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1
Clarin, Malin. "Climate refugees, refugees or under own protection? : A comparative study between climate refugees and refugees embraced by the United Nations Refugee Convention". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7685.
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Global warming is a current topic on the international agenda. The rise of temperature in the atmosphere threatens populations living on island, deltas and coastal areas, and people living nearby the Arctic and areas covered by permafrost are threatened. In turn this leads to the people in these areas being projected to be homeless or displaced due to climate change and the rising numbers of natural disasters. Those people are what you can label as climate refugees. According to IOM and Brown (2001) climate refugees are persons who for compelling reasons of change in the environment which change their living conditions have to escape their homes, either within their country or abroad.The United Nations Refugee Convention is the binding legislation followed by 147 (in 2008) of the UN member states. Either the UN Refugee Convention or any other international law recognizes climate refugees, and those people are due to that not granted any legal status. Who will protect these people when they have to escape their homes? This paper aims to explore what distinguish climate refugees from the refugees embraced by the UN Refugee Convention by a comparative literature review, for in this way be able to recognize the assumptions that make the United Nations to not classify climate refugees with refugee status. Both groups of refugees has in common that they live under the pressured decision they have to make as they flee their native homes to ensure their own and their families survival according to Grove (2006).In the long run both climate refugees and the UN Refugee Convention embraced refugees face the same traumatic experiences escaping their homes and have due to that the similar right to get the same mental help and be protected under international law. But populations facing the effects of global warming do not want to leave their land and believe it is an issue of human rights.
2
Davidson, Alyssa Carol. "Refugees and Media Framing During the Refugee Crisis". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7365.
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At the end of 2018, more than 68.5 million people were displaced from their homes. Of these displaced persons, 22.5 million of these people were forced to leave their homes and find safety in another country. These people are known globally as refugees. Many of these refugees in recent years have fled to Western countries in Europe and North America. This immigration and the general subject of refugees and their integration into their host countries have recently been a large subject for media. Many of these refugees came from countries and cultures that may carry stigmatic backgrounds including Middle Eastern and African countries. For decades, media portrayals in entertainment, social, media, and news media have shown people from these countries in certain ways that may conflict with truthful characteristics of people from these cultures. The purpose of this study is to help better understand how refugees<'> personal assimilation experiences compare to information distributed by the media. Through researching existing studies of media portrayals of refugees and Muslims through the lens of framing theory readers can better understand what information is distributed in Western cultures about refugees. Then, through conducting in-depth interviews with refugees hosted in Europe and the United States, seeking understanding of refugees<'> personal stories, life experiences, and their perceptions of media representations of people of their same refugee status, readers may additionally better understand any differences in the portrayal of refugees and the experiences had by refugees themselves. Using grounded theory, poignant themes emerged from the interviews to explain how interviewed refugees<'> lives are similar or differ and are affected by Western media portrayals. Emergent themes indicated that primarily polarized news accounts may interfere with refugee acculturation by making social and cultural connections difficult, discrepancies in qualifications, and issues with misunderstanding refugees<'> lack of mobility. Additionally, refugee sentiments about refugee media portrayals and acculturation were evaluated to better understand how the media affects their assimilation processes.
3
PEREIRA, JULIANA ERVILHA TEIXEIRA. "ENVIRONMENTAL REFUGEES: REFUGEES OR MIGRANTS?" PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29265@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar argumentação que permita que o debate sobre a categorização jurídica dos refugiados ambientais seja feito a partir da premissa de que é inviável deixar a situação destes seres humanos, tal como está, ou seja, sem a proteção jurídica que lhes é devida. Para tanto, partir-se-á da ideia de cidadania, resultante não somente da sociedade globalizada, mas também cosmopolita e de risco. As dificuldades advindas da determinação do conceito de refugiado ambiental, diz respeito para além do direito internacional humanitário e do direito internacional dos refugiados, aos direitos humanos e traz no seu desenvolvimento a ideia da insuficiência da atual resposta do direito internacional como um todo. Neste sentido, é que foram traçados os raciocínios apresentados neste trabalho, de forma a buscar embasamento sólido para a resposta ao status jurídico dos refugiados ambientais, como nova categoria de refugiados.
This thesis aims to present an argument that alllows the debate on the legal categorization of environmental refugees be done in terms of taking into consideration that it is not feasible to leave their situation without the legal protection due them as it is. To achieve this end, the idea of citizenship will be the the starting idea, as a result not only from the globalized society we live in, but also cosmopolitan and of risk. The difficulties arised from the determination of the concept of environmental refugees is related more to respect for human rights than to international humanitarian law and international refugee law, and brings in its development the idea of the inadequacy of the current response of international law as a whole. Moreover, that reasoning has been traced in order to seek foundation for responding to the legal status of environmental refugees, as a new category of refugees.
4
Hortsing, Zosia Mira. "Roma refugees : international refugee protection and Europe's 'internal outsiders'". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28121.
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The paper is concerned with the position of Roma refugees within the
international refugee protection system, and how they face exclusion from asylum
in an international context in which migration is represented as a threat to state
sovereignty. Specifically, the paper argues that, because of their status both as Roma
and as refugees, Roma refugees are represented and treated by states as a double
threat to the territorial state order. As a result, they are subject to a unique logic of
double exclusion that limits their ability to seek and obtain refugee protection after
fleeing persecution in their home states. This exclusion operates at three distinct
levels in the international system: within the European Union (EU), harmonized
asylum policy among member states prevents Roma refugees from Europe from
accessing refugee protection in other EU countries; in non‐European destination
countries, states use interdiction measures to prevent refugees from arriving on
state territory; and in the refugee determination process itself, some decisionmakers
use stereotyping, racial profiling and problematic assessments of ethnicity
to unnecessarily reject certain Roma claims. These three levels of exclusion operate
simultaneously to limit Roma refugees’ chances of being granted refugee protection
under the current system. Furthermore, these mechanisms of exclusion are often
framed by a discourse that de-legitimizes Roma refugee claims and portrays these
refugees as ‘bogus’ claimants or ‘illegal migrants’ out to take advantage of liberal
refugee policy, rather than people potentially fleeing persecution and seeking
surrogate protection under international law.
5
Buyer, Meritt. "Beyond the refugee label : identity and agency among Somali refugees". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7790.
