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Martin, Jack. "In Defense of Robin Barrow's Concern About Empirical Research in Education". Philosophical Inquiry in Education 26, n.º 2 (14 de setembro de 2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071436ar.
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This paper offers a defense of Robin Barrow’s main arguments in Giving Teaching Back to Teachers, including additional material concerning the inability of the aggregate data and statistical methods employed in research in education (and research on teaching) to speak to individual teachers and students or to particular classrooms. This defense and extension of Barrow’s position is applied in a critique ofa proposal made by Lorraine Foreman-Peck in her 2004 debate with Barrow, entitled What Use is Educational Research?, published in 2005 by the Philosophy of Education Society of Great Britain. A central confusion that attends and limits much empirical research in education and social science concerns conflation of two different senses of the concept general, as “common to all” or “on average.” The havoc this confusion plays ought not be ignored or minimized by educational researchers and their advocates who tend to exaggerate the empirical regularity in social scientific data and therefore the generalizability of social science research in education and elsewhere.
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Duwadi, Eak Prasad. "Fostering Public Army Relation in Nepal". Unity Journal 2 (2 de fevereiro de 2021): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v2i0.38784.
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Nepal maintained army strength even during the reigns of Lichchavi kings. Later, its operations began to generate income. The way in which King Prithvi Narayan Shah and his successors diligently mastered the art of warfare and strategy resulted in the success of the Gorkhali army. After the Kot Prava, the Rana family emerged and radically changed policies. This research studies on Nepali Army’s glorious history, transformation, and mainly its public relation. The Postmodern Military Model (PMMM) is the theoretical perspective that has guided this study. For this, a qualitative method that deals with subjectivity is adopted. Secondary data such as journals, books and standard websites are used to analyze the data. Nepali Army is not a threat to the society that it protects as it has been trying to build its trust and credibility among the public. During its Imperial Era, the Great Britain awarded several Grukha soldiers in its military the ‘Victoria Cross’ for their unparalleled bravery and courage in various battles. Nepali Army gets exposure to serve in the outside world for decades. Relation between civil and army has not been bad in Nepal for many centuries despite of having some rubbings in the modern Nepal. However, politicians, notably the sitting PM or Defense Minister, routinely try to invoke the Nepal Army and draw it into the political jurisdiction. Nepali Army has been doing its duties honestly and unfailingly both inside and outside Nepal.
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Kirby, M., e R. Capey. "The Air Defence of Great Britain, 1920-1940: An Operational Research Perspective". Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, n.º 6 (junho de 1997): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3010219.
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Kirby, M., e R. Capey. "The air defence of Great Britain, 1920–1940: an operational research perspective". Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, n.º 6 (junho de 1997): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600421.
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Kirby, M., e R. Capey. "The air defence of Great Britain, 1920–1940: an operational research perspective". Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, n.º 6 (1997): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jors.2600421.
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Hettich, Paul I. "Professional Development in Great Britain without Faculty Exchange". Teaching of Psychology 21, n.º 3 (outubro de 1994): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009862839402100317.
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The literature on faculty exchange with Great Britain demonstrates its value for professional development, but an exchange may not be possible or desirable. This article summarizes a semester-long sabbatical leave that involved part-time teaching, library research, visits to several British universities, and attendance at a British Psychological Society conference. Resources and practical considerations are discussed.
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Joseph, Edet Adu, e Dennis M. Ndambo. "The Role of Defense Diplomacy in Enhancing National Security: A Case Study of Kenya (2012-2022)". International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, n.º X (2023): 612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.701050.
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Defence diplomacy has increasingly become an important avenue of engagement across countries. It aims at enhancing diplomatic capacity of a country. Kenya, since gaining its independence from Great Britain in 1963 has been engaged in defence diplomacy within the larger Eastern Africa region and beyond. With intensifying security uncertainty in the Horn of Africa, necessitating Kenya to consider increasing her defence diplomacy activities in addition to increasing her military expenditure on equipment and personnel inorder to address emerging security threats. This study is interested in establishing the role defence diplomacy has played in thwarting threats to Kenya’s national security. How, for instance is Kenya courting new partners in military diplomacy and trade. This paper also provides the structure of the proposed study that focuses on Kenya’s defence diplomacy approach within the Eastern Africa region and beyond. In the quest of unbundling the defence diplomacy phenomena, the following research questions were considered: In what ways has Kenya’s defense diplomacy promoted security in the East Africa region? Are there requisite policy and legal frameworks that guides the conduct of defence diplomacy? What future challenges can Kenya anticipate in its defense diplomacy processes?
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Valdés, Juan Núñez Valdés. "International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Studies". International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 04, n.º 12 (24 de dezembro de 2021): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33826/ijmras/v04i12.1.
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This paper deals with the beginnings and historical evolution of Pharmacy studies in Great Britain and on the role played by the first women who practiced the profession there, The circumstances of that time, which made it very difficult for a woman to work in that area, the biography of the first English woman licensed in Pharmacy, Fanny Deacon, and the biographies of the women who followed her as graduates in Pharmacy in Great Britain are commented, detailing not only their personal data but also the impact they had on the evolution and development of Pharmacy studies in their country. These women were Alice Vickery, Isabella Skinner Clarke, Margaret Elizabeth Buchanan, Rose Coombes Minshull, and Agnes Thompson Borrowman. The main objective of the paper is to reveal the figures of these first women in Pharmacy in Great Britain to society, To do this, the methodology used has been usual in researches of this type: search of data on these women in bibliographical and computer sources, as well as in historic archives. As the main results, the biographies of these pioneers pharmacist women mentioned above have been elaborated.
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Buranok, Sergey Olegovich. "Russia electrification plan in the USA and UK press assessment of the 1920-1929". Samara Journal of Science 7, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2018): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201871208.
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The following paper deals with the research of the place and value of Russia electrification plan and its reflection in Great Britain and the USA public opinion. The study of information campaign around Russia electrification plan has its specifics and value: first, it gives a chance to establish new, unknown facts; secondly, to determine the level of knowledge of Another (in this case, American) society about the Soviet power; thirdly, to understand what place information about Russia electrification plan took in the USA and Great Britain in the system of the USSR image creation, the image of the Soviet power revolution. This paper uses materials of the USA and Great Britain press about Russia electrification plan. Besides, the author analyzes the image of the Soviet power in the American and British society. The information campaign around Russia electrification plan could report to the world about the Soviet economy achievements as well as promote preparation (in the information plan) to the following large project - industrialization. Articles, reports, notes on Russia electrification plan helped to change the attitude towards Russia / the USSR in the USA and Great Britain and helped to correct the image of the USSR in the world.
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Haydon, C. M. "The Anti-Catholic Activity of the S.P.C.K., C. 1698–1740". Recusant History 18, n.º 4 (outubro de 1987): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268419500020699.
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THE SOCIETY for Promoting Christian Knowledge was established in 1698. From its inception, one of its aims was to combat the spread of Catholicism in Britain and elsewhere. At the end of the seventeenth century, the Counter-Reformation seemed to be enjoying great successes: as one of the Society's memorials noted, ‘the progress of Popery … by little and little ruins the Reformed Religion all over Europe’. This occurred, the memorial went on, because the Protestants had little regard for their own defence. The remedy was to form a ‘union of Protestants’, with a council to organize its correspondence among those of the reformed faith in all parts of the continent; and to put a stop the activity of Popish priests, though ‘without Persecution and violence’. A bulwark, it was argued, was unquestionably needed against so formidable and zealous a body as the Congregation de Propaganda Fide. The Crown was to be informed of these designs and the Society was soon given a watching brief on ‘the practices of priests to pervert His Majesty's subjects’.
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Rosner, Anna M. "Kindertransporty – brytyjskie akcje ratowania żydowskich dzieci w latach 1938–1939". Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, n.º 12 (30 de novembro de 2016): 141–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32927/zzsim.412.
