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Kontaris, Ioannis, e Paul E. Downing. "Reflections on the Hand: The Use of a Mirror Highlights the Contributions of Interpreted and Retinotopic Representations in the Rubber-Hand Illusion". Perception 40, n.º 11 (1 de janeiro de 2011): 1320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p6825.
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In the rubber-hand illusion, observing a rubber hand stroked in synchrony with one's own hand results in mislocalisation of the own hand, which is perceived as being located closer to the rubber hand. This illusion depends on having the rubber hand placed at a plausible egocentric orientation with respect to the observer. In the present study, we took advantage of this finding in order to compare the relative influence on the illusion of the rubber hand's perceived retinotopic image against its real-world position. The rubber hand was positioned egocentrically (fingers away from the participant) or allocentrically (fingers towards the participant), while participants viewed it either directly or via a mirror that was placed facing the participant. In the mirror conditions, the orientation of the retinotopic image of the hand (either egocentric or allocentric) was opposed to its real-world orientation. We found that the illusion was elicited in both mirror conditions, to roughly the same extent. Thus either of two representations can elicit the rubber-hand illusion: a world-centred understanding of the scene, resulting from the inferred position of the hand based on its mirror reflection, or a purely visual retinotopic representation of the viewed hand. In the mirror conditions, the illusion was somewhat weaker than in the typical directly viewed egocentric condition. We attribute this to competition between two incompatible representations introduced by the presence of the mirror. Finally, in two control experiments we ruled out that this reduction was due to two properties of mirror reflections: the increased perceived distance of items and the reversal of the apparent handedness of the rubber hand.
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Basaran, Fatma Nur, e Gulsen Sefika Berber. "COLOR FACTOR IN THE RELIEF PERCEPTION OF WOVEN FABRICS". International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences 2, n.º 2 (28 de dezembro de 2018): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijntss.v2i2.3870.
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Color is a phenomenon which is perceived through the amount of the presence of light and it may show variability depending on a lot of different factor. These factors can be sorted as color of the surrounding place, environmental factors, intensity of the enlightening light source, incidence angle of the light, form and direction of incidence, amount of light etc. Visual perception of the color in textile fabrics is absorbation of some part of the light which falls on fabrics and detraction of the other part through reflection. The reason why textile seems colored in here is it’s reflecting light. Light is a pathfinder for distinction and identification of color, volume and fiber connections of relief surfaces. Color is a design element which presents wide options for weaving and provides dynamism on the surface via light reflections during creation process. Relief perception in textile fabrics is able to be strengthened with numerouseffects by being evaluated diversely, in terms of material (raw material type that is used, properties of warp and weft strings) and in terms of manufacturing methods (construction and technique of braid during weaving, special techniques that are applied after weaving), thus the light being obtained is able to create different perceptions via numerous effects like shadow, fiber, volume etc. Encolouring on textiles can be fulfilled by both using the colored strings and materials during manufacturing process and putting textiles to some special practices like painting or printing. When the visual and physical properties which make up textile fabrics are taken into account, it turns out that color makes visual contribution rather than physical value. In this study, relief effect in the textile fabric is examined only with the color factor. In the study that is prepared by using descriptive research method, the contribution of colour factor in terms of material and production methods to relief effect is explained with appropriate examples. Keywords: Relief, weaving, textile, color, volume
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Grodwohl, Jean-Baptiste. "Modeling Social Evolution, 1964–1973". Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 47, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2017): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2017.47.1.1.
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In 1964, William Hamilton presented a mechanism for the evolution of altruism, which was perceived by its main promoters as an alternative to explanations based on “group selection,” invoking advantage to the population to account for the evolution of such traits. Less than ten years later, Hamilton used the framework developed by George Price to model the evolution of an altruistic gene in a structured population, a result that has been interpreted as a spectacular conversion to group selection. This paper revisits the modeling research on altruism and the considerable semantic ambiguities concerning the levels of selection in the late 1960s and early 1970s, by studying in close detail the reflections and exchanges among Hamilton, Price, Robert Trivers, and Ilan Eshel. The challenge in this research was not simply to find and model robust mechanisms for the evolution of altruism, but to interpret their properties in unambiguous terms that could be accepted by other researchers. The continuing debate over the levels of selection results from the tension between the properties of the models and the words used in interpreting them.
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Larner, Ken, e Craig Beasley. "Cascaded migrations: Improving the accuracy of finite‐difference migration". GEOPHYSICS 52, n.º 5 (maio de 1987): 618–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442331.
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The accuracy of time migrations done with finite‐difference schemes deteriorates with increasing reflector dip. Some properties of migration in general, and of finite‐difference approaches in particular, suggest a way of improving the accuracy of finite‐difference schemes for migrating steep dips. First, although data will be undermigrated when too low a velocity is used in migration, a correctly migrated result can be obtained by migrating again, this time with the previously undermigrated result as input. In fact, a sequence of undermigrations will yield the correct result as long as the sum of the squares of the migration velocities used in the different migration stages equals the square of the correct migration velocity. A second property is that the apparent spatial dip of a reflector perceived by the migration process is a function of not only the time dip of the unmigrated reflection, but also the velocity used in the migration. In a sequence of low‐velocity migrations, the apparent spatial dip perceived at each migration stage can be considerably less than the true dip. Thus, because finite‐difference migration is accurate for small spatial dips, the cascaded migrations yield a more accurate result than that of single‐stage migration. Also, because each migration stage is done with low velocity, the depth step can be large; hence, the computational effort need not be. The accuracy of the method is not compromised (in fact, it improves) in media in which velocity increases with depth. Moreover, the cascaded approach suffers no more than other methods of time migration where velocity varies mildly in the lateral direction. In applications of the method to stacked data from the Gulf of Mexico, reflections from near‐vertical flanks of salt domes were migrated with accuracy comparable to that achieved by frequency‐wavenumber domain migration.
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Booth, A. D., R. A. Clark, B. Kulessa, T. Murray e A. Hubbard. "Thin-layer effects in glaciological seismic amplitude-versus-angle (AVA) analysis: implications for characterising a subglacial till unit, Russell Glacier, West Greenland". Cryosphere Discussions 6, n.º 1 (20 de fevereiro de 2012): 759–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-6-759-2012.
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Abstract. Seismic amplitude-versus-angle (AVA) methods are a powerful means of interpreting the physical properties of subglacial material, although interpreting an AVA response is complicated in the case of a thinly-layered substrate. A layer thinner than one-quarter of the seismic wavelength is considered seismically "thin", and reflections from its bounding interfaces are perceived as a single event. Since a lodged (non-deforming) subglacial till can capped by a thin (metre-scale) cap of dilatant (deforming) till, serious misinterpretations can result if thin layer considerations are not honoured. AVA responses for layered subglacial tills are simulated: we model dilatant layers of thickness 0.1–3.0 m (up to a quarter-wavelength of our synthetic seismic pulse) overlying a lodged half-space, assigning typical acoustic impedance and Poisson's ratios to each. If thin layer effects are neglected, the AVA response to ultra-thin (<1.0 m) dilatant layers yields incompatible physical properties (acoustic impedance and Poisson's ratio indicating, respectively, a low- and high-porosity unit). We show an interpretative strategy that identifies thin layer effects and accurately quantifies the modelled acoustic impedance of lodged till from the composite AVA response. We apply this method to example seismic AVA data from the Russell Glacier outlet of the West Greenland Ice Sheet, in which characteristics of thin layer responses are evident. We interpret a stratified subglacial deposit, with upper and lower layers of high-porosity (<1.0 m thick, Poisson's ratio >0.492 ± 0.015) and low-porosity (acoustic impedance of 4.20–4.39 × 106 kg m−2 s−1) material, respectively assumed to represent dilatant and lodged tills. Thin layer considerations are strongly advised wherever seismic AVA analyses are used to quantify subglacial material properties.
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Gigilashvili, Davit, Jean-Baptiste Thomas, Marius Pedersen e Jon Yngve Hardeberg. "Perceived Glossiness: Beyond Surface Properties". Color and Imaging Conference 2019, n.º 1 (21 de outubro de 2019): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2019.27.8.
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Gloss is widely accepted as a surface- and illuminationbased property, both by definition and by means of metrology. However, mechanisms of gloss perception are yet to be fully understood. Potential cues generating gloss perception can be a product of phenomena other than surface reflection and can vary from person to person. While human observers are less likely to be capable of inverting optics, they might also fail predicting the origin of the cues. Therefore, we hypothesize that color and translucency could also impact perceived glossiness. In order to validate our hypothesis, we conducted series of psychophysical experiments asking observers to rank objects by their glossiness. The objects had the identical surface geometry and shape but different color and translucency. The experiments have demonstrated that people do not perceive objects with identical surface equally glossy. Human subjects are usually able to rank objects of identical surface by their glossiness. However, the strategy used for ranking varies across the groups of people.
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kizi, Babaeva Ziyadkhon Mahamadjon. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES OF YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN". International Journal of Pedagogics 03, n.º 06 (1 de junho de 2023): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijp/volume03issue06-09.
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In this article, as we will see, intellectual development should not develop in every lesson, but in a comprehensive, systematic way. Thinking, reflecting things and phenomena of reality, is the highest stage of human cognition. At the same time, it has its own unique source of sensation that expands the boundaries of direct reflection, which allows you to gain knowledge about such properties and phenomena that a person cannot directly perceive
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King, Savana L., Ellen C. Szubski e Richard A. Tyrrell. "Shining Light on Retroreflectivity: Perceived Brightness of Surfaces with Varying Reflective Properties". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, n.º 1 (dezembro de 2020): 1815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641437.
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Typical road users appear not to understand retroreflectivity despite nightly exposure to retroreflective materials like road signs. A critical benefit of retroreflective materials is a robustness to changes in entrance angle, the angle at which light strikes the material. This study aims to measure observers’ perceived brightness judgments of surfaces representing three types of reflection (diffuse, specular, and retroreflective) when viewed under manipulations of entrance angle. Perceived brightness will be assessed before and during a demonstration including illumination from a source positioned near the observer’s eyes. Prior to the demonstration, observers are hypothesized to predict specular and retroreflective surfaces will have a consistent brightness despite changes in entrance angle. Seeing the retroreflectivity demo is expected to result in increased perceived brightness of only the retroreflective surfaces in the more extreme entrance angle conditions. Watching visual demonstrations of reflection, however, is expected to produce an enhanced appreciation that retroreflective (but not specular or diffuse) surfaces remain bright despite large changes in entrance angle. This evidence may eventually increase demand for retroreflective markings by vulnerable road users.
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Chertykova, M. D. "Proverbial conceptualization of the common Turkic zoolexeme аt ‘horse’ (based on the material of the Khakass language)". Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, n.º 38 (2019): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2019-2-78-84.