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Includes abstract.|Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-103).As the world refugee population continues to rise, so the debate over how to best assist those who have been displaced intensifies. Humanitarian practices often have a disempowering effect on individuals instead of helping them to become self-sufficient. This problem is compounded by the gap between the realities on the ground and the overarching policies of both governments and organizations. In South Africa, the plethora of social issues, the lack of long-term solutions for refugee resettlement and the unsuccessful implementation of national policies relating to refugees contribute to the xenophobia that has become prevalent across the country. When the xenophobic sentiment turns violent, the Somali community has been targeted in the most extreme ways. Using the oral history methodology, this study draws on 17 life story interviews with Somali refugees residing in the Cape Town area. The interviews focus on the refugees' experience with humanitarian organizations and the government policy of their host country. By exploring their memories of Somalia and their relationship to their homeland, as well as their experiences in exile, it becomes evident that the Somalis' personal histories impact on how they negotiate the different forms of assistance that are available, or the lack thereof. Those who have had little control over their own lies in the past continue to have greater difficulty reaching their financial and educational goals, integrating onto South African society, and accessing the rights granted to them by law. Those who historically had some amount of agency continue to do so, despite the disempowering effects of mass assistance programs. In order for governments and organizations to be successful in their mission to assist and resettle refugees, they must have a more complete understanding of the history and cultural norms of assistance of the communities with whom they are working, as well as the realities of the current circumstances. The oral history method, with its ability to account for personal subjectivity, narrative authority, and historical agency, allows for in-depth exploration into the impact of policies created by the external bodies of international aid organizations, national governments, and local organizations at the grassroots level.
6
Ondja'a, Bertin. "Refugee Resettlement Program in Hamilton County: Housing Needs for Refugees". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1243365744.
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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.[Advisor: Johanna W. Looye]. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Oct. 20, 2009). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
7
Oberoi, Pia A. "Refugees on the Indian subcontinent : the construction of state refugee policy". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420436.
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Ramadan, Adam. "Violent Geographies of Exile : Palestinian refugees and refugee camps in Lebanon". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517330.
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Jacobsen, Malene H. "UNSETTLING REFUGE: SYRIAN REFUGEES’ ACCOUNT OF LIFE IN DENMARK". UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/62.
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This doctoral dissertation examines the lived experiences of refuge in Denmark from the perspectives of Syrian refugees. Situated within feminist political geography, it moves beyond examining geopolitics merely from the perspective of the law, the state, and policy makers. Instead, it seeks to grasp the ways in which geopolitics are encountered, experienced, and negotiated on the ground – by the people who are most affected by state policies and practices. It draws on more than ten months of ethnographic fieldwork in Denmark with Syrian refugees, including semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and participant observations, as well as interviews with state and non-state actors providing assistance to Syrian refugees in Jordan. This dissertation brings insights from feminist political geography into conversation with those from critical refugee studies, border studies, geographies of law, and postcolonial studies in order to unsettle core ideas and terms of reference surrounding what refuge is and how it is practiced.
This dissertation makes three distinct but closely related arguments. First, focusing on family reunification of refugees and how this form of protection became a target in the Danish state’s efforts to prevent refugee immigration, I argue that the geopolitics of refuge needs to be examined in a way that includes but also moves beyond the actual territorial border line as well as the legal border (i.e. the moment a person obtains protection and legal status). Second, through an examination of Syrian refugees’ everyday encounters with the Danish state, I draw attention to the disjunctures between idealized notions of refuge with its ostensible ‘humanitarian’ ethos and the practical articulations of refuge as manifested in the everyday lived experiences of refugees. This is what I term lived refuge. I argue, however, that the dissonances between idealized and actually existing refuge point to the persistent presence of governance within refuge, rather than a lack or an absence of ‘true’ humanitarianism - i.e. a promise of freedom, betterment, and prospect that did not fully materialize. Instead, the state practices, which refugees are subject to within refuge, are enabled and normalized through the asymmetrical relationships between the state and the refugee. Third, calling attention to how Syrian refugees experience, articulate and locate war, I trouble prevailing geographical imaginations of “Europe” and Denmark as spaces of peace, safety, and prosperity. Drawing on Syrians’ experiences of war, I argue that attending to everyday experiences of war in refuge prompts a re-articulation of where war is, what counts as war, and who decides.
10
Lippert, Randy. "Governing refugees". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0035/NQ27187.pdf.
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Celik, Elcin. "Bosnian Refugees in Bowling Green, Kentucky: Refugee Resettlement and Community Based Research". TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1190.
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To understand the reasons for the increase in recent years of the Bosnian population in Bowling Green, Kentucky and their adaptation problems as refugees in their host country, this study focused upon the Bosnian community in Bowling Green and addressed what the role of their challenges is in the shaping of refugees’ new life in their host country. Extensive literature review helped to emerge that for an understanding of the situation of the refugees, their interaction in the host country is more meaningful topic for research.
This study employed qualitative research methods, drawing from existing empirical studies addressing resettlement in the context of the informants’ wartime experiences. Initially, the researcher approached patrons at Bosnian restaurants and worshipers at local mosques to find Bosnian people. Snowball sampling used to identify Bosnian refugees living in the Bowling Green community.
Twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted for needs assessment and issue identification. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed in an attempt to understand the difficulties of adaptation among Bosnian refugees living in Bowling Green.
A qualitative case study approach was chosen because it was the most effective way to gain knowledge of refugees’ experiences and perceptions in the context of the societies in which they resettled.
Findings revealed that interviewed group struggled with mostly language and employment challenges to integration. Social support was provided through organizations that included Americans aided integration and the families resettled before as they provided significant support is directing resettlement.
Banki’s (2004) and Jacobsen’s (2001) indicators of refugee integration were used to in order to determine to the extent to which this sample of Bosnian refugees are integrated into their host county.
12
Loulopoulou, Angela Ioanna. "Positive psychology and the refugee experience : shifting perceptions and attitudes towards refugees". Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528855.
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Verhulst, Monika. "Resocialisation of children in refugee camps : a comparison between the WWII situation and modern Indochina". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26753.
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The phenomenon of the refugee exodus is not unique to the twentieth century. On the contrary, refugee masses have existed since the dawn of Empires and the wars which accompanied their construction. However, the twentieth century is, in many respects, a turning point in the aggravation of the refugee problem:
The modern nation state, consolidated after WWI, implies a rigid partition of formerly porous territories. Whereas in the nineteenth century the questions relating to refugees were treated on a more individual level, without public intervention, the compartmentalisation of the world gave rise to an international dimension of these specific population movements.
