Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Représentation graphique des données"
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Magnan, Jean-Christophe. "Représentations graphiques de fonctions et processus décisionnels Markoviens factorisés". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066042/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn decision theoretic planning, the factored framework (Factored Markovian Decision Process, FMDP) has produced several efficient algorithms in order to resolve large sequential decision making under uncertainty problems. The efficiency of this algorithms relies on data structures such as decision trees or algebraïc decision diagrams (ADDs). These planification technics are exploited in Reinforcement Learning by the architecture SDyna in order to resolve large and unknown problems. However, state-of-the-art learning and planning algorithms used in SDyna require the problem to be specified uniquely using binary variables and/or to use improvable data structure in term of compactness. In this book, we present our research works that seek to elaborate and to use a new data structure more efficient and less restrictive, and to integrate it in a new instance of the SDyna architecture. In a first part, we present the state-of-the-art modeling tools used in the algorithms that tackle large sequential decision making under uncertainty problems. We detail the modeling using decision trees and ADDs. Then we introduce the Ordered and Reduced Graphical Representation of Function, a new data structure that we propose in this thesis to deal with the various problems concerning the ADDs. We demonstrate that ORGRFs improve on ADDs to model large problems. In a second part, we go over the resolution of large sequential decision under uncertainty problems using Dynamic Programming. After the introduction of the main algorithms, we see in details the factored alternative. We indicate the improvable points of these factored versions. We describe our new algorithm that improve on these points and exploit the ORGRFs previously introduced. In a last part, we speak about the use of FMDPs in Reinforcement Learning. Then we introduce a new algorithm to learn the new datastrcture we propose. Thanks to this new algorithm, a new instance of the SDyna architecture is proposed, based on the ORGRFs : the SPIMDDI instance. We test its efficiency on several standard problems from the litterature. Finally, we present some works around this new instance. We detail a new algorithm for efficient exploration-exploitation compromise management, aiming to simplify F-RMax. Then we speak about an application of SPIMDDI to the managements of units in a strategic real time video game
Jagtap, Surabhi. "Multilayer Graph Embeddings for Omics Data Integration in Bioinformatics". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST014.
Texto completo da fonteBiological systems are composed of interacting bio-molecules at different molecular levels. With the advent of high-throughput technologies, omics data at their respective molecular level can be easily obtained. These huge, complex multi-omics data can be useful to provide insights into the flow of information at multiple levels, unraveling the mechanisms underlying the biological condition of interest. Integration of different omics data types is often expected to elucidate potential causative changes that lead to specific phenotypes, or targeted treatments. With the recent advances in network science, we choose to handle this integration issue by representing omics data through networks. In this thesis, we have developed three models, namely BraneExp, BraneNet, and BraneMF, for learning node embeddings from multilayer biological networks generated with omics data. We aim to tackle various challenging problems arising in multi-omics data integration, developing expressive and scalable methods capable of leveraging rich structural semantics of realworld networks
Magnan, Jean-Christophe. "Représentations graphiques de fonctions et processus décisionnels Markoviens factorisés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066042.
Texto completo da fonteIn decision theoretic planning, the factored framework (Factored Markovian Decision Process, FMDP) has produced several efficient algorithms in order to resolve large sequential decision making under uncertainty problems. The efficiency of this algorithms relies on data structures such as decision trees or algebraïc decision diagrams (ADDs). These planification technics are exploited in Reinforcement Learning by the architecture SDyna in order to resolve large and unknown problems. However, state-of-the-art learning and planning algorithms used in SDyna require the problem to be specified uniquely using binary variables and/or to use improvable data structure in term of compactness. In this book, we present our research works that seek to elaborate and to use a new data structure more efficient and less restrictive, and to integrate it in a new instance of the SDyna architecture. In a first part, we present the state-of-the-art modeling tools used in the algorithms that tackle large sequential decision making under uncertainty problems. We detail the modeling using decision trees and ADDs. Then we introduce the Ordered and Reduced Graphical Representation of Function, a new data structure that we propose in this thesis to deal with the various problems concerning the ADDs. We demonstrate that ORGRFs improve on ADDs to model large problems. In a second part, we go over the resolution of large sequential decision under uncertainty problems using Dynamic Programming. After the introduction of the main algorithms, we see in details the factored alternative. We indicate the improvable points of these factored versions. We describe our new algorithm that improve on these points and exploit the ORGRFs previously introduced. In a last part, we speak about the use of FMDPs in Reinforcement Learning. Then we introduce a new algorithm to learn the new datastrcture we propose. Thanks to this new algorithm, a new instance of the SDyna architecture is proposed, based on the ORGRFs : the SPIMDDI instance. We test its efficiency on several standard problems from the litterature. Finally, we present some works around this new instance. We detail a new algorithm for efficient exploration-exploitation compromise management, aiming to simplify F-RMax. Then we speak about an application of SPIMDDI to the managements of units in a strategic real time video game
Barhoumi, Zaara. "Etude de l'usage du stylo numérique en recherche en sciences de l'éducation : traitement et représentation des données temps issues de la trace d'écriture avec un stylo numérique". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845673.
