Livros: "Reduced products"

1

Catherine, St Hilaire, e Life Science Research Office, Inc., eds. Scientific methods to evaluate potential reduced-risk tobacco products. Behesda, MD: Life Sciences Research Office, 2007.

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2

R, Hughes John, e Wilkenfield Judy, eds. Debunking myths around "light" cigarettes and implications for "reduced risk" products. London: BMJ Pub. Group, 2001.

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3

D, Lewis Kara, ed. Exposure assessment in the evaluation of potential reduced-risk tobacco products. Bethesda, MD: Life Sciences Research Office, Inc., 2008.

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4

McEwan, J. A. Barriers to the production and consumption of reduced fat bakery products: Final report. Chipping Campden: CCFRA, 1999.

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5

library, Wiley online, ed. Modified atmospheric processing and packaging of fish: Filtered smokes, carbon monoxide, and reduced oxygen packaging. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub., 2006.

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6

Frost & Sullivan., ed. European drug delivery system markets: New products offer increased efficacy, reduced dosage intervals, and fewer side effects. Mountain View, CA: Frost & Sullivan, 1994.

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7

Steven, Otwell W., Kristinsson Hordur G e Balaban Murat O, eds. Modified atmospheric processing and packaging of fish: Filtered smokes, carbon monoxide, and reduced oxygen packaging. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub., 2006.

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8

Schertz, Willett Lois, e New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Dept. of Agricultural Economics., eds. Issues in the development and marketing of reduced chemical agricultural products: A look at disease-resistant apple cultivars. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1991.

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9

(Firm), Giant. Food guide: A guide to foods that are low or reduced in fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, calories, sodium, and higher in fiber, includes proteins, carbohydrates and sugars. [Landover, Md.]: Giant Food Inc., 2000.

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10

Gibbons, Elizabeth. Import price declines in 1986 reflected reduced oil prices: Despite price increases for major product categories resulting from the decline in the dollar, the overall import index decreased for the fourth consecutive year : export prices were relatively stable again last year. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1987.

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11

Top secret recipes: Lite! : creating reduced-fat kitchen clones of America's favorite brand-name foods. New York, N.Y: Plume, 1998.

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12

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Potential reduced exposure, reduced risk tobacco products: An examination of the possible public health impact and regulatory challenges : hearing before the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, June 3, 2003. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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13

Branch, M. C. Ignition and combustion of bulk metals at normal, elevated, and reduced gravity: Annual technical report, NASA grant no. NAG-3-1685. Boulder, CO: Center for Combustion Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1995.

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14

Galsworth, G. D. Smart, simple design: Using variety effectiveness to reduce total cost and maximize customer selection. Essex Junction, Vt: Omneo, 1994.

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15

Lasankin, Serey. Carbon neutralization of steelmaking, energy and cement industries. Silhouettes of the carbon-neutral industry. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2122427.

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The monograph examines the ROLL technology that allows solving the climate problem in the steelmaking, energy and cement industries. We are not talking about the exclusion of carbon from the technological process, but about the neutralization of the resulting carbon dioxide. ROLL technology is based on the idea of producing several products from a single heating of raw materials, and the main tools are universal ROLL chambers that bring allied productions closer together in time and space. This reduces the energy intensity of the total product and directs the saved and produced energy to neutralize carbon dioxide. It is intended for scientific and engineering workers, teachers, graduate students and students interested in this problem.

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16

Jagannathan, Ravi. Does product market competition reduce agency costs? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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17

A, Keoleian Gregory, ed. Product life cycle assessment to reduce health risks and environmental impacts. Park Ridge, N.J: Noyes, 1994.

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18

Sunteev, Anton. Management of internal reserves to reduce the cost of engineering products. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1141766.

