Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Rénovation urbaine – Beyrouth (Liban)"
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Baalbaky, Najwa. "Le nouveau Beyrouth, contribution à l'étude de la centralité urbaine". Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100150.
Texto completo da fonteVerdeil, Eric. "Une ville et ses urbanistes : Beyrouth en reconstruction". Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010690.
Texto completo da fonteYazigi, Serge. "Régénération urbaine des quartiers péricentraux de Beyrouth : le cas de Zokak el-Blat (1850-2013)". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30054.
Texto completo da fonteThe neighborhoods of the first urban ring that surround the historic center are currently experiencing a spontaneous regeneration – as opposed to the adjacent planned downtown – itself characterized by strong socio-economic inequalities, sectarian-based policies, fragmentation of the urban space, etc. The city, which still carries the stigma of a civil war that has been over for nearly a quarter century, is experiencing a sharp decline of its urban services and quality of life. Nonetheless, and despite the latent security crisis and the global economic crisis, countless building sites continue to develop. The pericentral areas that have developed since the mid-nineteenth century, by their vulnerability to the abovementioned current dynamics, are interesting to observe. The neighborhood of Zokak el-Blat being one of the most representative of the undergoing developments’ dynamics. Based on multidisciplinary approach in contemporary history, the thesis will try to shed a new light on the concept of urban renewal. Particularly when its dynamics can behold stigmata’s on social, morphological and urban levels, as well as heavy consequences on the capacity of sustainable development of the considered area. This thesis is partly based on a historical and contextual approach aimed at studying the various periods of the modern urban structuring of the city of Beirut. This approach will be based on several criteria such as the cultural role of the neighborhood, its architectural heritage, the social pact governing the relationships between its inhabitants as well as the structuring of its urban morphology. This approach will then be completed by a study of the prevailing balance of power between the private and public sectors as well as the role and authority of the state in the various existing politico-sectarian forces. Various aspects regarding the enhancement of the neighborhood’s heritage, as well as the processes of gentrification and fragmentation will be discussed for their ability to reveal the mechanisms taking place within the neighborhood. The analysis of the institutional and regulatory framework governing the regeneration processes in Lebanon will complete the previous multidisciplinary approach. Special attention will be paid to the many existing barriers and blockages. The emergence of the principle of "urban deconstruction" will also be discussed to describe complex phenomena experienced by some neighborhoods of Beirut
Balhawan, Hélène. "Beyrouth et les enjeux de sa reconstruction : le cas des quartiers du centre-ville et de Hamra". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12010.
Texto completo da fonteIn recent decades, city centres around the world have been undergoing urban transformations such as renovations or reconstructions. Beirut is one of the capital cities which have seen the rebuilding of their centres, after a civil war. The interest of researching urban transformations is not only to realize that a territory is a space of creation, management, and even conflict resolution, but also to understand how peace can be restored in a formerly divided city. The Downtown of Beirut and the district of Hamra were questioned to determine the processes at work in the evolution of the city, like gentrification and “elitization”, and to reveal the underlying issues. The reconstruction of central areas is a way to establish a new order after a civil war, and the moment when various strategies of demographic, symbolic, social and spatial reorganization of the territory are devised. Thus, the districts are now at the centre of new conflicting tensions - strategies of placements and displacements of population, and many strategies of appropriation and resistance of public and residential areas by local actors. Conflicts are no longer religious but have become political and social, in particular since R. Hariri’s death (2005), which redefined the country’s political scene. This PhD thus focuses on the duality between urban strategy and territorial re-appropriation in the new Downtown and Hamra districts of Beirut. The study of urban transformations is an excellent revelation of territorial, symbolic, social and political conflicts, which are currently taking place in Beirut
Verdeil, Eric. "Une ville et ses urbanistes : Beyrouth en reconstruction". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003919.
Texto completo da fonteLa première partie décrit les chantiers de l'après-guerre au Liban : celui du centre-ville est exceptionnel par la place prise par le Premier ministre R. Hariri dans son élaboration et sa mise en œuvre, comme par le débat qu'il suscite et qui met en évidence d'autres conceptions de la reconstruction. Les autres chantiers de la période illustrent que les priorités du gouvernement ne suivent pas exactement les plans proposés par les urbanistes de la reconstruction.
