Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Recherche sur Internet – Classement"
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Bouchaud, Paul. "Beyond the Black Box : social structures and dynamics in the digital age : reconstructing, modelling and assessing the impact of major digital infrastructures". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0162.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis examines the effects of algorithmic systems used by major online platforms on public discourse and society. Through experimental audits and social simulations, the research aims to decipher how these systems, which serve billions of users, operate. The thesis addresses three main objectives: conducting audits of online platform algorithmic systems, investigating mitigation measures for misalignments between platform operations and public good, and enhancing social media simulations with massive field data. Notable contributions include a comprehensive study of Meta's Ad Library, an analysis of Amazon's and Twitter's recommendation systems, and the creation of a data donation tool to gather information on actual user experiences across platforms like Facebook, Google Search, YouTube, and Twitter.The thesis also considers the methods used in algorithmic auditing, emphasizing the need to account for personalization and individual user traits when evaluating these systems. A simulation of a Twitter-like platform was developed, combining predictive models of user engagement with large-scale data collection. This approach was used to assess how content ranking strategies focused on maximizing engagement affect the information users see, showing reduced content variety and altered political representation. The research concludes by investigating alternative content curation approaches beyond immediate user engagement, including a ranking system based on diverse user approval, while recognizing the difficulties in assessing the "democratic value" of civic content to create viable alternatives to current engagement-based systems
Picarougne, Fabien. "Recherche d'information sur Internet par algorithmes évolutionnaires". Phd thesis, Tours, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008013.
Texto completo da fontePopescu, Adrian. "Structures conceptuelles pour la recherche d'images sur Internet". Télécom Bretagne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TELB0093.
Texto completo da fonteMoussawi, Wassim. "Modélisation d'un agent de recherche intelligente d'information sur Internet". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0008/MQ60908.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBeauvisage, Thomas. "Sémantique des parcours des utilisateurs sur le Web". Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100094.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis proposes a description of users' paths through the Web on the basis of user-centric traffic data. We elaborate methods and tools to enrich such data, in order to represent the form, the temporality and the content of Web paths. We apply them to traffic data collected from representative panels of French Internet users at home, and build a five-classes typology of Web sessions on the basis of their typology and their rythm. Confronted to the visited contents and to individual practices and territories, these types of paths refer to three modes of apprehension of Web contents : the familiar, fast paths dedicated to information and communication streams ; the occasional, more complexes paths related to Web srvices and e-commerce ; and the exploratory, dispersed sessions dedicated to discovery within targeted searches. This work was conducted at the Social Sciences laboratory at France Telecom R&D
Doan, Bich-Liên. "La recherche d'informations sur le World Wide Web : utilisation des méta-informations dans une architecture de systèmes de recherche coopérants". Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/94/12/54/PDF/2000_Doan_Bich-Lien.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteTwo types of search tools are currently used to help the user to find information on the Web : the search engines (Google) and the directories (Yahoo). However the answers are strongly soiled by noise for the search engines, and by silence for the directories. Moreover the problem which arises with these tools is to remain efficient as the volume of Web pages is growing continuously : it is the scalability. . . [etc. ]
Ogandaga, Ghislain. "Stratégies cognitives dans la recherche des informations Internet". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H026.
Texto completo da fonteThe study of information retrieval on the Internet is associated with the theory that human being is a physical symbol system or a system of mental représentations manipulation. Applaying this point of view in the first two experiments, we get results that are in contradiction with the fondations of the internaliste approach handling mental représentations but are quite consistent with that found in the littérature: correlations between the time of the Internet tasks and cognitive skills are not high, the level of experience does not distinguish novices from experts. In a third experiment, we change perspective and adopt an interactive viewpoint based on the idea of a direct linkage between perception and action (situated cognition) and from the basic steps performed in seeking an information target. We get three types of strategies according to the respect or not of the implementation of thèse steps. Thèse strategies emrge here and now from the interaction between the user net and the hypertext space without going through a generation of mental representations neither a large mobilization of cognitive resources. This interactive approach has important implications for the design of websites
Boutin, Eric. "La recherche d'information sur Internet au prisme de la théorie des facettes". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00342586.
Texto completo da fonteColmenero-Ferreira, Fernando. "La stratégie de recherche sur le web : une approche naturaliste". Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100036.
Texto completo da fonteThis study, supported by an inductive naturalistic approach, aims to understand the strategies of the buyers' behavior in the research of information on the Web. For this objective a naturalistic approach was adopted in each subject's naturel environment. An innovative technique of data collection was applied. Even so, despite the enrichment of the methodology, several methodological difficulties had to be lessened, nominated at the level of the analysis of video recorded, little common in qualitative studies in the management ares ; and at the level of data interpretation, where it was applied to the techniques of writing grammar. An interpretation of the first results describes the process of information research as a model being constituted fundamentally for a set of personal micro-decisions. Another result is related with the durability of the process of information search when the task has to be solved. Thus, the durability seems to be more associated to the degree of interest or challenge of the task, than to the personal variability
Amrane, Tahar. "Syfweb : un système de filtrage d'informations sur le Web". Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10015.