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The article talks about Kindertransports – the major rescue action organized by British-Jewish organizations, and run from the territory of Great Britain between 1938 and 1939. The Kindertransports aimed at gathering and sending to Great Britain Jewish children under the age of seventeen, in order to prevent them from witnessing, or being victims of the acts of violence in Nazi controlled Europe. Once in Great Britain, the children were supposed to spend several weeks with British families willing to give them shelter and support. Those for whom foster parents would not be found, were to be sent to boarding schools or temporary shelters. In the action’s planning phase the institutions involved considered the Kindertransports to be a temporary solution. As the situation of the Jewish population in Nazi controlled Europe worsened, it became clear that the character of the action needed to be revised, and the families were expected to guest the children for a longer and unspecified time. In the end approximately 10.000 Jewish children, who travelled to the Isles, were allowed to stay throughout the times of war. In 1945 it became clear that vast majority of them had no place or family to get back to. They stayed in Great Britain becoming an important and vital part of the British society, with British citizenships granted shortly after the end of the war. The article discusses the organization of the Kindertransport and talks about other solutions taken under consideration both by the program organizers, and the British government. It elaborates on the experiences the children shared, that is being separated from their families, feeling homesick, or finding oneself in the new environment. It explains the question of the lost identity of the participants of the program and speaks on how the subjects dealt with it. It also shows how the British legislature and laws connected to the Enemy Alien status together with the Defence Regulation 18B influenced lives of the underage survivors. The article ends with an attempt of estimation of what happened to the Kindertransport children after the war. How many of them remained in Great Britain and considered themselves British, how many shown high level of mobility and spend their lives changing their place of residence. In the end how many of them kept their self-identification as Jews, and how many converted.
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Kutepova, Maryna. "DEVELOPMENT OF CONTEMPORARY DEVOLUTION PROCESSES IN GREAT BRITAIN". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Public Administration 15, n.º 1 (2022): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-9193.2022/15-4/9.
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The main purpose of the article is to analyze the devolutionary processes in Great Britain, which have intensified and institutionalized since the late twentieth century and continue to the present days, as well as their impact on the political and socio-economic development of its member countries – England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study are scientific methods and methodological approaches to understanding the process of interaction of public authorities under conditions of devolution. An important condition of the chosen research strategy is the observance of the principles of objectivity, multifactoriality and systematicity. The study is based on methodological principles of a systematic approach. Using a systems approach makes it possible to study the interaction of public authorities in the UK in the context of devolution as a single system. Based on the fact that devolution involves the creation of certain institutions, as well as institutional adaptation to a management system that adapts to new conditions, the main methodological approach to analysis was the institutional approach. The article emphasizes that for a long time the United Kingdom has been a model of decentralized political governance based on the culture of civil society and the representation of local interests in the national government. To a large extent, Britain's sustainable development depends on a periodic political compromise. It can alleviate the main contradiction of the British political system – the dichotomy of the principles of the supremacy of parliament and regional self-government. It is proved that the decentralization of public administration in the UK means the devolution of central government and increasing the responsibility of local government in the expansion and development of various forms of interaction between state and society. In general, the process of decentralization of power in the UK is complex and ambiguous one. The process of devolution in the UK is characterized by asymmetry, as evidenced by the lack of legislative powers of England. In this context, it is stated that the procedure of interaction between public authorities at different levels is not well established. Today there is a significant number of control functions, levers of administrative and financial pressure on central offices, as well as the lack of clear recommendations by which local authorities could determine what is within their competence and address urgent issues more effectively.
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Wilkes, Fiona A., Harith Akram, Jonathan A. Hyam, Neil D. Kitchen, Marwan I. Hariz e Ludvic Zrinzo. "Publication productivity of neurosurgeons in Great Britain and Ireland". Journal of Neurosurgery 122, n.º 4 (abril de 2015): 948–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.11.jns14856.
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OBJECT Bibliometrics are the methods used to quantitatively analyze scientific literature. In this study, bibliometrics were used to quantify the scientific output of neurosurgical departments throughout Great Britain and Ireland. METHODS A list of neurosurgical departments was obtained from the Society of British Neurological Surgeons website. Individual departments were contacted for an up-to-date list of consultant (attending) neurosurgeons practicing in these departments. Scopus was used to determine the h-index and m-quotient for each neurosurgeon. Indices were measured by surgeon and by departmental mean and total. Additional information was collected about the surgeon's sex, title, listed superspecialties, higher research degrees, and year of medical qualification. RESULTS Data were analyzed for 315 neurosurgeons (25 female). The median h-index and m-quotient were 6.00 and 0.41, respectively. These were significantly higher for professors (h-index 21.50; m-quotient 0.71) and for those with an additional MD or PhD (11.0; 0.57). There was no significant difference in h-index, m-quotient, or higher research degrees between the sexes. However, none of the 16 British neurosurgery professors were female. Neurosurgeons who specialized in functional/epilepsy surgery ranked highest in terms of publication productivity. The 5 top-scoring departments were those in Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; St. George's Hospital, London; Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; and John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. CONCLUSIONS The h-index is a useful bibliometric marker, particularly when comparing between studies and individuals. The m-quotient reduces bias toward established researchers. British academic neurosurgeons face considerable challenges, and women remain underrepresented in both clinical and academic neurosurgery in Britain and Ireland.
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Bhasin, N., e DJA Scott. "Publication Outcome for Research Presented at the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland Annual Meetings". Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 89, n.º 3 (abril de 2007): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588407x155806.
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BACKGROUND The Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland (VSGBI) annual meeting is a major international vascular surgery conference. Studies suggest that the percentage of presentations that result in full-text publications are a measure of the quality of the meeting. We investigated the publication outcome of abstracts presented to the VSGBI in 2001 and 2002. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified abstracts from the conference programmes and conducted a detailed electronic Medline and PubMed search to determine publication. We collected data regarding the study design, subject matter, publishing journal, time to publication, institution of origin, impact factors and RAE levels. RESULTS There were 63 publications from 106 abstracts (59.4%), with a median impact factor of 3.507. Prospective observational studies accounted for 20.6% of publications, with abdominal aortic aneurysms being the commonest subject matter (34.9%). The median time to publication was 12 months, with the European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery publishing 33.3% of the articles. Leicester achieved the highest number of publications and the majority of work came from centres with Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) level scores of 4, university centres accounted for 74.6% of publications. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that when compared to equivalent meetings in other specialties and geographical regions, the annual meeting of the VSGBI is of the very highest quality.
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Lavrenko, Valeriia. "Images of Great Britain and the British in Russian society during the First World War". Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 5, n.º 1-2 (30 de dezembro de 2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26220512.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the general ideas about Great Britain and the British as military allies of the bloc of Entente countries, which existed in Russian society during the First World War. Methods used in the research: the method of content analysis, historical-genetic and historical-comparative. Main results: the article examines the visions of the British, common among the Russian intelligentsia on the eve of the First World War, and the influence of previous historical experience on the formation of these visions. It is analyzed in what way Russians' ideas about Britain as an allied state were transformed during the course of hostilities. Attempts to carry out state actions to promote Britain in the Russian Empire are considered, in particular, the visit of Russian journalists to the British Isles in 1916.Journalistic notes and journalistic works resulting from this visit are examined. Concise conclusions: the experience of the First World War showed that the state propaganda of the Russian Empire paid much more attention to the formation of the image of the enemy. Conversely, efforts aimed at familiarizing Russian society with allies in the bloc of Entente countries were significantly less powerful. At the beginning of the First World War, most representatives of Russian society looked skeptically at Britain as an ally, taking to the attantion the country's lack of general mobilization and its desire to fight only at sea. The experience of the war showed that although general mobilization was not introduced in Great Britain, the number of the British Expeditionary Force in continental Europe increased tenfold due to volunteers who demonstrated high fighting qualities. Britain abandoned the strategy of war exclusively at sea, fulfilling the All-Allied obligations, the country learned to overcome the resource crisis that arose as a result of raids by German submarines on the routes connecting the British Isles with the colonies. It was these messages that Russian journalists and publicists tried to convey about Britain, in particular, the participants of the 1916 visit. However, the number of materials aimed at a mass reader, dedicated to allies in Russia was much less than articles dedicated to the enemy. Even at the end of the war, Russian society looked at the Western Front as an unknown war. Over time, this gave rise to the idea among Russian veterans during the years of the Civil War that Britain and France had failed to fulfill their duty as allies and were guilty of Russia. Practical meaning: the materials of the article can be used in the teaching of the basic course for students of the Faculty of History (Oles Honchar Dnipro National University) at the bachelor's level – “History of Western Europe and North America in modern times”. Originality: for the first time, attention is focused on the fact that the sphere of ideas about the Allies by the Entente bloc during the First World War directly influenced the events at the front and determined the narratives of the USSR and Russian emigration after the world carnage. Scientific novelty: for the first time, the change in perceptions of the British as allies of the Russian Empire (within the Entente countries) during the entire period of active hostilities during the First World War was analyzed. Type of article: descriptive and analytical.
