Bibliografias temáticas / Regional parks

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Regional parks"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 18 de fevereiro de 2022

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Regional parks"

Konarev, A., e Sn Konstantinova. "TECHNOLOGICAL PARKS IN REGIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP ECOSYSTEMS". Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, Suppl.1 (2019): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.s.01.027.

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The role of the technology parks for the development of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems is constantly increasing. As centres for updating and technology transfer, these parks directly affect regional systems of business incubators, accelerators, shared jobs, startups and other important elements of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Based on a specific model of a technology park in Plovdiv, the impact and the opportunities for development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the South Central Region are explored.

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Charles, David, Sally Hayward e Damien Thomas. "Science Parks and Regional Technology Strategies". Industry and Higher Education 9, n.º 6 (dezembro de 1995): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229500900602.

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The authors draw on international comparative research undertaken for the European Commission and other organizations in recent years to examine the regional strategic dimension of science park development in several European countries. They begin with a short review of the nature of regional technology policy, and then discuss the different models of science parks, considering whether the models reflect an evolutionary process or a deeper institutional variety across Europe. They then present several contrasting case studies, illustrating their embeddedness within different regional contexts. The paper concludes with a discussion of the future direction of science parks and the implications for public policy at the national, local and, most importantly, at the European level.

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Koliouska, Christiana, Zacharoula Andreopoulou, Rosa Misso e Irene Paola Borelli. "Regional Sustainability". International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 8, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2017): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2017010103.

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Regional sustainability promotes an integrated approach to planning and development in regional communities. European Union legislative acts bring together all levels of government to achieve a holistic approach to sustainability using Information and Communication Technologies tools for better delivery of services. Today, there has been observed an increasing interest in applying e-government to different business sectors such as the environmental sector. Sustainable management of National Forest Parks relies on a complete understanding of the goods and services, which are provided to the society. This paper aims to study e-government websites concerning the 10 Greek National Forest Parks and analyse the websites as to their qualitative and quantitative features. Then, the electronic services model adoption of the websites is assessed. The e-government websites are classified in electronic services adoption stages starting from a simple presence of the government agency in the Internet to the total electronic services integration through multiple ICT tools and applications provision according to content features accomplished by the websites. The findings can be helpful for managers, policy makers, web designers, environmentalists and government agencies.

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MOIR, JOHN. "REGIONAL PARKS IN PERTH, WESTERN AUSTRALIA". Australian Planner 32, n.º 2 (janeiro de 1995): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1995.9657667.

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Tremblay, Pascal. "Protected areas and development in arid Australia - challenges to regional tourism". Rangeland Journal 30, n.º 1 (2008): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07050.

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The principal contention of this paper is that the traditional approach to park management is inadequate to deal with the contemporary goals of protected areas, in particular, biodiversity conservation, cultural heritage management and the management of socio-economic development within parks. This is particularly true for parks in remote regions like Central Australia, where management on a broader scale is required. The benefits of park management embracing a regional approach to development and conservation are examined. This paper also identifies some serious restrictions to development. Parks rely heavily on abstract management plans, and do not have a transparent framework through which to set objectives and targets. These objectives would allow parks to evaluate their organisation’s performance. Iconic landscape assets dominate the tourism economy in Central Australia. The number of different institutions managing parks has hampered the establishment of a valuation framework. This framework would allow regional resource allocation decisions to be assessed and parks’ performances to be monitored. Proper assessment and monitoring would strengthen the case for additional park funding to pursue conservation and development responsibilities.

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Papdi, József Ákos. "The economic potential of industrial parks in the Northern Great Plain Region". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n.º 34 (2 de setembro de 2009): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/34/2835.

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The practice of the conception and park-like economic development (between market economy circumstances) seems to be novel in our country. The first industrial parks have been established decentralized, with a local initiation, with some determining foreign undertakings early in the 90 years. Since then the increase of the number of the parks is high also the areas which have weaker economic level. We have make attention (inthe development politics) to the industrial parks working in the most harmful micro-regions, where the capital task is to extension of the employment, and to involvement of the capital. In the Northern Great Plain Region there are 31 industrial park at the ends of 2007. There are developed infrastructure and service in the big part of the parks. The smaller part of the parks cannot live on its title of industrial park, because of regional position, and concerned their management troubles. But the extension and developing of the park’s economic is very important in the region.

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Khudoba, V. "Representation analysis of large reserves units network in Western Volyn-Podillia region". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, n.º 39 (15 de dezembro de 2011): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2011.39.2197.

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The article is dedicated to the analysis of the network of reserves, national parks and regional landscape parks in Western Volyn-Podillia region. The research has determined their level of representation of nature-territorial complexes of the region itself. It has been suggested in the article to optimize these objects in order to increase their representation by means of creating more regional landscape parks. Key words: nature reserves stock, natural reserve, national park, regional landscape park, natureterritorial complexes.

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Glenn, Susan M. "Regional analysis of mammal distributions among Canadian parks: implications for park planning". Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, n.º 12 (1 de dezembro de 1990): 2457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-343.