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The article provides a semantic-cognitive analysis of the ethnocultural components of the common Turkic zoolex-eme ат ‘horse’, as a unit of the proverbial picture of the world. The proverbial picture of the world is a fragment of the linguistic picture of the world, which is a linguoculturological and cognitive model of various thematic proverbial groups. The structure of Khakassian proverbs and sayings has phonostylistic features: the obligatory presence of rhyme, assessment of various characteristics of a person and other phenomena of everyday life, figuratively associative com-parison of any properties of a person with objects of nature, including the endowment of animals with traits of a per-son’s character. Thus, the structure of all the proverbs and sayings we analyze is different in using the method of com-parative parallelism, for example, a child and a foal, a man and a horse. In the Khakass worldview philosophy, en-shrined in paremias, ат ‘horse’ is perceived as a true friend, ally and assistant of a person, in particular a man. The proverbs and sayings emphasize the relationship between man and horse, draw a figurative parallel of the positive and negative qualities of their characters, the careful and respectful attitude of man to the horse. In the Khakass national worldview, the horse is also a symbol of prosperity, well-being, therefore, it can also appear in traditional well-wishes, in reflections on the themes of eternity, time, life and death, for example, Ат öлзе, изері халар (Mudroe, 2014, p. 6) ‘Nothing disappears without a trace (lit. if a horse dies, a saddle remains)’. This proverb implies the idea that even if a person leaves this world, his good deeds will remain. The study showed the interconnection of the language and worldview culture of the Khakass ethnic group, which takes a basis in the everyday life of a nomadic society and mani-fests itself in fixed sayings, where the acting character is one of the main symbols of the Turkic world – ат ‘horse’. As far as we know, such signs are broadcast in the proverbial picture of the world and other Turkic peoples, thereby we can note the universality of the peculiarities of updating the ат ‘horse’ concept.
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Kakharova, Iroda Sidikovna, e Gulrux Shavkatovna Qahhorova. "PHONOPSY PHONOPSYCHOLOGICAL PROPER OGICAL PROPERTIES OF EX TIES OF EXCLAMATION SOUNDS IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES". Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 4, n.º 2 (27 de abril de 2020): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2020/4/2/4.
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In emotional speech, inherent to human- linguistic, logical, and spiritual activities are interconnected, reflecting a unique process of verbal thinking in a unique way, which once again demonstrates that language is one of the means of moving not only the mind but also the psyche. In this sense, in linguistics, emotional speech is perceived as one of the distinct linguistic structures of speech. Emotional speech expands due to concepts and categories associated with activities such as perception, cognition, understanding, analysis as a linguistic and speech structure, one of the special syntactic devices aimed at transmitting and transmitting emotional effects through linguistic, intonational and grammatical means. They are active in thinking, feeling, or expressing human feelings.
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Ragimov, Ilgam M. "Nuremberg Trials: the triumph of justice or the trial of the victors? (Reflections on the book by A.N. Savenkov “Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace”". Gosudarstvo i pravo, n.º 12 (2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520023298-8.
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The article analyzes historical, geopolitical, legal and other aspects of the organization and conduct of the International Military Tribunal on the basis of the monograph by Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.N. Savenkov “Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace”. over the main Nazi criminals, the political, legal and moral significance of its results for the further strengthening of peace on Earth and the prevention of global wars, the prevention of crimes against the peace and security of mankind, the development of International Law, etc. are investigated. Based on the results of A.N. Savenkov’s research, the study of archival materials of the Nuremberg Trials and other sources on this issue, the authors believe that: • in the entire history of legal proceedings, there has probably never been a court like the Nuremberg Trials. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it is the first case in the history of justice (sui generis) when more than 20 high-ranking officials, who were part of the highest political and military leadership of a single aggressor state, found themselves in the dock, guilty of both planning, preparing and unleashing a world war, and committing during it mass crimes against peace and humanity; • the historical value of the International Military Tribunal is also seen in the fact that its results had a huge impact on the course of world history, outlined the basic contours of the new architecture of the post-war world order and world order on Earth, laid the foundations of international criminal justice, etc., and the Tribunal itself became a symbol of the victory of good over evil; • the Nuremberg Trials showed that for crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during an aggressive war, the victorious States have the right to establish a special court (ad hoc) with universal jurisdiction against the political and military leaders of the defeated State, to determine a list of specific crimes (including those with criminal retroactivity), those under his jurisdiction, to provide for a special procedure for the administration of justice, to establish the types of punishment for the perpetrators and their terms, the order and form of execution of a court sentence, etc.; • the refusal of the founders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to bring to trial the highest state and military officials of Nazi Germany on the basis of the national laws of the countries on whose territory they committed numerous terrible crimes incompatible with human nature was due to the fact that the norms of criminal legislation of none of these states (as, indeed, International Law of that time) did not they fully covered all the specifics of the objective and subjective properties of many barbaric crimes committed by Nazi criminals against humanity, therefore, it was not possible to talk about this category of monstrous acts that claimed the lives of tens of millions of innocent people as classic forms or types of crimes that infringe on the rights and freedoms of individual citizens or states, even at the level of the institution of analogy in law; • taking into account the irremediable contradictions between the norms of national and International Law, on the one hand, and the essentially unprecedented atrocities committed by Nazi criminals on a massive scale, on the other, the victorious countries in World War II as bearers of supreme power in Germany (due to the loss of its legal personality) on August 8, 1945 we made the only possible decision in the current situation: 1) to establish an open International Military Tribunal with universal jurisdiction for the prosecution and punishment of the main war criminals of the European Axis countries; 2) on the basis of international treaties and agreements, the basic values of natural law, generally recognized principles of Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law, taking into account certain provisions of the Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic legal systems, adopt the Statute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the norms of which should: a) determine the powers and procedures of this judicial body; b) contain a criminal definition of the concepts of “criminal organization”, “crime against peace”, “war crime” and “crime against humanity”; c) provide procedural guarantees for the defendants and their defenders; d) to fix the provision according to which the official position of the defendant (be it the head of state or another responsible state official) is not a basis for exemption from liability or mitigation of punishment, etc.; • in the process of working on the Statute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the doctrine of due (supervisory) law was widely applied in it, which, unlike what exists, is based on such immanent properties of a person’s spiritual being as justice and freedom of spirit, morality and common sense, etc. The originality of supervisory right is also manifested in the fact that it is free from any whatever the external definitions and directives, it is not burdened with political and ideological dogmas; • by its nature, the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal is not a normative legal act in the traditional sense of the term, but a special international prescriptive act with the force of law, adopted on August 8, 1945 by representatives of the heads of government of the USSR, the USA, Great Britain and France in the form of an annex to the London Agreement “On the Prosecution and Punishment of the main War Criminals of European Countries axes”; • in the verdict of the International Military Tribunal, for the first time at the global level, legal entities were recognized as the subject of crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity – the Elite Guard (SS), the Security Service (SD), the Secret State Police (Gestapo) and the National Socialist Workers’ Party of Germany (NSRPG). At the same time, not all crimes committed by high-ranking officials and institutions of Nazi Germany during the Second World War were reflected or properly assessed in it; • the expectations of the world community from the Nuremberg Trials were only partially justified, since in those years many in the world believed that all Nazi criminals should be put to death without trial. Only the firm position of the USSR and its insistent demands to the allied powers about the need to bring them to trial prevented further extrajudicial reprisals against them; • the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg cannot be regarded as a “court of victors” over the defeated. It should be perceived as a unique judicial and legal phenomenon in the history of mankind - Transitional Justice at a critical stage in the modern history of mankind.
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Vorozhtsova, Nadezhda A. "The seasons in the cycle of the poems “About Natureˮ by Konstantin Sluchevsky: the author's concept of the universe". Vestnik of Kostroma State University 29, n.º 1 (14 de junho de 2023): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-1-123-131.
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This article analyses the poems dedicated to spring, summer, autumn, winter. The study of seasonal lyrics by Konstantin Sluchevsky reveals the connection of the lyrical hero of his works with the emotional state and philosophical reflections of the “timelessnessˮ era human. The author of the article reveals both traditional and innovative approaches to creating landscape lyrics, analyses “cross-cutting motifs”, eternal themes, mythopoetic images of “river”, “water”, “sun”, “earth”, “world of treesˮ. The study draws attention to the specific style of the poet – the complicated construction of metaphors, the use of sound writing, the personification of natural phenomena, endowing traditional poetic images with non-traditional properties. The author of the article proves that the cycle “About Natureˮ can be considered as a reflection of Sluchevsky’s philosophical position, who perceives life in all its versatility and completeness. The poet reflects the tragic perception of the earthly existence of human and the inevitability of death in many works. At the same time, his works contain both the motif of resignation to the inevitability of suffering and readiness to calmly accept them, as well as a romantic aspiration to other “happy”, but “foreign” worlds, an understanding of death as a possible liberation of a person from the shackles of tragic earthly existence.
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NIZAMUTDINOV, M. M., e V. V. ORESHNIKOV. "MODELING OF ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR PROPERTIES OF PARTICIPANTS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES". Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2021-0-3-55-60.
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The article deals with the issues of modeling socio-economic systems at the regional level. A promising direction in this area is the use of an agent-based approach based on taking into account the features and a certain autonomy of the behavior of interacting agents. Moreover, one of their key properties is the ability to adapt to changing conditions of functioning. Proceeding from this, in order to solve the problems of increasing the efficiency of developing strategic decisions, it is necessary to develop tools to support management decisions, which will be based on the use of an adaptive simulation model of the region. To do this, the article provides a brief overview of the types of agents depending on the methods of processing and using the information they perceive, an algorithm for the functioning of the agent within the framework of the simulation model is presented. It is shown that the information received by the agent can be of different nature. Separate characteristics of any objects, phenomena form a database. The collection of such information forms a precedent. A set of precedents form a rule base. The analysis showed that the adaptability of the agent's behavior is becoming an essential condition for the implementation of his goals. It should be noted that the agent acts in conditions of incomplete information, and his actions are largely described by the theory of bounded rationality. The structure of perceived information is shown and an approach to reflecting the adaptive properties of an agent through the learning subsystem is proposed. Its elements and implementation options are highlighted. From the point of view of reflecting the adaptive properties of the agent, obtaining new information leads to the replenishment of the database and the base of use cases. At the same time, within the framework of analytical activities, new information is compared with the expectations formed on the basis of previously available data and reflected in the agent's rule base. If the information received is contrary to the existing rules, then this becomes the starting point for their revision. Thus, the adaptation of the agent within the framework of the developed simulation model of the region is based on the adjustment of the rule base.
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Elmoghazy, Zeinab Ahmed Abd ElGhaffar, e Hazem M. Nour Afify. "Reflective Façades: Revisiting a Neglected Trait of Modernism in Contemporary Architecture with New Implications and Significance". Buildings 13, n.º 11 (30 de outubro de 2023): 2740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112740.