Texto completo da fonteJeria, Caceres Maria. "Représentations simultanées en analyse de données structurées : étude de diverses solutions". Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0059.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation deals with methods of structured data analysis in social sciences. It examines in detail non-symmetric binary square and ternary cubic tables in order to review the different representations of lines and collumns profiles in a same space. In those analyses a proeminent place is given to the french methods of data analysis. A comparison is made with mds, used by anglo-saxons in similar cases. We also compare the log-linear and linear models on a sociological set of secondary data. All those comparisons are based on a same single posterior method of interpretation. Both french and anglo-saxon methods produce geometric representations in a a euclidean framework whose interpretation is made in terms of distances along the line of research developed by the group mathematics and psychology around the language for interrogating data. Thus a request of this language generates a detailed visual exploration of the data in parallel with calculations of contributions and importances of effects (analysis of variance is here used as a post-factorial method). This strategy is used here not only for data exploration but also as a tool for comparing methods
Barhoumi, Zaara. "Etude de l’usage du stylo numérique en recherche en sciences de l’éducation : traitement et représentation des données temps issues de la trace d’écriture avec un stylo numérique". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DENS0015/document.
Texto completo da fonteScanning technology for handwritten data has reached its momentum after the invention of the digital pen. Research work focused on the development of HMI applications that facilitate digital ink data manipulation. In a research context, digital pen and paper technology is useful for collecting experimental data in various fields. Our goal is to provide support for the processing and the visualization of time stamped data collected by a digital pen in two cases of use : on one hand, in the educational science field, and especially for assessment tests and, on another hand, for taking observation notes. Our approach is to study these cases of use through four concrete experiences and to develop, with the participation of the user, prototypes for a system that aid to process and to visualize collected data. In order to abstract a general model of such a system, we analyzed prototypes user interfaces in terms of functionality, visualization and interaction. Our model describes the visualization process by implementing three types of user tasks namely analytic tasks, handling tasks and interaction tasks
Segalerba, Maria Guadalupe. "Métalangage et représentation graphique comme manifestations de la représentation mentale de la musique". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040113.
Texto completo da fonteOur purpose is here to observe the verbal & graphical representations of a melody as the image of its mental representation: verbal & graphical representations of the melody are considered here as tools enabling us to detect the evidence of a cognitive process. The teaching of the melody notation is studied in two different educational situations: within general musical teaching and in a music school. With not-musicians children, meta-language should be considered as a complement of the spontaneous graphical expressions that emerge following a short musical piece. We will characterize the degree of inscription in temporality of these spontaneous graphical expressions. With children of music schools, such a meta-language is considered as a mediator allowing an easier resolution of the tasks required by musical teaching. We therefore develop the idea that the existence of such a mental representation of the melody, which takes support on a verbal representation (meta-language), improves the efficiency of the teaching of musical notation. This process facilitates the transition of a primary mode of musical knowledge, (vocal execution) to a graphical representation of the music
Gonzalez, Ignacio. "Analyse canonique régularisée pour des données fortement multidimensionnelles". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/99/.
Texto completo da fonteMotivated by the study of relationships between gene expressions and other biological variables, our work consists in presenting and developing a methodology answering this problem. Among the statistical methods treating this subject, Canonical Analysis (CA) seemed well adapted, but the high dimension is at present one of the major obstacles for the statistical techniques of analysis data coming from microarrays. Typically the axis of this work was the research of solutions taking into account this crucial aspect in the implementation of the CA. Among the approaches considered to handle this problem, we were interested in the methods of regularization. The method developed here, called Regularised Canonical Analysis (RCA), is based on the principle of ridge regularization initially introduced in multiple linear regression. RCA needing the choice of two parameters of regulation for its implementation, we proposed the method of M-fold cross-validation to handle this problem. We presented in detail RCA applications to high multidimensional data coming from genomic studies as well as to data coming from other domains. Among other we were interested in a visualization of the data in order to facilitate the interpretation of the results. For that purpose, we proposed some graphical methods: representations of variables (correlations graphs), representations of individuals as well as alternative representations as networks and heatmaps. .
Fiori, Sandra. "Le représentation graphique dans la conception du projet d'éclairage urbain". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00399027.
Texto completo da fonteParent, Marc Philippe. "Un formalisme graphique de représentation de contraintes sémantiques pour UML". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25276/25276.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAchouri, Abdelghani. "Extraction de relations d'associations maximales dans les textes : représentation graphique". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6132/1/030374207.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAgarwal, Navneet. "Autοmated depressiοn level estimatiοn : a study οn discοurse structure, input representatiοn and clinical reliability". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC215.