Texto completo da fonteNakapan, Walaiporn. "Recherche d'informations par l'image : application à la recherche interactive de produits du bâtiment". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL034N.
Texto completo da fonteThe problem of building product selection occupies an important place in an architectural design process. Building product search engines on the Web propose access modes, which, in general, rely on the use of text. These access modes are badly adapted to architect's information needs, which are often fuzzy at the beginning and they are never clearly and completely enunciable in words. Therefore, we propose the image as a new support for building product search. We present a method applied to an interactive building product search, as well as the construction of an image database used in this search. Consequently, two applications have been realised from this method: 1) a crawler intended for extraction and indexing of building product image from the Web, 2) an interactive building product search tool. Evaluation of these tools allows us to propose ameliorations of the approach
Naderi, Hassan. "Accès personnalisé à l'information-adaptation au contexte de l'utilisateur". Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0005/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLes informations disponibles sur l'Internet se développent à un rythme tel que bientôt les méthodes de recherche textuelle utilisant la fréquence des termes ne seront plus suffisantes. Un courant de pensée est consacré à la personnalisation de la recherche, à savoir prendre en compte des traits spécifiques et le contexte de l’utilisateur pour répondre à sa requête. Nous pensons que le profil, la communauté, et le contexte de l'utilisateur sont les trois concepts essentiels à envisager pour faire face au problème de la croissance du World Wide Web. La thèse étudie la combinaison de ces trois courants de pensée. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous développons un système de recherche d’information personnalisé et collaboratif (appelé PERCIRS), qui utilise les deux premiers concepts (le profil et la communauté). PERCIRS crée une liste classée de documents pertinents, pour la requête q de l'utilisateur U. Cette classification se fait sur la base des documents sélectionnés pour les requêtes semblables à q par les utilisateurs au profil similaire à celui de U. Le choix de la méthode de recherche d’utilisateurs similaires joue un rôle important dans l’efficacité de PER-CIRS. À cette fin, nous avons proposé trois catégories de formules pour calculer la similarité entre deux profils d'utilisateurs: formule fondée sur l'égalité, formule fondée sur la similarité et enfin une formule fondée sur les graphes. Afin de trouver la catégorie optimale, nous avons proposé deux mécanismes d'évaluation: fondés sur les concepts de la catégorisation et de la classification. Ces deux mécanismes s’appuient sur les formules de calcul de profil utilisateur fondées sur les graphes. PERCIRS étant un système de recherche d’information (SRI) personnalisé (en raison de la prise en compte des profils d'utilisateur), il ne peut pas être évalué par des mécanismes d'évaluation tels que Cranfield (par exemple TREC). Par conséquent, dans cette thèse, nous proposons un nouveau mécanisme qui permet de l'évaluer en même temps que les autres SRI classiques tels que BM25 – Okapi. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail de thèse,, le contexte de l'utilisateur est utilisé pour adapter, aux préférences de l'utilisateur, un document trouvé par PERCIRS. Nous proposons d'adapter physiquement et sémantiquement un document selon le profil de l'utilisateur et selon le profil de contexte. Un mécanisme est également proposé pour naviguer dans des documents adaptés en fonction des préférences de l'utilisateur
Crête, Julie. "Recherche exploratoire sur les usages communicationnels d'Internet en atelier d'alphabétisation". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2559.
Texto completo da fonteNaderi, Hassan Pinon Jean-Marie Rumpler Béatrice. "Accès personnalisé à l'information-adaptation au contexte de l'utilisateur rsonalized information retrieval and adaptation to user's context /". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2009. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=naderi.