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The monograph presents current trends in the management of internal reserves to reduce the cost of production of machine-building enterprises. The approaches of various scientists to the interpretation of the concept of "enterprise reserve" are analyzed. The classification of the types of reserves of the enterprise is given and supplemented by the classification of the resources that form the reserve. Methodological support for the management of internal reserves for reducing the cost of industrial products and methods for identifying them are presented. A technology for studying the cost of production of machine-building enterprises is proposed. The analysis of the state and trends of development of machine-building enterprises of the Russian Federation is carried out and the key problems are identified. The practice of organizing the processes of managing internal reserves to reduce the cost of production at machine-building enterprises is presented. The factors of influence on the change in the cost of production are estimated using factor and correlation-regression analyses. A system for managing internal reserves for reducing the cost of production is formed and the stages and principles of its construction are given. A program of measures to manage internal reserves to reduce the cost of machine-building products and an algorithm for identifying them have been developed. For students, researchers and practitioners.

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19

Going green: Hints & tips to reduce your carbon footprint. Wigston, England: Abbeydale, 2008.

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20

Nelson, T. P. Alternative formulations to reduce CFC use in U.S. exempted and excluded aerosol products. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1990.

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21

Kroll, Steven. Stuff!: Reduce, reuse, recycle. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2009.

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22

Missouri. State Dept. of Agriculture. e University of Missouri--Columbia, eds. The Impact to Missouri agriculture of reduced waterflow on the Missouri River. Jefferson City, Mo: The Dept., 1991.

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23

United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, ed. Study of volatile organic compound emissions from consumer and commercial products: Economic incentives to reduce VOC emissions from consumer and commercial products. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1995.

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24

United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. EPA evaluation program for aftermarket products that are intended to improve fuel economy or reduce emissions: Program overview. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, 2011.

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25

Olsson, Lars E. Effects of certainty on decision making under uncertainty: Using subsidies to reduce production of environmentally harmful products. Göteborg: Göteborg University, 2007.

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26

Gugliotta, E. Modification of cracking furnaces of existing plants to increase yields of valuable products and to reduce fuel consumption. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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27

Jordan, John. Product cost controlling with SAP: [discover how product costing works and integrates with other components ; learn about integrated planning, product cost planning, manufacturing methods, reporting, and more ; reduce long run times during month-end processing]. Bonn: Galileo Press, 2009.

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28

Aftersales management: Creating a successful aftersales strategy to reduce costs, improve customer service and increase sales. London: Kogan Page, 2009.

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29

How to reduce your carbon footprint: 365 simple ways to save energy, resources, and money. London: Duncan Baird, 2008.

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30

Canada. Commercial Chemicals Evaluation Branch., Canada Environment Canada e Cantox Environmental Inc, eds. A plan to reduce volatile organic compound emissions from consumer products in Canada (excluding windshield washer fluid and surface coatings): Final report. Hull, Quebec: Environment Canada, 2000.

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31

Yarrow, Joanna. How to reduce your carbon footprint: 500 simple ways to save energy, resources, and money. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books, 2008.

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32

E, Norquist Warren, e Anklesaria Jimmy, eds. Zero base pricing: Achieving world class competitiveness through reduced all-in-costs : a proactive handbook for general managers, program managers, and procurement professionals. Chicago, Ill: Probus Pub. Co., 1990.

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33

Britain, Great. Value Added Tax (Reduced Rate) (Smoking Cessation Products) Order 2008. Stationery Office, The, 2008.

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34

Method Development and Applications for Reduced-Risk Products in Separation Science. MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-3638-5.

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35

Biological effects assessment in the evaluation of potential reduced-risk tobacco products. Bethesda, MD: Life Sciences Research Office, Inc., 2007.

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36

US GOVERNMENT. Potential Reduced Exposure/Reduced Risk Tobacco Products: An Examination of the Possible Public Health Impact and Regulatory Challenges: Hearing Befor. Government Printing Office, 2003.

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37

Simmonds, Peter Lund. Commercial Dictionary of Trade Products, Manufacturing and Technical Terms: With a Definition of the Moneys, Weights, and Measures, of All Countries, Reduced to the British Standard. Cambridge University Press, 2014.

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38

Simmonds, Peter Lund. Commercial Dictionary of Trade Products, Manufacturing and Technical Terms: With a Definition of the Moneys, Weights, and Measures, of All Countries, Reduced to the British Standard. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2014.