Texto completo da fonteGiven the severe and widespread impact of depression, significant research initiatives have been undertaken to define systems for automated depression assessment. The research presented in this dissertation revolves around the following questions that remain relatively unexplored despite their relevance within automated depression assessment domain; (1) the role of discourse structure in mental health analysis, (2) the relevance of input representation towards the predictive abilities of neural network models, and (3) the importance of domain expertise in automated depression detection.The dyadic nature of patient-therapist interviews ensures the presence of a complex underlying structure within the discourse. Within this thesis, we first establish the importance of therapist questions within the neural network model's input, before showing that a sequential combination of patient and therapist input is a sub-optimal strategy. Consequently, Multi-view architectures are proposed as a means of incorporating the discourse structure within the learning process of neural networks. Experimental results with two different text encodings show the advantages of the proposed multi-view architectures, validating the relevance of retaining discourse structure within the model's training process.Having established the need to retain the discourse structure within the learning process, we further explore graph based text representations. The research conducted in this context highlights the impact of input representations not only in defining the learning abilities of the model, but also in understanding their predictive process. Sentence Similarity Graphs and Keyword Correlation Graphs are used to exemplify the ability of graphical representations to provide varying perspectives of the same input, highlighting information that can not only improve the predictive performance of the models but can also be relevant for medical professionals. Multi-view concept is also incorporated within the two graph structures to further highlight the difference in the perspectives of the patient and the therapist within the same interview. Furthermore, it is shown that visualization of the proposed graph structures can provide valuable insights indicative of subtle changes in patient and therapist's behavior, hinting towards the mental state of the patient.Finally, we highlight the lack of involvement of medical professionals within the context of automated depression detection based on clinical interviews. As part of this thesis, clinical annotations of the DAIC-WOZ dataset were performed to provide a resource for conducting interdisciplinary research in this field. Experiments are defined to study the integration of the clinical annotations within the neural network models applied to symptom-level prediction task within the automated depression detection domain. Furthermore, the proposed models are analyzed in the context of the clinical annotations to analogize their predictive process and psychological tendencies with those of medical professionals, a step towards establishing them as reliable clinical tools
Prudhomme, Elie. "Représentation et fouille de données volumineuses". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20048/document.
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Maréchal, Chrystelle. "Etudes d'étymologie graphique chinoise à la lumière de données comparatives". Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0002.
Texto completo da fonteSlimani, Yahya. "Structures de données et langages non-procéduraux en informatique graphique". Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10002.
Texto completo da fonteJean, Villerd. "Représentations visuelles adaptatives de connaissances associant projection multidimensionnelle (MDS) et analyse de concepts formels (FCA)". Paris, ENMP, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004559.
Texto completo da fonteInformation retrieval tools are faced with the constant increase of data both in volume and in dimensionality and the traditional list of results no longer meet many applications' requirements. New visual representation techniques are needed. These new techniques have to provide an overview of large and multidimensional data sets that gives insights into the underlying trends and structures. They must also be able to represent, in detail, portions of the original data from different standpoints. The aim is to assist the user in her data exploration task by designing a shrewd link between general and local views, that maintains her mental map. In order to achieve this goal, we develop a combination of data analysis techniques that identify pertinent portions of data as well as information visualization techniques that intuitively and dynamically explore these portions of data in detail. In addition, a formalization of the visualization process is needed. We introduce a formal frame that is used to specify visualizations from data structures. Concretely, the solution proposed is an original navigation method that combines techniques from Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) and Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) visualization approaches to suggest navigation paths in the data. This method is based on the "overview + detail" paradigm: One component is an overall view which summarises the underlying structure of the data. A second component is a local view showing an element of the overall view in detail. We take advantage of the classification skills of the Galois lattice by using it as the overall view that reveals the inner data structure and suggests possible navigation paths. The local view uses Multi-Dimensional Scaling to display the objects in the extent of a selected concept. We illustrate and discuss the pertinence of our method on concrete data sets, provided by our industrial partners, and show how hybridisation of FCA and traditional data visualization approaches, which have sometimes been considered distinct or incompatible, can be complementary
Gimenez, Lucile. "Outils numériques pour la reconstruction et l'analyse sémantique de représentations graphiques de bâtiments". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080047.
Texto completo da fonteMany buildings have to undergo major renovation to comply with regulations and environmental challenges. The BIM (Building Information Modeling) helps designers to make better-informed decisions, and results in more optimal energy-efficient designs. Such advanced design approaches require 3D digital models. However such models are not available for existing buildings. The aim of our work is to develop a method to generate 3D building models from existing buildings at low cost and in a reasonable time. We have chosen to work with 2D scanned plans. We assume that it is possible to find a paper plan for most buildings even if it is not always up-to-date and if the recognition quality is also dependent to the plan. The automatic reconstruction of a BIM from a paper plan is based on the extraction and identification of 3 main components: geometry (element shape), topology (links between elements) and semantics (object properties). During this process, some errors are generated which cannot be automatically corrected. This is why, we propose a novel approach based on punctual and guided human interventions to automatically identify and propose correction choices to the user to avoid error propagation.We describe the developed methodology to convert semi-automatically a 2D scanned plan into a BIM. A result analysis is done on 90 images. The following works is focused on the process genericity to test its robustness, the challenge of moving to scale and the multi-level management. The results highlight the pertinence of the error classification, identification and choices made to the user. The process is flexible in order to be completed by others data sources
Brossier, Gildas. "Problèmes de représentation de données par des arbres". Rennes 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN20014.