Texto completo da fonteSmirnova-Rocheva, Elena. "Solutions basées sur les réseaux pour la recherche d'experts". Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4080.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis addresses expert finding task – the problem of identifying the right person with the appropriate skills and knowledge. Experts can be required for a variety of purpose : problem solving, question answering, providing more detailed information on a topic, to name a few. State-of-the-art expertise retrieval algorithms identify matching experts based on analysis of textual content of documents experts are associated with. While powerful, these models ignore and information networks between experts and between documents that might be available. In this thesis we utilize network structure expert finding and propose several novel solutions for this and related task. First, we argue that in a real –world setting the notion of the “best expert” also depends on the individual user and her needs. We propose a user-oriented approach that balances two factors that influence the user’s choice : time to contact an expert, and the knowledge value gained after. We use the distance between the user and an expert in a social network to estimate contact time, and consider various social graphs. Using a realistic test set, we demonstrate improvements over 50% against the state-of-the-art baseline on all retrieval measures. Second, we develop a generative model that model expert’s social connections along with the associated textual content. The model assumes that social links are determinate by expertise similarity between candidates. As a result, social links boost confidence about person’s level of expertise if she is connected to persons with the same expertise. The proposed model demonstrates the improved (over 27% on mean average precision) retrieval performance against the baseline. Finally, we also demonstrate a solution for the related task –person name disambiguation – that frequently appears when indexing documents associated with experts sharing the same name. We assume that expert finding system operates on a set of linked documents – the Web. We aim to assist expert finding system in disambiguating person names and propose a graph-based solution that clusters Web pages according to different people sharing the name. Our algorithm took the second place in the third Web people Search campaign among 8 competitors with total 27 submitted runs according to the official performance ranking. Presented solutions can be extended to a more general task of entity retrieval
Naït-Baha, Leïla. "Les points de vue : vers une caractéristation de la notion de besoins utilisateurs pour la collecte d'informations sur le Web, conception et réalisation du méta-moteur de recherche RAP". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040122.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis comes within the framework of information retrieval on the Web with the help of methods inspired by the computational linguistics researchs of LaLICC laboratory. The purpose of our work is to develop a tool that allows to assist in an interactive way, during an information retrieval session, a user who wants to collect some information available on the Web on a given notion or topic. The main idea which is realized through this tool called RAP (Research, Analyse, Propose), consists in foàcusing the search according to one or more points of view which allow to satisfy, in a gradual way, the user information needs. Conceptually, a great part of our work consisted to study how to characterize the user need notion that constitute the intuitive foundation on which rely the notion of points de view. In this order, the linguistic knowledge we use allows as to not see the need notion as necessarily related to a particular community of users. Our reflexions led us to pose the elementary or complex informational need notions as a theoritical framework of our research. To these needs correspond the points of view that a user can select to focus his search. Technically, direct the search according to a point of view means that we reformulate the user query by integrating there the linguistics markers relating to the chosen point of view, for example that of Causality or that of Quotation. The purpose of this reformulation is in one part, to reduce significantly the noise, and in the other part to target Web pages having rich semantic contents. The realization of the points of view by this reformulation technique implies the use of linguistics markers resulting from the team LaLICC works on the semantic filtering of the texts. Each class of these markers relating to the selected point of view intervenes in the process of user query reformulation through the reformulation technique that we developed; then, in the part of extraction of the paragraphs or textual segments of the document where signs of the chosen point of view are detected, thus to help the user to make a better choice of Web pages among the resulted pages computed by the search engine (AltaVista in our case). The whole of the processes was realized by the construction of the RAP tool written in Java and including a convivial interface, in which, 27 points of view resulting from the various approaches of the sixth principal points of view : Causality, Descriptive Relations, Quotation, Theme/Position, Problem/Solution and Actors
MacNaughton, Justin. "Influence de la recherche d'information sur Internet sur le risque perçu face à l'achat d'une voiture d'occasion". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30095.
Texto completo da fonteThe importance of the automotive industry no longer has to be proven. Most of us own at least one car or know someone who owns one. The car is one of the most important singular household expenditures in the province Quebec, second only to housing. Thus, this purchase may involve a certain level of perceived risk for consumers since it is often necessary to pay a large sum of money to buy the car and we have no guarantee as to the reliability of the car, even more so for used cars. The main objectif of this project was to evaluate the influence of searching for information on the Internet on the perceived risk of buying a used car. Structural equations modeling was used to evaluate the relation between these two concepts. The primary results, based on a sample of 353 respondents, show that the more a consumer uses the Internet to search for information, the more he or she perceives a higher level of risk in relation to buying a used-car (ß = 0,176 ; p= 0,009 < 0,05). Furthermore, searching for information through social media also increases the perceived risk in regards to this specific purchase (ß = 0,348 ; p= *** < 0,001). These results raise questions in regards to the usefulness of searching for information on the Internet when looking to purchase a used-car.
Bontan, Laëtitia Paul Jonathan Pujol Monique Larouk Omar. "Evaluation des sites Web "Fédérateurs"". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/M-2003-RECH-10-bontan.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteRochdi, Mounir. "Utilisation des agents conversationnels pour la diffusion de l'information". Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30001.
Texto completo da fonteThe use of the multiple robots available on the Web constitutes today a stage impossible to circumvent in the search for information on Internet. Several of these robots make it possible to identify, more or less quickly, the pages likely to meet a definite need. But the possibilities of research does not prevent from being drowned under the volume of the answers and to be disappointed by impossibility in certain cases, to supervise the evolution of a research. These tools, more or less sophisticated appeared to help the processes technology watch. In complement of the simultaneous interrogation of various robots and directories, these tools indeed make it possible to eliminate the doubled blooms to check the validity of the bonds, to download the results monitoring the appearance of new documents on a subject or aspiring a site while monitoring its updates. Within this framework, we developed a virtual assistant allowing to answer the questions posed by the Net surfers. Work presents the use and the development of Chatterbot within the framework of a data-processing of the Cybion Company
Dussaux, Gaétan. "Ironweb - construction collective de bases de connaissances sur internet". INSA de Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAM0004.