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Reflection and transparency are two valuable properties associated with the use of glass as an architectural material. While proponents of modernism favored transparency over reflection, whether in its physical or conceptual implications, to justify the designs of façades of Modernist buildings and in architectural criticism, contemporary architects are revisiting the neglected trait of ‘reflection’. Taking advantage of the technological advances in glass and other materials that have taken reflection to new limits, they are able to design reflective façades, providing new implications and significance. This paper aims to fill the theoretical gap that arises from the different conceptual ideas of using reflective façades. It will also explore the implications intended by architects to be perceived by viewers, thereby facilitating the future use of these façades in a way that satisfies architects and attracts beholders. The research methodology employed thematic analysis of various experiences of the use of reflective façades in different buildings with diverse functions and locations. The vocabulary used by architects and their intended implications were analyzed, coded, and categorized under three main themes: ‘Aesthetics of Disappearance’, ‘Games of Optical Illusions’, and ‘Mystery and Arousing Curiosity’.
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Deeken, Friederike, Andreas Häusler, Johanna Nordheim, Michael Rapp, Nina Knoll e Nina Rieckmann. "Psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale in a sample of German dementia patients and their caregivers". International Psychogeriatrics 30, n.º 1 (24 de julho de 2017): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217001387.
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ABSTRACTBackground:The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in a sample of dementia patients and their spousal caregivers.Methods:We investigated the reliability and validity of the 14-item PSS in a sample of 80 couples, each including one spouse who had been diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia (mean age 75.55, SD = 5.85, 38.7% female) and one spousal caregiver (mean age 73.06, SD = 6.75, 61.3% female). We also examined the factor structure and sensitivity of the scale with regard to gender differences.Results:Exploratory factor analysis of the PSS revealed a two-factor solution for the scale; the first factor reflected general stress while the second factor consisted of items reflecting the perceived ability to cope with stressors. A confirmatory factor analysis verified that the data were a better fit for the two-factor model than a one-factor model. The two factors of the PSS showed good reliability for patients as well as for caregivers ranging between α = 0.73 and α = 0.82. Perceived stress was significantly positively correlated with depressive symptomatology in both caregivers and patients. Mean PSS scores did not significantly differ between male and female patients nor did they differ between male and female caregivers.Conclusion:The present data indicate that the PSS provides a reliable and valid measure of perceived stress in dementia patients and their caregivers.
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Song, Jieun, Minjeong Kim e Jaehan Park. "Acoustic correlates of perceived personality from Korean utterances in a formal communicative setting". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 10 (31 de outubro de 2023): e0293222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293222.
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The aim of the present study was to find acoustic correlates of perceived personality from the speech produced in a formal communicative setting–that of Korean customer service employees in particular. This work extended previous research on voice personality impressions to a different sociocultural and linguistic context in which speakers are expected to speak politely in a formal register. To use naturally produced speech rather than read speech, we devised a new method that successfully elicited spontaneous speech from speakers who were role-playing as customer service employees, while controlling for the words and sentence structures they used. We then examined a wide range of acoustic properties in the utterances, including voice quality and global acoustic and segmental properties using Principal Component Analysis. Subjects of the personality rating task listened to the utterances and rated perceived personality in terms of the Big-Five personality traits. While replicating some previous findings, we discovered several acoustic variables that exclusively accounted for the personality judgments of female speakers; a more modal voice quality increased perceived conscientiousness and neuroticism, and less dispersed formants reflecting a larger body size increased the perceived levels of extraversion and openness. These biases in personality perception likely reflect gender and occupation-related stereotypes that exist in South Korea. Our findings can also serve as a basis for developing and evaluating synthetic speech for Voice Assistant applications in future studies.
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Paré, Guy, Luigi Lepanto, David Aubry e Claude Sicotte. "Toward a multidimensional assessment of picture archiving and communication system success". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 21, n.º 4 (outubro de 2005): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462305050658.
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Objectives: Based on a prevalent framework in the information systems field, this study proposes and describes an integrated model for evaluating picture archiving and communication system (PACS) success from multiple users' perspectives.Methods: Our study details the validation process of the proposed model at a large tertiary-care teaching hospital in Canada. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected to assess the psychometric properties of the measurement instrument and test the research hypotheses.Results: Our findings clearly reveal that radiologists, technologists, and clinicians have different views regarding the factors influencing PACS success. For instance, the results for radiologists show that their concern with efficiency and productivity is best guaranteed by a system that is reliable and easy to use. Furthermore, that only perceived system usefulness influenced clinicians' satisfaction with PACS is a reflection of the primary impact that technology has on their work, namely, the ability to have instant access to images from any point in the hospital. Even though, overall, all three groups view the adoption of PACS positively, the mean scores indicate that radiologists and technologists seem to be more satisfied and their expectations to be met at a higher level than clinicians.Conclusions: We believe the measurement instruments developed in this study can be used as a diagnostic tool by project managers interested in better understanding the extent to which different groups of stakeholders perceive the deployment of PACS as being successful and how factors influencing perceptions of PACS success vary across user types.
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Słysz, Anna, Piotr Haładziński e Piotr Kaczmarek. "Lifelong learning and the structure of professionals' thinking, on the example of case conceptualisation". Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 15, n.º 3 (13 de abril de 2020): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-12-2019-0066.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the elements of psychotherapists’ informal education and features of concept maps reflecting the properties of thinking structure. Design/methodology/approach To study the structure of professional thinking, a complex diagnostic task (computer-aided conceptual mapping task) was used. The diagnostic task consisted of categorising the client’s statements, presenting relations between the categories and concept maps accounting for problems reported by the client and contributing factors and links between them. Findings The obtained results showed that self-education, through participation in scientific conferences and attending training courses, was significantly associated with the number of perceived causal relationships between categories and the number of perceived reciprocal links between conceptual categories. Originality/value This research show factors which may contribute to more reliable case conceptualisation in psychotherapy. The method used to measure integrative complexity was original.
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Ramaccia, D., A. Alù, A. Toscano e F. Bilotti. "Propagation and scattering effects in temporal metastructures". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2015, n.º 1 (1 de novembro de 2021): 012120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2015/1/012120.
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Abstract Electromagnetic scattering typically occurs when a change in the material properties is perceived by the propagating wave, that inevitably splits into a reflected and refracted wave to maintain the continuity of the field components at the interface between the two media. However, such a scattering phenomenon occurs also when the entire media suddenly switches its properties to other values at a certain instant of time, realizing the so-called temporal interface. After a temporal interface, a couple of waves, one reflected and one transmitted, starts to propagate in the new media with the same wavelength but at a different frequency. Exploiting the analogies and differences between spatial and temporal interfaces, in this contribution we present the temporal counterparts of conventional electromagnetic devices based on dielectric slabs and a cascade of them, i.e., the multilayered structures. We discuss about the analysis and design strategies for synthetizing the desired scattering response in both transmission and reflection and present the possible families of devices based on multi-switched temporal metamaterials that can be conceived.
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New, T. R. "Are predatory arthropods useful indicators in Australian agroecosystems?" Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, n.º 4 (2007): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05269.
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Information on the diversity and roles of two groups of arthropod predators (Neuroptera and Araneae) in Australian cropping systems is reviewed, as a foundation for discussing the properties of such predators that may render them useful bioindicators, and for discussing their ecological roles in agroecosystems. Predators are a prime target for conservation and augmentation, reflecting their perceived or actual positive roles in pest management, but most appear to have little value as true bioindicators in agricultural environments. In Australia, Neuroptera are represented by very few species in most agroecosystems, and all of these species are polyphagous generalists. Biological knowledge of Araneae, and of the factors that influence their species richness, is too scanty to enable sound understanding of changes in assemblage composition that might otherwise be regarded as ‘indication’. The current value of these groups as bioindicators is minimal.
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Heimer, Astrid Maria. "The role of aesthetics in design education". Techne serien - Forskning i slöjdpedagogik och slöjdvetenskap 30, n.º 1 (8 de março de 2023): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/technea.5259.
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Design education has undergone transformations over time, although less emphasis has been placed on developing core areas such as form and aesthetics. Learning processes in design education are creative and comprehensive, but to an extent, learning has become a mission with a large focus on relevance and societal benefits. The designer’s role has become somewhat more instrumental, and designers’ function more often as facilitators than creators. Nevertheless, form and aesthetics are important competences that enable students to work creatively with both processes and results. As creators, design students need to develop their personal comprehension of forms and aesthetic expressions. This article demonstrates how aesthetics are activated through assignments and exercises that leverage awareness and experiences of concrete forms and abstractions. The assignments and exercises were given to bachelor’s degree and master’s degree students in Product Design at Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway, and to students from all levels (bachelor’s, master’s and PhD) at UNESP, Bauru in Brazil. Aesthetic awareness relates to perception and abstract form principles demonstrated through assignments and exercises, including various dramaturgies, results, and reflections. Examples demonstrate how haptic experiences change the way students perceive forms and spaces, particularly when the visual senses are muted or removed. Based on the students’ reflections and the results of the exercises, knowledge achieved through their explorations is equally valuable beyond the actual properties of forms and the engagement of personal affect from the creative processes.Keywords: aesthetic awareness, abstraction, comprehension of form, creativity, design education
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Domakov, V. "Reflection of constitutional law and its «legal capacity»". National Security and Strategic Planning 2020, n.º 1 (30 de março de 2020): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2020-1-53-65.
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State of matter: The application of philosophical categories that determine the nature, content and form of objects and phenomena makes it possible, with regard to law and its most important branch, the Constitutional Law, to form a clear idea not only about their reflection, but also about the reflection of its «legal possibility» - the Constitution RF.
The stability of their existence, which is understandable for most people, has al-ways been linked without problems to the meaning and value of their life, and for this reason it is quite justified to proceed from the a priori assumption that such stability is unconditionally present in society. It was provided by a set of legal principles that characterized only the attitude of legal subjects to the law; the specific representation of the «function of law», which was defined as the «direction of legal influence», which corresponds to the «area of its meanings», the specific semantic content of the right to «dispose», and the «rules of law» that determine its content were not listed and received only a semantic description in the articles of normative legal acts.
Legal conflicts were supplemented by conflicts of the Basic law of the state, which include the fact that the principles of law were not included in it, while being formulated not in its preamble, but in normative legal articles, which allowed, although under the threat of pun-ishment, to deviate from them; the basis of the «public relations» – «property» was characterized by a deficiency of her substantive views, allowing to identify the concept of «democracy» with «freedom of choice», and justified by Aristotle introduced «separation of powers», which those in power perceived somehow as «separation of powers».
Unfortunately, the amendments proposed and developed by the «Working group on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation» do not eliminate these contradictions, just like the opposition's «street demands» to keep the Constitution of the Russian Federation unchanged.