Texto completo da fonteFirst, we begin by studying the properties of distance tables associated with tree-representations, and the relation between these distances. Then we define ordered representations, construct a class of ordering algorithms and study their optimal properties under different conditions. The decomposition properties of distance tables allow us to construct fast algorithms for representations with some optimal properties we extend results when data are asymmetry matrices. Last of all we show in the case of rectangular matrices the necessary and sufficient conditions for the simultaneous representations of two sets of data. When conditions are not satisfied we propose some approximation algorithms
Lefrère, Laurent. "Contribution au développement d'outils pour l'analyse automatique de documents cartographiques". Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES045.
Texto completo da fonteRoman, Marie-Laure. "Le dessin d'enfant, un malentendu graphique ? : Logique de la représentation et processus de subjectivation". Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30021.
Texto completo da fonteIn a psychotherapy, drawing pictures the sketch of an inconscious representation mobilised by the “trait unaire” (Lacan). The child, though successive tentative efforts, uses it to build up then unbuild the representations which fill him, and turn into dialectisation in the supposed request of the Other One. Through the effort of sense which he arouses, and the words that make him ask questions, drawing inscribes itself as the support of subversion that develops subjectivity. When the surrounding prove to be failing, the process of becoming a person is therefore adulterated. The child is then unable to symbolize the pictures which fill him as support oh the Other One's desire. The risle lies in the impossible dialectisation between the ideal ego and the ego ideal. Involved in transference processes the child reproduces what creates a stasis according to him, and which he can't integrate into though, therefore into language. From what has just been said, the treatment will be the place for starting again the process of becoming a subject. From the symptom to the “sinthome” (J. Lacan) the child thus the expression of his first thought of existence, he becomes his own author
Maton, Éric. "Représentation graphique et pensée managériales : le cas de la Harvard Business Review de 1922 à 1999". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003632.
Texto completo da fonteGimenez, Lucile. "Outils numériques pour la reconstruction et l'analyse sémantique de représentations graphiques de bâtiments". Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080047.
Texto completo da fonteMany buildings have to undergo major renovation to comply with regulations and environmental challenges. The BIM (Building Information Modeling) helps designers to make better-informed decisions, and results in more optimal energy-efficient designs. Such advanced design approaches require 3D digital models. However such models are not available for existing buildings. The aim of our work is to develop a method to generate 3D building models from existing buildings at low cost and in a reasonable time. We have chosen to work with 2D scanned plans. We assume that it is possible to find a paper plan for most buildings even if it is not always up-to-date and if the recognition quality is also dependent to the plan. The automatic reconstruction of a BIM from a paper plan is based on the extraction and identification of 3 main components: geometry (element shape), topology (links between elements) and semantics (object properties). During this process, some errors are generated which cannot be automatically corrected. This is why, we propose a novel approach based on punctual and guided human interventions to automatically identify and propose correction choices to the user to avoid error propagation.We describe the developed methodology to convert semi-automatically a 2D scanned plan into a BIM. A result analysis is done on 90 images. The following works is focused on the process genericity to test its robustness, the challenge of moving to scale and the multi-level management. The results highlight the pertinence of the error classification, identification and choices made to the user. The process is flexible in order to be completed by others data sources
Boullé, Marc. "Recherche d'une représentation des données efficace pour la fouille des grandes bases de données". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003023.
Texto completo da fonteSassi, Salma. "Le système ICOP : représentation, visualisation et communication de l'information à partir d'une représentation iconique des données". Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0064/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteInformation systems are in continuous development since their creation. Using these systems offers the possibility to information access and treatment. Although, the general operation is always the same: gathering non-described, unreferenced, and unoriginal data, as well as the difficulty in accessing updated data. . . We do not know where the searched information is, or who created it. The time and the number of intermediate persons that are necessary for data search, reduce the circulation of information. This is true in all domains including the medical domain. The communication of shared and temporal information remains an important problem. Our study on current systems showed three main limitations that increase the information dispersal on the same domain. The first problem is that the current interfaces do not correspond to user needs and work. The second problem is that some of information systems do not communicate. This makes impossible to generate an overall view of the information which are connected to the same project. Finally the third problem concerns the information access that requires the access to diverse resources. These last ones are generally heterogeneous within the syntax or semantic level. Complex ontologies containing thousands of terms are created to resolve the semantic conflicts. Nevertheless, the syntax and the unique data structure remain a difficult problem to be resolved. Essentially, our contribution consists in cooperating heterogeneous information systems. For this reason, we propose semantic mediation architecture. Domain meta-ontology and task meta-ontology are associated to assure the information sources convergence. We also use annotations and metadata that facilitate the information resources description in order to make correspondences between them, to resolve conflicts and finally to exploit the data themselves. The second part of our contribution concerns a new tool of graphic and chronological visualization. This system allows to represent on a temporal component the information related to a given domain, and also to show the needed and the authorized information to the user. We develop these proposals by illustrating them in an application domain that presents many complexity factors: medical information systems. Our proposals were validated throughout two prototypes development: the OR (Object Reconstruction) prototype and the Travel’In prototype
Muhlenbach, Fabrice. "Evaluation de la qualité de la représentation en fouille de données". Lyon 2, 2002. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/muhlenbach_f.