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An unresolved question in conservation biology is whether a single large reserve will support more or fewer species than several smaller reserves adding up to the same total area, and how this affects species composition. Within 'mammal provinces' of Canada, several parks supported the same number of mammalian species, or more, than a single large park with the same area. The proportion of species that require undisturbed habitats increased with total area conserved. Human disturbances should be reduced in parks because these undisturbed-site species are unable to survive in disturbed environments not protected by a park system. An analysis of species distributions across parks indicated that not all small parks had the same composition. I therefore recommend establishing many parks in a biologically defined region and incorporating as much total area as possible. To aid in developing a strategy for placing parks across Canada, areas with high total mammalian richness and high richness of mammal species intolerant of disturbances are highlighted. Maps showing these areas are particularly useful because it is unlikely that several large parks will be established in every region and it is therefore important to identify the most diverse sites.

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Goldstein, Harvey A., e Michael I. Luger. "Science/Technology Parks and Regional Development Theory". Economic Development Quarterly 4, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1990): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124249000400108.

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TYUTYUKINA, Elena B., e Tat'yana N. SEDASH. "Eco-technology park as a regional institution of waste management system". Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 19, n.º 3 (15 de março de 2021): 563–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.19.3.563.

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Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the creation of environmental technology parks in the waste management system. Objectives. The article aims to identify essential features of the environmental technology park as a regional development institution. Methods. For the study, we used general scientific cognition methods and the systems approach. Results. Based on an analysis of the specialization of Russian environmental technology parks, the article describes potential organizational and investment models of the activities of the park residents. Conclusions. The use of organizational and investment models of the residents' functioning combined with the participation of public partners will help make additional incentives for the development of environmental technology parks.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Regional parks"

McDonald, Sharyn. "Metropolitan parks in Melbourne : a critical analysis of factors affecting visitation by regional Victorians /". Access full text, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/thesis/public/adt-LTU20070716.111736/index.html.

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Thesis (M.Bus.) -- La Trobe University, 2006.
"A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business, [to the] School of Sport, Tourism and Hospitality Management, Faculty of Law and Management, La Trobe University, Bundoora". Research. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-184). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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Tantanasiriwong, Kasem. "The Role of Institutions for the Development of Science Parks : The Case of Regional Science Parks in Thailand". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188213.

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This thesis contributes to the understanding of the role of institutions as a factor for the development of Science Park projects. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted to find out the institutional factors given by Science Park Promotion Agency (SPA), supported by Ministry of Science and Technology, Thailand in response to Regional Science Parks in Thailand. Research findings show that steady standard of practice, explicit governance, continued budget allocation and capacity building are regarded crucial. Yet, other empirical results suggest that some institutions should be adjusted in a holistic manner in order to accelerate the innovation process in the long run. Furthermore, the results illustrate a growing tendency of interplay between different roles of institutional spheres - academia, industries and public sectors. Overall, this thesis tends to benefit policy-makers involving in the Science Park development project, helping them perceive the implications of their on-going measures to Regional Science Park and related national innovation systems.

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Danby, Ryan Kenneth. "Regional ecology of the St. Elias Mountain Parks, a synthesis with management implications". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0006/MQ44814.pdf.

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Poirier, Desmond. "Skate parks : a guide for landscape architects". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/954.

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Rowland, Jennifer. "Conceptualizing Urban Green Space within Municipal Sustainability Plans| Parks, Tree Canopy, and Urban Gardens". Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1556725.

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As the concept of sustainability gains prominence in the U.S., municipal governments have begun adopting official sustainability plans to outline their goals for a sustainable future. However, with an absence of national guidelines or a streamlined definition of sustainability, these plans contain infinitely diverse goals, policies and motivations. One aspect of sustainability which has a diverse array of benefits and challenges is urban green space. This research uses content analysis and coding of municipal sustainability plans to gain insight into how U.S. cities conceptualize urban green space in the forms of parks, tree canopy and urban gardens and in the greater context of sustainability. This thesis specifically looks at the creation of municipal sustainability plans, how cities organize green space, how cities value green spaces, the kinds of green space goals and benchmarks that cities set, and the inclusion of equity in the realm of green spaces. The 20 case study cities have shown green spaces are an important component of sustainability planning and are conceptualized and included in varying and unique ways. The way a plan is created, the people involved or excluded from the plan creation process and the agreements or groups that cities join can impact how cities envision sustainability and how they conceptualize green space within the plan. The concepts of sustainability and green space appear to be best articulated and operationalized in the context of many voices, viewpoints and opinions. In the categorization of green space, this research found that only a few cities had headings specific to green space, but instead associated it primarily with other aspects of the natural environment. This research also found that the language used to describe green space is broad and varied. Standardization or concrete definitions of these terms may make plans more accessible. Cities discussed environmental, economic and social benefits of green spaces in their plans. Overall, cities valued environmental benefits the most and the majority of benefits identified in the plans are anthropocentric in nature. Some of the best practice green space goals identified within the plans were the inclusion of green corridors, native vegetation, increasing the tree canopy, changing zoning codes to include urban agriculture and goals related to equity and access. Overall, both the goal setting and measurement processes of urban green space serve as beneficial ways for cities to achieve their broader sustainability goals. However, these goals cannot be fully realized when their distribution and access are unequal across the city and when decisions are made without the input of local residents. This research found that there is a gulf between equity being mentioned in a plan, and the depth to which it is explored in the context of green space, leaving room for cities to improve their incorporation of equity in their planning for green spaces. This research has shown that cities conceptualize green spaces in a variety of ways and while there are several successes, there is also a lot of room for improvement in both green space planning and sustainability planning.