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Brown, Callum G. "Did urbanization secularize Britain?" Urban History 15 (maio de 1988): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800013882.
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There are few issues in British history about which so much unsubstantiated assertion has been written as the adverse impact of industrial urbanization upon popular religiosity. Urban history undergraduates are plied each year with the well-worn secularizing interpretation of urban growth which emanated with the Victorians (mostly churchmen) and which has since been reassembled by modern investigators in forms suitable for digestion in ecclesiastical history, social history (Marxist and non-Marxist), historical sociology, and historical geography. This ‘pessimist’ school of thought has reigned virtually unchallenged since the nineteenth century, giving rise in its endless repetition to simplistic historiographical myths. Arguably, systematic inquiry has suffered because modern urban society has been regarded as inimical to religion.An important start to disentangling the web of confusion has already been made by Jeff Cox in his admirable but underrated The English Churches in a Secular Society, a study of Lambeth between 1870 and 1930. 'In the first and final chapters of that book, Cox commenced the assault on the ‘pessimist’ school, pointing out in necessarily blunt language the illogicality and empirical weakness in the arguments of many historians and sociologists of religion. That book should have a reserved space on every reading list dealing with this issue. The present article attempts to expand on what might be called the ‘optimist’ school of thought concerning the impact of urbanization upon religion: that the churches survived urbanization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. While Cox adduced from his research on the 1870–930 period that the great decline of the churches had not occurred before then, the following pages shift the focus to a reassessment of of the evidence on the preceding 100 years.
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Chumachenko, V. Y., e O. H. Kozynets. "Constitutional and legal status of the british monarch". Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, n.º 5 (30 de dezembro de 2022): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.05.11.
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The article examines the issue of the essence of the constitutional and legal status of the monarch of Great Britain. It is noted that the constitutional experience of Great Britain is unique. This country has almost the oldest constitutional history and practice.
The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that starting from the 17th century the role of the monarch in state administration was constantly changing by permanently reducing the powers of the royal power As a result of the adoption by the Parliament of the Bill of Rights in 1689 and the Act of Organization in 1701, the departure from absolutism and the final establishment of the constitutional monarchy were legally fixed in England.
The article aims to investigate the main aspects of the constitutional and legal status of the British monarch
It is noted that today the monarch is the head of state and the formal source of sovereign power, and also acts as a symbol of the unity of the nation and the guarantor of state continuity and stability in society. In Great Britain, the vast majority of the powers of the head of state are exercised by other bodies, primarily the government and its head, so we can state that the real powers of the monarch in Great Britain are largely limited.
During the reign of Elizabeth II, who will die in 2022, the monarchy was seen more as a symbolic institution representing the united British people. Later, the Eldest son of the late Queen of Great Britain – 73-year-old Charles – came to power. He became the new monarch and received the title of king.
As a result of the research, the authors come to the conclusion that the Monarch is recognized as the source of sovereign power, a symbol of the unity of the nation, and the head of the Anglican and Presbyterian churches. Due to the fact that the Monarch is a politically neutral figure, he acts as a guarantor of stability in the state and society. At the same time, although the monarch is part of the parliament, in English legal doctrine it is customary to put the head of state in the first place in the system of higher state authorities.
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PREBILIČ, VLADIMIR. "VETERANS AND SOCIETY". VETERANSKE ORGANIZACIJE – ALI JIH SPLOH POTREBUJEMO?/ VETERAN ORGANISATIONS – ARE THEY EVEN NEEDED?, VOLUME 2017/ ISSUE 19/2 (15 de junho de 2017): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.19.2.02.
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In 2015, in Athens, a decision was made that the upcoming conference of military historians under the auspices of the Partnership for Peace programme in the Conflict Studies Working Group (CSWG) would be hosted by Slovenia. In cooperation with the Ministry of Defence and with its support we established an organisational committee, consisting of four institutions: the Military Museum in the name of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Slovenia, Institute of Contemporary History, Faculty of Social Sciences, and the French Ministry of Defence, represented by the Veterans and War Victims Office. We would like to thank the Minister of Defence Andreja Katič and Brigadier Milko Petek for their assistance with the organisation, financing, and understanding of the role of the Republic of Slovenia in the international scientific community. This understanding and complete support were crucial for the realisation of a successful international consultation, where we managed to confront an overabundance of experiences and present numerous challenges, as well as ensure that all the participants left Ljubljana with plenty of good impressions and new knowledge, also about the Slovenian defence system and our history. Regarding the selection of topics, which the researchers from more than thirty countries would research and then present at the annual conference, we agreed that this time we would focus on a topic that was not as distinctively military: war veterans. Why veterans? We, military historians, far too often concentrate on important conflicts, battles and wars, where the most important roles are in the hands of military commanders, political decision-makers, and coalitions of forces. With great zeal we study tactics, operations, strategies, and analyse the impact of every possible more or less important factor that influenced either the course of the conflict in question or its results. We analyse and interpret the consequences of engagements, battles and wars by means of various archive materials, revealing layers of secrets involved in what may already be numerous conventional facts... However, when the weapons fall silent, as the stage is once again taken over by politicians and as normal life in its myriad of ways resumes (as war and its consequences are undoubtedly abnormal circumstances), the elimination of the consequences of war comes to the forefront. Everyone focuses on the restoration of devastated cities and infrastructure as well as on the revitalisation of state economies. The militaries of the victorious as well as – even more so – the defeated side retreat to the background. Soldiers, perhaps especially those who cannot continue working in the military structures due to the consequences of wars, become even less visible. Precisely these consequences of wars leave permanent scars on the soldiers. They can alter the soldiers' personalities irreversibly and completely, and often change the way of the former soldier's lives forever. Unfortunately it frequently happens that the soldiers' societal, social and general status takes a turn for the worse as well. Precisely for this reason a number of various veteran organisations have been established, whose purpose is not only to maintain contacts between the former soldiers but also to represent them, their status and their rights, and bring the attention to their unequal position in the society. One would expect that the status of veterans would thus be addressed properly and that further potential marginalisation of the former members of the armed forces would no longer be an issue, but unfortunately that is not the case. Although the attitude of the state towards the veterans in fact reflects its maturity, sensitivity to the vulnerable, and respect of its most meritorious citizens, this issue is often not settled in a manner that one would expect. The reasons for this situation can be found on both sides: on the side of the decision-making elites, which far too eagerly assign top priority to other, possibly more pressing issues; as well as on the side of the veteran organisations themselves, which should certainly operate in such a way as to represent a direct and tougher negotiator when it comes to the status of veterans. During the economic crisis, when the negative consequences almost as a rule affect the lowest social strata most adversely, the situation of the veterans is not much different. The cutbacks of national and consequently defence budgets result in the diminished resources available for the veterans. Most often the veterans are where the financial cuts actually begin. For this reason the discussion about the status of veterans is a very pressing topic, even today. At the same time the veteran organisations are the ones that represent a live historical memory of extreme efforts and great sacrifice. As such they are a living reminder of what wars and post-war events represent. The decision-makers should learn so much from them... And perhaps these sorts of discussions will contribute to changes in these relations. Esteemed veterans, we should thank you, pay our respect to you, and endeavour to maintain the sincerest possible relations with you. As it is, it is a fundamental characteristic of every veteran that they have put their nation as a whole before their own interests as well as before the interests of their loved ones and those of other groups. For this noble goal they have been prepared to sacrifice everything: their lives. For this reason it is only proper and decent that the highest possible quality of life be ensured for our veterans by means of sincere relations and by including the veterans in all aspects of life in the modern society.