Le deuxième partie analyse la convergence autour des politiques d'aménagement spatial qui caractérisait le mandat du président Fouad Chehab. Ses conseillers étrangers introduisirent des normes d'action exigeantes qui forment le socle des références d'une génération d'urbanistes, exerçant sous forme libérale ou dans l'administration libanaise. Leur influence se fait sentir jusqu'à l'époque de la reconstruction.
La troisième partie envisage la transformation de ces normes et des pratiques d'action urbanistiques à travers la guerre, où l'on observe une mutation de la commande politique, des bouleversements sociaux et une transformation des conditions d'exercice professionnel. Le centre-ville, la banlieue sud-ouest et les remblais du littoral nord constituent trois études de cas où se combinent différemment cultures professionnelles des urbanistes et nouvelles modalités des politiques urbaines à l'occasion du renouvellement du personnel politique, qu'illustrent les carrières croisées du. président A. Gemayel et du promoteur R. Hariri.
El, Hage Josiana. "Smart Reconstruction after a natural or man-made disaster : Feedback, methodology, and application to the Beirut Harbor Disaster". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILN015.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this study is to develop a smart framework for post-disaster reconstruction of buildings, with a focus on the Beirut explosion as a case study, due to its complex geopolitical context, extensive damage, and socio-economic crises. The study delves into various dimensions encompassing physical, economic, and social to prioritize marginalized community groups in the recovery efforts and advocate for the “Build-Back-Better approach”, according to the recommendations of « Sendai Framework For Disaster Risk Reduction ».To attain these objectives, the thesis starts with a literature review (Chapter 1) to identify research gaps and existing post-disaster reconstruction frameworks. Drawing from this review, a research methodology is formulated to address these gaps with emphasis on Beirut city in Lebanon (Chapter 2). It includes the local context study, the data analysis methods, and an understanding of the challenges facing the post-disaster reconstruction with a focus on Beirut. A comprehensive framework for assessing post-disaster buildings in Beirut following the explosion is developed (Chapter 3), comprising 12 indicators spanning physical attributes of the building and socio-economic profile of its residents. This framework facilitates the calculation of a Priority Index for a large set of damaged buildings in Beirut (Chapter 4). The assessment assists decision-makers and stakeholders involved in the reconstruction process manage and monitor building renovation projects while encouraging the affected community engagement. It prioritizes the most vulnerable individuals, thereby fostering a people-centric approach to recovery, underpinned by the principles of building-back-better and inclusivity.The data-based framework and results presented in this thesis form a step forward in the post-disaster reconstruction field. However, this research shows some limitations including the data collection via crowdsourcing and the lack of people participation, the dynamics and the complexity of the post-disaster context, and the focus on the building sector only. Future research could focus on (i) considering all the sectors affected by the disaster, (ii) investigating the social acceptance for participating in the data collection process, (iii) and diversifying the data collection sources
Charafeddine, Wafa. "La banlieue sud de Beyrouth : structure urbaine et économique". Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040353.
Texto completo da fonteThe civil war of 1975 in Lebanon and the formation of a demarcation line dividing the greater Beirut urban space have caused important urban changes and have set specific rules of development in each of the two parts of greater Beirut. In the southern suburb, the subject of the study, these urban changes and demographic redistributions appear through three characteristics problems: 1- lack of appropriate urban structures and the severe urban administration problems due to the absence of the local authorities and the arbitrary intervention of the government. 2- the illegal construction which has largely increased due to the war. 3- the establishment of a large number of informal activities. Thus, our study about the southern suburb shall handle both the urban and economical structures
Clerc-Huybrechts, Valérie. "Les principes d'action de l'urbanisme : le projet Elyssar face aux quartiers irréguliers de Beyrouth". Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082193.
Texto completo da fonteThrough the analysis of a large urban reconstruction project in Beirut, Elyssar, this PHD thesis examines underlying principles of urban planning when its political and technical actors conceptualise the regularisation of irregular settlements. In Lebanon, these are mostly situated in the southern suburbs of the capital where failings of urban planning and competing rights created the conditions under which they developed. Elaborated during a negotiation between Prime minister Hariri and the Shi'ite parties Amal and Hezbollah, the decisions, whether uncontested or resulting from compromises, depended on both the actors' strategies and their perceptions of the city. Three types of reasoning and their links to different value systems have been identified, all used by the actors irrespective of their position. This forms a framework within which the articulation of the perceptions and judgements informing the project decisions and the conditions under which they are implemented can be analysed
Gholam-Khoury, Amale. "Mutations urbaines à Beyrouth : le quartier d'Achrafieh". Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010568.