Texto completo da fonteKnowledge discovery tries to produce novel and usable knowledge from the databases. In this whole process, data mining is the crucial machine learning step but we must asked some questions first: how can we have an a priori idea of the way of the labels of the class attribute are separable or not? How can we deal with databases where some examples are mislabeled? How can we transform continuous predictive attributes in discrete ones in a supervised way by taking into account the global information of the data ? We propose some responses to these problems. Our solutions take advantage of the properties of geometrical tools: the neighbourhood graphs. The neighbourhood between examples projected in a multidimensional space gives us a way of characterising the likeness between the examples to learn. We develop a statistical test based on the weight of edges that we must suppress from a neighbourhood graph for having only subgraphs of a unique class. This gives information about the a priori class separability. This work is carried on in the context of the detection of examples from a database that have doubtful labels: we propose a strategy for removing and relabeling these doubtful examples from the learning set to improve the quality of the resulting predictive model. These researches are extended in the special case of a continuous class to learn: we present a structure test to predict this kind of variable. Finally, we present a supervised polythetic discretization method based on the neighbourhood graphs and we show its performances by using it with a new supervised machine learning algorithm
Magaud, Nicolas. "Changements de Représentation des Données dans le Calcul des Constructions". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005903.
Texto completo da fontepreuves formelles en théorie des types. Nous traitons cette question
lors de l'étude
de la correction du programme de calcul de la racine carrée de GMP.
A partir d'une description formelle, nous construisons
un programme impératif avec l'outil Correctness. Cette description
prend en compte tous les détails de l'implantation, y compris
l'arithmétique de pointeurs utilisée et la gestion de la mémoire.
Nous étudions aussi comment réutiliser des preuves formelles lorsque
l'on change la représentation concrète des données.
Nous proposons un outil qui permet d'abstraire
les propriétés calculatoires associées à un type inductif dans
les termes de preuve.
Nous proposons également des outils pour simuler ces propriétés
dans un type isomorphe. Nous pouvons ainsi passer, systématiquement,
d'une représentation des données à une autre dans un développement
formel.
Thomopoulos, Rallou. "Représentation et interrogation élargie de données imprécises et faiblement structurées". Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAP0018.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is part of a project applied to predictive microbiology, which is built on a database and on its querying system. The data used in the project are weakly structured, they may be imprecise, and cannot provide exact answers to every query, so that a flexible querying system is necessary for the querying of the database. We use the conceptual graph model in order to take into account weakly structured data, and fuzzy set theory, in order to represent imprecise data and fuzzy queries. The purpose of this work is to provide a combination of these two formalisms
Gaillard, Jeremy. "Représentation et échange de données tridimensionnelles géolocalisées de la ville". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2023/document.
Texto completo da fonteAdvances in 3D data acquisition techniques (laser scanning, photography, etc.) has led to a sharp increase in the quantity of available 3D geolocated data. More and more cities provide the scanned data on open access platforms. To ensure the intercompatibility of different data sources, standards have been developed for exchange protocols and file formats. Moreover, thanks to new web standards and the increase in processing power of personal devices, it is now possible to integrate rich content, such as 3D applications, directly in a web page. These two elements make it possible to share and exploit 3D city data into a web browser.The subject of my thesis, co-financed by the Oslandia company, is the 3D representation of city data on the Web. More precisely, the goal is to retrieve and visualize a great quantity of city data from one or several distant servers in a thin client. This data is heterogenous: it can be 3D representations of buildings (meshes) or terrain (height maps), but also semantic information such as pollution levels (volume data), the position of bike stations (points) and their availability, etc. During my thesis, I explored various ways of organising this data in generic structures in order to allow the progressive transmission of high volumes of 3D data. Taking into account the multiscale nature of the city is a key element in the design of these structures. Adapting the visualisation of the data to the user is another important objective of my thesis. Because of the high number of uses of 3D city models, the user’s needs vary greatly: some specific areas are of higher interest, data has to be represented in a certain way... I explore different methods to satisfy these needs, either by priroritising some data over others during the loading stage, or by generating personalised scenesbased on a set of preferences defined by the user
Poussevin, Mickael. "Apprentissage de représentation pour des données générées par des utilisateurs". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066040/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we study how representation learning methods can be applied to user-generated data. Our contributions cover three different applications but share a common denominator: the extraction of relevant user representations. Our first application is the item recommendation task, where recommender systems build user and item profiles out of past ratings reflecting user preferences and item characteristics. Nowadays, textual information is often together with ratings available and we propose to use it to enrich the profiles extracted from the ratings. Our hope is to extract from the textual content shared opinions and preferences. The models we propose provide another opportunity: predicting the text a user would write on an item. Our second application is sentiment analysis and, in particular, polarity classification. Our idea is that recommender systems can be used for such a task. Recommender systems and traditional polarity classifiers operate on different time scales. We propose two hybridizations of these models: the former has better classification performance, the latter highlights a vocabulary of surprise in the texts of the reviews. The third and final application we consider is urban mobility. It takes place beyond the frontiers of the Internet, in the physical world. Using authentication logs of the subway users, logging the time and station at which users take the subway, we show that it is possible to extract robust temporal profiles