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Balina, T. A., A. A. Balina, S. E. Gasumova e T. D. Popkova. "FEATURES OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN RUSSIA, GREAT BRITAIN AND CHINA". Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences 30, n.º 2 (30 de julho de 2020): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2020-30-2-231-243.
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The state youth policy requires deep study and justification by representatives of social sciences, including sociology and socio-economic geography, which allows us to synthesize various methods of studying society and its well-being. Social geography, having a spatial approach, allows us to determine the territorial features of the course of social phenomena, to identify cause-and-effect relationships between them, to study the general and specific features of the development of territorial communities and population strata. Using the example of Great Britain, China and Russia, the current social problems of young people in countries with different types of socio-economic development are revealed through a comparative analysis of socio-demographic processes. In the context of concepts of well-being, the article considers various aspects of social dependency as a new and little-studied phenomenon. It is revealed that the UK, which implements the liberal principle of public welfare policy, has extensive experience in social work with young people, and the pioneering research of NEET-youth is of international significance. In China social dependency has acquired specific forms, which is largely determined by the principle of egalitarianism, the consequences of demographic policy and traditional mentality. The analysis of modern problems of Russian youth has shown that the rejection of the paternalistic model of social protection of the population had a negative impact on the situation of young people. The article analyzes the results of statistical, sociological research, expert evaluation, included interviews, etc., which revealed the social problems of Russian, British and Chinese youth, including the phenomenon of dependency. It was revealed that the study of dependency in the framework of youth policy and social work will help to activate the younger generation, accelerate its inclusion in society, and improve technologies for solving social problems.
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Lunev, S. M. "The Image of Great Britain in the Soviet Press in the Context of the Spanish Civil War (1936‒1939)". Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 13, n.º 1 (7 de abril de 2021): 196–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2021-13-1-196-222.
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The developments of the Spanish Civil War in 1936–1939, including its international aspects, have been thoroughly studied both in foreign and in Russian historiography. However, the introduction of new research approaches, in this case imagology, allows us to revisit even the well-established views. The paper examines the сreation and subsequent development of the image of Great Britain in the Soviet press in the context of the Spanish Civil War. The research draws on publications in the Soviet ‘Pravda’ and ‘Izvestiya’ newspapers, as well as in the ‘Ogoniok’, ‘Za rubezhom’ and ‘Agitator’s Sputnik’ magazines. The study reveales a rather ambiguous position of the Soviet press in relation to the British policy in Spain. Several topics played a key role in creating the image of the ‘Foggy Albion’ in the Soviet press. The leitmotif of publications of the Soviet journalists was the image of the empire in decline. In this regard, the Soviet press emphasized the acquiescence of the British government faced with aggressive actions from Francoists backed by Germany and Italy, as well as its inability to protect national interests of its own state. Parallel to this, the image of Great Britain as a split society was created. The Soviet journalists stressed that passivity of the government caused mounting criticism from both political left and right. At the same time, they praised the work of the civil society and volunteers in support of the republic. Finally, the Soviet media bashed London for its gradual drift from non-intervention towards appeasement and even direct inducement of aggressors. The author concludes that the image of Great Britain created in the Soviet press was intended to convince the Soviet public opinion in the fallacy of the British policy. In the face of an impending global war, London was portrayed as an unreliable ally, prone to concessions to aggressors.
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Kryukov, M. V. "How lovely, how fresh were the roses". Etnograficheskoe obozrenie, n.º 5 (15 de outubro de 2023): 63–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869541523050056.
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The author - doctor of historical sciences, an honorary member of Academia Europaea and the Royal Anthropological Society of Great Britain and Ireland - shares his autobiographical recollections about the life and career in Soviet/Russian anthropological academia, research and fieldwork, colleagues and friends, work for the journal “Sovetskaia etnografiia” (currently, “Etnograficheskoe obozrenie”), as well as the vicissitudes of academic life at the Institute of Ethnography (currently, the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences).
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Farrell, Milly, e Sam Alberti. "The Odontological Collection: recent progress". Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 93, n.º 9 (1 de outubro de 2011): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363511x13135061295085.
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For the last three years the Faculty of Dental Surgery has supported the cataloguing and re-storage of the Odontological Collection by the Museums and Archives Department. The collection dates back to 1859, when the Odontological Society of Great Britain announced the need for a dental collection to encourage further research in the field. Owing to the recent work in both cataloguing and promoting the collection, this original purpose has been re-established and the collection is once again the focus of several research projects.
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Ninčetović, Nataša. "The Mill on the Floss: The critique of the concept of education in Victorian Great Britain". Sinteze, n.º 19 (2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sinteze10-30220.
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George Eliot was not only a significant Victorian writer, but primarily an intellectual. She thought that literature had an important role in the reform of society, the moral and educational function. Eliot interwove her views on the direction in which the society should move in her works, so that the analysis of her opus cannot be separated from the social circumstances in Victorian Great Britain. The aim of this work is to imply at the fact that by means of The Mill on the Floss George Eliot indirectly criticized the official concept of education of the Victorian era. The starting point of our research is an overview of the state of society, followed up by George Eliot's attitudes towards the question of education, which can be found in her essays and letters. The Mill on the Floss is a picturesque illustration of George Eliot's beliefs that education should be reformed, as well as of the need of a different approach to this extremely important question. The implication of this novel is that education needs to be appropriate to the requisites and competences of the student, but also that education mustn't be reduced to a commodity, so that we should raise the awareness that education has a much more important and wider role than mere acquisition of a degree and means that will faciliate easier employment.
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Mergheş, Petru Eugen, e Sorin Grădinaru. "Comparative Analysis of the “Libero” in great Performance Volleyball". Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal 6, n.º 12 (1 de junho de 2014): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tperj-2014-0024.
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Abstract Modern volleyball is characterised by a substantial increase of the attack force and regulation changes support defence. This explains the appearance of the “libero” whose use is optional. In this paper, we aimed at establishing a somatic profile of the “libero” based on volleyball players’ parameters that have played in this position in the volleyball teams that participated in the London 2012 Summer Olympics. The subjects of our research were the “liberos” of the 12 volleyball teams that qualified for the competition. We recorded for these players the following parameters: age, height and weight. The study shows that the mean age of a libero was 31.4 years, with the oldest volleyball player in the Brazilian team (39 years) and the youngest one in the British team (24 years). The mean height of a libero was 184.8 cm, with the tallest libero in the volleyball team of the USA (190 cm) and the shortest one in the team of Great Britain (180 cm). The mean weight of a libero is 81.9 kg, with the highest weight in the volleyball of the United States (90 kg) and the lowest one in the Tunisian volleyball team (74 kg). Age - rather high in the liberos of the studied volleyball teams (above 30 years) point to the expertise accumulated in the long years of practicing volleyball.
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Rydel, Jan. "Kryzys Bundeswehry po zjednoczeniu Niemiec". Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica 24, n.º 324 (15 de maio de 2021): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20813333.24.11.
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The Bundeswehr, the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany, which was one of the strongestarmies in NATO during the Cold War, is currently in serious crisis. After the reunification of Germany, thenumber of soldiers was quickly reduced and the defence spending dropped to 1.2 percent of the GDP. In2004, the doctrine of using the Bundeswehr changed too. It was concluded that there was no risk of anattack on the German territory, so general conscription was abandoned and the supplies of weapons andammunition needed for mobilization were liquidated. The army was to specialise in peace and stabilisationmissions in endangered areas of the world. However, at present, Germany has far fewer soldiers on missionsthan, for example, France and Great Britain, and it consistently refrains from joining missions during which itis likely to participate in real combat operations. At present, the German army does not have a single brigadecapable of taking part in a combat, and a small number of Luftwaffe airplanes and helicopters are technicallysound, including Marine vessels. The situation of the Bundeswehr is complicated by the widespread pacifismin German society and the resulting lack of trust in, and aversion to the military.