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Lenton, Jennifer L. "Identifying areas of concern for regional cumulative effects assessments in and around northern national parks in Canada". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ53272.pdf.

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Braga, Luci Merhy Martins 1959. "Parques agrários no baixo Jaguaribe = arquitetura rural da região dos perímetros irrigados resultante do planejamento de bacias hidrográficas". [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257843.

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Orientador: André Munhoz de Argollo Ferrão
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Abstract: Human interventions confer throughout history personality and typical characteristics in several regions. In Ceará, the region of the irrigated areas of low Jaguaribe is a good example of the interaction that takes place in the landscape, mainly by human disturbances - which reveals a mastery over nature - and by the landscapes when associated to the historic value of the place. This interaction results in a cultural landscape with relevant asset value marking man's work over territory. This research presents a case where the social and economic development of a region alters the landscape of the place and it is supported by sustainable processes based on appropriate management plan for water resources and advanced technology in irrigation and agricultural production. The irrigated fruit growing in the lower Jaguaribe area, in Brazil Ceara state northeastern is the resulting agent and at the same time induces the processes and the technical-scientific advances in engineering and architecture, creating wealth and important associated agribusiness assets. Considering possible associations with the introduction of irrigated fruit growing in the lower Jaguaribe area, the research was made under the focus of Rural Architecture, based on the Process Oriented Research Method, which approaches cultural and regional productive processes. The present work establishes a comparison between the irrigated areas of low Jaguaribe (and region that it includes) with the lower Llobregat Agrarian Park, located in the urban fringe of Barcelona, Spain, recognized as a model of regional development, revitalization on agricultural potential, where, through an intelligent management, it is possible to maintain the rural heritage and also promote local tourism. It appears that in the low Jaguaribe area the land management reflects the coevolution of the context generated by the use of high technology and simple and traditional production processes. Therefore, the choice of this region did not occur randomly, but by the great intervention that the integration of all its processes are generating over the dry landscape, turning "the place of dry" in a place of irrigated fruit production
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T10:55:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Braga_LuciMerhyMartins_M.pdf: 4252601 bytes, checksum: 47ca4b834e2e8e03b2c5742a007462a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: As intervenções humanas conferem ao longo da história, personalidade e características próprias em várias regiões. No Ceará, a região dos Perímetros Irrigados do baixo Jaguaribe é um bom exemplo da interação que ocorre na paisagem, principalmente pelas modificações antrópicas - que revelam um domínio sobre a natureza - e pelas paisagens quando associadas ao valor histórico do lugar. Desta interação resulta uma paisagem cultural de relevante valor patrimonial marcando o trabalho do homem sobre o território. Esta pesquisa apresenta um caso em que o desenvolvimento socioeconômico de uma região modifica a paisagem do lugar e é respaldado por processos sustentáveis que se assentam sobre adequado plano de gestão de recursos hídricos e avançada tecnologia de irrigação e produção agrícola. Trata-se de enxergar a fruticultura irrigada na região do baixo Jaguaribe, no nordeste do estado do Ceará, Brasil, como agente resultante e ao mesmo tempo indutor dos processos e dos avanços técnico-científicos da engenharia e da arquitetura, gerando riqueza e importante patrimônio agroindustrial associados. Levando-se em conta as possíveis associações, com a introdução da fruticultura irrigada no baixo Jaguaribe, buscou-se uma análise, sob o enfoque da Arquitetura Rural, baseada no Método de Pesquisa Orientada a Processos, que faz uma abordagem dos processos culturais e dos processos produtivos regionais. Estabelece-se uma comparação entre os Perímetros Irrigados do baixo Jaguaribe (e região que os compreende) com o Parque Agrário do baixo Llobregat reconhecido como modelo de desenvolvimento regional, na revitalização do potencial agrícola, onde, através de uma gestão inteligente, está sendo possível manter o patrimônio rural e ainda incentivar o turismo local, localizado na franja urbana de Barcelona, Espanha. No baixo Jaguaribe verifica-se que a ordenação do território reflete a coevolução do contexto gerado pelo emprego da alta tecnologia junto aos processos produtivos mais simples e tradicionais. Portanto, a escolha dessa região não se deu aleatoriamente, mas sim pela grande intervenção que a integração de todos os seus processos vem gerando sobre a paisagem da seca, transformando "o lugar do sertão" em lugar da fruticultura irrigada
Mestrado
Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais
Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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Abdullah, Yusfida Ayu Binti. "The benchmarking method and realistic evaluation as tools for the assessment of urban regeneration programmes : the case of regional parks". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/8893/.