Texto completo da fontePomares, Brandt Pascale. "Les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication dans les enseignements technologiques : de l'organisation des savoirs aux conditions d'étude : didactique de la consultation d'information". Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10070.
Texto completo da fonteLadage, Caroline. "Etude sur l'écologie et l'économie des praxéologies de la recherche d'information sur Internet : une contribution à la didactique de l'enquête codisciplinaire". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01964613.
Texto completo da fonteQuach, Tat Kien. "Recherche d'information sur le web (RIW) et moteurs de recherche : le cas des lycéens". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719199.
Texto completo da fonteSaïdi, Samantha Larouk Omar. "Utilisation des Métadonnées dans les Sites Fédérateurs de "Qualité Contrôlée" ou SBIG". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dessride/rrbsaidi.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteKexel, Christoph. "La production et la gestion des connaissances dans le marketing des moteurs de recherche : une approche basée sur l'apprentissage par l'action". Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0034.
Texto completo da fonteSince the late 1980s the development of the Internet has empowered customers to choose from an extensive range of products and suppliers and to make purchases more efficient and flexible (Chaffey et al, 2006). In online marketing the potential customer opens a communication channel to the marketer by seeking information with search engines ((Chaffey et al, 2006), (Bogner, 2006)), so that ‘being found’ represents the crucial success factor for today’s organizations. However, modern firms are surprisingly sluggish in appreciating the critical importance of online marketing (Schubring, 2008). This dissertation aims to design a methodology for improvement of marketers’ knowledge and online marketing skills. The dissertation initially develops an action learning based model for conveying the basic concepts necessary for marketing practitioners. This methodology is then applied and evaluated in a controlled higher education environment by also conveying the expertise to a control group in a traditional form. An analysis of the efficacy of the different knowledge-transfer methods is provided in order to identify the optimal learning approach. The data collected on assumed knowledge improvements illustrate that optimal results have indeed been obtained in all subcategories of Internet marketing by the proposed framework. The dissertation concludes that the methodology is indeed able to instill the compulsory know-how in order that practitioners may cope with and make use of the World Wide Web – despite its vagaries. The findings advance business practice by providing a possibility of effective on-the-job training for the key organizational function of online marketing. This may facilitate corporate learning models in a more general context
Kou, Huaizhong. "Génération d'adaptateurs web intelligents à l'aide de techniques de fouilles de texte". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0011.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis defines a system framework of semantically integrating Web information, called SEWISE. It can integrate text information from various Web sources belonging to an application domain into common domain-specific concept ontology. In SEWISE, Web wrappers are built around different Web sites to automatically extract interesting information from. Text mining technologies are then used to discover the semantics Web documents talk about. SEWISE can ease topic-oriented information researches over the Web. Three problems related to the document categorization are studied. Firstly, we investigate the approaches to feature selection and proposed two approaches CBA and IBA to select features. To estimate statistic term associations and integrate them within document similarity model, a mathematical model is proposed. Finally, the category score calculation algorithms used by k-NN classifiers are studied. Two weighted algorithms CBW and IBW to calculate category score are proposed
Pruski, Cédric. "Une approche adaptative pour la recherche d'information sur le Web". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433071.
Texto completo da fonteRenahy, Emilie. "Recherche d'information en matière de santé sur Internet : déterminants, pratiques et impact sur la santé et le recours aux soins". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066087.
Texto completo da fonteToma, Adrian. "Classes d'objets et recherche d'information". Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131008.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is the study of the improvement of the information retrieval process on the Internet, using a new linguistic theory of the semantico-syntactical classes. The main linguistic problems confronting the information retrieval are the polymorphism and the polysemy of natural languages. Same topic documents use different expressions, while there are several keyword variants for the same given topic. Due to search keys ambiguity, the intended sense of the request is not always reflected by the retrieved documents. The implementation in informatics of the linguistic concept of classes has to go through a first phase where a comparison is drawn between these notions in computer science and in linguistics. We also suggest the use of hierarchy of classes as well as of domains and of domains’hierarchies. The classes are structured in databases and the hierarchies are encoded in graphs. The importance of the document ranking draws our interest towards the use of the linguistic classes in automatic semantic content analysis in order to improve document’s estimated relevance. We show how automatic query reformulation and expansion based on semantico-syntactical classes improves the retrieval by focusing the process on the request’s inferred topic and by adding to the initial keywords other relevant concepts. The software we developed uses the hierarchy of the classes to detect the request’s topic; we then show how to use the dictionary based on linguistic classes to expand the query. We show examples on how cross-lingual query expansion benefits from the use of linguistic classes. Since the linguistic problems of the information retrieval are also rooted in the document indexing, we suggest and analyse a new indexing technique that has semantics at its core. The index entry is no longer the decontextualized and therefore meaningless word but a new concept of minimal indexing structure issued from the way predicates are described in the linguistic classes’theory
Lafaye, Christophe. "La phase de traque d'information sur internet dans un processus de veille stratégique : une approche longitudinale centrée sur les agents intelligents". Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33030.