Results: It is proposed to proceed from the fact that the objective reality associated with the presence of people in a very changeable and aggressive environment, with difficulties due to the presence of very contradictory interests of their coexistence, is changing, and stability is only a special case of it.
This makes it possible at the level of law and its most important branch – constitutional law-to base the axiomatics of relations in society on universal values; to use the categorical-structural-system method to identify conceptual, static and dynamic contradictions in law; to legalize the generally accepted concept of «function» and on this basis to develop a functional structure of law and implementing its organizational structure of law, allowing to identify static contradictions, while dynamic contradictions can be identified and eliminated by preliminary testing in practice, following the example of legal custom.
With regard to the Constitution of the Russian Federation proposed to introduce the principles of law and its content in the preamble; to return to the conventional understanding of «ownership» that is always meant legalized «the belonging of something to someone»; on its basis to legitimize its structural representation as a «complex object», allowing along with private property to enter the public property in which every citizen of the Russian Federation becomes a co-owner of the national heritage without allocation of its share that will really allow you to control (dispose of) objects and subjects of ownership, i.e. to create conditions for extracting the maximum possible properties from them, and on this basis to legitimize «democracy» as «the power of the people», without replacing it with the phrase «freedom of choice», which means to completely abandon the long-obsolete «division of power», which is identified with the «division of powers».
The scope of the results: The results obtained can be widely used in practice in a constantly changing objective reality.
Conclusions: Short-term patching of the current Constitution of the Russian Federation, which preserves all the contradictions in law and its branch-the Basic law, just as leaving it without any changes in principle cannot solve the problem of creating optimal conditions for extracting the most useful properties from objects and subjects of property and maximum filling of the country's budget.
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Alharthi, Sager. "Measuring the Psychometric Properties of the Customers' Experience with Banking Electronic Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic". International Journal of Business & Management Studies 04, n.º 10 (11 de outubro de 2023): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijbms.v4n10a3.
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The use of banking electronic services (e-services) increased dramatically during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic. This increase has been associated with failures, defects, and shortcomings in such services. Research on this topic is increasingly using different methodologies. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties (i.e., reliability and validity) of a recently developed scale designed to measure customers’ experiences with banking e-services in Saudi Arabia during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This scale has been reported to have acceptable face and content validity. The quantitative research approach is applied and data is collected through a research survey. The scale’s questionnaire has two parts: one part consists of items on demographic variables (e.g., age, gender, and experience of service failure) and the other of 75 items on topics such as perceived information quality, digital commitment, service satisfaction, and cultural impact on choice of e-banking services. A descriptive-explorative, cross-sectional research design was used in this study, which focused on Saudi banks and utilized a non-probability sample of 555 customers. The scale was subjected to normality testing and did not violate normal distribution assumptions. The scale also showed acceptable levels of sphericity, and the Q–Q plot showed a significant relationship among items, reflecting normal distribution of items. The scale’s internal consistency value was 0.986. The results of a principal component analysis showed that all 75 items loaded above the cutoff point of 0.50 and could be subsumed under four factors: information processing and quality of services, perceived justice, security and safety, and e-services recovery and banking choices. The newly developed scale is valid and reliable for the target population and can be used to measure customers’ experiences with banking e-services. Further testing is warranted to ensure the scale’s suitability and stability over time and for other populations.
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Kumar, Vijay, Rajeev Verma, Vishal S. Sharma e Varun Sharma. "Recent progresses in super-hydrophobicity and micro-texturing for engineering applications". Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 9, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 043003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ac4321.
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Abstract Increasing interests have been prevalent lately among the research fraternity for the development of superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) considering the favorable properties exuded by them. Recently, SHS have been employed effectively in diverse engineering applications like self-cleaning/anti-dust, anti-reflecting coatings, corrosion resistance, anti-biofouling, biomedical, oil-water separation, drag reduction, anti-icing, and cavitation erosion. Further, patterned topology by micro/nano surface texturing has been perceived lately as an engineering opportunity to enhance the surface performance and has opened various avenues for exploration. This work reports the recent research findings pertaining to the concept of superhydrophobicity and micro-texturing particularly in the context of their application for the impediment of the adversaries in metallic components. The comprehensive review on SHS and micro-texturing suggests that the integrated application of these surface modification techniques are proficient for mechanical interlocking of the deposited coatings.
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Lebedev, Mikhail A., Diana K. Douglass, Sohie Lee Moody e Steven P. Wise. "Prefrontal Cortex Neurons Reflecting Reports of a Visual Illusion". Journal of Neurophysiology 85, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2001): 1395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.4.1395.
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When a small, focally attended visual stimulus and a larger background frame shift location at the same time, the frame's new location can affect spatial perception. For horizontal displacements on the order of 1–2°, when the frame moves more than the attended stimulus, human subjects may perceive that the attended stimulus has shifted to the right or left when it has not done so. However, that misapprehension does not disable accurate eye movements to the same stimulus. We trained a rhesus monkey to report the direction that an attended stimulus had shifted by making an eye movement to one of the two report targets. Then, using conditions that induce displacement illusions in human subjects, we tested the hypothesis that neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex (PF) would reflect the displacement directions reported by the monkey, even when they conflicted with the actual displacement, if any, of the attended stimulus. We also predicted that these cells would have directional selectivity for movements used to make those reports, but not for similar eye movements made to fixate the attended stimulus. A population of PF neurons showed the predicted properties, which could not be accounted for on the basis of either eye-movement or frame-shift parameters. This activity, termed report-related, began approximately 150 ms before the onset of the reporting saccade. Another population of PF neurons showed greater directional selectivity for saccadic eye movements made to fixate the attended stimulus than for similar saccades made to report its displacement. In view of the evidence that PF functions to integrate inputs and actions occurring at different times and places, the present findings support the idea that such integration involves movements to acquire response targets, directly, as well as actions guided by less direct response rules, such as perceptual reports.
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Sousa Sobrinho, Aysllan. "Contextualização das propriedades físicas dos materiais cerâmicos no ensino médio uma abordagem associada à BNCC". Somma Revista Cientifica do Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí 7, n.º 1 (21 de maio de 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51361/somma.v7i1.171.
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This work aimed to analyze the contextualization of physics teaching in high school based on theBNCC and point out suggestions for the application of the pedagogical assumptions set out in the document. For that, the bibliographical research on the BNCC is used as methodological aspects, defining as an action proposal a class on the physical properties of ceramic materials for high school students for the development of students regarding the document's guidelines. The results of the pedagogical action indicate that the contextualization of the contents gives meaning to the subjects studied, as students can perceive the relevance of applying knowledge to technological advancement, as they were able to assess the harms and benefits of the use of ceramic materials, through critical reflection on materials, as well as building the ability to argue and analyze proposals for intervention, considering ethical and environmental aspects historically linked to the scientific-technological development of materials, having as a point of interest the knowledge of physical properties. Thus, the approach suggested here didactically reflects the pedagogical assumptions of contextualization of teaching, according to the BNCC, for the development of essential skills and abilities for students.KEYWORDS: Ceramics.Physical properties.BNCC.Physics teaching.
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Brandenburg, Jason P., e Luisa V. Giles. "Four Days of Blueberry Powder Supplementation Lowers the Blood Lactate Response to Running But Has No Effect on Time-Trial Performance". International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, n.º 6 (1 de novembro de 2019): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0040.
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Blueberries are abundant with anthocyanins possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. As these properties combat fatigue and promote recovery, blueberry supplementation may enhance performance and recovery. Thus, the objectives were to examine the effects of two blueberry supplementation protocols on running performance, physiological responses, and short-term recovery. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled crossover design, 14 runners completed an 8-km time trial (TT) after supplementation with 4 days of blueberries (4DAY), 4 days of a PLA, or 2 days of placebo followed by 2 days of blueberries (2DAY). Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion were monitored during the TT. Blood lactate, vertical jump, reactive strength index, and salivary markers were assessed before and after. No significant differences were observed for time to complete the TT (PLA: 3,010 ± 459 s; 2DAY: 3,014 ± 488 s; 4DAY: 3,011 ± 423 s), heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, or any of the salivary markers. An interaction effect (p = .027) was observed for blood lactate, with lower post-TT concentrations in 4DAY (5.4 ± 2.0 mmol/L) than PLA (6.6 ± 2.5 mmol/L; p = .038) and 2DAY (7.4 ± 3.4 mmol/L; p = .034). Post-TT decreases in vertical jump height were not different, whereas the decline in reactive strength index was less following 4DAY (−6.1% ± 13.5%) than the other conditions (PLA: −12.6% ± 10.1%; 2DAY: −11.6% ± 11.5%; p = .038). Two days of supplementation did not influence performance or physiological stress. Although 4 days of supplementation did not alter performance, it blunted the increase in blood lactate, perhaps reflecting altered lactate production and/or clearance, and offset the decrease in dynamic muscle function post-TT, as indicated by the reactive strength index differences.
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Wilbiks, Jonathan M. P., e Benjamin Dyson. "Effects of within-modal congruency, cross-modal congruency and temporal asynchrony on the perception of perceived audio–visual distance". Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648080.
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The factors we use to determine whether information from separate modalities should be assigned to the same source include task demands, the spatial and temporal coincidence of the composite signals, and, whether the signals are congruent with one another. In a series of experiments, we examined how temporal asynchrony and congruency interact in a competitive binding situation. Across a series of experiments, participants assigned a temporally roving auditory stimulus to competing primary or secondary visual anchors (VAV), or, a temporally roving visual stimulus to competing primary or secondary auditory anchors (AVA), based on causality. Congruency was defined in terms of simulated distance both within- and between-modalities (visual: small, auditory: quiet = far; visual: large, auditory: loud = near). Strong temporal effects were revealed, with differences between VAV and AVA conditions reflecting natural auditory lag tolerance for binding. During VAV conditions, binding was influenced only by visual congruency. During AVA conditions, binding was influenced by audio–visual congruency. These differences did not seem to be due to the relative discriminability between visual and auditory magnitude. The data reiterate the dominance of audition in the time domain (showing stronger temporal effects), the dominance of vision in the spatial domain (showing stronger congruency effects), and, the assistance of domain-inappropriate modalities by domain-appropriate modalities. A special case of congruency in terms of visual looming will also be discussed, along with the potential alerting properties of high magnitude stimuli.
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Krysankov, Timothey G. "Philosophical Analysis of Choreographic Language: The Nature and Specificity of Dance Expressiveness". Observatory of Culture 21, n.º 2 (19 de abril de 2024): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2024-21-2-188-198.