Texto completo da fonteThis research project deals with the repercussions of the lebanese war (1975-1990) on Achrafieh area, which is a part of beirut city. It describes and analyses in detail the urban, social, demographic and economic mutations which occured at achrafieh during the years of war. This project comprises three main divisions. The first shows the data concerning the environment before the war begining. The second highlights the various changes in the infrastructure and the functions of achrafieh. The thrid gives the repercussions of the war on the size and the dynamism of the local population as well as the arrival of displaced population. The conclusion outlines sole scenarios on the future of this part of Beirut and leads think that the changes in the functions of Achrafieh permit to it to play the role of a bridge between the eastern and western zones of the great Beirut
Kaloustian, Noushig. "L'ilot de chaleur urbaine à Beyrouth". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1141/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe urban heat island (UHI) is one of the more commonly documented phenomena of climate change. It is related to higher urban temperatures in the city centers as compared to the surrounding rural or suburban areas and can lead to unpleasant effects on urban dwellers not least of all on air quality, energy consumption levels, human health, and even mortality rates. In Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon, the literature clearly points to a lack of research on this topic. In addition, there is no evidence that there is a systematic transfer of urban climatic knowledge between concerned stakeholders like urban planning and environmental authorities which is cause for concern given the ever-increasing worldwide attention being given to climate change adaptation and mitigation measures and sustainable city developments. The objective of this research is to therefore investigate the intensity of UHI in Beirut, to identify most suitable measures to alleviate the effects of UHI from a technical perspective, to assess the implications on urban planning processes and to accordingly find opportunities for planning and design practices in Beirut. Beirut is a coastal city that sits on a peninsula that extends westward into the Mediterranean Sea. It covers a surface area of about 20 square kilometers, has a population of approximately 500,000 inhabitants, with a very high population density of about 21,000 inhabitants / km2.The UHI in Beirut was investigated using the Town Energy Balance (TEB) urban surface exchange modeling scheme developed by Météo France (Masson, 2000). TEB is included in the SURFEX land-surface modeling system. SURFEX means “surface externalisée” and it is a code that represents the energy exchange processes that occur between the atmosphere and the urban surfaces. Simulations were accordingly run across Beirut using TEB for 1 day during the winter season on 1 January, from 00:00 UTC (equivalent to 2:00AM local standard time) to 23:00 UTC, and 1 day during the summer season on 1 July from 00:00 UTC to 23:00 UTC with one hour time steps or one hour output results. During the summer significant variations of up to 6oC were found for canyon temperatures whereas areas characterized by dense urban fabrics had higher temperatures typically due to the larger fraction of man-made as opposed to natural surfaces and due to the lower albedo values (generally 0.2). During the winter, temperature variations were not as significant, differing by up to 1oC between aforementioned areas across Beirut. Therefore areas with high garden fractions were found to play an important cooling effect in the simulations for Beirut. In addition, a significant variation in cooling energy usage was found during the summer across Beirut where simulations showed energy demands as low as 50 W/m2 in areas characterized by higher garden fractions whereas simulations were much higher, up to 800 W/m2, in areas with dense urban fabrics. In the summer heating energy demands were also significant ranging from as low as 20-300 W/m2 across Beirut. Six scenarios were also run on TEB which showed that increasing the albedo of roofs and the fraction of gardens had the most noteworthy cooling effects. This research found that there are opportunities for improvement of the Urban Planning Law and the Building Code of Lebanon for better consideration of the urban microclimatic issues and recommended emphasis on urban greening strategies and cool roofing strategies. this thesis contributed to a better understanding of the urban environment of the city of Beirut and the respective urban parameters that have the most significant impact on reducing some of the impacts of the urban heat island phenomenon. In doing so, this research has paved the way for further work on reducing the UHI effect in Beirut, with the ultimate aim of creating a comfortable and safe environment for its residents, and future generations
Saliba, Alouisia. "Mobilité et écologie urbaine à Beyrouth. Vers une approche durable des politiques de mobilité au Liban". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLD004.