Modern technologies enable the nations to make intensified wars and to generate mass destruction. This phenomenon, accelerated by the rise of totalitarian regimes3, has led to an increasing number of uprooted people.
The world-wide decline in mortality rates and the resulting over-population in countries of the South, combined with an uneven distribution of resources, and the ruthless over-exploitation of land are at the origin of an intensifying economic and ecological dimension of the refugee problem.
Today, the number of uprooted men, women and children is greater than ever before. The U.S. Committee for Refugees reported an increase of 52,595 of the world's refugees4 between 1984 and 1989. Presently, there exist over 15.1 million refugees, of which children represent nearly one half of the total (7.5 million)5 . The number of displaced persons (about 20 Million) is even more important.
14
Campbell, Erin. ""Refugees" and Others". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955061/.
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Refugees, a novel in progress, begins in the collective first-person with a group of people who live on the same residential street of middle-class homes in an east coast American city and are experiencing the most exquisitely vivid aurora borealis to appear in recorded history. But they quickly learn that this gorgeous wonder is a harbinger of civilization's demise and possibly the end of all life on the planet, because the solar storms causing the sky's fantastic nightly coloring is also slowly stripping away the atmosphere and leeching oxygen into space. This "we" narrative switches to third person, moving between two characters—Julie and Amira—as the narrative moves forward. The first chapter covers the first few months of this apocalyptic crisis, and Julie and Amira are central as they are forced decide if they still have the strength and the will to even attempt survival in these new and brutal circumstances. The second chapter, also told in third person, picks up seventeen years in the future with Aya, Amira's daughter who was six during the initial atmospheric disaster. A small group survived in an underwater refuge, recently discovered the atmosphere above had healed over time, and sent an excursion group, including Aya, to evaluate the changing environment. This chapter reveals the history and particular struggles of these characters living in this complex society, both residual and nascent. The third chapter returns to the group of neighbors—including Julie and Amira—seventeen years prior, immediately following the catastrophic event as their story continues to unfold. This chapter opens, like the first chapter, in the "we" voice, tracing the movement of the group south in a search for help and a desperate, though orderly, effort toward survival. This next phase of their journey introduces fresh conflicts and new characters and points to approaching challenges and the persistent hope for survival. Two short stories, unrelated to the novel and each other and entitled "Awake" and "Her," are also included.
15
Dalglish, Carol. "Refugees from Vietnam". Thesis, Online Version, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.235511.
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Griffin, Rosemary Holly. "Refugee Resettlement: Social Capital, Civil Society, and the Integration Processes of Former Refugees". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7392.
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This thesis explores the process of identity renegotiation and the role social capital plays in civil society participation by the former refugee communities of Eritrean and Bhutanese living in Christchurch, New Zealand. This is undertaken through examination of three hypotheses pertaining to ethnic identity maintenance and national identity creation, community mobilisation and social capital, and the motivations behind such mobilisation. In comparing the processes of identity negotiation and social capital between the members of the Eritrean and Bhutanese communities, this study of 27 participants illustrates the importance of members’ ethnic community connection in the development of a national identity, and the dissimilar levels of social capital and subsequent participation in civil society by the two communities. This work analyses the role social capital within such migrant communities plays in members participation in their settlement society as well as in group’s ethnic identity maintenance. The theoretical framework of this work is influenced by the research of Berry (1997), Lucken (2010), Ager and Strang (2008) and Valtonen (1998; 2004).
This study found there are much higher levels of social capital in the Bhutanese community compared to the Eritrean community. These disparate levels can be attributed to the differing demographics of the communities; the high levels of stress suffered by Eritrean members involved in the family reunification process; and the differences between the communities refugee experience prior to arrival in New Zealand.
My findings also suggest that the process of national identification by migrants relies on strong connections between members’ and their ethnic community, not, as commonly assumed, participation in wider society. Importantly this work illustrates that social capital is necessary in the mobilisation of migrant communities. Grievances associated with settlement are not attended to on a community level unless there is a high degree of social capital within the community. This enables participation in civil society through the establishment of a representative community organisation, and members to cooperate with other sectors of wider society.
17
Hoellerer, Nicole Ingrid Johanna. "Community in refugee resettlement : an ethnographic exploration of Bhutanese refugees in Manchester (UK)". Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14517.
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After being expelled from Bhutan in the 1980s and 1990s, more than 100,000 Bhutanese refugees were forced to reside in refugee camps in Nepal. Twenty years later, in 2006, a global resettlement programme was initiated to relocate them in eight different nations: the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands, and the UK. Since 2010, about 350 Bhutanese refugees have been resettled in Greater Manchester through the Gateway Protection Programme. This thesis is based on 14 months of ethnographic research with members of this community. This thesis analyses the complex relationship between forced migrants, social networks, and ruling, organisational entities, which facilitate refugee resettlement. This qualitative study looks at the structure, role and everyday utility of social networks amongst a small refugee community, and emphasizes that the creation of similarity and difference is an inherent part of community development. The research calls into question the assumptions of UK policy makers, service providers and academics alike, which hold that refugees are removed from their ‘original’ cultures through forced displacement, and thereafter strive to return to a state of ‘normalcy’ or ‘originality’, re-creating and re-inventing singular ‘traditions’, identities and communities. In response to these assumptions, policy makers and service providers in refugee camps and in the UK adopt a Community Development Approach (CDA). However, I argue that there is no fixed and bounded community amongst Bhutanese refugees, but that they actively reshape and adapt their interpretations, meanings and actions through their experiences of forced migration, and thus create novel communities out of old and new social networks. In the process, I juxtapose my informants’ emic understandings of community as samaj, with bureaucratized refugee community organisations (RCOs). This research shows that rather than a creating singular, formalized RCO to serve the ‘good of all’, the Bhutanese refugee community in Manchester is rife with divisions based on personal animosities and events stretching back to the refugee camps in Nepal. I conclude that RCOs may not be equipped to effectively deal with the divisive issues that arise due to refugee resettlement. The thesis is situated at the centre of anthropological investigations of forced migration, community, and policy, and uses interdisciplinary sources (such as policy documents, historical accounts) to highlight the complexities of forced migration and refugee resettlement. This critical research is also a response to the call to make qualitative, ethnographic research more relevant for policy makers and service provision, which is all the more important in this ‘century of the refugee’.
18
Amberg, Ricarda Monique Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Development oriented refugee assistance strategy; a case study of Guatemalan refugees in Mexico". Ottawa, 1987.