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Productive analysis of the language of choreographic art in order to determine the specifics of dance expressiveness requires the solution of three main tasks. Firstly, to explain the mechanism of functioning of the kinetic language; secondly, to highlight the expressive possibilities of dance, mime and plasticity; thirdly, to understand the ontological foundations of human motor activity in dance. It is not possible to solve the set tasks within the framework of cultural or semiotic approaches only. In this way, the phenomenon of dance is interpreted according to its representation in artistic culture, in the context of its functioning in the process of semiosis, and dance movements are initially endowed with communicative properties. The solution of the set tasks was carried out at the level of philosophical reflection. It was determined that a human being, as a result of the association of ideas and impressions in his consciousness, is peculiar to endow all objects and phenomena of reality perceived by him with meaning. Thus, the association of ideas and impressions in the human consciousness is the functional basis of kinetic language. But absolutely any manifestation of human motor activity can be endowed with meaning in a similar way. That is why dance, pantomime and plasticity — three related expressive means using human body movements as a material — were singled out in the kinetic language. Since it is impossible to understand the nature of dance movements on the basis of their external features, a hypothesis was proposed according to which these features themselves are conditioned by the inner state of mind of the dancer. Dance was defined as a type of human motor activity genetically connected with the “affect of joy” and aimed at maintaining and preserving its action. The conclusion is made: the specificity of dance expressiveness lies in the translation of a unique human state of mind, which is characterized by the feeling of unity of the rise of the body’s vitality and the increased ability of the soul to feel and perceive life in its fullness.
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Jang, Seohyun, Joo-Hyung Kim e Jihyun Kim. "Detection of Microplastics in Water and Ice". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 17 (6 de setembro de 2021): 3532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13173532.
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It is possible to detect various microplastics (MPs) floating on water or contained in ice due to the unique optical characteristics of plastics of various chemical compositions and structures. When the MPs are measured in the spectral region between 800 and 1000 nm, which has relatively little influence on the temperature change in water, they are frequently perceived as noise or obscured by the surrounding reflection spectra because of the small number and low intensity of the representative peak wavelengths. In this study, we have applied several mathematical methods, including the convex hull, Gaussian deconvolution, and curve fitting to amplify and normalize the reflectance and thereby find the spectral properties of each polymer, namely polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), methyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polyethylene (PE). Blunt-shaped spectra with a relatively large maximum of normalized reflectance (NRmax) can be decomposed into several Gaussian peak wavelengths: 889, 910, and 932 nm for the PP and 898 and 931 nm for the PE. Moreover, unique peak wavelengths with the meaningful measure at 868 and 907 nm for the PET and 887 nm for the PMMA were also obtained. Based on the results of the study, one can say that each plastic can be identified with up to 81% precision by compensating based on the spectral properties even when they are hidden in water or ice.
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del Carmen Llasat, M., e F. Siccardi. "A reflection about the social and technological aspects in flood risk management – the case of the Italian Civil Protection". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, n.º 1 (19 de janeiro de 2010): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-109-2010.
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Abstract. The right of a person to be protected from natural hazards is a characteristic of the social and economical development of the society. This paper is a contribution to the reflection about the role of Civil Protection organizations in a modern society. The paper is based in the inaugural conference made by the authors on the 9th Plinius Conference on Mediterranean Storms. Two major issues are considered. The first one is sociological; the Civil Protection organizations and the responsible administration of the land use planning should be perceived as reliable as possible, in order to get consensus on the restrictions they pose, temporary or definitely, on the individual free use of the territory as well as in the entire warning system. The second one is technological: in order to be reliable they have to issue timely alert and warning to the population at large, but such alarms should be as "true" as possible. With this aim, the paper summarizes the historical evolution of the risk assessment, starting from the original concept of "hazard", introducing the concepts of "scenario of event" and "scenario of risk" and ending with a discussion about the uncertainties and limits of the most advanced and efficient tools to predict, to forecast and to observe the ground effects affecting people and their properties. The discussion is centred in the case of heavy rains and flood events in the North-West of Mediterranean Region.
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Zharkova, Valeriya. "Music by Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel: a Modern View of the Problem of Style Identification". Scientific herald of Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine, n.º 130 (18 de março de 2021): 24–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2522-4190.2021.130.231181.
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The relevance of the article is determined by the appeal to the debatable issues of stylistic differentiation of the works by Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel as the French musical culture leading representatives of the late 19th and the first third of the 20th centuries. The research reflections about the connections betwen Debussy and Ravel on the principle “for / against” have not subsided for more than a hundred years. This testifies to the special urgency of this problem and the need to search for modern approaches to understanding the artistic identity of two brilliant contemporaries.Scientific novelty. For the first time, the multidirectionality of the composing strategies by Debussy and Ravel is indicated through the the concept of style in its interdisciplinary philosophicalcategorical status and the explanationof its functions of identification and communication in the general cultural understanding (O. Ustyugova). For the first time the difference between the cultural phenomena processes integration in the era of modernism into the new artistic wholes, with unique properties, which is appropriate to define as “Debussy’s style” and “Ravel’s style”, is revealed.The purpose of the article is to reveal the multidirectionality of the composing strategies of Debussy and Ravel through an appeal to the main stylistic functions of identification and communication in general cultural understanding (O. Ustyugova); to designate the non-coincidence of channels of integration of cultural phenomena in the era of modernism into new artistic wholes, which have unique properties such as “Debussy’s style” and “Ravel’s style”.The research methodology includes the use of historical, stylistic, comparative methods.Main results and conclusions. The existing musicological literature emphasizes the influence of romanticism, post-romanticism, impressionism, symbolism, neoclassicism, Art Nouveau, moderne style on the formation of the individual style of Debussy and Ravel. Each of these directions had a certain reflection in the work of composers. However, let us try to highlight in the conceptual space of the many-sided “isms” of the cultural context of the era of modernism the hidden sources of the deployment of the creative intentions of the both brilliant contemporaries. We will choose the fundamental work of E. Ustyugova “Style and Culture: Experience of Building a General Theory of Style” (2003) as a methodological basis for this. E. Ustyugova proposes to go beyond the understanding style as a “migratory structure” (term by J. Rebane) and a convenient “classification tool” (J. Burnham) in structural and typological studies of art and move on to a comprehensive study of the essence of this phenomenon. For this, according to the researcher, it is necessary to carry out two analytical procedures. The first is based on the awareness of the experience of the mismatch between the object and the subject. The second involves considering the style in the aspect of intersubjective communication.With this view on the problem of identifying the patterns of formation and development of cultural phenomena, it is not the nominative parameters and the “herbarization” of genrelinguistic units that come to the fore, but the comprehension of the multilevel subject-object relations that formed these phenomena; “live reproduction” of the matrix of the world perception as channels of communication between the “I” and everything that appears as “not-I”.The creative paths of Debussy and Ravel represent diferent creative strategies. The “pure meaning”, unspeakable by words and free from all earthly, to which Debussy aspired, creates parallels with the texts of symbolist poets and destroy the boundaries between “I” and “not-I”.
In the fundamental monographs of French researchers dedicated to the composer an idea has long been entrenched: the composer’s creative laboratory was poetry, and Debussy’s address to the poetic word throughout all his creative decades constantly expanding the semantic horizons of his “artistic realities”.Debussy’s spiritual intentions merged into a single sound-glow in the indivisible space of being. The word in all its dimensions (from literal to metaphysical) indicated the stages of the process of dissolving the personal “I” and going beyond (au-délà) the established forms of artistic expression. Therefore, various kinds of the names (or “afterwords”, as in the Preludes), epigraphs, numerous super-detailed directions remained an integral part of an integral sound structure. His musical language, destroying the connections in time between the past and the future (rejection of the system of functional gravities that should be “stretched” in musical memory), created a certain correspondence (“here and now”) with the phenomenon of being.Hence the following characteristics of the composer’s musical works: 1) the impeccable construction of the whole, which is “thought out to the smallest detail” (E. Denisov), subtle multilevel “correspondences” and symmetries; 2) total thematization of texture (K. Zenkin); 3) selfsufficient semantic expressiveness of the “pure sound forms” (K. Zenkin), which became the embodiment of “an agonizing thirst for undeniably pure” (S. Velikovsky).These properties of Debussy’s style open up the possibility to get into the spiritual dimensions filled with pure beauty, which so attracted the followers of Baudelaire. Using the typology of teh subject-object relations proposed by E. Ustyugova, Debussy’s style can be attributed throughout the paradigm of hidden subjectivity. Debussy was well aware of his “non-romantic” position.The artistic aspirations of Maurice Ravel more clearly resonate with the creative attitudes of Art Nouveau artists, who were looking for new forms of plastic expressiveness mainly in spatial forms of art. It seems that it is with this direction that a special feeling of the plasticity of the musical material and the entire musical composition as a unique phenomenon is associated, which determines the composer’s creative credo.The concept of “plasticity” indicates such a connection between coordinated phenomena, which appears through the reincarnation (transformation) of a certain material substance, when we keep in memory its output characteristics. Ballet works and the reliance on dance genres (and more broadly, various types of plasticity of gesture and movement) reveal the hidden basis of the composer’s thinking. This approach allows one to re-evaluate Ravel’s connections with the ancient heritage (it is symptomatic that the composer called his first “adult” work, devoted to the press, “Antique Minuet”) and to understand the meanings of constant antique reminiscences with which he filled his life.Like a real dandy who lets the vibrations of the world pass through himself, Ravel is sensitive to them and “cuts off” random, “ugly”, “unnecessary” ones. Hence — the special beauty of the artistic structures created by the composer. They are built not in a “filtered” ideal-beautiful dimension, but in the space of shimmering opposites (the corporeal — free from the corporeal, the familiar — the unknown). Ravel’s inherent tendency towards the graphic relief of the melodic line creates parallels with the “famous lines of Art Nouveau” (Fahr-Becker Gabriele) and is especially distinct, characterizes the composer’s later works.The non-everyday register of semantic reverberations of what is happening in the process of metamorphosis in the composer’s music (his plastic questioning about the existential nature of the source material) demanded a special listener’s responsiveness. Mistifications, hiding behind a mask, playing with the listener are Ravel’s usual communication strategies. Therefore, according to the typology of the subject-object relations proposed by E. Ustyugova, we can speak here of the paradigm of “open subjectivity”, which is characterized by the direct orientation of the subject towards himself. Hence — the principle of auto-citation characteristic of Ravel. The quintessence of its use are the composer’s later works — the opera Child and Magic, as well as the Piano Concerto in G major — the Dandy summa summarum of the composer’s previous career.The game of “correspondences” (Baudelaire) was manifested by composers in various ways and conditioned various channels of communication. Debussy makes the semantics of sound education a semantic unit, appeals to the listener with the expressiveness of the structure itself. Therefore he always emphasizes, appeals to the elite listener. Ravel, on the other hand, hides behind masks and theatrical illusions. He needs a listener who has a culture of distance (who owns wide meaning contextual fields). The contextual layers associated with musical texts express that “degree of distance” from the object of attention, which the composer himself chooses and whose parameters are constantly changing. Therefore, Ravel never turns twice in the genre, style or stylistic model he has already used.So, if the works by Debussy can be perceived “from scratch” because of their structural completeness and semantic tightness, then the works by Ravel require the listener to know the musical context and readiness to lay it out “fold by fold” (J. Deleuze) in new semantic projections.At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, French culture was looking for a means of creating a “state of resonance” (G. Bachelard) as an extraordinary impression, “awakening”, without which a person cannot take place. Debussy and Ravel moved in this direction. Therefore, only through the identification of all the “correspondences” of the era of a total change of creative guidelines and a departure from unambiguous stylistic “avatars” can one feel its essential discoveries. The study of the lines of intersection of the Debussy music and the Ravel music with various artistic phenomena of the past and the present illuminates certain reflections of the “style of the era”. However understanding the deep patterns of the creative manner of the two contemporaries requires differentiating the definitions of “Debussy’s style” and “Ravel’s style” and their further studying.