Texto completo da fonteThe present thesis pursues a new approach regarding mobility in Beirut, through a study of the urban ecology. The main concern is to define the obstacles that the mobility is facing in this city, and to find out: what influences do spatial qualities have on mobility practices in Beirut? The study consists of a cross between the notion of architecture by the analysis of the built environment, the notion of landscape through senses and movement experiences and the social notion by the study of Beirut citizen’s mobility practices. We have developed the research methodology from a synthesis of contemporary mobility, projects and studies. The thesis is divided into three main parts. To start, a study of Beirut urban context includes a retrospective analysis of road infrastructure, as well as the study of the different mobility practices. The second part considers the role of public and private stakeholders. We have thus formulated an interpretation of current and ongoing mobility projects. The final part of the thesis represents three case studies of distinct social and urban forms areas of Beirut. Landscape and social studies are exposed through social survey and mapping.The results of this research, summed up in three key ideas. First, political will and good governance play a fundamental role in implementing sustainable mobility strategies. Secondly, site survey demonstrated the interest of working on the multiple scales of mobility, in order to limit the congestion. Whereas, the influence of urban environment on mobility practices, promotes use of urban environments to favor soft modes of transport. Eco-friendly mobility will stimulate attractiveness and will promote hospitality in Beirut
Merhi, Jihad. "Beyrouth : entre risque et sécurité. Une géopolitique urbaine d'une ville sous tension". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040084.
Texto completo da fonteStudying urban security in Beirut, a schizophrenic city of war and peace, is in itself a challenge due to its unique security vulnerabilities. In this city, characterised by politico-religious antipathies as much as inter and intra-denominational hostilities, where authority is not lodged exclusively in the general government, the socio-economic factor, usually efficient as a scale of measurement for urban and mainly social risks, proved to be quite inoperative. Based on the fact that socio-economic fluctuations did not have significant repercussions on risks and urban security in this city, a more specific and comprehensive approach unveiled the presence of more decisive « existential » risks, endogenous to the particular type of the country’s politico-spatial structure. The country’s eccentric character revealed itself in an apparently united State structure that masks a territorialisation of public space, and thus, non-united Lebanese States. A mechanism of auto-defense grew among individuals to replace the weak authority of a fragile State in which the political regime, foreign interferences and armed group play a destructive role. The approach to the study of security in this multi-politico-religious space, which must be driven by an interpretation of the territory on a micro-local scale along with an analysis of the auto-defense mechanism, helped pave the way for the introduction of a new tool for measuring security in the framework of a sub-discipline that we agreed to call « Securitarian Geography ». Unable to fit in the classical analysis of geography, Beirut, like many other weak or fragile States, tends to require advanced studies in urban sociology and micro-political studies that put forward latent factors influencing security. This new scientific tool called «Securitarian Geography », introduced by us as researchers, will be a novelty tool in the hand of geopoliticians, to better study the specificity of infra-local sub-spaces in vulnerable territories
El-Abiad, Juliette. "La mémoire urbaine du centre-ville de Beyrouth : entre reconstruction, effacement des traces et métamorphoses". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL109.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis aims to study the urban memory of downtown Beirut. The objective of this research is to reconstitute in situ, the historical and memory line of downtown Beirut since its post-war reconstruction: from its transformation to its metamorphosis. This work is based on sixty-one semi-structured interviews with the Lebanese population, professionals (architects, lawyers, politicians) and research professors (geographers, sociologists, literarys). This research is part of a qualitative approach. It also relies on socio-anthropological, historical and geographical studies carried out on the reconstruction of downtown Beirut and its urban history retracing three time periods: before, during and after the war, founders of evolutions of downtown Beirut. Through the comparison tool, it explores the reconstruction processes of other cities destroyed during armed conflicts. By crossing the different questions and urban choices related to the reconstruction and preservation of the memory of the destroyed cities, this research identifies the specificities of the Lebanese reconstruction. This work is also based on a collection of ethnographic data highlighting the urban memory of the city center through the memorial narratives of the inhabitants, favoring a sensitive urban planning focused on a sensory memory and on past sensations, proven and disappeared with the metamorphosis places downtown Beirut