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19
Maraqa, Hania Nabil. "Refugees as planners : Palestinian refugees in Jordan and UNRWA, 1950-1957". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37669.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-104).
This research is an institutional ethnography that documents a case for planning from the middle and planning from below. It looks at the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) in Jordan between 1950 and 1957. UNRWA started its operations in 1950 with plans for economic development. By 1957 there had been a clear shift in the agency's mandate to human development. There are many possible reasons for this shift, one of which is the refugees' involvement in the planning process, which was carried out by thousands of refugees working with the agency and performing simultaneously the role of the planner and that of the beneficiary. Refugee staff members included top administration staff as well as street-level bureaucrats. Other refugees participated also in the planning process through spontaneous uprisings, forming local action groups, networking, and building alliances.
by Hania Nabil Maraqa.
M.C.P.
20
Davies, John. "Class, culture, and color Black Saint-Dominguan refugees and African-American communities in the early republic /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 239 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1663044001&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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George, Evan. "U.S. refugee policy a comparison of Haiti and Cuba during the Cold War and post-Cold War periods /". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004761.
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Carlson, Andrew F. "Education, Islam, and cultural preservation : a qualitative study of parents' and children's educational objectives, strategies, and participation in the Somali refugee community of Columbus, Ohio /". Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1107793237.
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Munetsi, Dennis. "Migration Experiences of Quota refugees in Sweden". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23296.
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This study explores how quota refugees who were resettled from Botswana to Sweden in 2014 experience migration and how these experiences are shaped by opportunities and limitations of refugee mobility rights between resettlement and naturalization. The study is grounded in a qualitative and constructivist methodological framework, and answers the question; how are quota refugees’ migration experiences in Sweden shaped by the opportunities and limitations of refugee mobility rights between resettlement and naturalization? Migration systems theory is used to analyze data gathered through semi-structured interviews. It is argued in this study that refugee migration is more socially motivated than it is economic and data shows that resettlement gives quota refugees mobility rights which in turn provide more opportunities than limitations that positively shape their migration experiences. Data also show that social reasons such as love, marriage and ethnic gatherings are the most dominant reasons why quota refugees travel.
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Daley, Patricia O. "Refugees and underdevelopment in Africa : the case of Barundi refugees in Tanzania". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:61d14ce2-4a9c-4a13-9a56-6360094cf502.
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Using an empirical study of the Barundi refugee settlements of Ulyankulu, Mishamo, and particularly Katumba in Western Tanzania, this study argues that the causes and consequences of the African refugee problem must be examined outside the normative humanitarian framework. It postulates that the refugee problem can be understood only in the historical context of the integration of African communities into the capitalist system and their resultant underdevelopment. Furthermore, that the neo-colonial state, its class character, and ethnic divisions, aggravated by economic crisis, fosters a climate of repression - prompting forced migration. The unequal relationship between western capital and Tanzania is exemplified in the microcosm of the refugee phenomenon, where international/ regional policy, legislation, security considerations, and aid not only demobilize a potential political force, but usurp the authority of the national and local state. Donor/state/refugee relationships are further discussed in the context of the settlements. The schemes, located in remote areas and with tight restrictions on mobility, while providing a humanitarian solution, act as mechanisms for the control of the Barundi refugees. Utilization of their labour is intentionally part of Tanzania's development strategy. Settlement and integration are discussed in relation to the contribution of Barundi people to the development of commodity production in Tanzania both historically and with regard to their current potential. While dismissing the notion of an undifferentiated mass of refugees, this study reveals how donor activities and the objective material conditions of the rural areas contribute to commodity production and mercantilist activities with increasing inequalities. It concludes that large groups of refugees in rural areas will inevitably heighten local tensions, and that only through greater x political liberalization' - removal of restrictions on mobility and political representation, will Barundi refugees gain control of their lives, and Tanzania's long-standing goal of the liberation of African peoples be realized.
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Pietka-Nykaza, Emilia. "Refugees' integration into their professions : experiences of refugee doctors and teachers in the UK". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23060.
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By drawing upon the experiences of refugee doctors and teachers, this thesis seeks to explore integration into professions as a complex two-way process. This thesis aims to investigate the ongoing events that construct the integration process but does not attempt to measure this process. In order to achieve this, the study explores the roles of underlying structures (profession and refugeeness) and refugee agency in shaping the actions and experiences that construct the integration process. The findings of this thesis are drawn from 180 online surveys, 12 interviews with service providers and 39 interviews with refugee doctors and teachers. The data were collected over a six-month period in Glasgow and London. The findings show that professional structures create institutional and cultural barriers which limit refugee doctors' and teachers' opportunities to re-enter their chosen professions after arrival in the UK. These experiences were further enhanced by the refugeeness of these professional groups wishing to work in a country where they were not educated. The findings also illustrate refugees' diverse responses to challenge encountered barriers and re-enter their professions. Finally, this study shows the important role of professional, cultural and social capital in the process of integration into professions.
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thor, Straten Jonas Emil. "Who are these 'refugees'?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23268.
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AbstractThis study aims at investigating how refugees are discursively represented in twelve articles written by the Danish online newspaper 'Den Korte Avis'. The main question aimed at answering being “Which power relations are established discursively by how refugees are positioned, represented and potentially subjected to stereotypical representations through discourses in the articles and what are the potential consequences of these representations?” The research applies a social constructivist approach to answer the main question and the research questions.The study has been conducted using Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional framework for critical discourse analysis (CDA), which has provided theory and methods for critically analysing media texts. Beyond that, Stuart Hall’s perception of representation has been used to provide the research with a clear theoretical background for understanding how representations work, both in production and consumption. Moreover, Hall’s paper “The Spectacle of ‘the other’” has been used to dig deeper into the representation of other cultures or minority groups of society. Within this, Hall's notions on stereotyping through representations have been used in analysis of the news articles.The research found four predominant discourses about refugees, which all exclusively represented them negatively. In the articles, refugees are represented as a cultural or terror threat, an economic burden and as migrants. Within these discourses, refugees are often subjected to stereotypical representations. Similar for all four discourses was the fact that they drew on an understanding of Denmark being under threat from the refugees and the asylum influx, and that border control would be a way of countering this threat. It is, thereof, concluded that 'Den Korte Avis' carry a nationalist bias in their articles. It is, moreover, concluded that 'Den Korte Avis', in their coverage of refugees, reproduce unequal power relations between the Danes and the refugees, as a clear scenario of 'us versus them' is established frequently, wherein refugees are positioned as not being able to fit into Danish society because they are 'too different'. Thereby, a cultural hegemony is also established in the articles. It is argued in this thesis that the mainly negative representations of refugees in the news media, could have consequences both culturally/societally and politically, some of which we may be seeing already.