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39

Balaban, Murat O., Hordur G. Kristinsson e W. Steven Otwell. Modified Atmospheric Processing and Packaging of Fish: Filtered Smokes, Carbon Monoxide, and Reduced Oxygen Packaging. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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40

Balaban, Murat O., Hordur G. Kristinsson e W. Steven Otwell. Modified Atmospheric Processing and Packaging of Fish: Filtered Smokes, Carbon Monoxide, and Reduced Oxygen Packaging. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2010.

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41

ANSI/AAMI/ISO 11138-8:2023; Sterilization of health care products—Biological indicators—Part 8: Method for validation of a reduced incubation time for a biological indicator. AAMI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/9781570208744.

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42

Neligan, Patrick J., e Clifford S. Deutschman. Pathophysiology and causes of metabolic acidosis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0255.

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Critical illness is typically characterized by changes in the balance of water and electrolytes in the extracellular space, resulting in the accumulation of anionic compounds that manifests as metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis manifests with tachypnoea, tachycardia, vasodilatation, headache and a variety of other non-specific symptoms and signs. It is caused by a reduction in the strong ion difference (SID) or an increase in weak acid concentration (albumin or phosphate). Increased SID results from hyperchloraemia, haemodilution or accumulation of metabolic by-products. A reduction in SID results in a corresponding reduction is serum bicarbonate. There is a corresponding increase in alveolar ventilation and reduced PaCO2. Lactic acidosis results from increased lactate production or reduced clearance. Ketoacidosis is associated with reduced intracellular glucose availability for metabolism, and is associated with insulin deficiency and starvation. Hyperchloraemic acidosis is associated with excessive administration of isotonic saline solution, renal tubular acidosis and ureteric re-implantation. Renal acidosis is associated with hyperchloraemia, hyperphosphataemia, and the accumulation of medley nitrogenous waste products.

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43

Müller, Claudia, e Lin Wan. Information and Communication Technology Design in a Complex Moral Universe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733249.003.0012.

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Increasing life expectancy and reduced birth rates as results of the recent demographic changes are linked to drastic changes in age structures. Aging societies are facing enormous challenges that are linked to increased age, reduced physical and mental capabilities, and the risk of social isolation and reduced autonomy. In an attempt to address these challenges, the fields of active aging and ambient assisted living currently focus on the use of technological innovations, which aim at developing innovative products as well as services and concepts to be implemented in care settings such as dementia care. However, sustainable implementation of these IT-based innovations often fails, because such innovations are not embedded in the everyday practices of elderly people and their surrounding social networks. Practice-based design enables acknowledging the often complex organizational, ideological, and practical issues that form part of a moral universe.

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44

Henriksen, Niels Engholm, e Flemming Yssing Hansen. From Microscopic to Macroscopic Descriptions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805014.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses bimolecular reactions from both a microscopic and macroscopic point of view. The outcome of an isolated reactive scattering event can be specified in terms of an intrinsic fundamental quantity, the reaction cross-section that can be measured in a molecular beam experiment. It depends on the quantum states of the molecules as well as the relative velocity of reactants and products. The relation between the cross-section and the macroscopic rate constant is derived. The rate constant is a weighted average of the product between the relative speed of the reactants and the reaction cross-section. The chapter concludes with the special case of thermal equilibrium, where the velocity distributions for the molecules are the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. The expression for the rate constant at temperature T is reduced to a one-dimensional integral over the relative speed of the reactants.

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45

Abboud, Salim E., Dean A. Nakamoto e John R. Haaga. Local Administration of Fresh Frozen Plasma and Platelets in the Critically Ill Patient. Editado por S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan e Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0104.