Lteif, Carine. "L’agriculture de la région beyrouthine au prisme des terres waqf (Liban) : une géographie foncière des logiques agricoles". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30006/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the Mediterranean countries, agriculture linked to city knows various dynamics, between renewal and decline. In Lebanon, agriculture extends over small surface areas and is limited by steep terrain. Moreover, the country suffers from weak planning policies that do not address its agriculture, especially that found in urban contexts. Yet, agriculture persists in the city. In this thesis, we explore agriculture linked to the city in the light of a right that is specific to the Arab region, the waqf. We depart from the following hypothesis: waqf properties allow to maintain, if not to develop, agriculture related to the city. Adopting a multiscale approach, we examine agriculture on waqf at the level of sites, as well as production units, and draw a geography, rather a land geography based on agricultural actors’ logic or logiques agricoles in french.According to our results, waqf lands are quite present in the Beirut region. Agricultural waqf are more resilient- than private lands- to urbanization, especially when found on convent sites located in the peri-urban area of Beirut. If the objective underlying the constitution of a waqf is the immobilization of goods for usages generating revenues for pious actions, still we can distinguish different types of waqf: family, charitable but also religious waqf, especially Christian religious waqf, whose income is used to support the servants of the Church and the fulfillment of religious actions. Management of community waqf, abundant in the study area, differs among religious communities: it is centralized among Greek-orthodox, Sunnis and Catholics in the case of church waqf, and decentralized among Shiites and Catholics in the case of convent waqf. If agricultural leasing and sharecropping are possible on waqf lands, they are ruled by contracts extending over 3, 6, 9 years among Catholics, and varying according to the agricultural project among the Orthodox, which grants a greater land security than which found on private lands (annually renewed contracts). Various agricultural forms can be found on waqf: market gardening, fruit trees, breeding and processing (direct tenure by clergymen) but also hydroponics, nurseries and special crops (indirect tenure of lands, leasing), whereas on private lands we find market gardening and more and more nurseries. Identified agricultural logics show a revival of agriculture on waqf lands borrowing different trajectories and maintaining various links to the city.Finally, the waqf, despite their social vocation, do not appear as commons nor as private properties. They are rather driven by their own communitarian logic
Zeidan, Nina. "Un instrument de la planification traditionnelle urbaine et durable : le 'Hawch' hérité dans le paysage méditerranéen : le cas de Beyrouth". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH022.
Texto completo da fonteThe "Hawch" is an inherited element in Beirut urban planning. It is a dense grouping of traditional habitat, surrounded by an enclosure wall and accessible from a "Zoukak" –a narrow service street-. It contains in its interior a community life identical to that of Lebanese society around a structuring green space. By its peripheral location to Beirut's Downtown that's being rebuilt, the “Hawch” is subject to stress conditions. The first is an external pressure: first, in an economic order that is due to land and property speculation, the second in terms of urban densification and sprawl. The second is an internal tension coming first by the community fallback presented by its inner society facing Beirut's trend towards individualization and Westernization and secondly the "competence of the owner" to modify the space at the expense of the "Hawch"'s ecological microclimate balance. The "Hawch" comes as a response to the discourse on today's urban policy. Three intrinsic components: social, spatial and environmental landscape corresponding to the three sustainable development pillars meet the challenges of the modern city of Beirut. The potentialities of living together in the social dimension, urban spatial ecology of the spatial dimension and the environmental dimension microclimate as landscape predisposes it to persist in the contemporary city of Beirut as "Hawch" Revisited that we call the "Neo-Hawch "
Keilo, Jack. "Le Centre et le Nom, lectures dans la toponymie de Beyrouth". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL067.
Texto completo da fonteI narrate toponymy of Beirut, considered as a revelator and a marker of the Lebanese body politic, constructed in Beirut since 1920. This memoir begins by reflecting on the rapports between the centre politic (capital city or seat of government), its founding principles, and toponymy : the toponyme is the ultimate insertion of the political in everyday’s banality. Beiruti toponymy writes the Grand-Liban (1920), the Lebanese Constitution (1926), on the city’s maps. Also it inscribes political confessionalism, resulting of the Lebanese National Pact (1943) and its sacred symbols, thus a confirmed presence of « East » and « West » and a Lebanese national narrative partially re-invented and presented as a « continuum ». It also presents signs of a visible continuity of the local elite. We put the Beiruti example in perspective with those of Damascus and of Dubai : the Damascene one is « re-written » by the Baath rule since 1963 and presents a toponymic rupture with the Syrian pre-baathist past but a confirmed presence of pan-Arabism; the Dubaian one is invented in order to give a historical depth to the map of Dubai and a commercial dimension to its place names. Study of toponyms, in parallel with that of founding principles of the centre, can inform political systems, their ideological background, and their urban policy
Tabet, Nicole. "La dialectique de l’exclusion(s)-inclusion(s) des camps de réfugiés palestiniens du Liban : étude du cas du camp de Bourj El-Barajneh dans la banlieue sud-ouest de Beyrouth". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1A005.