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Despite the fact that urban regeneration has been practiced for more than 40 years, there is still a lack of rigorous research on what constitutes best practice in evaluating urban regeneration interventions. It can be argued that in the late 1970s and early 1980s, evaluations were mostly focused on assessing the feasibility of projects, while in the mid 1980s evaluations were mostly conducted to examine the outcomes of projects or programmes instead of their effectiveness. It was only after the late 1980s that programme evaluations were carried out to examine the effectiveness of a programme. However, in spite of this development, such assessments were still considered inadequate. In this research, for example, it was soon discovered that the evaluation of urban regeneration initiatives through a regional park programme was almost entirely performed in isolation without any attempt to compare them with other similar initiatives. The practice of a regional park programme in delivering urban regeneration initiatives is seen as an important programme in the UK given that it promotes a large area within a high urban population location. Additionally, a regional park provides the opportunities for recreational and leisure purposes especially for the locals and the region therefore plays a vital role as a visitor destination. Hence, in order to serve its purpose completely, the performance of this intervention is essential. The essence of this research therefore seeks to address the gaps and to inject a comparative dimension and find the appropriate tools to measure the performance of urban regeneration initiatives in contrast to the current standard evaluation procedures. The research has been designed with the aim of seeking practical and effective ways of applying the benchmarking method and realistic evaluation as a combined assessment tool in evaluating the performance of such initiatives. For this reason, the research focuses on the functioning of the urban regeneration schemes delivered through regional park programmes in the UK. In relation to this, a decision was taken to ‘benchmark’ the Mersey Waterfront Regional Park against the Lee Valley Regional Park and to examine both case studies by means of ‘realistic evaluation’. The rationale for choosing these particular regional parks was made based on the parks’ background. Both regional park programmes have placed emphasis on regeneration of their respective areas. The idea of this comparative exercise is therefore to explore the differences between the Mersey Waterfront and the Lee Valley in terms of programme implementation, project delivery, mechanisms for efficiency, outcomes of programme, the institutional arrangement, the key success factors and the key learning points. These areas of research were therefore justified for the purpose of measuring the performance of a regional park thus teasing out the practicality and potential of both evaluation methods. The end-result of this research discovered that there were various mechanisms affecting the performance of a regional park. Additionally, it was discovered that programme outcomes are influenced by programme settings and delivery mechanisms. The findings also reveal the key lessons to programme performance and the variations of work processes. Nevertheless, the most significant result is the practicality and benefits of using the benchmarking method and realistic evaluation as a combined assessment tool in examining urban regeneration initiatives delivered through regional parks.

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Mikelevičius, Laimis. "Lietuvos Respublikos valstybinių parkų veikla kompleksinio paveldo apsaugos srityje: idėjos ir praktika". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20140623_180404-32187.

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Kraštovaizdinė paveldosauga – tai gamtinių ir antropogeninių veiksnių sąveikos dėka teritorijoje susiformavusio gamtos ir kultūros paveldo apsauga. Tokia paveldosauga laikoma perspektyvesne kitų atžvilgiu, nes tai bendra kompleksinė paveldo apsauga, kai saugomas ne atskiras paminklas, bet visa susiformavusi aplinka – kraštovaizdis. Tai veda link geresnio užtikrinimo, kad vertingas kultūros ir gamtos paveldas bus išsaugotas dabarties ir ateities kartoms. Šios temos pasirinkimą įtakojo siekis išnagrinėti ar tokia paveldosauga egzistuoja Lietuvoje ir kaip ji įgyvendinama praktikoje, taip pat kokią vietą moksliniu pagrindu suformuotoje saugomų teritorijų sistemoje užima kraštovaizdžio apsauga. Vienas esminių darbo aspektų – Amerikos (JAV ir Kanados), Australijos, Europos, Japonijos ir tarptautinės kraštovaizdinės paveldosaugos sampratų palyginamoji analizė su Lietuvoje išvystyta ir suformuota samprata. Pastarasis akcentas svarbus, nes Lietuvos bendros gamtos ir kultūros paveldo apsaugos idėjinis lygmuo dar nebuvo nuosekliai nagrinėtas. Taip pat svarbia detale galima įvardinti kraštovaizdinės paveldosaugos lokalizavimą bendrame paveldosaugos kontekste bei nagrinėtą gamtos ir kultūros dėmenų kaitą. Lietuvos kraštovaizdinę paveldosaugą galima vertinti kaip idėjiniu lygmeniu paremtą ir šios sampratos kūrėjų atstovaujamą šaką, kas ją išskiria iš kitų paveldosaugos sričių. Tokią išvadą leidžia kelti P. Kavaliausko ir J. Bučo sampratų analizė ir nuoseklus darbas vystant kraštovaizdžio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Landscape heritage protection is nature‘s and culture‘s heritage protection which was settled because of interaction of natural and anthropogenic factors in the area. This heritage protection is better than others because it is common integrated, when not a separate monument is protected, but all landscape. This type of heritage protection leads to a better security that valuable culture and nature heritage will be saved for nowadays and future generations. The topic of this paper was chosen to see if this kind of heritage protection exists in Lithuania and how it is performed in practice. In addition to this, to see what place landscape heritage protection takes in system of protected areas formed on scientific bases. One of the aims of this paper is to compare Lithuanian landscape heritage protection concepts with concepts of USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Europe and international landscape heritage protection concept. This is very important because this concept in Lithuania was not analyzed before. What is more, it is important to name the localization of landscape heritage protection in the context of common heritage protection and vicissitude of nature and culture factors. Lithuanian landscape heritage protection could be rated as a concept based on ideological level and represented by its creators. That is what separates it from other fields of heritage protection. This conclusion can be made because of analyses made by P. Kavaliauskas is J. Bučas and consistent work... [to full text]

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Larsen, Katarina. "Innovation Processes and Environmental Planning : Science and Technology Policies in a Regional Context". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-416.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Regional parks"

Murdoch, G. J. Dreamers of the day: A history of Auckland's regional parks. Auckland, N.Z: Random House New Zealand, 2010.