Texto completo da fonteInternet changes the paradigm of organizational information. Internet is, indeed, a new field of strategic informations to the environmental scanning process. Nevertheless, the activity of information acquisition is a complex and hard one on Internet. That's why, intelligent agents had been created to help gatekeepers. Our research deals with general dynamics of assimilation of this tool in an organizational context
Le, Diouris Laurence. "Conception de sites internet et étude de leur utilisation dans différentes situations de recherche documentaire en collège et lycée". Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/lediouris_l.
Texto completo da fonteThis research deals with the design of Internet Sites about environemental pollution problems and the study of their use. We study documentary research performed by 15 to 17 year old students. On the one hand, we consider the design and development of information about environmental problems adapted to 15-17 year old pupils. Our theoretical framwork is based on didactic transposition and on studying how students learn. On the other hand, the study of the use of the sites aims at determining which factors can influence students' activities. More specifically, in theframework of broussean's theory of situations, we study the way they use and relate their own knowledge to the information on the Internet sites. So we use the theory of situations. We have constructed four successive siyuations and we have tape recoeded students' dialogues. The analysus of the collected data show that, all in all the situations, students develop the same approach for the research and the selection of the information based on a " and paste " strategy. Moreover, they don't use a great deal of their own knowledge to resolve proposed problems, relyng instead on information present within the sites. Never the less, it seems that a situation of comparison taking place after the documentary research involving four peers who have the same knowledge, lead the students to use their knowledge, to relate it to the information of the Internet sites and to develop new knowledge
Candillier, Laurent Gilleron Rémi. "Apprentissage automatique de profils de lecteurs". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/memoires/A2001-6.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Diouris Laurence Le Maréchal Jean-François. "Conception de sites internet et étude de leur utilisation dans différentes situations de recherche documentaire en collège et lycée". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2000/lediouris_l.
Texto completo da fonteDelecroix, Bertrand. "La mesure de la valeur de l'information en intelligence économique : application à la mise en place de solutions pour accroître la plus-value d'information élaborée dans un contexte d'intranet". Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0270.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with the problematic of information value in the process of business intelligence. More precisely, it aims at offering information products generated with a solution of information extraction. Information extraction indeed makes it possible to provide highly valued information in a goal of decision-making. The first part defines the meaning of "information value". We distinguish information value from the notion of relevance. We conclude on the principle according to which the relevance is a necessary criterion, but nonsufficient to define high-value information. It is indeed the value-in-use that must be developed along the process of business intelligence. The second part presents the process of business intelligence. We define up to what point this process must take part in the creation of high-value information, and how the principles formerly defined can, and must be integrated in it. The process, indeed, begins with information acquisition, and results in decision-making, then in action. This information, acquired upstream, must be transformed and processed, in order to acquire value, and then reduce greatly that the decision maker faces. The third part shows up, using a statistical study, that a search engine can imperfectly meet the needs of the users of search engines. This study was made with data issued from the requests of the Agence en Réseau pour l'Information Active (ARIA) search engine. The ARIA is the business intelligence service of France Telecom. This study shows that it is thus necessary to propose to the users other means of access information. The last part will demonstrate how the implementation of an extraction solution can make it possible to answer this problem and to provide high value information, with agoal of decision-making
Mroué, Ali. "Modélisation et simulation d’opérateur humain dans une tâche de recherche d’information par navigation". Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX30041.
Texto completo da fonteThrough the development of tools for modeling and simulation of human operators in computerized tasks, we were interested in the analysis of paths borrowed the users in Web sites. A first module has been developed which, based on log files collected by the Web server, extracts sessions of users. A second module exploits the results of the first one in order to group the similar sessions into classes. We deduct from these classes behavior models. These latter come to enrich theoretical models of information retrieval (IR) in hypermedia tasks. We reach then a behavior model of an Internet user in an IR by navigation task. The crossing of the two approaches allows us to increase the realism of the elaborated models. At first expressed in GOMSL, they are then specified in DEVS allowing their simulations and tests to verify our assumptions about user activity. Cognitive criteria are also taken into account to cover the factors influencing the decision. The experiments made on many websites showed satisfying results at once on the extraction of the classes and the behavior models. This suggests the use of such simulator for the evaluation of the information accessibility according to a goal or to certain knowledge. Beyond this case, the models and the developed platform should allow studies and developments on other software environments and on other tasks
Gueret, Christophe. "Navigateurs internet intelligents : algorithmes de fourmis artificielles pour la diffusion d'informations dans un réseau P2P". Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4020.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we propose the architecture PIAF (Personnal Intelligent Framework Agent) whose objective is to provide users with an environment of nonintrusive, autonomous and general-purpose exchange of information. The problems of diffusion of information between users and optimization of the network's topology are approached with an algorithm using artificial ants. The use of artificial pheromones deposited on connections between peers at the time of the transfers authorizes the constitution of a global memory of the exchanges and the detection of centers of shared centers of interests. Comparatively with the existing solutions, the advantage of our algorithm is to free the user from the definition of profiles. This last needs neither to subscribe with diffusion channel nor to define its centers of interests to be able to exchange information
BORZIC, BORIS. "Un modele de gestionnaire iteratif de flux informationnel sur internet". Paris, CNAM, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CNAM0314.