Texto completo da fonteIn Lebanon, political and media discourses stigmatize Palestinian refugee camps and their inhabitants, who are generally associated with danger, terrorism, illegality, misery and lack of safety. 70 years after their arrival in Lebanon, Palestinians still live under the same social status: they are born, they live, and they die as refugees. Additionally, refugee camps are still excluded from any Lebanese Urban planning efforts. This research seeks to highlight that beyond these negative stereotypes of Palestinian camps, and the legal, economic and social exclusion of refugees; exist other realities in which the camps appear as spaces that are included in their neighboring environment, and where the refugees exist as stakeholders capable of reforming exclusionary policies imposed on them from the ‘top’, and ultimately create new identities. Based on the findings of the study of the Bourj El-Barajneh camp in the southwestern suburbs of Beirut, this thesis explores the ways in which camp residents can change the marginalized-nature of the camps within a context of political and urban exclusion. Whether they do it through the GeoSymbols of the Palestinian identity in exile, by space-appropriation, or by vertical densification; Palestinians transform the camp, its physical environment and by doing so, negotiate its borders. With time, continuity and exclusion, the Bourj El-Barajneh camp is transforming. Through self-construction and the coproduction of space, the camp went from being a home to tents in 1948 to becoming prosperous with concrete buildings in 2017. This horizontal and vertical densification of the camp can be described as a fight against exclusion and as an effort to occupy the space of the camp demographically, culturally, and geographically. Since the beginning of the war in Syria back in 2011, Palestinian and Syrian refugees fleeing Syria came to the camps looking for affordable housing options, thus increasing the demand on houses and triggering a wave of vertical densification. Consequently, Palestinian residents of the camp multiplied their construction efforts and sites. As such, the concrete scenery in the camp changed, and the tenants changed with it; new tenants arrive, other homeowners move, and the camp is continuously crossed by its own residents as well as by neighboring communities. Based on this dialectical process of interaction between public policies, the urban, social and familial context as well as individual practices, the camp is renewed, and this socio-spatial renewal leads to the expansion of the camp and the opening of its borders to the neighboring environment. The case of Bourj El-Brajaneh’s camp shows how with time and exclusion, Palestinians have acquired new ways and tools to counter challenges, fight for the inclusion of the camp and for having a space inside the city of Beirut. This thesis seeks to highlight the opening/closing process of the camp’s borders as well as its different degrees of exclusion/inclusion within the city, by exploring its habitat, its housing, and its urban services networks. Based on this dialectical study of exclusion and inclusion of refugees and the camp, the camp’s habitat changes, and its borders are redefined, leading to its gradual transformation into a camp-district of the Beirut agglomeration
El, Achi El Saadi Rola. "Les rues à colonnades romano-byzantines du Liban : étude d'archéologie, d'architecture et de conservation au travers des exemples de Byblos, Beyrouth et Tyr". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H050.
Texto completo da fonteWith the integration of Byblos, Beirut and Tyre into the Roman Empire, around 64 BC, these cities underwent an exceptional architectural revival, which lasted for several centuries. During this period, and according to the 20th and 21st centuries excavations that were undertaken on these sites, it seems that the urban fabric in each city was reorganized and endowed with new monuments that met as much as possible the new requirements of standardization and architectural idealization. Among the surviving ruins that tell us about the grandeur of the Roman-Byzantine urban landscape of Byblos, Beirut and Tyre stand their colonnaded streets. The construction of these main arteries, which linked the different sectors in each city, began towards the end of the 1st century. It reached its peak in the 2nd century and then underwent an exceptional development at the end of Antiquity, before disappearing completely during the medieval periods and falling into oblivion. This thesis will therefore be an opportunity to examine the historical, aesthetic and functional evolution of this type of monument. It will enable us to interpret the archaeological data collected on site by adopting a systematic cross-referencing of the various attributes identified, which will help us to grasp the similarities that characterize the colonnaded streets of Lebanon, as well as the differences that distinguish them
El, Khouri Dima. "Négocier l’espace : les villes du Liban devant l’afflux des réfugiés syriens (2011-2018) : études de cas à Tripoli (quartier de Tebbeneh) et à Beyrouth (quartier de El-Nab’a et camp Palestinien de Bourj El-Barajneh)". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC010/document.