Poussevin, Mickael. "Apprentissage de représentation pour des données générées par des utilisateurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066040.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we study how representation learning methods can be applied to user-generated data. Our contributions cover three different applications but share a common denominator: the extraction of relevant user representations. Our first application is the item recommendation task, where recommender systems build user and item profiles out of past ratings reflecting user preferences and item characteristics. Nowadays, textual information is often together with ratings available and we propose to use it to enrich the profiles extracted from the ratings. Our hope is to extract from the textual content shared opinions and preferences. The models we propose provide another opportunity: predicting the text a user would write on an item. Our second application is sentiment analysis and, in particular, polarity classification. Our idea is that recommender systems can be used for such a task. Recommender systems and traditional polarity classifiers operate on different time scales. We propose two hybridizations of these models: the former has better classification performance, the latter highlights a vocabulary of surprise in the texts of the reviews. The third and final application we consider is urban mobility. It takes place beyond the frontiers of the Internet, in the physical world. Using authentication logs of the subway users, logging the time and station at which users take the subway, we show that it is possible to extract robust temporal profiles
Maton, Eric. "Représentation graphique et pensée managériale, le cas de la Harvard Business Review de 1922 à 1999". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003632.
Texto completo da fonteMokrane, Abdenour. "Représentation de collections de documents textuels : application à la caractérisation thématique". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20162.
Texto completo da fonteNgo, Khanh Hieu. "Aide au développement de systèmes temps réel à l'aide d'un langage graphique flots de données". Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Ngo-Khanh/2008-Ngo-Khanh-These.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe development of an embedded or a real-time system requires several steps which would be staggered in different time interval, and in such a way that they are frequently iterative. DARTS (Design Approach for Real-Time Systems) is a software design method for real-time systems. LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) is a graphical application development environment based on the dataflow representation of the “G” language. The objective of this thesis focuses on the DARTS method, and on the software life-cycle in W (an extension of the classical software life-cycle in V). DARTSVIEW Toolkit is a helpful tool for the DARTS development of control-command applications which allows the designer to represent a DARTS diagrams directly in LabVIEW in order to test the functional aspect of the system in the first V of the life-cycle in W, and to generate a part of the code for different specific programming languages or real-time scheduling analysis tools for the validation of the timing requirements in the second V of the software life-cycle in W
Khoumeri, El-Hadi. "Représentation des données spatiales à différents niveaux d'abstraction : application à l'archéoastronomie". Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00188500.
Texto completo da fonteLes producteurs de cartes maintiennent de façon identique une base de donnée par gamme d'échelle sans aucune inter-relation. De ce fait, outre les problèmes classiques de la redondance des données, et l'impossibilité de la propagation des mises à jour, le contrôle des cohérences est rendu très difficile. Pour maintenir la cohérence et éviter les redondances, la solution idéale serait une base de donnée où l'information géométrique est saisie à l'échelle la plus précise, et toutes les visualisations à des échelles moins précises seraient dérivées automatiquement à travers des processus de généralisation cartographique. Malheureusement cette dérivation ne peut être complètement automatisée. Par conséquent, le stockage explicite de plusieurs représentations de la géométrie des objets (une par échelle) s'impose. Néanmoins plusieurs solutions ont été mises en oeuvre pour parer aux inconvénients induits, dont la mise en oeuvre d'une base de donnée multi-échelle : une base de données où toutes les représentations requises coexistent et sont inter-reliées.
Nous présentons les besoins et les problèmes rencontrés par les spécialistes en SHS, en particulier nous mettons en évidence les problèmes soulevés dans le cadre d'une utilisation des SIG pour l'archéoastronomie, puis nous présentons les approches de résolution des problèmes ainsi que la présentation des concepts de base utilisés pour résoudre les problèmes mis en évidence. Les concepts précédents sont traités dans le cadre d'une conception orientée objets (COO). L'approche COO de la multi-représentation est basé sur une modélisation objet en UML. La validation des concepts précédents, est présenté à travers un exemple concret.
L'approche est illustrée par la réalisation du prototype logiciel GIS-3A sous Visual Basic ce qui permet d'une part d'implémenter les différentes notions en utilisant une conception orientée objets et d'autre part de faciliter l'intégration des ces notions dans un SIG (Arcview).
Khoumeri, El-Hadi. "Représentation de données spatiales à différents niveaux d'abstraction : application à l'archéoastronomie". Corte, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CORT3095.