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Kornéli, Beáta. "Nagy Britannia és Ausztrália közös atomprogramja 1945-1960". Belvedere Meridionale 31, n.º 2 (2019): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2019.2.9.
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Australia was determined to obtain a nuclear weapon after the Second World War. The most obvious solution seemed to collaborate with Britain doing nuclear research in the so-called “joint project”. The British defence planners had been aware of the fact that Great Britain would not survive a forthcoming nuclear attack at the dawn of the cold war and thus, they were in need of their own nuclear weapon. When the MacMahon Act came into force the Government of United States of America rejected the British to continue the joint research in the Manhattan Project and they wanted to retain their sole atom monopoly. They provided the British neither with raw material nor with nuclear technology, furthermore, they were not allowed to participate in the test blasts. Hence, the role of Australia was revalued by the British Government. Several productive intitiatives such as the establishment of the Australian National University, launching the Snowy Mountains project, deployment of the Royal Australian Air Force in Southeast Asia coincided with the joint project. The culmination of the Australian–British cooperation was the atomic blast in 1952 and the decision of the British to contribute to the construction of an Australian nuclear reactor. Nevertheless, the nuclear achievements of the Soviet Union put an end to the so far successful joint project.
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Chelotti, Nicola. "Italy seen through British eyes: a European middle power?" Modern Italy 15, n.º 3 (agosto de 2010): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2010.490340.
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This article analyses the British perceptions of contemporary Italy and Italian politics. Through the use of a number of sources (parliamentary debates, governmental documents, newspaper articles and interviews) it argues that Italy is not perceived, within Great Britain, as a great power within the European system nor it is viewed as a peripheral actor. Rather, it suggests that Italy seems to have finally found in the post-Cold War scenario its proper role–a European middle power, with important responsibilities within a regional sub-system. A frequent request–and expectation–coming from British politics and society is that Italy should take on more international responsibilities, even in the sphere of defence–as the different readings of Italy's role and leadership in Afghanistan and Lebanon reveal. However, Italy's ability to play this role is believed to be hampered by several factors: its uncertain political situation, its unwillingness to engage in military operations, its reluctance to respect international commitments and its structural economic problems. As a result, further possibilities of cooperation with other international partners as well as its potential for autonomous action on the international stage are, in several cases, precluded. Moreover, if the relations between Italy and the UK are usually seen in a positive way, and Italy is viewed as a reliable partner, the nature of the cooperation between the two countries is often considered to be fragile and based on short-term common interests and strategies.
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Triyogo, Agus. "The Impact of Napoleonic War toward Great Britain’s Condition as Reflected in William Thackeray’s Vanity Fair (Sociological Approach)". EDULIA: English Education, Linguistic and Art Journal 1, n.º 1 (15 de setembro de 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/edulia.v1i1.1569.
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The purpose of this study is to describe the social conditions that occurred in England after the Napoleonic war. This type of method is library research. Data collection was carried out through observation and documentation. Data were analyzed using a sociological approach. The results showed that the condition of British society after the Napoleonic war was still good in its education system with modern and intellectual thinking. British society realizes that education is very important for everyone to be more responsible. In fact, social relations that were conducive to change become individuals during war. The Napoleonic war had a negative impact on the life of British society, especially on psychological conditions and economic development. In conclusion, Britain's socio-economic life was destroyed after the war. All economic sources such as industry, agriculture and factories are getting worse. People only think how to protect themselves from war.
Keywords: Great Britain, Impact, Napoleonic War, Sociological Approach, Vanity Fair
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Krop, Henri Adrien. "Fides et Ratio: An Early Enlightenment Defence of Non-confessional Religion by Poiret and his Circle". Church History and Religious Culture 90, n.º 1 (2010): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187124110x506482.
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AbstractIn 1707 an anonymous collection of treatises Fides et ratio was published in Amsterdam. The voluminous work of several authors contains a fierce critique of Locke's notion of faith and the moderate Enlightenment's conception of a reasonable Christianity. The sympathiser with mystic theology Pierre Poiret (1646–1719) wrote the general introduction. In the preface Poiret outlined a counter philosophy. However, the book deserves the interest of modern scholars because of the notions of religion and faith conceived by its authors. They are basically modern. Fides et ratio exemplifies the intense intellectual connections between Great Britain, the Netherlands and the German hinterland during the early modern period. The authors of the collection were part of an international non-denominational web. With some exceptions relations between the philosophes and the counter philosophers among the illuminati are neglected in modern research. In the final parts of this essay it will be argued that the ideas on faith and the ensuing separation of religion and the state created a common ground between Poiret and Christian Thomasius, the luminary of early German Enlightenment, who for some years had been directly influenced by the former's ideas.
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Pollock, Jon I. "Primates and conservation priorities in Madagascar". Oryx 20, n.º 4 (outubro de 1986): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300020226.
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Madagascar's conservation problems are many, but the Malagasy Government is working towards solutions, having recently passed into law a strategy that links development with the conservation of natural resources. The protection of the country's remaining forests is a key concern, both for the human population and for the non-human primates. The author is a primatologist and has a research background in behavioural ecology, reproduction and conservation, especially with prosimians. This article was first presented at the joint Primate Society of Great Britain/FFPS meeting on primate conservation in December 1985.
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Adamczyk, Tomasz. "Kościół i parafia w doświadczeniach polskich migrantów". Roczniki Nauk Społecznych 12(48), n.º 1 (2021): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rns20481-4.
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The article shows the institutional and societal dimension of the religiosity of Polish migrants in Great Britain. Three issues were subjected to sociological analysis: church, parish and clergy, which were presented from the perspective of the respondents’ experience. Empirical material was collected using the qualitative research method using in-depth interview techniques. Sociological analysis has shown that in a pluralistic society, changes in the institutional parameter of religiosity are multidirectional. In a multicultural society, some migrants negatively assess the institutional dimension of the functioning of the Church or parish, for others, especially in the context of migration, they become important and much needed. The assessment of the clergy is also diversified and often depends on the level of religiosity of the examined person.
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Koval’, M. "Global trends in general approaches to victimological crime prevention". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, n.º 74 (10 de fevereiro de 2023): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.74.50.
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Victimogical ideas were born several thousand years ago. Self-defence of a potential victim at the dawn of humanity was the main method of crime. Then, as other mechanisms for social evil appeared and developed, self-defence became one of the problems of the victim himself. The state and society, trying to protect the individual, developed other measures that did not require the participation of the victim in their logical analysis, which addressed to such phenomena as crime, criminal.
The preventive role of law consists in regulating spheres of social life, during which existing criminogenic factors are either eliminated or their action is seriously hindered. The law cannot destroy the economic, social, and cultural causes and conditions of crime, but it can influence their negative manifestations: localize, block, and organize appropriate counteraction to negative phenomena and processes.
Accelerating the processes of European integration requires the introduction into law enforcement practice not only of modern forms and methods of combating crime, but also standards of protection of human rights and freedoms recognized by the world community. Real democratic transformations are inseparable from the humanization of social relations because a person, his life and health, honour and dignity, inviolability and security are recognized as the highest social value.
Currently, in several European countries, including Great Britain, the Netherlands, and France, the situational form of prevention is part of the official crime prevention policy. Despite this, there are concerns that “the use of this approach to crime prevention will have wider societal consequences of limiting freedom and unequal access to the positive outcomes of crime prevention.”
Analysis of modern global trends in crime prevention shows that in the vast majority of states it is carried out with the help of “official” systems of fighting crime, i.e., law enforcement agencies and criminal justice.
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Inkin, Victor V. "Memory formation about World War I through British veterans’ activities and the historical policy of Great Britain in the 1930s". Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, n.º 5 (2023): 1305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2023-28-5-1305-1315.