Texto completo da fonteThe phenomenal growth of internet and proliferation of contents at one-line users 'disposal have amazingly increased the problem of informational overabundance. Within the context of a cifre contract, a performing access system to personalised information and shared on internet, called iterative management device of information flows, has been elaborated. The purely information research part is leaded through an hybridisation between a linguistic layer of terminological extraction and an infometric ? layer of themes automatic detection. Further this simple transfer of technical know-how, we had to think about the way of integrating this hybrid system in the innovative space, fluctuating and federative which is internet, that owns its proper hypertextual logic of information organisation. Its own characteristics, so much at sources identification level as the documents' nature (new process of electronical writing) have been taken into account. Afterwards, we conducted a categorisation of the documents on internet calculated from the hypertextual and textual cover of each one. This categorisation is the basis of the database iterative process. Whereas the first part uses most advanced technics of documentary world (indexation in complete text by accelerated linguistic treatment) combined with the ones of informative monitor world, technics capable of detecting weak signals (infometric treatment), the inherent part to internet applies itself to robots, to new 3d representation formats and to a systems typology of informational distribution available on the network
Carvalho, de Aguiar Fernando Jorge. "Modélisation d'un système de recherche d'information pour les systèmes hypertextes : Application à la recherche d'information sur le world wide web". Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818333/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn a hypertext documents are seldom composed of a set of nodes instead of a single one. The information one page conveys might not be fully grasped if only the content of it is considered. The content of the pages with which the page being considered compose one document bear contextual information. Taking into account contextual information when indexing pages is fundamental to the quality of their index. Information retrieval systems for the Web, commonly known as Web search engines, should consider the splitting up of Web documents into several pages: one page should not be considered as a fully-fledged document, it is only a part of it. Therefore, when indexing a page one should consider its contextual information which is seldom located in its neighborhood. Traditionally, Web search engines consider pages as fully-fledged documents and their index are then built only from their contents. Contextual information is not considered. In this work we put forward a new information retrieval model for search engines running over Web sites. The cornerstone of it is a 2-level index for the pages composing the site: the bottom level is constructed solely from the content of the page itself, and the top level is constructed from the analysis of the contents of the pages which give a context to the page being indexed. We aim to improve the effectiveness of the search engine by improving the quality of the pages' index. The implementation of a search engine prototype integrating the model suggested and the use of the test collection WT10g issued from the TREC conferences and adapted to our needs, allowed us to carry out a large number of tests. The results of these tests showed an improvement of the effectiveness of the search engine prototype when compared with that of a search engine integrating a traditional model where contextual information is not used to index pages. Therefore, the tests unveiled evidence that contextual information might be worth considering when modelling a search engine
Rodon, Carole. "Rechercher des informations sur le Web : anticipations exagérément optimistes pour trouver les informations et exagérément pessimistes pour estimer les temps de recherche". Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100049.
Texto completo da fonteHow do individuals believe they are competent to retrieve information on the Web as multimedia encyclopedic database (picture, sound and text)? Our objectives are to: 1/ measure beliefs of competence for searching information on the Web; 2/ identify factors which influence these beliefs; 3/ determine how they yield realistic, optimistic or pessimistic anticipatory performance compared to objective performance. A first series of studies shows that beliefs of competence don’t seem to be permeable to social context of usage (Part 1). Challenging Web’s value for documentation or information is not enough to change self-efficacy score, assessment of task difficulty or anticipatory performance. The same goes on when knowledge of the internaut concerning the domain of the information to be searched on the Web is called into question. In a second part, expected and measured performance for several information searches tasks on the Web are compared (Part 2). Both an exaggerated optimism and an exaggerated pessimism were observed. Participants overrated their success of about 50% in tasks and anticipate duration of search for the least double comparing to their performances
Belvaux, Bertrand. "Recherche d'information et achat dans un environnement multi-canal : le cas du " click and mortar "". Dijon, 2004. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01207837.
Texto completo da fonte"Click and mortar" behaviour joind an internet information research and a transaction in a traditional store, in a same buying process. This thesis analyses antecedents and consequences of this pre-purchase information search by Internet. First study shows the positive influence of need for information, shopping motives (essentially utilitarian) and variables from Technology Acceptance Model (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and enjoyment of using). A second study shows consequences of Internet exploratory on in-store buying behaviour. Chosen product are little modified (essentially in terms of brands) and explained by the joining of persuasion model and planned behaviour model
Etcheverry, Isabelle. "Les exigences cognitives de la recherche d'information sur internet et les difficultés liées à l'âge examinées sous l'angle de la recollection". Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20074.