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Bressloff, Paul C., Jack D. Cowan, Martin Golubitsky, Peter J. Thomas e Matthew C. Wiener. "Geometric visual hallucinations, Euclidean symmetry and the functional architecture of striate cortex". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 356, n.º 1407 (29 de março de 2001): 299–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0769.
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This paper is concerned with a striking visual experience: that of seeing geometric visual hallucinations. Hallucinatory images were classified by Klüver into four groups called form constants comprising (i) gratings, lattices, fretworks, filigrees, honeycombs and chequer–boards, (ii) cobwebs, (iii) tunnels, funnels, alleys, cones and vessels, and (iv) spirals. This paper describes a mathematical investigation of their origin based on the assumption that the patterns of connection between retina and striate cortex (henceforth referred to as V1)—the retinocortical map—and of neuronal circuits in V1, both local and lateral, determine their geometry. In the first part of the paper we show that form constants, when viewed in V1 coordinates, essentially correspond to combinations of plane waves, the wavelengths of which are integral multiples of the width of a human Hubel–Wiesel hypercolumn, ca . 1.33–2 mm. We next introduce a mathematical description of the large–scale dynamics of V1 in terms of the continuum limit of a lattice of interconnected hypercolumns, each of which itself comprises a number of interconnected iso–orientation columns. We then show that the patterns of interconnection in V1 exhibit a very interesting symmetry, i.e. they are invariant under the action of the planar Euclidean group E(2)—the group of rigid motions in the plane—rotations, reflections and translations. What is novel is that the lateral connectivity of V1 is such that a new group action is needed to represent its properties: by virtue of its anisotropy it is invariant with respect to certain shifts and twists of the plane. It is this shift–twist invariance that generates new representations of E(2). Assuming that the strength of lateral connections is weak compared with that of local connections, we next calculate the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the cortical dynamics, using Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory. The result is that in the absence of lateral connections, the eigenfunctions are degenerate, comprising both even and odd combinations of sinusoids in ϕ, the cortical label for orientation preference, and plane waves in r , the cortical position coordinate. 'switching–on' the lateral interactions breaks the degeneracy and either even or else odd eigenfunctions are selected. These results can be shown to follow directly from the Euclidean symmetry we have imposed. In the second part of the paper we study the nature of various even and odd combinations of eigenfunctions or planforms, the symmetries of which are such that they remain invariant under the particular action of E(2) we have imposed. These symmetries correspond to certain subgroups of E(2), the so–called axial subgroups. Axial subgroups are important in that the equivariant branching lemma indicates that when a symmetrical dynamical system becomes unstable, new solutions emerge which have symmetries corresponding to the axial subgroups of the underlying symmetry group. This is precisely the case studied in this paper. Thus we study the various planforms that emerge when our model V1 dynamics become unstable under the presumed action of hallucinogens or flickering lights. We show that the planforms correspond to the axial subgroups of E(2), under the shift–twist action. We then compute what such planforms would look like in the visual field, given an extension of the retinocortical map to include its action on local edges and contours. What is most interesting is that, given our interpretation of the correspondence between V1 planforms and perceived patterns, the set of planforms generates representatives of all the form constants. It is also noteworthy that the planforms derived from our continuum model naturally divide V1 into what are called linear regions, in which the pattern has a near constant orientation, reminiscent of the iso–orientation patches constructed via optical imaging. The boundaries of such regions form fractures whose points of intersection correspond to the well–known ‘pinwheels’. To complete the study we then investigate the stability of the planforms, using methods of nonlinear stability analysis, including Liapunov–Schmidt reduction and Poincaré–Lindstedt perturbation theory. We find a close correspondence between stable planforms and form constants. The results are sensitive to the detailed specification of the lateral connectivity and suggest an interesting possibility, that the cortical mechanisms by which geometric visual hallucinations are generated, if sited mainly in V1, are closely related to those involved in the processing of edges and contours.
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هشام عمران الفرطاس, هيثم احمد البيرة e جبريل جبريل. "Inter-Ethnic Interactions in Urban Public Space: The Malaysian Experience". Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences 21, n.º 4 (3 de outubro de 2022): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51984/jopas.v21i4.2170.
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Social interaction entails communal experiences between people during their daily activities. People from different ethnic backgrounds in Malaysia namely the Malays, Chinese and Indians spend their leisure time in an urban square, which offers opportunities for social interaction among three ethnic groups. However, how are public spaces utilised for leisure by people from different multi-ethnic backgrounds? Does the variety of attributes in public spaces attract people from a different background? The current aim of this research sets to establish properties and attributes of urban square characteristics such as the quality of daily activities that contribute to inter-ethnic social interactions among users in urban civic spaces. The study focused on constructing indices on how daily activity attributes, and how to investigate the diversity amongst the three ethnic groups on how the urban public space is perceived. A total of 140 questionnaires were administered to measure how the public square users perceived public space use in Batu Pahat town, Malaysia Peninsular. The analysis was facilitated through analytic tool of the Rasch Model. The study revealed that the Malays use urban squares more than Indians and Chinese. Consequently, this affects the level of the Malays social interaction among others. While on the other hand, for square activities reflecting Chinese and Indian culture makes the urban square less attractive to the Chinese and Indians. It suggests that the environmental attribute quality of the square should be improved to attract social interaction amongst the three ethnic groups.
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Radoš, Jovo. "Axiological Aspects of Human Body, Spirit and Soul Composition". Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 5, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2018): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/spes-2018-0014.
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Abstract The theme presented is aimed at attempting to perceive the fundamental qualities of the man’s personality (body, soul and spirit) from the philosophical, anthropological and theological point of view and, at the same time, to establish the value reflections towards its (current and universal) existential orientations. Namely, today's experience shows us that tendencies with notable prevailing of corporality over the other constitutive properties of the human being are constantly getting stronger. The body cult is vigorously stressed: body building and fitness clubs, as well as special gyms and wellness facilities (saunas, hydro massage baths, tepidariums are advertised, which should satisfy the increased corporal‐hedonistic and corporal‐aesthetic motives. This disturbing of the essential and human structure established by God demands the return to the original settings of Christian trichotomy (not serving the body but serving of the body), whereby a balanced and harmonious relationship between the body, the soul, and the spirit is developed by equally bearing in mind all three areas on which all three "gymnastics" are tuned and effectively performed, which leads to overall development and fulfilment of a human being.
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Stec, Wanda. "THE IMAGE OF A PLANT PRESERVED IN ITS LINGUISTIC NOMINATION: BASED ON THE NAMES OF THE STAG’S-HORN CLUBMOSS". Odessa National University Herald. Series: Philology 28, n.º 1(27) (23 de dezembro de 2023): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-8332.2023.1(27).297883.
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The article presents the issue of linguistic nomination of medicinal plants based on the concept of a linguistic image of the world. The author is interested in how the image of a plant is shaped in its names and how people perceive and conceptualise the plant. The topic was presented based on the nomenclature of only one species ‒ the stag’s-horn clubmoss (Lycopodium clavatum L.). For this purpose, its Latin scientific name, as well as Polish and Ukrainian vernacular names were analysed ‒ both the official nomenclature and numerous folk (dialectal) names. The six most important types of semantic motivation which had been used to create the names were identified. Based on the study, it was found that a significant part of the stag’s-horn clubmoss’s nomenclature is metaphorical. The formation of names is influenced by various factors, both rational (based on knowledge and experience), and those based on culture and traditions (associative, resulting from ideas and extraordinary properties attributed to the plant). The linguistic image of the stag’s-horn clubmoss contained in its dialectal names is not always a faithful reflection of the objective extra-linguistic reality. There are similarities and differences between the Polish and Russian names of the plant. Thanks to this, it is possible to see how representatives of two nations close to each other in terms of language and culture perceive and categorise this small fragment of the world of plants in their respective languages, preserving it in their linguistic nomination.
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Mu, S., Y. Wei, E. Weekes e K. Keetarut. "P564 A qualitative exploration of acceptability of long-term use of oral nutritional supplement drinks as partial enteral nutrition in adolescent and adult Crohn’s Disease". Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (1 de janeiro de 2022): i507—i508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.690.
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Abstract Background Evidence mainly from Japanese cohorts suggests replacing 35–50% of food intake with enteral nutrition known as partial enteral nutrition (PEN) either orally as oral nutritional supplements (ONS) or via nasogastric tube for >1 year can prolong disease remission and increase drug effectiveness in CD. This study aimed to examine patients’ attitude towards the organoleptic properties and perceived barriers and benefits towards long-term ONS usage as PEN by analysing the free text comments from questionnaires. This study will help support our understanding of the feasibility of PEN as a treatment option in CD maintenance by exploring the factors affecting compliance and acceptability and help identify potential areas for improvement. Methods Data was obtained from 105 (55 males) aged 34.9 (±15.4) CD patients in remission (HBI<5) from University College London Hospital. Questionnaires with free-text comments were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis using NVivo software. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns of meaning within and between questionnaires and to identify key themes. Codes were derived through inductive (i.e. data-driven) and deductive approaches, reflecting the thematic guidelines and objectives of the study. Results A total of 86 (81%) of participants left at least one free text comment. There was a total of 501 comments. Comments related to participants’ perceived attitudes towards taking ONS drinks as PEN were divided into six themes: motivation, sensory perceptions, physiological consequences, social impact, practical experience and perceived compliance. Most patients were willing to stick with ONS drinks as PEN for a short period of time ≤3 months and expected significant therapeutic benefits. Taste fatigue, prolonged use and requirement to drink large volumes may reduce long-term adherence. In addition, storage space, cost and the perceived negative impact on normal social life were also considerations for patients. Conclusion Long term use of ONS drinks as PEN in CD patients is influenced by a number of physiological, social and sensory factors suggesting a complex interaction of variables are involved in the perceived attitudes towards their long-term use. Consideration should be given to developing multiple flavours of ONS to prevent taste fatigue, adapting ONS formulations to improve palatability and improving convenience of use. Monitoring by healthcare staff and better education to inform patients on the clinical benefits are suggested as necessary components for future interventions to improve ONS drinks acceptability as PEN.