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Sophia, Dörffer Hvalkof. "Visualizing Refugees and Migrants". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24032.
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This study explores how the terms ‘refugee’ and ‘migrant’ relate to the visual representation of these individuals and groups in five Danish newspapers. This study is particularly concerned with how the visual representation constructs an ‘us’ and ‘them’ between Danish society and these individuals. This study draws on a conceptual outline of ‘racialization’ that understands the concept as a ‘lens’ that ‘race’-thinking operates through in the process of constructing group boundaries. This study will draw on Gillian Rose’s visual discourse analysis in the study of Danish newspaper images. It is argued that the ‘refugee’ and ‘migrant’ are represented as a racialized ‘Other’ to the Dane, in particular the Muslim identity. It is shown that a Muslim identity is a main racialized identity. Moreover, it is pointed out that the use of the term ‘refugee’ is dominant which indicates that this term is in danger of becoming a catch-all category.
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Gauci, Jean-Pierre. "Trafficked persons as refugees". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trafficked-persons-as-refugees(d764272f-d6a4-4125-a15e-1148df0bbc5b).html.
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This research critically engages with the long-term protection of trafficked persons. In particular it assesses whether, and the conditions under which, trafficked persons can be considered as refugees under the Geneva Refugee Convention. The importance of international refugee law in this context is determined both by the number of trafficked persons seeking international protection and by its suitability to overcome the shortcomings of existing protection provisions in anti-trafficking instruments which remain discretionary, conditional and limited in scope. Trafficked persons, as examples of modern victims of human rights abuse par excellence, are examples of who refugee law- with its humanitarian and human rights imperatives- should be protecting. This thesis demonstrates that while a liberal interpretation of the refugee definition has been attempted by lawyers and courts alike to cover trafficked persons, a significant number of trafficking-based claims could be made out even if a more restrictive interpretation is adopted. It builds on judicial decisions from a variety of jurisdictions to elaborate on the fundamental inter-sectionality of issues and instruments which should underpin any assessment of trafficking based asylum claims. After a brief introduction to the content and structure of the thesis, Chapter 1 provides an overview of the definitions and legal context for the research, as well as outlines the methodological approach. Chapter 2 engages with the existing protection provisions under the anti-trafficking instruments, arguing that alone they are insufficient to adequately protect trafficked persons and that refugee law offers a viable alternative. Chapters 3 to 5 discuss the three main components of the refugee definition as applied to trafficked persons namely: well-founded fear (including [lack of] State Protection), persecution and the Convention ground nexus. Chapter 6 elaborates on the relevance of exclusion and cessation clauses to traffickers and trafficked persons who commit serious offences, whilst Chapter 7 examines some of the procedural issues in the context of determining throughout the thesis as briefly outlined above.
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Davari, Zanjani Shermineh. "مرد ومدد (Mard va Madad), NGOs, and Other Challenges: A Qualitative Study of Female Afghan Refugees’ Path to Independence". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou160502411649464.
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Alchalabi, Hayfaa. "Refugees Welcome? : A study of Structural Apathy towards refugees in Sweden- How can illustrative storytelling challenge the socio-political restrictions of independent refugee narrations in Sweden?" Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk design & illustration, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7413.
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This thesis aims to explore the tool of illustrative storytelling to challenge governmental restrictions faced by refugee narratives in Sweden. This exploration will be done through the study of stereotypes that stigmatise the refugee’s identity. The figure of the refugee is often shaped by the visual representation one consumes via mass media and the words one hears in political debates and social discourse. Refugees are often portrayed as immigrants and nothing but immigrants, faceless victims on news, and often de-named suffering people drowning in some ocean. This portrayal makes the humanity of the refugee invisible. A human who has a face, a name, a past, a story beyond his/her refugee story, and most importantly an identity and rights. I have always witnessed the portrayal of refugees – and myself as one of them- in the media as an act of dehumanization, a misuse of terminology describing me and my situation in political and social discourse, and the effects of these factors on refugees. I have always struggled with the entitlement this invisibility and misrepresentation gives to people. I sense this every time people talk to me, talk about me, and/or talk on my behalf. This misrepresentation always portrayed me as a ‘’problem’’. The refugee has always been a crisis, ‘’A global refugee crisis’’, ‘’An integration crisis’’, and a ‘’European migrant crisis’’. This use of terminology results in a lot of feelings that become politicised and socialised such as fear, apathy, empathy and sometimes hate. This study will present an exploration of such feelings and their significance to the refugee situation. I will present a critical analysis on the representation of the refugee through a research on Swedish media, political discourse, and the design executed by the Migration Board’s office in Stockholm. The research will be supported by a visual outcome in the form of a graphic novel that narrates two parallel stories. One story is my own experience as an asylum seeker, and the other is a narration of the overall refugee situation in Sweden. The two stories will be treated on two different levels, a personal one and a journalistic one. Illustration as a tool here serves an aim beyond its practical aspect of depicting a narration. It is a resistance against the restrictions of filming, recording, and photographing whatever happens inside the Migration Board’s offices in Sweden. It is a significant tool that educates, interprets, and re-contextualises the right of refugees to tell their own stories as well as document and expose a history told by our oppressors. Illustration here serves an aim of narrating a story that is not institutionalised but provides the reader with cultural understanding and access to a world only the refugee can depict.
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Hau, Soo-mun Teresa. "An analysis of the Vietnamese refugee policy in Hong Kong". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18037653.
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Cleary, Jessica E. "The effects of national policy on refugee welfare and related security issues : a comparative study of Lebanon, Egypt and Syria /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FCleary.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Baylouny, Anne M. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-85). Also available in print.
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Makoala, John. "An exploration of the traumatic experiences associated with refugee status in a sample of Congolese refugees in Cape Town". Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5817_1259915343.
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There has been an influx of refugees from African countries into South Africa as a result of having been displaced by war. Starting in 1994, the genocide in the Great Lakes region exacerbated existing ethnic and political tensions. Of the 25,000 recognized refugees in South Africa, nearly 8,000 are from Congo- Kinshasa, comprising the highest number. LIterature indicates that refugees suffer from a high incidence of traumatic symptoms and posttraumatic stress syndrome. This study explored the traumatic aspects of refugee status in a sample of Congolese refugees relocated to Cape Town.