Texto completo da fonteConsidering the well-established fact that older adults perform less well than do young adults on episodic memory tasks, our thesis examined how older Internet users performed when they had to search for and then recollect information contained within Web pages. Three studies were conducted with a total of 81 young adults (18-30 years) and 79 older adults (60-81 years). In the study phase, participants completed information search tasks in Web pages. Tasks were either content-oriented (comprehension) or navigation-oriented (localisation). Participants were then given recognition tests using dual-process paradigms allowing us to assess recollection and familiarity (Remember/Know) and the retrieval of detailed and semantic representation (Verbatim-Gist). In one experiment the Web page presentation format was also manipulated and eye-tracking analyses were carried out to examine age effects as a function of tasks demands. Results showed that older users were less able to recognize and recollect items previously encountered in web pages and to retrieve specific information. However, source memory was not more impaired with age than item memory. Two other contributions of the work were firstly that older adults experienced difficulties in navigation-oriented tasks, but not in content-oriented search tasks; and secondly that memory process estimates proved to be appropriate in order to detect variations in information search tasks demands
Lang, Marie-Ève. "La recherche d'informations sexuelles sur le Web par de jeunes Franco-Canadiennes et ses liens avec l'expression de leur agentivité sexuelle". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24608.
Texto completo da fonteIn the last few years, the concept of sexual agency has been used by many English-language studies on youth and women to describe the ability to take control of one’s own body and sexuality. While the term is rarely used in informal English, it appears even less frequently in French. One way that young women can exercise their sexual agency is for them to take an active role by seeking answers to their questions about their own sexuality. Using an innovative "private" blog method, combined with in-depth interviews, we sought to determine how teenage girls and young women ages 17 to 21 are using the Internet to learn about sexuality. We then interviewed the participants about the situations where they exercise (or refrain to exercise) sexual agency in their lives. In this thesis, we propose a definition of sexual agency, describe the method we have developed, and then discuss our results. We show that the participants use the Internet to gather information on a wide variety of sexual topics, but using the Internet has some limitations when a participant's situation is worrisome or taboo. Although Internet seems to serve well their needs related to "physical" matters, the participants don’t really use Internet to address their more "psychological" or "relational" concerns. They also do not grant the same credence to some Internet sources as they do to their friends, doctors or parents. We also show that the participants, in their sexual encounters, have integrated some agentic messages, such as "No means no", but show some lack of sexual agency when their partner is more experienced or insistent. Finally, we will see that our method of private blogs mixed with in-depth interviews is an ideal method for gathering qualitative data on sensitive topics such as sexuality.
Tollari, Sabrina. "Indexation et recherche d'images par fusion d'informations textuelles et visuelles". Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0013.
Texto completo da fonteBecause of the exponential growing number of images, Image Retrieval Systems flmRS) must be scalable while reducing as much as possible the semantic gap. Usual web ImRS scan the associated text which only ensures scalability, on the other hand content based systems do not optimize semantic similarity. Robust ImRS may extract and merge textual arid visual informations from generally iniss-labeled and miss-segmented images. Therefore we propose two scalable approximation methods tested on COREL database (10K images, 150 words). We first train with miss-labeled images a simple bayesian image auto-annotation model using visual index based on Vector Approximation Files. This model is very fast and is better than priors (+29%). Second, we propose an adaptive reduction of the visual dimension for miss-labeled images. It relies on the hypothesis that each concept in a general image database is included in various visual contexts. We show theoritically under this weak assumption that we can approximate the Linear Discriminant Analysis (ALDA) and classification results using a simple ascendant hierarchical classification. Results demonstrate ALDA efficiency enhancing classification by 59% while selec¬ting only 10% of the visual dimensions. Approximation of Maximal Marginal Diversity (AMMD) is also proposed. This thesis demonstrates the interest of considering concept dependant visual features, and gives methods to extract them from real miss-labeled and miss-segmented large image databases, opening new perpectives for textuo-visual web analyses
Sidibé, Amadou Békaye. "Usages d'Internet et services d'Internet au Mali : rôle et positionnement des bibliothèques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAL003/document.