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Amoroso, Sara, Albert N. Link e Mike Wright, eds. Science and Technology Parks and Regional Economic Development. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30963-3.

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Ontario. Ministry of Environment and Energy. Niagara Escarpment plan. Toronto, Ont: Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1994.

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Dubreuil, Céline. Une expérience de développement durable: La gestion harmonique dans les parcs départementaux de la Seine-Saint-Denis de 1990 à 2005. Mèze: Biotope, 2006.

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La red de parques arqueológicos: El apogeo del Tawantinsuyo y el desarrollo regional del Cusco. Cusco: Instituto Nacional de Cultura, Dirección Regional de Cultura de Cusco, 2007.

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A, Goldstein Harvey, ed. Technology in the garden: Research parks and regional economic development. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.

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Dooley, Brendan. Yellagonga Regional Park: Management plan, 2003-2013. [Perth, W.A.]: CALM, 2003.

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Margolin, Malcolm. The East Bay out: A personal guide to the East Bay regional parks. Berkeley, Calif: Heyday Books, 1988.

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Seibikyoku, Japan Kokudochō Daitoshiken. Kansai bunka gakujutsu kenkyū toshi kankei shiryōshū. [Tokyo]: Kokudochō Daitoshiken Seibikyoku, 1988.

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Federico, Niccolini, e Sargolini Massimo, eds. Parks and territory: New perspectives in planning and organization. Trento: LISt Lab Laboratorio Internazioale Editoriale, 2012.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Regional parks"

Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés, e Daniel Hardy. "Cultivating Innovation in Parks". In SpringerBriefs in Regional Science, 23–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07992-9_4.

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Chaolin, Gu. "High Technology Parks in China". In Regional Science in Developing Countries, 100–124. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25459-0_8.

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Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés, e Daniel Hardy. "Are Parks in Emerging Countries Delivering?" In SpringerBriefs in Regional Science, 67–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07992-9_7.

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Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés, e Daniel Hardy. "The Theoretical Building Blocks for Technology and Industrial Parks". In SpringerBriefs in Regional Science, 7–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07992-9_2.

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Doutriaux, Jérôme. "Canadian Science Parks, Universities, and Regional Development". In Local and Regional Systems of Innovation, 303–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5551-3_15.

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Leimgruber, Walter. "Nature Parks: Valorising Regional Potential—The Gruyère Pays-d’Enhaut Regional Nature Park (Fribourg/Vaud, Switzerland)". In Responses to Geographical Marginality and Marginalization, 85–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51342-9_6.

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Jiménez-Sánchez, Montserrat, Daniel Ballesteros, Laura Rodríguez-Rodríguez e María José Domínguez-Cuesta. "The Picos de Europa National and Regional Parks". In World Geomorphological Landscapes, 155–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8628-7_13.

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Scoon, Roger N. "Basement Complexes and Regional Plateaus". In Geology of National Parks of Central/Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania, 31–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73785-0_4.

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Voghera, Angioletta. "Regional Planning for Linking Parks and Landscape: Innovative Issues". In Nature Policies and Landscape Policies, 137–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05410-0_14.

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Horie, Noriko. "The Role of Parks in the Inheritance of Regional Memories of Disasters". In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 177–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7619-1_10.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Regional parks"

Andrey, Plakhin, Ogorodnikova Ekaterina e Sidorenko Mikhail. "Industrial parks as an effective instrument of regional investment policy". In 2nd International Conference on Economics and Management, Education, Humanities and Social Sciences (EMEHSS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emehss-18.2018.28.

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Rivza, Baiba, e Uldis Plumite. "POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT MODELS OF LATVIAN AMUSEMENT PARKS". In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/37.

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There are more than 14 amusement parks in Latvia, located in different areas. Latvia's amusement parks have been little studied and there is not much information about their importance in the regional economy, as well as the contribution to the tourism and business sector. These are places that are widely used by tourists, often related to the regional business environment, as there are shops and hotels nearby, as well as other types of service that visitors need. Latvian amusement parks can be divided into three groups: terrestrial, water and technical scientific amusement parks. Many of them are located near cities, for example, amusement park "Lemberga Hute" near Ventspils, city by the Baltic Sea with 38059 residents in 2019 (according to PMLP data), "Livu water amusement park" located in Jurmala, which is a city with 56696 thousand residents 2020 (according to PMLP data). One of the determining factors of the development of amusement parks is the growth of cities and their adjacent territories, which enables them to form both in terms of infrastructure and population growth. Regional economic indicators are an important factor for regional growth.

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Xu, Jie, Ning Zhou e Fengdan Shi. "Regional Economy Growth and Convergence: An Empirical Study on China's Science Parks". In 2008 International Symposiums on Information Processing ISIP. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isip.2008.133.

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Hein, Andreas M., Marija Jankovic, Romain Farel e Bernard Yannou. "A Conceptual Framework for Eco-Industrial Parks". In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46322.