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Tollebrandt, Sandra, e Sophia Wrede. "Power Distribution Between Refugees and Host Population : A Case Study of the Nakivale Refugee Settlement". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28990.
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The UNHCR reports an anticipated growing number of migration movements in Africa that will increase the amount of prolonged refugee situations, with the international debate regarding refugee policies discussing local integration as a durable solution. Local integration policy is dependent on the acceptance and willingness of the host population and can engender tensions between refugees and hosts, which could be a result of their uneven power distribution, with one group possessing more social power, leading to more opportunities in the community. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between refugees and host community in a settlement and seeks to expose any tensions that could arise between the groups from an uneven power distribution by using an analytical framework based on Norbert Elias’ book The Established and the Outsiders, which focuses on community problems between two groups. This thesis draws on a field study of the Nakivale Refugee Settlement in southern Uganda that has a refugee policy partially aimed towards local integration. The data has been collected through semi-structured interviews and observations as part of an ethnographic approach. The interviewed key stakeholders have been refugees and host populations living within the settlement as well as government officials and representatives from international organisations, IGOs and NGOs. Using Elias’ theory as a universal analytical tool showed us that there are established-outsider constellations creating tensions in a community, however these tensions do not fully rely on the qualities of the relationship. Moreover, results from the study indicate that the relationship between nationals and refugees in the settlement and the tensions it fostered are to a very large degree influenced by external factors, more specifically by the Ugandan government and international organisations as well as the complexity of group dimensions and situations, which contributed to a weakened host population.
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POL, CATALÀ NÚRIA. "Smart Cities Solutions for Refugee Camps : Communication systems review to improve the conditions of refugees". Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-238672.
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A large number of refugees are forced to live in refugee camps which lack in both quality of life and infrastructure. Most of them are located in areas without mobile coverage. By contrast, Smart Cities aim to improve the life of its citizens, mainly helped by ICTs. Therefore, refugee camps can also take advantage of the ICTs to enhance the life of refugees. The present thesis aims to explore the needs and priorities of refugees, analyse the impact of smart city solutions implemented in refugee camps on the lives of refugees, and identify and analyse currently unused smart city solutions that could meet the needs of refugees in refugee camps and enhance the Sustainable Development Goals. The study is carried out through the literature review and interviews with professionals working in NGOs devoted to the refugee issues. The necessity and benefits of ICTs have been analysed and the most promising solutions in the different domains of the refugee camps have been selected and described, including IoT based solutions supported with low power WAN to collect data, and blockchain applications as new protocol for a database.Ett stort antal flyktingar tvingas bo i flyktingläger som saknar både livskvalitet och infrastruktur. De flesta av dem ligger i områden utan mobil täckning. Däremot syftar Smart Cities till att förbättra medborgarnas liv, främst med hjälp av IKT. Flyktingläger kan därför också dra nytta av IKT för att förbättra flyktingarnas liv. Nuvarande avhandling syftar till att undersöka flyktingarnas behov och prioriteringar, analysera effekten av smarta stadslösningar som genomförs i flyktingläger om flyktingarnas liv och identifiera och analysera nuvarande oanvända smarta stadslösningar som kan tillgodose flyktinglägernas behov och flyktingläger förbättra de hållbara utvecklingsmålen. Studien utförs genom litteraturöversikt och intervjuer med yrkesverksamma inom icke-statliga organisationer som ägnar sig åt flyktingfrågorna. Nödvändigheten och fördelarna med IKT har analyserats och de mest lovande lösningarna på flyktinglägernas olika domäner har blivit utvalda och beskrivna, inklusive IoT-baserade lösningar som stöds med låg effekt WAN för att samla in data och blockchain applikationer som nytt protokoll för en databas .
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Maslanik, Jeffrey D. "Refugees Welcome: a Multilevel Analysis of Refugee Labor Market Integration in the Swedish Welfare State". FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3555.
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To explore the complexities of refugee labor market integration in Sweden, the research performed a multi-level analysis of refugee labor market integration: from the perspective of civil society (meso-level) and from that of the refugee (micro-level). Sweden was ideal for this task because historically, it has been Europe’s most generous welfare state and during the height of the crisis, received the highest number of refugees of any European Member State (163,000 or 1,600 per 100,000 people).
The research was guided by two primary research questions: First, how have the roles of the state and civil society adjusted over time in relation to the process of integrating refugees, especially since the founding of the first integration policy in 1975? Second, how are resources actually provided by each element of society, and accessed by the refugees themselves? Analytically, the research first performed a historical institutional breakdown, separating Sweden’s integration policy by sociopolitical and economically significant junctures: 1970-1990, 1990-2010, and 2010-present day. Subsequently, seventy first-person, semi-structured interviews were conducted with political-elites, civil society representatives, and refugees from different sending countries, who arrived no earlier than 2000. The findings suggest that while civil society is becoming more systematic in its operations, its utility remains under-utilized. Next, meeting human capital requirements (e.g., country specific and post-secondary education and training) does not guarantee employment. Instead, given the alteration of its labor market, it seems social capital may play a more significant role in determining employment outcomes for refugees. In other words, it seems difficulties in accessing employment for refugees are more attached to institutional constraints than they are human capital itself. Finally, given the visible segregation and low refugee labor market participation, the research supports the assumption that a highly accessible and comprehensive welfare state may not be the most efficient socioeconomic orientation for integrating refugees.
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Roberts, Keri. "The labour force experiences of refugees in Britain : the case of refugees from Vietnam". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15143/.
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This thesis examines the labour force experiences of refugees living in Britain. By describing and exploring the employment, unemployment, training and job-search experiences of refugees from Vietnam it seeks to fill gaps in the existing literature. The literature currently recognises the importance of employment in the resettlement process, but fails to provide much insight into the long term experiences of refugees. Further, this thesis presents a new conceptual framework for understanding refugee labour force experiences. Literature from a wide range of disciplines informs a theoretical framework which stresses the complex and diverse nature of influences on refugee labour force experiences. The review of the experiences of refugees from Vietnam, draws on existing literature and novel quantitative analysis of the 1991 census, before giving a voice to the refugees themselves. Workers at 27 Vietnamese Community Associations around Britain describe labour force experiences in the areas they serve, while half also detail their own individual labour force careers. Throughout, emphasis is placed on the refugees' own interpretations of what has influenced their labour force experiences, and their reactions to those experiences. This thesis confirms that the refugees from Vietnam are spatially concentrated in locations which are characterised by high unemployment and a high ethnic Chinese population. This is reflected in their labour force experiences, which are dominated by unemployment or manual employment, particularly within the ethnic sector. Employment remains a minority experience for Vietnam refugees living in the majority of locations, although location specific differences in labour force experiences are identified. Self-reliance within the community of refugees from Vietnam is strong, as is the significance of access to labour force opportunities with the ethnic Chinese population. Both factors, do however have benefits and drawbacks. The evidence presented in this thesis supports the proposed framework for understanding refugee labour force experiences. Accordingly, this thesis argues for a refugee policy which recognises both the importance of employment in the resettlement process, and the complexity of factors which influence labour force experiences. A comprehensive programme of intervention is recommended to improve refugee labour force experiences, and community development is seen as a key element of this. A call for a permanent refugee resettlement organisation is also made.