Texto completo da fonteSince the Sumerian period (4th - 3rd millennium BC), libraries have been able to process documents in order to make them available to the population for their intellectual, cultural and economic development ... ¶ To meet the information needs of all the socio-professionnal strata, they have taken various forms: national, public, specialized, scolarly, academic ... and this, in all the countries of the world.¶¶ With the rise of the web and the progressive access of people to online resources, the technical and financial partners of African countries began to help them, in the second half of the 1990s, to connect to the Internet. ¶This was also the beginning of various projects to create telecentres in order to popularize the Internet and to enable African populations to access information for their development. ¶These new structures (community or private) have been seen by many as the only source of access to information. In this context, libraries, with already meager resources in our countries, have appeared as obsolete, even useless structures. ¶ Documentary information professionals then began to question the future of their profession and libraries. ¶ In their reflection, the Internet has sometimes been perceived as a threat to libraries, as a technology like any other, or as an opportunity to seize in order to develop their resources and their know-how.¶Considering the Internet as an opportunity, however, requires librarians a new perception of their mission, a new organization of work, new products and services, and a new vision of relations with the public. ¶ This requires especially the appropriation of Internet and an active role in its use in order to disseminate your resources, facilitate access to those of others, promote your products and services, diversify, retain and empower your users in research and exploitation of resources ... ¶ Thus, the question arises of the role of libraries in the development of Internet uses and services.¶ Our study seeks, in the Malian context, marked by the extreme poverty of libraries, by the almost total failure of telecentres, but by a slight dynamism of other modes of access to the Internet (connection at the office, home connection, connection on mobile devices ...) to determine, analyze and understand the role of Malian libraries in the development of Internet usage and services. Realized in 39 Internet-related documentary units, it exposes Internet Mali (history, strategies, representations, uses), analyzes the role and positioning of libraries in the democratization of Internet and information resources access. Finally, it tries to understand whether the actions of libraries in bond with Internet are part of a clear and mature strategy
Bouklit, Mohamed. "Autour du graphe du web : modélisations probabilistes de l'internaute et sétection de structures de communauté". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20096.
Texto completo da fonteHeinström, Jannica. "Fast surfers, broad scanners and deep divers : personality and information-seeking behaviour /". Åbo : Åbo Akademi university press, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40050439n.
Texto completo da fonteDenizot, Anne Kristina Epron Benoît. "Les jeux de rôle en ligne massivement multi-joueurs état de l'art de la recherche et perspectives /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque-numerique/document-2018.
Texto completo da fonteTexte intégral. Résumé en français et en anglais. Bibliogr. f. 50-55.
Węgrzyn-Wolska, Katarzyna M. "Étude et réalisation d'un méta-indexeur pour la recherche sur le web de documents produits par l'administration française". Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1029.
Texto completo da fonteKhariji, Asmaa. "Analyses empiriques des comportements des ménages en ligne : le cas des achats de livres et de cd en ligne". Paris 13, 2008. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2008_khariji.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation adds to the online household behaviour on switching effect and price premium on the Internet. In particular the analysis looks at the context where households make purchase decisions for books and CD online on different retailers Web site. The approach here combines theory and data to examine how such purchase decision and choices of retailers Web site vary with different factors affecting the online business environment. Part one addresses a theoretical aspect of price dispersion, search costs, and transaction costs on the Internet and in conventional markets. In Part two, I explore two interrelated empirical research questions by using clickstream data in the online retail industry: what retains consumers to a retailer Web site? And, for any particular book/CD and based on household characteristics what make households pay for a price premium? How much is price sensitivity to any particular book/CD? Our results point to a low incidence of switching among retailers with an evidence of consumer loyalty. I also argue that some factors might affect the choice of retailer and the willingness to pay for a price premium. Each retailer can offer a homogeneous product in a sense that the same product is also available at another retailer site. I propose a random utility/discrete choice framework (McFadden 1974) and develop hypotheses about the effect purchasing economies of scope on price premium for homogeneous books/CD, as purchase appears to be driven by economies of scope in shipping costs across a diverse basket of goods. I develop hypotheses about the effect of economies of scope, household characteristics and past behaviour, and bundle characteristics (e. G. , shipping and discount) on the price premium for homogeneous products. The purpose of this research is threefold. First, I apply a discrete choice modeling framework (McFadden 1974) to study different low-cost items and not only one industry. Second, there is no empirical analysis on extending the analysis to the full basket of goods that consumers purchase. Our analysis aims to contribute to the previous empirical literature findings where amazon. Com has a price advantage over generic and brand retailers, i. E. Amazon. Com closest rivals. (i. E. , Brynjolfsson and Smith, 2001). The extant literature has sought to focus on product categories in understanding purchase loyalty rather than focusing on consumers as the unit of analysis. In directing attention at product categories we obtain only a partial picture of how consumers make purchase decisions across product categories. By ignoring the full basket of goods that consumers purchase we run the risk of erroneously inferring the absence of loyalty when consumers may be using systematic rules in making purchase decisions across the basket
Ferreyra, Julian Markovits Francine. "Du capitalisme aux "rapports humains", une recherche sur la lutte pour l'existence dans la philosophie politique de Gilles Deleuze". S. l. : S. l. : Paris 10 ; Universidad nacional de San Martin, 2009. http://bdr.u-paris10.fr/theses/internet/2009PA100024.pdf.
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