Texto completo da fonteIt is a major challenge for any nation to accommodate an influx of migrants corresponding to a quarter of its population in three years. This research seeks to understand how such a phenomenon, inconceivable at first glance, could have taken place in cities in Lebanon that have hosted over a million refugees from Syria since 2011. With this brutal phenomenon as a starting point, the thesis examines the factors that have made it possible for the urban refugees to settle in places marked by extreme processes of socio-spatial injustice. The thesis addresses this issue at three levels: (1 ) at the local urban scale, within which urban dwellers and refugees live a continuous cycle of dissymmetrical negotiations on the occupation and appropriation of their respective spaces, reflected in daily situations of tension and conflict; (2) at the national level, within which the internal geopolitics and the effects of government, local authority, and NGO actions play a direct role in influencing the access of refugees to the city; (3) finally at the international geopolitical scale which addresses the situation of the Middle East. At this scale, the analysis focuses on the effects of historical relations between Lebanon and Syria in the current settlement of refugees. Negotiating space is not seen as the result of an exclusively binary relationship between refugees and the host society. Rather, the thesis demonstrates how this relationship fits into mechanisms that produce and reproduce inequalities expressed on multiple scales, and touch all urban dwellers - whether they are originally Syrian, Palestinian, Lebanese from different religious groups, or even from a foreign country. The study is based on a qualitative ethnographic approach using a variety of methods, particularly in-depth interviews with diverse population samples. These are accompanied by systematic observations in three urban neighbourhoods: Tebbeneh in Tripoli, El-Nab'a and the Palestinian camp of Bourj el-Barajneh in Beirut
Krayem, Alaa. "Révéler l'utilisation énergétique spatio-temporelle d'une ville côtière méditerranéenne : le cas de Beyrouth". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30155.
Texto completo da fonteTo reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption in urban areas, understanding buildings' energy performance and consumption patterns is essential for implanting effective energy management and efficiency strategies at a city scale. Such plans' implementation at large scale requires information on how the energy demands may change under specific interventions. Urban Building Energy Models (UBEM) are proposed tools to estimate current and future building's energy demand. These models rely on a bottom-up approach, combining both statistical techniques and physics-based methods. This study aims at providing an enhanced modeling approach that simulates buildings' energy demand at high spatial and temporal resolution, which can help in evaluating energy management strategies and decision-making energy policies. The methodology is applied for the city of Beirut, representative of the Mediterranean region where the similarity of buildings technologies and climatic concerns among its cities is pronounced. The main objectives of the thesis are to develop, investigate and adjust a bottom-up energy modeling tool at urban scale; to provide evidence of the tool's suitability to support guidelines for future interventions; and finally to investigate the impact of the city's compactness on daylight availability and thus citizens' well-being. In this case study based on two different districts within the city, a near-city-scale building energy model, BEirut Energy Model BEEM, is generated to estimate the building's stock electricity consumption. To reduce the modeling and computation time, an archetypal classification of the buildings based on their types and periods of construction is adopted. The additional information required to generate the 3D model of the buildings are the number of floors, buildings' areas and a topographic map of the study areas. By coupling the models to the hourly weather conditions, the thermodynamic model of 3,630 buildings is simulated in EnergyPlus. Adapting the model to Beirut's occupancy and users' behaviors is crucial to enhance the reliability of BEEM. The availability of metered electricity data allows the model calibration, which is based on buildings' clustering and finding the clusters' coefficients representative of specific energy patterns. After the training phase, the model's accuracy in predicting electricity consumption is improved. Comparing the actual consumption and the calibrated results, the averaged absolute percentage error of the electricity consumption was reduced from 310% to 41% in district A and from 326% to 39% in district B. The calibrated model is combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) for a spatiotemporal distribution of energy demand patterns, which can help in assessing the most suitable intervention technologies