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Tiutiunnykova, Svitlana, Inna Shpak, Oksana Berveno e Anastasiia Moskvina. "Subjective Human Potential in Overcoming the Strategic Instability". European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, n.º 3 (1 de outubro de 2022): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n3p184.
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The article is devoted to the actual problem of the subjective potential of a person in overcoming the challenges and contradictions of the modern world. The authors actualize human nature, show its inconsistency, strengths and weaknesses, insufficient degree of its knowledge. Using the socio-psychological potential of a person in solving global problems of mankind means relying on knowledge of human nature, models of his behavior, the totality of his properties and qualities. The 21st century has led not only to the complication of the surrounding world, but also to the complication of the social world of man. The social world becomes a reality for a person - perceived through the reflection of his “I” in other people. Metamorphoses of actual changes in human nature in the process of sociobiological and sociotechnical co-evolution are shown, the quality of sociality itself changes under the influence of network structural social transformations. It is proved that the strategic instability of the modern world is the result of adaptation features, a violation in her accommodation and assimilation, the destruction of the integrity of the individual. A way out of this state is possible only on the path of holistic human development, the increasing significance of its subjective potential.
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Mattsson, Markus T. "Network models of driver behavior". PeerJ 6 (10 de janeiro de 2019): e6119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6119.
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The way people behave in traffic is not always optimal from the road safety perspective: drivers exceed speed limits, misjudge speeds or distances, tailgate other road users or fail to perceive them. Such behaviors are commonly investigated using self-report-based latent variable models, and conceptualized as reflections of violation- and error-proneness. However, attributing dangerous behavior to stable properties of individuals may not be the optimal way of improving traffic safety, whereas investigating direct relationships between traffic behaviors offers a fruitful way forward. Network models of driver behavior and background factors influencing behavior were constructed using a large UK sample of novice drivers. The models show how individual violations, such as speeding, are related to and may contribute to individual errors such as tailgating and braking to avoid an accident. In addition, a network model of the background factors and driver behaviors was constructed. Finally, a model predicting crashes based on prior behavior was built and tested in separate datasets. This contribution helps to bridge a gap between experimental/theoretical studies and self-report-based studies in traffic research: the former have recognized the importance of focusing on relationships between individual driver behaviors, while network analysis offers a way to do so for self-report studies.
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Markov, Alexander Viktorovich. "Complex ekphrasis of the Hermitage moving in the latest russian poetry". Nizhnevartovsk Philological Bulletin 6, n.º 2 (4 de dezembro de 2021): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2500-1795/21-2/04.
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Poetic ekphrasis may be not only simple, like a description of a work of art as a system of images that naturally come to life in an artistic description, but also complex, meaning the stay of exhibits in a museum or gallery. Complex ekphrasis is used also be different, in contrast to the type of contextualization of exhibits in the space intended for them, and a special ekphrasis of movement can be distinguished, where it is not the delay in front of the exhibits that is important, but the experience of the museum space itself as strange, existentially significant and associated with key existential moments in the life of a lyric character. In such a subspecies of ekphrasis, it is not the action of the imagination that is essential, but the skills of orientation in a value-marked space, with signs of up and down, openness and closeness, due to which the return of aesthetic experience in a complex existential situation is thought. The article offers a close reading of several examples of such an ekphrasis of gallery movement. In the poetry of Mikhail Eremin, the Saint Petersburg Hermitage turns out to be, first of all, a place of various forms of reflection, and the overlap between the metaphorical (reflection and attention to the phonetics of speech) and literal (mirror) understanding of reflection forms a mechanism for the quickest transition from spatial confusion to the aesthetic experience of the Hermitage collection. In the poetry of Sergei Stratanovsky, on the contrary, the Hermitage is shown through the eyes of a conventional character, immune to culture, where the mechanisms of such a transition are absent, and any attempt to simplify spatial self-awareness turns into a total immunity to art. In the poetry of Asya Veksler, the Hermitage turns out to be a hero with its own subjectivity, modeled on Petersburg in Anna Akhmatova's Poem Without a Hero, and this allows the episodes of a love drama to be developed as confirmed by various formal decisions and to erase the border between the aesthetics of space premises and the aesthetics of works. All three solutions imply the general properties of a complex ekphrasis of displacement: 1) a presence of an existential basis of a poetic utterance, detached from the usual modes of relations with time, partially blocking the usual modes of aesthetic perception of works of art, 2) a constant search for means of overcoming this blocking, which can be successful, if associated with the acceleration of sensory experiences, and unsuccessful if associated with frustration and/or routine admiration, 3) a situation in which architectural and design decisions are perceived as deeply symbolic and valuable, while works of art remain mysteries among other mysteries, and only the correctly found speed of mental work with the past and the present allows them to be perceived, 4) uses of the names of artists and plots of works not as symbols, but as part of the route, with the ambiguity of this route, the lack of sufficient motivation for it in the plot, but partial support from the book explications or educational habits, 5) an attention to the formal components of both the interior and individual works, as the only key to integrating these solutions into large value oppositions. A close reading of these poems allows for a better understanding of the importance of formal analysis for a comprehensive understanding of fine art and plastics and their reflection in literature as an art that deals with different modes of sensing time.
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Battistelli, Adalgisa, Maura Galletta, Carlo Odoardi, Juan Núñez e Filotheos Ntalianis. "Proposal for a Version of MWMS Across Mediterranean Countries". European Journal of Psychological Assessment 33, n.º 2 (março de 2017): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000277.
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Abstract. Self-determination theory introduces a multidimensional view of motivation and explains how the different types of motivation can be promoted or hindered. Following Gagné et al. (2014) , the purpose of this study was to create an abbreviated version of the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS) and to study the psychometric properties of the instrument using data from 1,035 workers from three Mediterranean countries (Greece, Italy, and Spain). Factorial analyses indicated that the 18-item scale has the same factor structure across the three Mediterranean languages, reflecting common cultural idiosyncrasies and influences. Convergent and discriminant validity indicated that intrinsic and integrated forms of autonomous motivation had a positive relationship with job satisfaction, affective and normative commitment, prosocial behavior, perceived organizational support, job autonomy, and leader-member exchange. Controlled forms of motivation (e.g., social and material) were unrelated or negatively related to most of the variables examined, with the exception of continuance commitment (positive association). Lastly, amotivation was negatively related to all employee-related variables, except for continuance commitment. Practical implications and suggestions for the development of future research based on self-determination theory are discussed.
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Kelders, Saskia Marion, Hanneke Kip e Japie Greeff. "Psychometric Evaluation of the TWente Engagement with Ehealth Technologies Scale (TWEETS): Evaluation Study". Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, n.º 10 (6 de outubro de 2020): e17757. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17757.
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Background Engagement emerges as a predictor for the effectiveness of digital health interventions. However, a shared understanding of engagement is missing. Therefore, a new scale has been developed that proposes a clear definition and creates a tool to measure it. The TWente Engagement with Ehealth Technologies Scale (TWEETS) is based on a systematic review and interviews with engaged health app users. It defines engagement as a combination of behavior, cognition, and affect. Objective This paper aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the TWEETS. In addition, a comparison is made with the experiential part of the Digital Behavior Change Intervention Engagement Scale (DBCI-ES-Ex), a scale that showed some issues in previous psychometric analyses. Methods In this study, 288 participants were asked to use any step counter app on their smartphones for 2 weeks. They completed online questionnaires at 4 time points: T0=baseline, T1=after 1 day, T2=1 week, and T3=2 weeks. At T0, demographics and personality (conscientiousness and intellect/imagination) were assessed; at T1-T3, engagement, involvement, enjoyment, subjective usage, and perceived behavior change were included as measures that are theoretically related to our definition of engagement. Analyses focused on internal consistency, reliability, and the convergent, divergent, and predictive validity of both engagement scales. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating the engagement scales with involvement, enjoyment, and subjective usage; divergent validity was assessed by correlating the engagement scales with personality; and predictive validity was assessed by regression analyses using engagement to predict perceived behavior change at later time points. Results The Cronbach alpha values of the TWEETS were .86, .86, and .87 on T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Exploratory factor analyses indicated that a 1-factor structure best fits the data. The TWEETS is moderately to strongly correlated with involvement and enjoyment (theoretically related to cognitive and affective engagement, respectively; P<.001). Correlations between the TWEETS and frequency of use were nonsignificant or small, and differences between adherers and nonadherers on the TWEETS were significant (P<.001). Correlations between personality and the TWEETS were nonsignificant. The TWEETS at T1 was predictive of perceived behavior change at T3, with an explained variance of 16%. The psychometric properties of the TWEETS and the DBCI-ES-Ex seemed comparable in some aspects (eg, internal consistency), and in other aspects, the TWEETS seemed somewhat superior (divergent and predictive validity). Conclusions The TWEETS performs quite well as an engagement measure with high internal consistency, reasonable test-retest reliability and convergent validity, good divergent validity, and reasonable predictive validity. As the psychometric quality of a scale is a reflection of how closely a scale matches the conceptualization of a concept, this paper is also an attempt to conceptualize and define engagement as a unique concept, providing a first step toward an acceptable standard of defining and measuring engagement.
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Lazarewicz, Magdalena A., Dorota Wlodarczyk, Joanna Chylinska, Mariusz Jaworski, Marta Rzadkiewicz, Miroslawa Adamus, GØrill Haugan, Monica Lillefjell e Geir A. Espnes. "Testing a New Tool Assessing Attitude Towards Treatment and Health in Primary Health Care Setting: Senior Patients and Doctors Perspectives". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, n.º 1 (11 de junho de 2018): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818780855.
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Aims: Patients’ attitude towards treatment and health (ATH) is crucial for compliance at all stages of treatment. This study examined the psychometric properties of the developed PRACTA Attitude Towards Treatment and Health questionnaire, designed to measure ATH as perceived by seniors (PRACTA-ATH) and doctors (PRACTA-ATH-D) in primary health care. Methods: The data were collected in two waves of the Polish–Norwegian PRACTA project. Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were conducted on wave 1 data from senior patients ( n = 3392) and their general practitioners ( n = 491). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted on wave 2 data. This was a new sample of senior patients ( n = 2765) and a follow-up sample of doctors ( n = 393). Results: The EFAs showed that the 16-item four-factor solution is the best solution reflecting the structure of both seniors and doctors’ ATH questionnaires. The CFAs conducted to establish the best unified model for PRACTA-ATH and PRACTA-ATH-D indicated three comparatively good solutions: the 16-item four-factor solution, the 12-item four-factor solution and the 12-item five-factor solution. Conclusions: The questionnaire is found appropriate for use among patients and doctors, and can be used as a good tool to monitor older patients’ ATH and concordance between doctors and patients’ perspectives.