Texto completo da fonteThe producers of maps maintain in an identical way a base of data by range of scale without any interrelationship. To maintain coherence and to avoid the redundancies, the ideal solution would be a base of data where geometrical information is seized on the most precise scale, and all visualizations on less precise scales would be derived automatically through processes of cartographic generalization. Unfortunately this derivation cannot be completely automated. Nevertheless several solutions were implemented to avoid the induced disadvantages, of which the implementation of a base of data multi-scale: a data base where all the necessary representations coexist and are interrelated. We present the needs and the problems encountered by the specialists in social sciences, in particular we highlight the problems raised within the framework of a use of the GIS for the archeaostronomy, and then we present the approaches of resolution of the problems as well as the presentation of the basic concepts used to solve the problems highlighted. The preceding concepts are treated in the framework of a object oriented design (OOD). Approach OOD of the multi-representation is based on a modelling object in UML. The validation of the preceding concepts is presented through a concrete example. The approach is illustrated by the realization of software prototype GIS-3A under Visual BASIC what makes it possible on the one hand to implement the various concepts by using a directed design objects and on the other hand to facilitate the integration of these concepts in a GIS
Daniel-Vatonne, Marie-Christine. "Les termes : un modèle de représentation et structuration de données symboliques". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20031.
Texto completo da fonteRigaux, Philippe. "Interfaces visuelles et multi-représentation dans les bases de données spatiales". Paris, CNAM, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CNAM0207.
Texto completo da fonteLerat, Nadine. "Représentation et traitement des valeurs nulles dans les bases de données". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112383.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with the representation and treatment of two cases of information incompleteness in the field of databases: non applicable null values and null values representing unknown objects. In the first part, queries on a unique table containing non applicable nulls are translated into a set of queries on conventional multitables. In the second part, unknown null values are represented by Skolem constants and a method adapting to this context a "chase" algorithm allows evaluating queries when functional or inclusion dependencies are satisfied. Eventually, it is shown that these two types of null values can be taken into account simultaneously
Ghorbel, Fatma. "Dialogue graphique intelligent, fondé sur une ontologie, pour une prothèse de mémoire". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1181/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the context of this thesis, we propose a “smart” memory prosthesis, called CAPTAIN MEMO, to help Alzheimer’s disease patients to palliate mnesic problems. It is based on a temporal, fuzzy and multilingual ontology named MemoFuzzyOnto. It provides accessible user interfaces to this demographic. To design these interfaces, we propose a methodology named InterfaceToAlz which serves as an information base for guiding and evaluating the design of user interfaces for Alzheimer’s disease patients. It identifies 146 design guidelines.Besides, we propose an ontology visualization tool called Memo Graph which offers an accessible and understandable visualization to Alzheimer’s disease patients. In fact, in the context of CAPTAIN MEMO, there is a need to generate the patient entourage/family tree from its personal data structured according to MemoFuzzyOnto. Memo Graph is based on our design guidelines and our approach, named Incremental Key-Instances Extraction and Visualisation, to extract and visualize descriptive instance summarizations from a given ontology and generate “summary instance graphs” from the most important data. It supports Linked Data visualization and scaling.Furthermore, we propose a typology of the imperfection of the data entered (mainly due to the memory discordance caused by this disease), and a methodology to allow false data entry. We propose a believability model and an approach called Data Believability Estimation for Applications to Alzheimer Patients to estimate qualitatively and quantitatively the believability of each data entered. Finally, CAPTAIN MEMO allows imprecise time intervals entry. We propose two approaches: a crisp-based approach and a fuzzy-based approach. The first one uses only crisp standards and tools and is modeled in OWL 2. The second approach is based on fuzzy sets theory and fuzzy tools and is modeled in Fuzzy-OWL 2. For the two approaches, we extend the 4D-fluents model to represent imprecise time intervals and qualitative interval relations. Then, we extend the Allen’s interval algebra to compare imprecise time interval in the context of MemoFuzzyOnto. Our contributions are implemented and evaluated. We evaluated the service of CAPTAIN MEMO which has the aim to stimulate the patient’s memory, the accessibility of its user interfaces, the efficiency of our approach to estimate quantitatively the believability of each data entered and the visualization generated with Memo Graph. We also evaluated Memo Graph with domain expert users
Rusch, Roxanne. "Mesures indirectes de rotation effectuées à partir de l’antenne sismique du LSBB. Quantification et représentation graphique de l’incertitude". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03177660.
Texto completo da fonteAnalyzing the rotational motions of the seismic wave field is useful for a multitude of applications ranging from wave field decomposition to geological structure estimation or source inversion. Rotational motions can be indirectly estimated (array-derived rotations) from a three translational components seismic array such as the ones deployed by the Low Noise Inter-Disciplinary Underground Science & Technology laboratory (LSBB) since 2006. In order to be able to interpret the results obtained, it is necessary to know the uncertainty attributed to the rotational measurements. However, uncertainty associated to array-derived rotation has only slightly been approached in the literature. The goal of this thesis was to develop two methods. The first method was used to quantify the deterministic uncertainty associated with array-derived rotations as a function of wavelengths. The second method was used to graphically represent this quantified uncertainty on rotation measurements. Both methods were applied to the Mw 6.2 Amatrice (Italy) earthquake that occurred on the 24th of August 2016 at 01.36 am. This one was recorded by the three translational components (3C) array of the LSBB. The vertical component of array-derived rotation as well as its associated uncertainty were respectively validated against a direct rotation measurement and a statistical uncertainty. The results of this thesis infer that in order to have an uncertainty lower than 10%, then care must be taken, in setting up the seismic array (sensors’ alignment, positioning, calibration), beyond the standards accepted for most seismic array. Extending on this thesis could offers developments in earthquakes characterization from 3C of array-derived rotation
Sayah, Marguerite. "Un environnement d'interrogation graphique de bases de données orientées objet (EIGOO) pour des utilisateurs non informaticiens". Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0046.