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Calvar, Javier. "Asylum seekers and refugees in the UK: the role of refugee community organisations and refugee agencies in the settlement process". Thesis, Middlesex University, 1999. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6413/.
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Using a qualitative approach, this study looks into the experiences of refugees during settlement in Britain, their perceptions and expectations of community associations and refugee agencies and the services these provide. Focused on the Colombian and the Somali refugee communities in London, the research is based on eight in depth interviews with personnel from refugee organisations and 31 with refugees themselves: 16 with Colombians and 15 Somalis. One mixed-sex group discussion with Colombian refugees and two, one male and one female, with Somalis were also conducted. This was complemented with direct observation and an extensive review of the existing literature. The research shows that English language skills, transferability of previous skills and employment experience, circumstances of flight, racism and discrimination, cultural differences between the country of origin and the UK, and availability of adequate health-care services and accommodation are key factors affecting refugee settlement. The findings also show that word of mouth was the most common medium of gaining awareness of refugee organisations for both the Colombian and the Somali refugees, followed by printed material. Whilst the Somali refugees were generally satisfied with the organisations they had approached, the Colombians expressed a high level of dissatisfaction. The findings lead to the conclusion that refugees' socio-cultural background and the reasons behind their flight are likely to shape both their settlement and their attitudes towards refugee organisations in the country of exile. Whilst the research suggests that there is a long way to go before refugee organisations can satisfactorily meet the needs of refugees in Britain, it also shows a pervasive lack of feed-back systems in those organisations. The study concludes with a number of recommendations to facilitate settlement, arguing that unless the available resources are used more efficiently, the effects of current legislation will be disastrous for the refugee population.
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Rhie, Ann Y. "The dilemma of refugees : lessons from the Thai experience /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA296705.
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Pieterse, Simone Gerarda Elisabeth Maria. "Nutritional vulnerability of older refugees". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312847.
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Ellis, Maerker Mikael. "Refugees in the Swedish media". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283035.
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Ukmar, Victor Alexander. "The Photographic Representation of Refugees". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21902.
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This thesis tries to shed light on the visual portrayal of refugees within German and the British newspapers during the European refugee crisis in 2016. Furthermore, a visual autoethnography of my own refugee photography complemented this study.Through the analysis of 80 newspaper photographs from Germany and Britain (quality press & tabloids), as well as nine of my own pictures, the following research questions had to be answered:Q1: How were refugees photographically represented in German newspapers (quality press & tabloids) during 2016?Q.2 How were refugees photographically represented in British newspapers (quality press & tabloids) during 2016?Q.3 How was I, as an amateur photographer, indirectly influenced in my own photographic portrayal of refugees by contemporary media.The analysis was conducted by coding all images into different visual categories, while observing reoccurring patterns and visual styles. Furthermore, the icnonographic-iconologic image framework was used for an in-depth review of certain newspaper images (each representing a different newspaper) and for two pictures of my own photography in an autoethnographic manner.The findings suggested that women and children were predominantly featured in both, German and British newspapers. German quality press focused on the representations of state control and on the integration of refugees. Furthermore, German tabloids did not refrain from very graphic imagery.British press featured a high number of pictures with women and children, while no representation of refugee integration could be found. Furthermore, the most notorious British tabloid seemed to portray a rather negative and partially criminal image of refugees.My own photography indicated a strong influence of commonly usedrefugee motifs. Thus, a subconscious reflection of international newspaper photography could be identified.
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Fischer, Carolin. "The Flood of Refugees in our Heads: Metaphorical Framing of Refugees in German Newspaper Discourse". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1563357692101357.
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Jaravani, Motion. "Does the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees adequately protect refugess from refoulement?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4702.
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Kirkwood, Steven Michael. "'Refugee' is only a word : a discursive analysis of refugees' and asylum seekers' experiences in Scotland". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7594.
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Although the United Kingdom is committed to the protection of refugees and the integration of migrants into society, many aspects of the asylum system actually prevent access to refuge or create barriers to integration. Extant research on this topic has often paid little attention to the role of discourse in legitimising particular asylum policies and notions of integration or has otherwise neglected the social functions of asylum seeker and refugee discourse. This thesis addressed these gaps by exploring the discourse of majority group members and asylum seekers / refugees, paying attention to the relationship between place and identity and the ways that notions of intercultural contact were constructed. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with seventeen people who work to support asylum seekers and refugees, fifteen asylum seekers / refugees and thirteen Scottish locals who reside in the areas where asylum seekers are housed. The data were analysed using discourse analysis, focusing on the ways that particular narratives and descriptions function to justify or criticise certain policies or sets of social relations. The analysis illustrated that the presence of asylum seekers could be justified through portraying their countries of origin as dangerous and the host society as problem-free, whereas the presence of asylum seekers was resisted through portraying the host society as ‘full’. When discussing antagonism towards asylum seekers, interviewees constructed this as stemming from ‘ignorance’, which functioned to portray the behaviour as unwarranted while emphasising the potential for positive social change. Similarly, asylum seekers’ and refugees’ accounts of violence tended to deny or downplay racial motivation, or produce accusations of racism in a tentative or reluctant manner, implying that a ‘taboo’ on racial accusations exists even in cases of violence. The analysis also illustrated how constructions of ‘integration’ perform social actions, such as highlighting the responsibility of asylum seekers or the host society. The analysis showed how the refugee status determination process could be criticised through references to a ‘culture of disbelief’, claims that it was racist or portrayals of cultural differences that undermine the process. The right of asylum seekers to work was advocated through portraying it as consistent with the national interest. Aspects of the asylum system related to destitution, detention and deportation were criticised through portraying them as ‘tools’ that treated asylum seekers inhumanely and by constructing asylum seekers in humane ways such as ‘families’ or as ‘human’. Overall the results illustrated that, in the context of asylum seekers, notions of identity and place are linked so that constructions of place constitute identity, in the sense of portraying people as legitimately in need of refuge, and these constructions can work to justify or criticise asylum policies. Results also illustrated that victims of seemingly racist violence may construct their accounts in ways that deny or downplay racial motivations, making racist behaviour difficult to identify and challenge. The analyses suggested that ‘two-way’ constructions of integration may function to overcome the view that asylum seekers have ‘special privileges’ over other members of the community and emphasise the responsibilities of the host society. Portraying punitive asylum policies as ‘inhumane’, and constructing asylum seekers in humane ways, provides a potential strategy for reforming aspects of the asylum system.