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Lopatkova, Irina V. "PSYCHOTECHNOLOGICAL POSSIBILITIES IN PERCEPTION OF A WORK OF ART". Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin 117, n.º 6 (2020): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/1813-145x-2020-6-117-146-156.
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The article is devoted to the substantiation of the psychotechnological possibilities of perceiving a work of art in the direction of psychotherapy, psychocorrection, psychological support for the formation and development of mental properties, personality traits. The artistic perception of works of art is considered in the article as an incentive and mechanism for initiating the processes necessary for adaptation, socialization, personality formation and development, identification, self-actualization, reflection, etc. A comparative analysis of scientists' approaches to understanding the content of psychotechnology is given, and conclusions are drawn that psychotechnology is a holistic, focused and thoughtful way of influencing the human psyche (groups of people). In accordance with this conclusion, an assumption is made about the psychotechnological properties of artistic perception, which is interpreted as an intellectual-emotional complex of impressions, opinions, judgments about the artistic image of a work of art, literature, arts and crafts, culture as a whole. Analyzing empirical data on perception and its results or consequences, for example, correlation with one’s personality, events of one’s life, influence on it, embodiment of the heroes of the novel in the works of its own creativity, images of the novel by M. A. Bulgakov «Master and Margarita», the author comes to the conclusion about the psychotechnological possibilities of artistic perception, as a way of interaction integrating the elements of the world and significant elements of the inner world of the person, including explications of the past, present and future, social and personal, correlated with perceived artistic image and enriched with personal content in the process of its perception. We consider such elements of artistic perception as an emotional reaction (in the totality of its elements), personal interpretation (as a process of correlating one's conceptual system with the system proposed by the author). The article presents some results of experimental studies and exposure of copyright options to use artistic perception as psychotechnology.
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Fujii, Yumiko, e Hiromi Morita. "Visual Search Within a Limited Window Area: Scrolling Versus Moving Window". i-Perception 11, n.º 5 (setembro de 2020): 204166952096073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669520960739.
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Every day we perceive pictures on our mobile phones and scroll through images within a limited space. At present, however, visual perception via image scrolling is not well understood. This study investigated the nature of visual perception within a small window frame. It compared visual search efficiency using three modes: scrolling, moving-window, and free-viewing. The item number and stimulus size varied. Results showed variations in search efficiency depending on search mode. The slowest search occurred under the scrolling condition, followed by the moving-window condition, and the fastest search occurred under the no-window condition. For the scrolling condition, the response time increased the least sharply in proportion to item number but most sharply in proportion to the stimulus size compared to the other two conditions. Analysis of the trace of scan revealed frequent pauses interjected with small and fast stimulus shifts for the scrolling condition, but slow and continuous window movements interjected with a few pauses for the moving-window condition. We concluded that searching via scrolling was less efficient than searching via a moving-window, reflecting differences in dynamic properties of participants’ scan.
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Charalambides, Jason E. "Rediscovering the essence in a classical order through analysis and deconstruction". Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 13, n.º 1 (18 de março de 2019): 218–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-12-2018-0031.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to expose a classical Vitruvian archetype and subject it to the logic of deconstruction. The process engages two opposing camps and mindsets, and, through analysis, reaches a point that allows the reader to make assessments on how the archetype fulfills the perceived objectives of its time and how it can be assessed through a more contemporary methodology. Design/methodology/approach This study employs two methodologies in the analysis of an architectural model that became a reference point in the evolution of Western Architecture. A traditional approach similar to Ruskin’s Victorian-style analysis and criticism builds the study’s foundations. That is followed by the method of deconstructivism, challenging the traditional thought, resurfacing of the duality of every attribute assigned to the initial datum. Initially, the study brings to the proscenium the nature of this classical order as a sui generis archetype, defining the engendered properties that describe it. That is followed by an inverse process as applied by the twentieth-century deconstructivist movement. Findings The paper finds the dichotomy of perception of a classical archetype based upon the methods applied. Practical implications Recognition of a dichotomy of perception of a classical architectural archetype becomes overture toward a number of well-defined archetypes based on what could be considered Cartesian non-complex architectural archetypes. Originality/value This paper offers a Gestalt-based reflection on the nature of the Doric order.
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Kinnear, Tyler. "Voicing Nature in John Luther Adams's The Place Where You Go to Listen". Organised Sound 17, n.º 3 (11 de janeiro de 2012): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771811000434.
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John Luther Adams's The Place Where You Go to Listen (2006), a permanent sound-and-light installation at the Museum of the North in Fairbanks, Alaska, resonates strongly with the geography and ecology of the composer's place of residence. The audiovisual experience is generated through a computer programme that translates real-time data streams from geophysical events into sound and colour signals. The Place functions as an artistic mirror, absorbing data from natural phenomena and reflecting it back to the listener in a deliberately allusive way. As a result, those present are invited to raise their awareness to the ‘unheard vibrations’ of the natural world.Upon entering the installation, the listener perceives an ongoing, harmonically dense hum. Through immersion, he or she notices change in both the location from which sounds project and the properties of audio and visual signals. Drawing on information theory, this article investigates the process whereby Adams renders scientific data into an audiovisual presentation as well as the role the composer and audience play in attributing meaning to this environmentally driven work. By examining the communicative layers of the installation and exploring the perceptual tendencies of the listener, we can better understand how The Place raises environmental awareness.
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Prochnow, Annette, Soly Erlandsson, Volker Hesse e Kathleen Wermke. "Does a ‘musical’ mother tongue influence cry melodies? A comparative study of Swedish and German newborns". Musicae Scientiae 23, n.º 2 (27 de outubro de 2017): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864917733035.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The foetal environment is filled with a variety of noises. Among the manifold sounds of the maternal respiratory, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems, the intonation properties of the maternal language are well perceived by the foetus, whose hearing system is already functioning during the last trimester of gestation. These intonation (melodic) features, reflecting native-language prosody, have been found to shape vocal learning. Having had ample opportunity to become familiar with their mother’s language in the womb, newborns have been found to exhibit salient pitch-based elements in their own cry melodies. An interesting issue is whether an intrauterine exposure to a maternal pitch accent language, such as Swedish, in which emphatic syllables are pronounced typically on a higher pitch relative to other syllables will affect newborns’ cry melody (fundamental frequency contour). The present study aimed to answer this question by quantitatively analysing and comparing the melody structure in 52 Swedish compared with 79 German newborns. In accordance with previous approaches, cry melody structure was analysed by calculating a melody complexity index (MCI) expressing the share of cries exhibiting two or more (well-defined) arc-like substructures uttered during the recording sessions. A low MCI reflects a dominance of cries with a ‘simple’, i.e. single-arc melody. A significantly higher MCI was found in the Swedish infant group, which further corroborates the assumption that the well-known foetal sensitivity for musical (melodic) stimuli seems to shape infants’ cry melody.
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Puhlick, Joshua J., Ivan J. Fernandez e Jay W. Wason. "Non-Native Earthworms Invade Forest Soils in Northern Maine, USA". Forests 12, n.º 1 (13 de janeiro de 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010080.
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Non-native earthworms can cause abrupt changes in forest ecosystems by altering soil properties and depleting or redistributing soil carbon (C) stocks. The forests of Northern Maine are often perceived as having winters that are too harsh to support earthworm populations and that earthworms are restricted to more southerly regions. In this study, we report the discovery of European earthworms at two research sites in Northern Maine. At one site, earthworms were only found across a portion of the forest, and the median organic (O) horizon C stock in the area with earthworms was 34% less than that of areas without earthworms. At a second site, earthworms were found across the entire 60-ha forest and the median O horizon C stock was 39% less than that of a similar forest without earthworms. Consistent with reports from other regions, areas with earthworms had no or minimal eluvial (E) horizons, while earthworm-free locations always had E horizons. Earthworm presence was always associated with a topsoil (A) horizon, reflecting mechanical mixing and organic matter processing by earthworms. This is one of the first reports of non-native earthworm presence in Northern Maine forests and monitoring changes in soil C will be important for determining rates of C sequestration in these forests. Warmer winter temperatures, particularly winter minimums, and greater annual precipitation will likely increase the success of new earthworm introductions across Northern Maine forests. Management actions that limit the transport of earthworms into earthworm-free areas should be carefully evaluated to minimize the potential for new introductions.
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Dubovsky, Yury A., Tatiana B. Zagrayevskaya e Stanislava M. Zagrayevskaya. "The abstract in thinking: Interpretation of Hegel's concept". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n.º 476 (2022): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/476/9.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In the framework of this study, the features of abstract thinking in the concept of Hegel are considered. The research material was the original article by Hegel “Who Thinks Abstractly”. The subject of the study was Hegel's concept, which points to the limitations of the abstract and the leading principle of the ascent of the abstract to the concrete in order to achieve systematic scientific knowledge. The object of the analysis was the study of the abstract phenomenon, its forms and relationships with the concrete in the process of thinking and cognition of the phenomena of the surrounding reality. The aim of the research is to review and comprehend Hegel's article “Who Thinks Abstractly” with a parallel contextual analysis of the text, to form a holistic understanding of the Hegelian approach to the abstract-concrete in thinking. Before Hegel, the concrete was perceived as the objective real, which contains the diversity of individual objects and phenomena and which can be sensually known. Behind the abstract, we saw only the products of thought, abstractions, and secondary images that appeared in a person's mind. Given this, the readers of “Who Thinks Abstractly” make a mistake believing that an educated person who is able to abstract from reality has some unique abilities that an uneducated person who perceives the world linearly on the basis of causation does not have. In fact, the perception of reality by a person is impossible without abstraction. Therefore, everyone can think abstractly. The transition of real objects to abstract images is carried out by each of us, as a result of which a mental analogue of the real world is formed in consciousness. The abstract becomes the most important tool for the development of thought on the path of cognition of the object. As for the nature of the abstract in relation to human mental activity, the authors propose to distinguish at least two forms of the abstract: (a) the fragmentary abstract and (b) the systemic abstract. The fragmentary abstract allows for a lack of knowledge, gaps; tends to rational thinking, in which individual concepts are identified, accumulated and studied by themselves, beyond the mutual conditionality of each other. At the level of the fragmentary abstract, all concepts are in an incomplete and fragmented state. The systemic abstract characterizes the consistent, interrelated reflection of an object in the system. The theoretical (philosophical-logical) abstract reflects and fixes the essential and necessary aspects of cognizable objects, acting as an analog of scientific abstraction. The systemic abstract organizes various aspects, properties, qualities of the object of knowledge; sets systemic connections and their synthesis, ensuring the unity of diversity. Therefore, when we consider the relationship between the abstract and the concrete in thinking, it becomes clear that the abstract is not the metaphysical opposite of the concrete, but a stage of movement, of self-improvement of the concrete itself.