Texto completo da fonteOur work concerns the interrogation of abject oriented databases by non computer specialists. The problem they face relates mainly to the complexity of the database schema and to the difficulty of the textual query languages. . In this context, we propose a graphical query environment (EIGOO) that uses the v1ew technique to reduce the schema complexity and offers a graphical query language to consult databases through the defined views. . The view definition module of our environment proposes a graph1cal language and addresses users that are experts in the application domain. The views are defined for groups’ end users. They are adapted to their working context, to their application needs and to the1r access rights. The second main module concerns the database interrogation through v1ews and addresses non computer specialists’ users. It offers a query language and guarantees the conversion of graphical queries into Object Query Language (OQL) in order to execute them under any ODMG compliant DBMS. The graphical query language supports projection, selection, implicit join, explicit join, grouping and sorting operations. It also allows the specification of quantifiers and the elaboration of reflexive queries. The schema of the view is graphically visualized. The queries are directly formulated on the graph and are divided in two categories: the implicit join queries and the explicit join queries. Constructed queries can. Be saved and reused in order to create new queries. Concerning the conversion of graphical queries, a method is proposed for each category of queries
El, Zant Manal. "Contribution à une représentation spatio-temporelle des dépêches épidémiologiques". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20666.
Texto completo da fonteA spatio-temporal representation of event structures is important for an automatic comprehension of disease outbreak reports. The dispersion of components in this type of reports makes it difficult to have such a representation. This work describes an automatic extraction of event structures representation of these texts. We built an information extraction system by using cascaded finite state transducers which allowed the realization of three tasks : the named entity recognition, the arguments annotation and representation and the event structure representation. We obtained with this method a recall between 74. 24% and 100% for the named entity recognition task and a recall between 97. 18% and 99. 54% for argument representation task. Thereafter, we contributed to a normalization task in anaphoric pronouns resolution and in some inferences resolution concerning disease causation, concerned person, spatial and temporal location. We obtained a precision between 70. 83% and 100% for anaphoric pronouns resolution. The evaluation of inferences rules resolutions consisted in finding some counterexamples in the corpora for evaluation
Regnault, Cécile. "Les représentations visuelles des phénomènes sonores : application à l'urbanisme". Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2051.
Texto completo da fonteOuellet, Etienne. "Représentation et manipulation de données de simulation dans un environnement virtuel immersif". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28502/28502.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAbdessalem, Talel. "Approche des versions de base de données : représentation et interrogation des versions". Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090024.
Texto completo da fonteCori, Marcel. "Modèles pour la représentation et l'interrogation de données textuelles et de connaissances". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077047.
Texto completo da fonteChihab, Najat. "Représentation des données irrégulièrement espacées par des fonctions B-splines non-uniformes". Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132043.
Texto completo da fonteClaramunt, Christophe. "Un modèle de vue spatiale pour une représentation flexible de données géographiques". Dijon, 1998. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01275819.
Texto completo da fonteCourtine, Mélanie. "Changements de représentation pour la classification conceptuelle non supervisée de données complexes". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066404.
Texto completo da fonteAldea, Emanuel. "Apprentissage de données structurées pour l'interprétation d'images". Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENST0053.
Texto completo da fonteImage interpretation methods use primarily the visual features of low-level or high-level interest elements. However, spatial information concerning the relative positioning of these elements is equally beneficial, as it has been shown previously in segmentation and structure recognition. Fuzzy representations permit to assess at the same time the imprecision degree of a relation and the gradual transition between the satisfiability and the non-satisfiability of a relation. The objective of this work is to explore techniques of spatial information representation and their integration in the learning process, within the context of image classifiers that make use of graph kernels. We motivate our choice of labeled graphs for representing images, in the context of learning with SVM classifiers. Graph kernels have been studied intensively in computational chemistry and biology, but an adaptation for image related graphs is necessary, since image structures and properties of the information encoded in the labeling are fundamentally different. We illustrate the integration of spatial information within the graphical model by considering fuzzy adjacency measures between interest elements, and we define a family of graph representations determined by different thresholds applied to these spatial measures. Finally, we employ multiple kernel learning in order to build up classifiers that can take into account different graphical representations of the same image at once. Results show that spatial information complements the visual features of distinctive elements in images and that adapting the discriminative kernel functions for the fuzzy spatial representations is beneficial in terms of performance