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Mensah, David Ampoma. "An exploration of refugee integration : a case study of Krisan refugee camp, Ghana". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1014.
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Conflict in Africa remains one of the continent’s principal development challenges. The human, economic and development costs of conflict are immense. A peaceful and secure environment remains the greatest priority for ordinary Africans across the continent. However, this often remains a mirage for many as violent armed conflicts continue to take its toll on many ordinary citizens, often, displacing them as refugees. Some refugees remain in very a deplorable refugee camps that offer them no prospects of decent livelihood for many years. With fear that they would be persecuted upon return to their countries of origin and often the delays in finding solutions to political violence, refugees remain in a protracted situation. A Protracted refugee situation means that refugees have lived in exile for more than five years with no immediate prospect of finding a durable solution to their plight by means of voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement. Thousands of refugees who fled violent conflicts in the West Africa and other parts of Africa have lived for more than a decade in the Krisan and Buduburam refugee camps in Ghana. A situation that can be termed protracted. This paper investigated the perceptions of local Ghanaians, Refugees of Krisan Refugee Camp and Government Official on the integration of refugees in Ghana. Krisan Refugee Camp which was built in 1996, particularly, houses about 1,700 refugees from nine countries: The Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo Brazzaville, Côte d’Ivoire, Chad, Liberia, Sierra Leone and The Sudan. The refugees have lived with the indigenous people of Krisan village for more than a decade and thus offered the best case for the investigation. The researcher used qualitative triangulation method to collect data. That is, he observed the refugees, the local people and supervisors of the refugee camp who made up the sample population. The researcher was able to conduct a face to face in-depth interview and studied necessary documents that informed the study immensely. Thematic data analysis revealed economic and employment opportunities, security, cultural and social networking and finally good counselling on the three traditional durable solutions as the themes greatly impacting on the integration of refugees in Ghana. A number of recommendations are made to inform the management and integration of refugees in Ghana and in Africa in general.
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Emrich, Merle. "International biopolitics and “climate refugees” as bare life. A Critical Discourse Analysis of how the UN’s framing of “climate refugees” impacts climate related global humanitarian migration and refugee governance". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23429.
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This thesis investigates how the United Nations’ (UN) framing of “climate refugees” impacts global humanitarian migration and refugee governance in the context of anthropogenic climate change in which border zones become spaces of biopolitical decision making which impacts both governance strategies and International Relations as an academic field. It argues from a poststructuralist perspective that the UN’s discourse centred around climate change related human movement, the issue of “climate refugees” is downplayed, and “climate refugees” become bare life while their claims to legal protection are delegitimised. Thus, despite the concept of “climate refugees” becoming increasingly important in the Anthropocene, the UN’s discourse has remained vastly unchanged since McNamara’s analysis of it in 2007. The UN’s governance related discourse and reasoning concerning “climate refugees” and (humanitarian) global governance is explored through a Critical Discourse Analysis that examines a set of official UN documents which are relevant to the issue of forced human movement in the context of anthropogenic climate change.
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Rouhani, Setareh. "Refugee healthcare in British Columbia : health status and barriers for gorvernment asssised refugees in accessing healthcare". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38159.
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Background: Government-Assisted Refugees (GARs) have greater health needs than other immigrants due to their pre-migration and Canadian resettlement experiences. There is a lack of detailed research into their health status and access to healthcare services. This thesis investigated factors associated with reported health, mental health problems, number of annual physician visits and difficulties obtaining healthcare from a sample of GARs.
Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted on data from a study of GARs in BC who attended the Bridge Refugee Clinic during the 26 month period from April 2005 to May 2007. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model the factors associated with excellent health, mental health problems, physician visits and difficulties obtaining healthcare.
Results: There were 177 participants in the study. Excellent health was inversely associated with being female, having financial burden, having no English proficiency and having a diagnosed health condition. Factors associated with mental health problems were being female, west Asian, and having financial burden. Attending refugee clinics was inversely associated with reporting mental health problems. Factors associated with physician visits were unemployment, while not having English proficiency and no access to a regular doctor were inversely associated with the number of visits. Young Age, no access to a regular doctor and health region were associated with difficulties obtaining healthcare, while not being married had an inverse relationship with reporting difficulties.
Conclusion: Findings highlight sex and English proficiency as important factors associated with GARs’ health and utilization of services. It is recommended that specialized health literacy classes, health programs and support groups for GARs, especially women, be developed. These interventions would benefit from active participation of ethnic communities.
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Rexhi, Rajmonda. "The Network of Social Boundaries in the Swedish ‘Refugee-crisis’ : Refugees as powerless and a threat". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54467.
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Khan, Fatima. "In chronic exile: A critique of South Africa's legal regime for refugees in protracted refugee situations". Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31884.
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The major thrust of refugee protection worldwide is directed towards providing assistance to refugees in emergency situations. In South Africa, a large number of refugees have moved beyond this initial emergency phase such that the extended nature of their refugee status has left them in a state of continuous vulnerability. Their prolonged exile has led to violations of various rights recognised by international law and South Africa’s own constitutional and refugee law. Faced with restricted access to rights, refugees in South Africa live in poverty, are frustrated, and do not realise their full potential, to say nothing about the overt and brutal attacks they constantly face as victims of xenophobia. Their continued status as refugees deprives them of opportunities and subjects them to constant fear of harassment and exploitation. Even though neither the UNHCR nor the South African government has classified refugees living in South Africa as being in a protracted situation, many refugees have been in South Africa for five years or longer, with no durable solution in sight. This thesis highlights the plight of refugees in protracted refugee situation in South Africa and recommends suitable solutions to the problems this situation raises.