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An eco-industrial park is a set of businesses that share resources in order to increase profitability and reduce environmental impact. The implementation of eco-industrial parks may significantly contribute to the creation of a sustainable economy. Despite this prospect, the actual development of eco-industrial parks is challenging, as a variety of factors must be considered. Not only technical, economic, and environmental factors are relevant but numerous stakeholder relationships as well, such as between firms, governmental bodies, and local communities. This paper presents a conceptual framework that is used to capture these diverse aspects and the relationships between them. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used for modeling its concepts and relationships. First, based on a literature survey, relevant concepts of eco-industrial parks are identified. One central concept is “industrial symbiosis”. A novel value-based interpretation of industrial symbiosis is presented. Second, the park’s economic, local and regional development context, as well as its internal technical components and their relationships are modeled. Finally, the framework is used for modeling a concrete eco-industrial park, in this case part of the Kalundborg eco-industrial park.

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Dumitrașcu, Monica, Alexandra Vrînceanu, Irena Mocanu, Paul Șerban, Ines Grigorescu e Bianca Mitrică. "REGIONAL ANALYISIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PARKS IN ROMANIA. A SOWCASE OF WEST DEVELOPMENT REGION". In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/12.

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Electricity production has the greatest impact on socio-economic development in Romania. However, it is also responsible for the cumulative (often negative) environmental effects. In order to meet the energy demand, while achieving the Energy and Climate Change goals, Renewable Energy has become an important alternative, especially during 2010-2013 period when substantial funding has been allocated. Renewable energy sources available in Romania (hydro, solar, geothermal, wind and biomass) have the capacity to reduce greenhouse gases and improve population health by producing energy without using fossil fuels. The current study focuses on the examination of environmental and socio-economic impact of photovoltaic (PV) energy in the West Development Region (WDR). The area is located in the western part of Romania, covering 32,028 km2 (13.4% of the country's surface) and gathering 1,828 million inhabitants (9.4% of the country's population). It includes four counties: Timiș, Arad, Caraş-Severin and Hunedoara. For the current study, 35 photovoltaic parks were identified, mapped and analysed, based on which several indicators were computed in order to highlight the environmental and socio-economic consequences: share of PV parks/land use category/main soil type; distance to forests, waters, Natura 2000; no. of jobs created during the construction/operation of the PV parks; the value of PV parks investment; the impact on the local budget. The total analyzed area covers 177.76 ha.

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Sun, Jian, Tao Chen e Hongyong Yuan. "Regional Administrative Measures Promote Safe Development of Chemical Industrial Parks in Shandong Province of China". In the 2019 International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3335550.3335559.

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Shtoiko, P., V. Khudoba, P. Kucher, V. Hrekh e A. Kukhtiy. "From the experience of using GIS technologies for studying tourist resources of national natural and regional landscape parks". In International Conference of Young Professionals «GeoTerrace-2020». European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20205733.

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Rivza, Baiba, e Uldis Plumite. "LATVIAN THEME PARK DEVELOPMENT IN KURZEME AND VIDZEME". In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/36.

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The economy of Latvia is experiencing rapid development in the European Union and is an active participant of the United Nations and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. In recent years there have been several changes in both sectors and national economic policy. The total population in Latvia was estimated at 1.9 million inhabitants in 2019 and a total GDP per capita was 63% of the EU average, the lowest GDP per capita in purchasing power parity was recorded in Bulgaria - 46% of the EU average, Romania - 60% and Croatia - 62%. Lithuanian and Estonian GDP per capita in 2019 was accounted for 74% of the EU average. Latvia has more than 12 theme parks, but the amusement offer is small. Most of the theme parks are mostly located in Kurzeme and Vidzeme. Attraction Parks historically evolved near the big cities, where the infrastructure is highly developed. The aim is to increase the influx of tourists in regions where tourism products are amusement parks, thus developing more local businesses and the city's environment, increasing the demand for an active economic environment, but regional laws often hinder this development.

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Dumitrescu, Daniela. "REGIONAL PARKS - THE ALTERNATIVE FOR RENEWING THE SENSITIVE RURAL AREAS WITH POTENTIAL FOR AGROTOURISM. CASE STUDY: BRAN-RUCAR CORRIDOR". In 14th SGEM GeoConference on ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION AND LEGISLATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b53/s23.111.

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Stemberk, Josef. "ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ŠUMAVA NATIONAL PARK". In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.73.

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The main task of nature protection is to preserve or improve the current state of nature. Thus, it might seem that the economic benefits of the national park are not important for the management of the protected area, but calculating the economic benefits of protected areas for the region improves its acceptance among locals and visitors, as well as political and economic actors. From 2017 to 2019, Šumava National Park (Bohemian Forest National Park) in the Czech Republic and Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald (Bavarian Forest National Park) were subjected to extensive socio-economic monitoring, which included, among other things, research focusing on the economic benefits that visitors brought to both national parks. This article presents the results of research of the regional economic benefits that visitors brought to Šumava National Park compared with those in Bavarian Forest National Park, although the methods and findings were not absolutely identical and therefore difficult to compare.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Regional parks"

Michalak, Julia, Josh Lawler, John Gross e Caitlin Littlefield. A strategic analysis of climate vulnerability of national park resources and values. National Park Service, setembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287214.