Casagrande, Jennifer Maeva. "Essai de caractérisation socio-spatiale de la banlieue est de Beyrouth : étude de cas des municipalités de Jdeideh el Metn et Fanar". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAH010/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn a Lebanese context, with problems mentioned in the grey literature concerning urban issues, information such as demographic data, cadastral plan, zoning plan which should be open access to production institutions, in accordance with the law. However it is unfortunately not. For example, the last comprehensive census of population dates to 1932 during the mandate. The recurrent lack of access to data as well as the problems concerning their reliability led us to build our own database (morphological and demographic) subject to a rigorously defined methodology which we will present to you to try to characterize Beirut eastern suburb, whose heterogeneity has led us to choose it as a field. The heterogeneous nature of some of its fragments resulting from various social, economic and political factors leads us to question the relationship, and even the impact, that the urban form may have on the socio-spatial structuring of the site and allowed us to make an estimate of the population of the study area close to the figures provided informally
Abdel-Hay, Germaine. "Les espaces de la mort à Beyrouth. Entre frontières, structuration et fragmentation de l’espace géopolitique". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040188.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the study of borders and boundaries that mark the relations between the dead and the living in multiconfessional cities in general, and particularly Beirut. It raises the question of the nature of spaces, places and territories of death in its most concrete forms: the cemeteries, and the limits between them on one hand and with the city on the other. It describes their impact on the spatial organization of the city while questioning the strategies and challenges of each group to assert its presence against the other. Our choice focuses on the city of Beirut because of its social, cultural, religious and urban structure. It has undergone demographic changes through history, especially during the last years of the civil war (1975-1990) and the post-war period. After these conflicts, the spaces of death, their location and their boundaries, have created real physical and symbolic schisms, conditioned by political, social or religious affiliations. These spaces appear to be instrumented by the living to justify their positions in space or to assume the right to occupy such a place. In this case, the cemeteries constitute real challenges for research and entail consequences on space, which can be fragmented and restructured along with the urban landscape
Hanna, Mirna. "Une approche sémiotique de l’architecture domestique à Beyrouth au XXème siècle. Étude comparative de deux cas typologiques". Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040076.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of a semiotic analysis of architecture is to see how non verbal codes manifest themselves through the architectural language, based upon the idea that such a language is conditioned by macro-social values, and therefore the architectural sign should be considered as an anthropological marker. This multi-disciplinary approach combining different fields such as architecture, semiotics and anthropology, is aimed on one hand at contributing to semiotics by proposing a methodology for the analysis of an architectural corpus, and on the other hand, to broadening the field of urban geography to new disciplines, and finally, to providing a new analysis of Beirut’s urban fabric through the comparative case study of two architectural typologies. The proposed semiotic approach can be applied as a tool of urban geography to architectural corpuses and urban fabrics in order to understand the mechanisms of production and obsolescence of form
El, amine Samar. "Agent-based modeling of the social and economic factors affecting the choice of transportation mode : application to the Beirut city". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA035/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn urban and peri-urban environments, transport and mobility are strongly linked to socio-economic activities. They are influenced by individual's personal psychology, social norms, resistance to change, personal attitude, habits, fears and beliefs. Beirut is a mono-centric city with transport supply poverty. Vehicle ownership has increased rapidly in response to the shortage of public transportation. Currently, there is an opportunity to develop mobility management services and establish sustainable mobility and accessibility in Beirut. This requires that transport modes be affordable, efficient and environmentally friendly, as well as technologies that minimize the energy consumption by focusing on three main points: reducing travel needs, adopting more environmentally friendly modes of transportation, and improving the efficiency of vehicle technology. This thesis focuses on the modeling of displacement behavior, based on agent-oriented modeling. We analyzed the data obtained from a survey we conducted for Beirut. We established a relation between employment, social status and mode of transportation selection. The subject of the thesis is an agent-oriented simulation model of road traffic using an institutional economic approach. We propose an architecture, algorithms and methods to implement the agents model in order to model and reproduce their modes of transport behavior. Associated scientific questions are the effects of economic, social, career and household factors on choosing a mode of transport. This work is part of a project of the company S&A (Belgium and Lebanon) to provide tools to enable the transition of means of transport to a more respectful practice
Éthier, Guillaume. "Place publique contemporaine et devenir collectif : le cas de la reconstruction de la Place des Martyrs à Beyrouth". Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3248/1/M9631.pdf.
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