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Importance. The scientific problem lies in the World War I historical memory’s formation’s features’ study. The purpose of the research is to reveal what was the ratio of the state’s and veterans’ influence in the narratives’ formation of World War I historical memory in the Great Britain in the 1930s. Research Methods. The historical policy of the British government in the field of the memory about World War I was studied by a historical and systematic approach for consideration as one of the instruments of influence on the Great Britain’s society. The activity of veteran organizations and individual front-line soldiers during the 1930s was analyzed, whose protest against the state narrative of historical memory after the “Great Depression” began to fade by 1939. Results and Discussion. On the basis of the materials of the British press of the 1930s, as well as the involvement of additional sources, narratives about World War I were illustrated, which gradually changed in the 1930s. The ideology and activities of the state in the field of historical policy actively from 1932–1933 displaced negative ideas about the war, suppressed anti-war movements and pacifist sentiments in British society. The strengthening of the state’s influence on the British Legion testified to its subordination to the official agenda, which allowed the ruling circles to use veterans in the implementation of domestic and foreign policy (to develop international contacts, influence public opinion). Conclusion. The value of the research lies in the introduction into scientific circulation of the materials of the British press as historical sources that allow us to trace the gradual weakening of the role of veterans’ organizations in the field of memory about World War I by the middle of 1930s, and the strengthening of the influence of the state in this regard. The correlation of official and public (veteran) narratives in historical memory is shown.
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Žygaitienė, Birutė, e Evelina Buivydaitė. "A Teacher of Technological Education in Lithuania, Great Britain and Finland. What is She Like?" Pedagogika 129, n.º 1 (25 de abril de 2018): 268–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2018.18.
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The aim of the article is to compare the curricular of technology education and requirements for a technology education teacher in the analysed countries. The following conclusions have been made:
1. The conceptions of technological education in Lithuania, Great Britain and Finland are closely related to the aspects of integrity with other study subjects and the aim to prepare learners for successful adaptation in society. During lessons of technologies in Lithuania the modules of nutrition, textile, constructive materials, electronics and design are learnt. The lessons of design and technologies in Great Britain include innovative project learning of digital and engineering technologies and school learners study textile, constructive materials, design and nutrition.
During lessons of household economics in Finland, personal school learners’ qualities are developed while learning modules of nutrition and textile, whereas the subject-specific content of household economics is not emphasised. The aspect of technology modules is highlighted in the lessons of technologies and design and technologies, whereas that of social education is observed in household economics.
2. The requirements imposed on teachers of technological education in the analysed countries include excellent subject-specific, pedagogical and psychological preparation, ability to help school students to build up their value-based attitudes on the basis of the personal value system of an educator and ability to cooperate and work in teams. The research revealed the following differences: Finnish teachers are required to creatively implement curriculum, to be able to ensure tolerance-based education in the multicultural environment and to develop school students’ entrepreneurship skills; implementation of scientific research activities in the process of education and integration of information communication technologies are important to Finnish and Lithuanian teachers. The requirements to teachers in Great Britain are similar to those imposed on teachers in the other analysed countries.
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Pedraza-Bailey, Silvia. "Immigration Research: A Conceptual Map". Social Science History 14, n.º 1 (1990): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200020642.
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A veritable boom in immigration research has taken place in the last 15 years. The purpose of this article is to provide a conceptual map, a way of presenting the issues and approaches that pertain to the topic, to guide us through the vast territory immigration research now encompasses. As this boundless growth in immigration research has occurred across the social sciences, this review of the literature is not intended to be exhaustive but merely illustrative of what sociologists, historians, and anthropologists have contributed. Since America is the quintessentially immigrant society, the focus is on American immigration, but the theoretical issues this review highlights can be applied equally well to other societies with histories of immigration and racial or ethnic relations, such as Great Britain or Brazil. Increasingly, immigration research is one of the topics where sociologists and historians meet (research on revolutions is another), although they meet in much the same fashion that one sometimes arrives at a party and is much surprised to find out who else is there. Our common research interests increasingly bring us together, although not without a fair amount of surprise and trepidation.
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Khakhalkina, Elena. "Windrush Generation in the Context of the Modern Development of Multiracial Great Britain". Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n.º 6 (2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640018792-9.
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The author focuses on events related to the understanding of the role and place of immigrants from the West-India in modern multiracial society in Britain that have been largely unexplored in Russian historical scholarship. The first part of the article provides a brief historical outline relating to the arrival in the United Kingdom in 1948 of the ship “Empire Windrush”, which symbolised the beginning of mass immigration into the country. The second part of the article analyses the parliamentary discussions on the commemorative events of the 70th anniversary and the social and political scandal that arose on the eve of the celebration. The author pays particular attention to clarifying the controversial question in the political discourse in the United Kingdom as to what the true reason was for the surge of immigration from colonies and countries that gained their sovereign status after the Second World War. The third part provides an overview of the settlement of the scandal and the problem of monetary compensation to the affected citizens. Sources include debates in both Houses of Parliament, Cabinet documents, and statistical data. Historical-genetic, comparative and structural-functional analysis became the research methods. The author concludes that the wide public and political resonance of the anniversary celebrations and all related events reflects the complexity and multifaceted nature of the problem of migrant integration and the reconfiguration of the existing model of national identity of Great Britain, the “outlier” element of which is the attitude towards the colonial and post-colonial past of the country. Against the backdrop of debates in Parliament, there was a demand from various ethnic groups, including those represented in the political establishment, for recognition of their real contribution to the development of the United Kingdom, an inclusive environment, and multiracial diversity. The outlined topics clarify the features of the migration picture in Great Britain and bring about an understanding of fundamental questions about the essence of British identity.
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de Roest, Henk. "The Precarious Church: Developing Congregations in an Individualized Society". Ecclesiology 4, n.º 2 (2008): 204–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174413608x308627.
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AbstractThis article discusses the social phenomenon of shrinking face-to-face organizations and the so-called 'decline of long-term commitment' of late modern populations and the consequences for Christian community formation. Social and organizational bonds are precarious, as research in such diverse contexts as Great Britain, The Netherlands and The United States seems to indicate. In each of these contexts the results of empirical data are subject to sociological dispute and the question with regard to the direction of the developments remains open. Will Christians (paraphrasing Putnam's study on social bonds in America) end up 'worshipping alone'? In that case, what might the theological consequences be? Can there be communio cum Christo without community? Are communal 'carriers of faith' a necessity? The author discusses this question and argues that 'believing without belonging' is a dead-end route for the church. In the last section of the article four ideal-typical church-concepts, reminiscent of the Weber-Troeltsch distinction of 'church' and 'sect', are outlined of which the contours are emerging in each of the different contexts. The concepts serve heuristic purposes, located between the polarities: 'individual and community', 'freedom and bonds'.
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Nahm, Michael. "A History of the (Attempted) Institutionalization of Parapsychology". Journal of Scientific Exploration 34, n.º 4 (24 de dezembro de 2020): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/20201953.
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In addition to an introduction, the present book contains 14 chapters. Most of them represent elaborated text versions of contributions that were presented by the authors at a (nearly) eponymous conference held in Freiburg, Germany, on the 17.10.2014. As the book title announces, the chapter authors trace the development of parapsychological research in different countries. Usually they focusing on the more or usually less successful attempts to academicize and institutionalize parapsychology as a legitimate scientific discipline, but sometimes they cover also related aspects. The chapters include historical parapsychological treatises for Germany (Ulrich Linse, Anna Lux, Uwe Schellinger, Martin Schneider, Bernd Wedemeyer-Kolwe) including the GDR (Andreas Anton, Ina Schmied-Knittel, Michael Schetsche), France (Renaud Evrard), Great Britain (Elizabeth Valentine), Hungary (Júlia Gyimesi), the Netherlands (Ingrid Kloosterman), Russia in the Soviet and post-Soviet area (Birgit Menzel), and the USA (Eberhard Bauer, Anna Lux). The four chapters covering France, Great Britain, Hungary, and the Netherlands are written in English, the others in German. In the following, will briefly touch upon topics I found most interesting.