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The U.S. national parks have experienced significant climate-change impacts and rapid, on-going changes are expected to continue. Despite the significant climate-change vulnerabilities facing parks, relatively few parks have conducted comprehensive climate-change vulnerability assessments, defined as assessments that synthesize vulnerability information from a wide range of sources, identify key climate-change impacts, and prioritize vulnerable park resources (Michalak et al. In review). In recognition that funding and planning capacity is limited, this project was initiated to identify geographies, parks, and issues that are high priorities for conducting climate-change vulnerability assessments (CCVA) and strategies to efficiently address the need for CCVAs across all U.S. National Park Service (NPS) park units (hereafter “parks”) and all resources. To help identify priority geographies and issues, we quantitatively assessed the relative magnitude of vulnerability factors potentially affecting park resources and values. We identified multiple vulnerability factors (e.g., temperature change, wildfire potential, number of at-risk species, etc.) and sought existing datasets that could be developed into indicators of these factors. To be included in the study, datasets had to be spatially explicit or already summarized for individual parks and provide consistent data for at least all parks within the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). The need for consistent data across such a large geographic extent limited the number of datasets that could be included, excluded some important drivers of climate-change vulnerability, and prevented adequate evaluation of some geographies. The lack of adequately-scaled data for many key vulnerability factors, such as freshwater flooding risks and increased storm activity, highlights the need for both data development and more detailed vulnerability assessments at local to regional scales where data for these factors may be available. In addition, most of the available data at this scale were related to climate-change exposures, with relatively little data available for factors associated with climate-change sensitivity or adaptive capacity. In particular, we lacked consistent data on the distribution or abundance of cultural resources or accessible data on infrastructure across all parks. We identified resource types, geographies, and critical vulnerability factors that lacked data for NPS’ consideration in addressing data gaps. Forty-seven indicators met our criteria, and these were combined into 21 climate-change vulnerability factors. Twenty-seven indicators representing 12 vulnerability factors addressed climate-change exposure (i.e., projected changes in climate conditions and impacts). A smaller number of indictors measured sensitivity (12 indicators representing 5 vulnerability factors). The sensitivity indicators often measured park or landscape characteristics which may make resources more or less responsive to climate changes (e.g., current air quality) as opposed to directly representing the sensitivity of specific resources within the park (e.g., a particular rare species or type of historical structure). Finally, 6 indicators representing 4 vulnerability factors measured external adaptive capacity for living resources (i.e., characteristics of the park and/or surrounding landscape which may facilitate or impede species adaptation to climate changes). We identified indicators relevant to three resource groups: terrestrial living, aquatic living (including living cultural resources such as culturally significant landscapes, plant, or animal species) and non-living resources (including infrastructure and non-living cultural resources such as historic buildings or archeological sites). We created separate indicator lists for each of these resource groups and analyzed them separately. To identify priority geographies within CONUS,...

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Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald e Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, junho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...

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Hostetler, Steven, Cathy Whitlock, Bryan Shuman, David Liefert, Charles Wolf Drimal e Scott Bischke. Greater Yellowstone climate assessment: past, present, and future climate change in greater Yellowstone watersheds. Montana State University, junho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/gyca2021.

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The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) is one of the last remaining large and nearly intact temperate ecosystems on Earth (Reese 1984; NPSa undated). GYA was originally defined in the 1970s as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, which encompassed the minimum range of the grizzly bear (Schullery 1992). The boundary was enlarged through time and now includes about 22 million acres (8.9 million ha) in northwestern Wyoming, south central Montana, and eastern Idaho. Two national parks, five national forests, three wildlife refuges, 20 counties, and state and private lands lie within the GYA boundary. GYA also includes the Wind River Indian Reservation, but the region is the historical home to several Tribal Nations. Federal lands managed by the US Forest Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service amount to about 64% (15.5 million acres [6.27 million ha] or 24,200 square miles [62,700 km2]) of the land within the GYA. The federal lands and their associated wildlife, geologic wonders, and recreational opportunities are considered the GYA’s most valuable economic asset. GYA, and especially the national parks, have long been a place for important scientific discoveries, an inspiration for creativity, and an important national and international stage for fundamental discussions about the interactions of humans and nature (e.g., Keiter and Boyce 1991; Pritchard 1999; Schullery 2004; Quammen 2016). Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872 as the world’s first national park, is the heart of the GYA. Grand Teton National Park, created in 1929 and expanded to its present size in 1950, is located south of Yellowstone National Park1 and is dominated by the rugged Teton Range rising from the valley of Jackson Hole. The Gallatin-Custer, Shoshone, Bridger-Teton, Caribou-Targhee, and Beaverhead-Deerlodge national forests encircle the two national parks and include the highest mountain ranges in the region. The National Elk Refuge, Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge also lie within GYA.

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Canfield, Jessica, e Elise Fagan. Blue Hole Regional Park. Landscape Architecture Foundation, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31353/cs0450.

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Runyon, Amber, Gregor Schuurman, Brian Miller, Amy Symstad e Amanda Hardy. Climate change scenario planning for resource stewardship at Wind Cave National Park: Climate change scenario planning summary. National Park Service, julho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286672.

