective processing (namely the bilateral insula), but also cognitive dimensions of pain (Superior temporal sulcus; precuneus) during the observation of another's pain. Finally, the third experimental study, this one with a more clinical objective, has demonstrated that spouses of chronic pain patients do not underestimate the pain of their spouse, but they do estimate pain when exposed to neutral facial expressions of their loved one. Taken together, these results suggest that repeated exposure to the pain of others leads to an underestimation of others’ pain and changes in the pain matrix network during observation of pain in others. Ultimately, these results demonstrate that repeated exposure to other people's pain, in an experimental setting, has a major impact on the observer and his judgment of the intensity of pain.
Piffer, Isabelle Lonchamp Philippe. "Enquête d'évaluation de la formation et des connaissances des internes en médecine sur la prise en charge de la douleur chronique chez l'adulte". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2006_PIFFER_ISABELLE.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBotbol, Corinne. "Mésothérapie et douleur, mécanisme d'action : application à l'étude de cas cliniques en milieu hospitalier". Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P079.
Texto completo da fonteJamot, Jean-Luc. "Évaluation par auto-questionnaire de la prise en charge au Centre anti-douleur de Saint-Etienne : à propos de 90 patients". Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STET6209.
Texto completo da fonteButtigieg, Gaëtane. "Valeurs subjectives des mots et douleur chronique". Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11171.
Texto completo da fonte