Anna Lux from the university in Freiburg, Germany, identified several characteristic aspects of academic parapsychological work in Germany and compared them with those in the USA, which took place at about the same time and were more strongly focused on the experimental paradigm. She shows how different social circumstances and also private predilections of the main actors involved resulted in different developments. This also applies to the fate of parapsychology in the other countries mentioned, which is surprisingly multifaceted: While in the Netherlands the situation with official professorships at the University of Utrecht can be compared most closely to that of Germany where Hans Bender (1907-1991) held a professorship at the university of Freiburg, the academization of parapsychology in Hungary was hindered by an influential spiritualist and religious social current. In France, however, comparable efforts were mainly impeded by continued opposition of established scientists. After all, the private research institute “Institute Métapsychique International” (IMI) was founded in France in 1919, which has survived to this day despite adverse circumstances. Great Britain has always played a special role in Western parapsychology, mainly due to the foundation of the “Society for Psychical Research” as early as 1882, which is still considered an international figurehead for a constructive and critical examination of parapsychological topics. However, in Great Britain existed several other societies and “institutes”, which were often small and short-lived. It was not until 1985 that parapsychological research was able to gain a foothold at a British university for the first time through an endowed professorship in Edinburgh, held by Robert Morris (1942–2004) until 2004. From here, numerous graduates were able to carry the work on parapsychological research questions further to other universities.
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Jackson, Alvin. "Unionist Politics and Protestant Society in Edwardian Ireland". Historical Journal 33, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1990): 839–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00013789.
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Like the ‘Tory in clogs’ of Edwardian Britain, the Unionist working man has generally eluded the historian of modern Ireland. Indeed, to some extent, the image of Irish Unionism, whether popular or scholarly, has been supplied by the apologetic biographers of the ‘great men’ of loyalism, and by the rhetoric of political opponents like Michael Farrell: at any rate the historiography of the movement is peopled with irredentist squires and Anglo-Irish peers, bowler-hatted Orange artisans – Engel's ‘Protestant brag-garts’ – and cynical industrial barons. The existence of a more popular Unionism is acknowledged, though only in a context (the militancy of 1912, the bravura of 12 July marches) when it may not be ignored: even so, as with an older scholarly attitude towards popular British toryism, there has been a tendency among historians to treat mass Unionism as a freak of progress, demanding apologetic explanation rather than sustained illumination. With the institutions of popular Conservatism now, after thirty years of historical research, a firm feature of the British historical landscape, the need to reveal something of the electoral base of Ulster Unionism is all the more apparent. This is particularly true of the rural hinterland of the loyalist movement which, even more than Belfast, has been the victim of neglect.
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Gray, Peter. "Was the Great Irish Famine a Colonial Famine?" East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 8, n.º 1 (28 de abril de 2021): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/ewjus643.
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This article reviews the historical debate on the colonial causation and dimensions of the Great Irish Famine of 1845-50. It does so by briefly reviewing the evolution of the colonial relationship between Great Britain and Ireland before focusing on a number of specific fields of debate relating to the coloniality of the Irish famine. These include the economic structures and dynamics developing over the century before 1845 and the vulnerability of Irish society, the vector of the potato blight and its impact on food availability, and, most extensively, the motivations for and characteristics of British state response to the catastrophe. The variant interpretations of these factors in the nationalist, revisionist, post-revisionist, and post-colonial historiography are reviewed. The author concludes by drawing on his own primary research to suggest that, while shaped by colonial stereotypes and a preoccupation with social engineering, the British state and public response to the Irish crisis was varied and not intentionally genocidal, although ultimately subordinating humanitarianism to perceived British national interest. Critical British contemporaries drew negative parallels between the neglect of Ireland and the prioritization of imperial expansion overseas, while Irish nationalists concluded that the mortality of the famine demonstrated the bankruptcy of the British-Irish Union of 1800.
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Rice, Louis. "The Nature of Society: Enmapping Nature, Space and Society into a Town-green Hybrid". Culture Unbound 6, n.º 5 (1 de outubro de 2014): 981–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.146981.
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The paper describes the transformation of derelict land into a ‘town-green’ and the role legislation played in transforming social and natural relationships. Town-green denotes a legal status under the Great Britain Commons Act (2006) that protects certain open spaces from building development; the status requires that a space must simultaneously have a specific social quality (i.e. ‘town-ness’) and a specific natural quality (i.e. ‘green-ness‘). This hybrid condition requires an alliance between society and nature in a certain configuration (referred to here as nature2 and society2). In this empirical study it involved the participation and consensus of local residents, volunteer gardeners as well as nature itself; flowers needed to bloom and grass had to grow in order for the hybrid town-green status to be conferred. There are two distinct phases of this transformation; the first is the change in identities and configuration of the constituents of town and green. This involved the production of a modified ‘real’ world with: different plants and flowers; reconfigured spatial arrangements; as well as different social actors. The second phase is a shift from changes in the ‘real’ world towards an ‘enmap’ – a displacement of myriad actors into documentation. This transfer from a complex messy reality into an enmap permitted the legitimation of the new network to be accepted as a ‘town-green’. What the research reveals, other than hints for gardeners and community activists, is how material and non-material; social and natural; spatial, discursive and temporal worlds are hybridised.
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Khan, B. Zorina. "Inventing Prizes: A Historical Perspective on Innovation Awards and Technology Policy". Business History Review 89, n.º 4 (2015): 631–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680515001014.
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Prizes for innovations are currently experiencing a renaissance, following their marked decline during the nineteenth century. Debates about such incentive mechanisms tend to employ canonical historical anecdotes to motivate and support the analysis and policy proposals. Daguerre's “patent buyout,” the Longitude Prize, inducement prizes for butter substitutes and billiard balls, the activities of the Royal Society of Arts and other “encouragement” institutions—all comprise potentially misleading case studies. The article surveys and summarizes extensive empirical research using samples drawn from Britain, France, and the United States, including “great inventors” and their ordinary counterparts, and prizes at industrial exhibitions. The results suggest that administered systems of rewards to innovators suffered from a number of disadvantages in design and practice, which might be inherent to their nonmarket orientation.
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Hearn, A. G. "Electronic Publishing: Now and the Future". Highlights of Astronomy 11, n.º 1 (1998): 497–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600021870.
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Electronic publishing of journals has already arrived, and is established. The Astrophysical Journal and Letters, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplements and New Astronomy have been publishing a parallel electronic edition since the beginning of 1997. Astronomy and Astrophysics will follow in 1998, and the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society are being developed. The American Astronomical Society has been the leader in developing electronic publishing in astrophysics. They have led not only by being first, but also by the high standards of their electronic publication.One of the stories that school children in Great Britain learn at an early age is about King Canute II. Canute was a Danish king who ruled part of what is now Great Britain from 1016 to 1035. He is famous because he sat bythe sea as the tide was coming in and commanded the tide to go back. It didnot.Electronic publication is going to bring many changes to the way research is done and published. There are obvious advantages and disadvantages. There are certainly problems which we have not yet realized. The purpose of this Joint Discussion is to stimulate a discussion of what the international astrophysical community would like from electronic publishing. Please do not say that you want electronic publishing to go away, because then you will be behaving like King Canute. But the publishers of journals and the bodies responsible for maintaining the quality of publication are feeling their way into completely new territory. To exploit electronic publishing to the full, and to minimize the disadvantages, discussion in the community is needed.Electronic publishing will bring great connectivity into journals. While looking at one paper, a click on the mouse will immediately connect with another paper published in another journal. Large tables, theoretical or observational, will be read in the same way from databases. An electronic publication will longer be static. It can be modified to refer to papers published later, it can contain movies or computer programs that can be executed online.
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Długozima, Anna. "SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF BURIAL NATURE IN POLAND BY VOIVODSHIPS – CONDITIONS AND DIRECTIONS OF CHANGES". Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum 19, n.º 1 (16 de fevereiro de 2020): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/aspal.4382.