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This report explains scenario planning as a climate change adaptation tool in general, then describes how it was applied to Wind Cave National Park as the second part of a pilot project to dovetail climate change scenario planning with National Park Service (NPS) Resource Stewardship Strategy development. In the orientation phase, Park and regional NPS staff, other subject-matter experts, natural and cultural resource planners, and the climate change core team who led the scenario planning project identified priority resource management topics and associated climate sensitivities. Next, the climate change core team used this information to create a set of four divergent climate futures—summaries of relevant climate data from individual climate projections—to encompass the range of ways climate could change in coming decades in the park. Participants in the scenario planning workshop then developed climate futures into robust climate-resource scenarios that considered expert-elicited resource impacts and identified potential management responses. Finally, the scenario-based resource responses identified by park staff and subject matter experts were used to integrate climate-informed adaptations into resource stewardship goals and activities for the park's Resource Stewardship Strategy. This process of engaging resource managers in climate change scenario planning ensures that their management and planning decisions are informed by assessments of critical future climate uncertainties.

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Tella, S., D. Paul, W. J. Davis, R. G. Berman, H A Sandeman, T. D. Peterson, S J Pehrsson e J. A. Kerswill. Bedrock geology compilation and regional synthesis, parts of Hearne domain, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/221124.

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Thomas, Catherine, e Lynne Koontz. 2020 national park visitor spending effects: Economic contributions to local communities, states, and the nation. National Park Service, maio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286547.

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The National Park Service (NPS) manages the Nation’s most iconic destinations that attract millions of visitors from across the Nation and around the world. Trip-related spending by NPS visitors generates and supports economic activity within park gateway communities. This report summarizes the annual economic contribution analysis that measures how NPS visitor spending cycles through local economies, generating business sales and supporting jobs and income. In 2020, the National Park System received over 237 million recreation visits (down 28% from 2019). Visitors to national parks spent an estimated $14.5 billion in local gateway regions (down 31% from 2019). The estimated contribution of this spending to the national economy was 234,000 jobs, $9.7 billion in labor income, $16.7 billion in value added, and $28.6 billion in economic output. The lodging sector saw the highest direct effects, with $5 billion in economic output directly contributed to this sector nationally. The restaurants sector saw the next greatest effects, with $3 billion in economic output directly contributed to this sector nationally. Results from the Visitor Spending Effects report series are available online via an interactive tool. Users can view year-by-year trend data and explore current year visitor spending, jobs, labor income, value added, and economic output effects by sector for national, state, and local economies. The interactive tool is available at https://www.nps.gov/subjects/socialscience/vse.htm.

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Ruiz, Pablo, Craig Perry, Alejando Garcia, Magali Guichardot, Michael Foguer, Joseph Ingram, Michelle Prats, Carlos Pulido, Robert Shamblin e Kevin Whelan. The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project: Interim report—Northwest Coastal Everglades (Region 4), Everglades National Park (revised with costs). National Park Service, novembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279586.

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The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project is part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). It is a cooperative effort between the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the National Park Service’s (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program (VMI). The goal of this project is to produce a spatially and thematically accurate vegetation map of Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve prior to the completion of restoration efforts associated with CERP. This spatial product will serve as a record of baseline vegetation conditions for the purpose of: (1) documenting changes to the spatial extent, pattern, and proportion of plant communities within these two federally-managed units as they respond to hydrologic modifications resulting from the implementation of the CERP; and (2) providing vegetation and land-cover information to NPS park managers and scientists for use in park management, resource management, research, and monitoring. This mapping project covers an area of approximately 7,400 square kilometers (1.84 million acres [ac]) and consists of seven mapping regions: four regions in Everglades National Park, Regions 1–4, and three in Big Cypress National Preserve, Regions 5–7. The report focuses on the mapping effort associated with the Northwest Coastal Everglades (NWCE), Region 4 , in Everglades National Park. The NWCE encompasses a total area of 1,278 square kilometers (493.7 square miles [sq mi], or 315,955 ac) and is geographically located to the south of Big Cypress National Preserve, west of Shark River Slough (Region 1), and north of the Southwest Coastal Everglades (Region 3). Photo-interpretation was performed by superimposing a 50 × 50-meter (164 × 164-feet [ft] or 0.25 hectare [0.61 ac]) grid cell vector matrix over stereoscopic, 30 centimeters (11.8 inches) spatial resolution, color-infrared aerial imagery on a digital photogrammetric workstation. Photo-interpreters identified the dominant community in each cell by applying majority-rule algorithms, recognizing community-specific spectral signatures, and referencing an extensive ground-truth database. The dominant vegetation community within each grid cell was classified using a hierarchical classification system developed specifically for this project. Additionally, photo-interpreters categorized the absolute cover of cattail (Typha sp.) and any invasive species detected as either: Sparse (10–49%), Dominant (50–89%), or Monotypic (90–100%). A total of 178 thematic classes were used to map the NWCE. The most common vegetation classes are Mixed Mangrove Forest-Mixed and Transitional Bayhead Shrubland. These two communities accounted for about 10%, each, of the mapping area. Other notable classes include Short Sawgrass Marsh-Dense (8.1% of the map area), Mixed Graminoid Freshwater Marsh (4.7% of the map area), and Black Mangrove Forest (4.5% of the map area). The NWCE vegetation map has a thematic class accuracy of 88.4% with a lower 90th Percentile Confidence Interval of 84.5%.

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Friske, P. W. B., M. W. McCurdy, R. G. Balma, S. J. A. Day, J J Lynch e C. C. Durham. Regional stream sediment and water data, youtheastern Yukon, parts of NTS 95D and 105A. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/208204.

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