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The locally injected blood elements (LIBE) technique represents a useful alternative to systemic administration of blood products to reduce the risk of periprocedural hemorrhage in coagulopathic patients. The LIBE technique results in the creation of a “seroma” of platelets and/or blood products along the expected needle or instrument path to allow a high-quality blood clot to form, and it requires relatively less blood products compared to the more traditional systemic administration technique. Indications for LIBE include and expand on those for systemic administration of blood products to reverse pre-procedural coagulopathy, including contraindications to systemic reversal of pharmacologic anticoagulation, precarious fluid volume status, severe coagulopathy unlikely to normalize with systemic administration of blood products, patient history of adverse reaction to systemic administration of blood products, and limited availability of the desired blood product.

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46

Kirchman, David L. Processes in anoxic environments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0011.

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During organic material degradation in oxic environments, electrons from organic material, the electron donor, are transferred to oxygen, the electron acceptor, during aerobic respiration. Other compounds, such as nitrate, iron, sulfate, and carbon dioxide, take the place of oxygen during anaerobic respiration in anoxic environments. The order in which these compounds are used by bacteria and archaea (only a few eukaryotes are capable of anaerobic respiration) is set by thermodynamics. However, concentrations and chemical state also determine the relative importance of electron acceptors in organic carbon oxidation. Oxygen is most important in the biosphere, while sulfate dominates in marine systems, and carbon dioxide in environments with low sulfate concentrations. Nitrate respiration is important in the nitrogen cycle but not in organic material degradation because of low nitrate concentrations. Organic material is degraded and oxidized by a complex consortium of organisms, the anaerobic food chain, in which the by-products from physiological types of organisms becomes the starting material of another. The consortium consists of biopolymer hydrolysis, fermentation, hydrogen gas production, and the reduction of either sulfate or carbon dioxide. The by-product of sulfate reduction, sulfide and other reduced sulfur compounds, is oxidized back eventually to sulfate by either non-phototrophic, chemolithotrophic organisms or by phototrophic microbes. The by-product of another main form of anaerobic respiration, carbon dioxide reduction, is methane, which is produced only by specific archaea. Methane is degraded aerobically by bacteria and anaerobically by some archaea, sometimes in a consortium with sulfate-reducing bacteria. Cultivation-independent approaches focusing on 16S rRNA genes and a methane-related gene (mcrA) have been instrumental in understanding these consortia because the microbes remain uncultivated to date. The chapter ends with some discussion about the few eukaryotes able to reproduce without oxygen. In addition to their ecological roles, anaerobic protists provide clues about the evolution of primitive eukaryotes.

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47

Cohen, Aly. Proactive Approaches to Reduce Environmental Exposures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190490911.003.0014.

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This chapter gives healthcare providers recommendations and tools to help patients mitigate exposure to harmful environmental chemicals, radiation, and other stressors; limiting contact and maximizing innate biological detoxification pathways through the safe use of exercise, diet, and appropriate supplements. Of particular concern are the vulnerable periods of biological development, when harmful chemicals can have the most deleterious effects. Therefore, particular attention is paid to the care of young children and pregnant women. Whether chemical exposure comes from food additives and food packaging, water, personal care and cleaning products, air contamination, or radiation, this chapter gives clear, practical, and safe recommendations for chemical reduction and embraces the precautionary principle when there is evidence of harm, but proof of causality, a very high standard, has not been established. The current approach of only regulating products after there is certainty of human harm has failed to protect the public health.

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48

Keoleian, Gregory A. Product Life Cycle Assessment to Reduce Health Risks and Environmental Impacts. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 1994.

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49

Marsh, Clive. Salvation in Film and Television. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811015.003.0005.

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This chapter shows how popular cultural products which are not explicitly theological interweave with the way in which theological concepts function within Western culture. Through examination of the film Crazy Heart, the chapter shows how the religious content of a film identified as being ‘about redemption’ is reduced when a book becomes a film, with consequences for how redemption as a concept may be understood in society. The television crime drama Breaking Bad is used to demonstrate Western society’s recognition of the persistence and mundanity of evil, and the need to face up to evil’s consequences. In this case, the absence of redemption is striking.

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50

Minimizing Product Liability Litigation: Top Attorneys on Steps to Assess Risk and Reduce Exposure (Inside the Minds). Aspatore Books, 2005.

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