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Eurostat and the Central Statistical Office (GUS) forecasts predict that the demographic aging rate will have doubled by 2050. The consequence of this situation will be an increasing death rate and a dynamic increase in the demand for space for depositing corpses and remains. Nowadays, no research has been conducted on the social infrastructure of burial nature. That is why the aim of the research, which results presents this article, was to determine the resource in the aspect of mentioned above infrastructure by voivodeships (number and distribution of cemeteries, crematoria, number of deaths, new cemetery investments). This research has been based on the data provided by the Local Data Bank, Polish Funeral Association, the District Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations, National Heritage Board of Poland and the Cremation Society of Great Britain. The results indicate regional differences in the development of burial facilities. In addition, the research allowed to determine the conditions and changes in the aspect of functioning of cemeteries and crematoria in Poland.
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Novichenko, Irina. "Rochdale Pioneers: Myths and Facts". ISTORIYA 13, n.º 11 (121) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023121-2.
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The history of the Rochdale Pioneers, the founders of the consumer co-operatives in Great Britain, is repeated by all who turn to the history of the co-operative and labour movements. This “story” is always the same, researchers retell approximately the same facts. The article attempts to trace how the “typical story” about the Rochdale Pioneers developed in Russian and British historiography and how it is seen in the light of recent research. The documents of the “Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers” and the data from recent studies of British historians helped to consider the background of the event; the circumstances of the creation of the Society, the number of founding pioneers, their professional affiliation, age composition, adherence to Owenist and other socio-political ideas; relations with other cooperatives and authorities; the rules and objectives set out in the Statute of 1844 and subsequent statutes; the main directions of the Society's activity in 1844—1860s; the fate of the founding pioneers. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of the principles of the Rochdale co-operative system and to the efforts to preserve the heritage of the Pioneers.
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Hwang, Juneseo, e Hyunkyo Yu. "Environmental Cooperation as a Driver of ‘Low Politics’ in the Baltic Sea: An Actor-Based Analysis". Korean Society for European Integration 13, n.º 3 (30 de novembro de 2022): 331–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32625/kjei.2022.28.331.
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The geopolitical collision between the European Union (EU) and Russia is being heightened by the recent war between Russia and Ukraine. The former has financed Ukraine for self-defence and reinforced economic sanctions against Russia. In response, the latter has ceased energy exports to and increased the military strength in bordered areas with its European counterpart. As the war continues, the security tension intensified in the Black Sea diffuses to the Baltic Sea that the two great powers share. This research casted light on four types of organisations for ‘low politics’, which bridges Europe and Russia by addressing common agenda for the environment and public health. Those are intergovernmental organisations, city networks, civil society coalitions, and university networks. The study found that although these actors are not powerful enough to reshape the landscape of regional security politics, they contribute to confidence building in the long term and enhancing living standards through cross-border cooperation.
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Madu, Maria do Carmo, e Ana Cláudia Castilho Barone. "Dona Folô’s clothing: a non-free Creole, who carried jewelry and fine fabrics". Res Mobilis 12, n.º 16 (29 de julho de 2023): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/rm.13.16.2023.137-151.
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This article addresses the discussion presented to the Design, History and Society Annual Conference 2022 with the theme Design and Transience that took place in September 8th-10th 2022 at the Izmir Technological Institute, in Turkey. The objective was to present the transience of the social role occupied by Dona Folô in the period of Imperial Brazil, by carrying the Crioula Jewelry and wearing clothes made in fine fabrics – although she, as a slave, did not have possession of her freedom. With this research in progress, we aim to give visibility to the story of Dona Folô, while also wanting to talk about Crioula Jewelry and fabrics imported from Great Britain. As a result, we observed that the subject raised the interest of scholars and researchers who participated in the Conference.
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Long, J., R. Lathan, M. Sidapra, I. Chetter e S. Nandhra. "Do we need a UK vascular journal? Survey of multidisciplinary UK vascular specialists". journal of Vascular Societies Great Britain and Ireland 1, n.º 1 (24 de novembro de 2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54522/jvsgbi.2021.002.
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Background: Prior to the development of the Journal of Vascular Societies Great Britain & Ireland (JVSGBI), there were limited opportunities for UK based vascular health professionals to publish research relevant for UK vascular practice. A survey was developed to evaluate the appetite and potential infrastructure for a UK vascular journal amongst vascular healthcare professionals. Methods: In May 2020, an online questionnaire was administered by The Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland (VSGBI) Research Committee, surveying vascular health professionals regarding the development of a UK-specific vascular journal. The survey was disseminated via email to multi-disciplinary members of the vascular community with links promoted on social media. Results: Responses were received from 359 individuals identifying predominantly as surgeons (38%), nurses (8%), technologists (10%), radiologists (20%), trainees (10%), physiotherapists (7%) and other (7%). The majority of participants (67%) indicated they would be in favour of a UK-specific vascular journal and that it should be available as an online quarterly publication. Almost three quarters (74%) of respondents thought a subscription fee should be included in societies’ membership fees. Free text comments highlighted a few concerns, suggesting the focus should instead be to improve the quality of existing vascular journals. However, most respondents welcomed the idea of a journal relevant to UK practice, with inclusivity of all UK vascular professions to encourage more collaborative working. Conclusions: Overall, feedback collected from the survey was positive and suggested a demand for a UK-specific vascular journal, providing an indication that the development of such a journal should be further explored. The results of this survey helped to inform the development of the JVSGBI.
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Kuzmin, Dmitriy N., Nadezhda A. Kozhura e Diana A. Smirnova. "Mass media discourse as an innovative means of representing the image of China in the British media language". Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 2, n.º 25 (2021): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-2-25-41-47.
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Nowadays, mass-media discourse is a common object of study in various research works. This is connected with the fact that information and telecommunication technologies are developing at a fast pace. Mass media discourse is inseparable from society, that is, a large audience for whom information is transmitted in a simplified form.The media seeks to influence public consciousness through mass-media discourse, forming certain attitudes and values in the public mind. The aim of the study is to identify the main conceptual characteristics of China's image, as presented in the British mass media discourse. The research analyzes articles on political and economic issues about China published by the British media. By means of contextual, conceptual and semantic analysis the authors identify and describe such basic conceptual characteristics of China's image being formed in the British mass-media discourse, as China – a business partner of Great Britain, China – a threat to the global economy, China – a state with slowing down development. The first conceptual characteristic presents China as a state it is economically profitable to cooperate with. The second one, in turn, indicates that the state of its economy affects the situation in the world. As for the third characteristic, it describes China as a country with less progressive development. In addition, there is a semantic classification of the lexical units characterizing China, as well as a comparative analysis of the percentage of words and expressions used. These conceptual characteristics are expressed by such parts of speech as nounsadjectives, verbs and adverbs, as well as by verb phrases. The words and expressions used fully describe Great Britain, confirming the accuracy of the highlighted characteristics.
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Hawgood, Barbara J. "Sir Michael Foster MD FRS (1836–1907): the rise of the British school of physiology". Journal of Medical Biography 16, n.º 4 (novembro de 2008): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jmb.2008.008009.
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In 1867 William Sharpey (1802–80), Professor of General Anatomy and Physiology at University College, London, appointed Michael Foster to the unique post of Teacher of Practical Physiology; in Britain the study of experimental physiology was dormant. In 1870 Foster accepted a Praelectorship in Physiology at Trinity College, Cambridge, and soon established a school of physiology. He was the first Cambridge Professor of Physiology (1883–1903). Foster, a great teacher, had a remarkable ability to attract talented students and to inspire them to undertake research. He himself took inspiration from the scientific philosophy of Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–95) and of Claude Bernard (1813–78). Foster was active in the foundation of the Physiological Society (1876), and founded and edited the Journal of Physiology (1878). He was interested in the scientific training of medical students and wrote a highly lauded Text Book of Physiology (1877). Physiology became a profession in its own right and British physiologists were in the vanguard of research.