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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Rats"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 29 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Rats"

Wilkins, E., A. Cope e S. Waitkins. "RAPIDS, RAFTS, AND RATS". Lancet 332, n.º 8605 (julho de 1988): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92580-9.

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Dupré, Roslyn M. "Rats, rats, rats!" Nature Medicine 1, n.º 7 (julho de 1995): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0795-609a.

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Dvorak, Bohuslav, Debra L. McWilliam, Catherine S. Williams, Jessica A. Dominguez, Nancy W. Machen, Robert S. McCuskey e Anthony F. Philipps. "Artificial Formula Induces Precocious Maturation of the Small Intestine of Artificially Reared Suckling Rats". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 31, n.º 2 (agosto de 2000): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2000.tb07082.x.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundThe artificially reared rat model was used successfully to study the effect of nutrition during the early postnatal period on growth and development of the neonate. Overgrowth and morphologic changes of the gastrointestinal tract are known consequences of artificial rearing. The major goal of our study was to elucidate whether artificial rearing–enhanced gut development is caused by artificial diet or by gastrostomy and the artificial rearing technique itself.MethodsSuckling rats at day 8 of age underwent intragastric cannulation and were machine fed either a cow's milk–based artificial rat's milk substitute or pooled rat's milk for 4 days. Dam‐fed littermates served as a control.ResultsBody growth did not differ in the three experimental groups. In rats receiving rat's milk substitute, small intestinal wet weight was approximately 60% greater than in rats fed rat's milk or control rats. Additionally, the entire small intestine was approximately 20% longer in the rat's milk substitute group. Morphologically, rat's milk substitute–fed pups demonstrated significantly greater intestinal villus length and crypt depth compared with rat's milk–fed or control rats. Jejunum and midjejunum of the rat's milk and control groups did not differ in these parameters. Intestinal sucrase activity of rat's milk substitute–fed rats was significantly elevated compared with rat's milk–fed rats or control animals.ConclusionsThese results indicate that cow's milk–based formula, not gastrostomy or artificial feeding technique, is a principal cause of the small intestine overgrowth and precocious maturation of some intestinal functions observed in artificially reared sucklings.

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Beauséjour, Annie, Karine Auger, Jean St-Louis e Michèle Brochu. "High-sodium intake prevents pregnancy-induced decrease of blood pressure in the rat". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 285, n.º 1 (julho de 2003): H375—H383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01132.2002.

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Despite an increase of circulatory volume and of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity, pregnancy is paradoxically accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure. We have reported that the decrease in blood pressure was maintained in pregnant rats despite overactivation of RAAS following reduction in sodium intake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the opposite condition, e.g., decreased activation of RAAS during pregnancy in the rat. To do so, 0.9% or 1.8% NaCl in drinking water was given to nonpregnant and pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 days (last week of gestation). Increased sodium intakes (between 10- and 20-fold) produced reduction of plasma renin activity and aldosterone in both nonpregnant and pregnant rats. Systolic blood pressure was not affected in nonpregnant rats. However, in pregnant rats, 0.9% sodium supplement prevented the decreased blood pressure. Moreover, an increase of systolic blood pressure was obtained in pregnant rats receiving 1.8% NaCl. The 0.9% sodium supplement did not affect plasma and fetal parameters. However, 1.8% NaCl supplement has larger effects during gestation as shown by increased plasma sodium concentration, hematocrit level, negative water balance, proteinuria, and intrauterine growth restriction. With both sodium supplements, decreased AT1 mRNA levels in the kidney and in the placenta were observed. Our results showed that a high-sodium intake prevents the pregnancy-induced decrease of blood pressure in rats. Nonpregnant rats were able to maintain homeostasis but not the pregnant ones in response to sodium load. Furthermore, pregnant rats on a high-sodium intake (1.8% NaCl) showed some physiological responses that resemble manifestations observed in preeclampsia.

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Fu, Ziwei, Jiajia Hu, Li Zhou, Yanting Chen, Mokan Deng, Xiyang Liu, Jiahui Su, Aihua Lu, Xiaodong Fu e Tianxin Yang. "(Pro)renin receptor contributes to pregnancy-induced sodium-water retention in rats via activation of intrarenal RAAS and α-ENaC". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 316, n.º 3 (1 de março de 2019): F530—F538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00411.2018.

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The (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is a new component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and regulates renin activity. The objective of the present study was to test potential roles of the renal PRR and intrarenal RAAS in the physiological status of late pregnancy. Late pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were studied 19–21 days after sperm was observed in vaginal smears. Experiments were performed using age-matched virgin rats and late pregnant rats treated with the specific PRR inhibitor PRO20 (700 μg·kg−1·day−1 sc for 14 days, 3 times/day for every 8 h) or vehicle. The indices of RAAS, including PRR, renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone levels, were examined by immunoblotting, qRT-PCR, or ELISA. Further analyses of renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) expression, sodium-water retention, and plasma volume were performed. We first present evidence for the activation of intrarenal RAAS in late pregnant rats, including increases in urinary renin activity, active and total renin content, and prorenin content, angiotensin II and aldosterone excretion, in parallel with increased renal PRR expression and urinary soluble PRR excretion. Functional evidence demonstrated that PRR antagonism with PRO20 effectively suppressed the indices of intrarenal RAAS in late pregnant rats. In addition, our results revealed that renal α-ENaC expression, sodium-water retention, and plasma volume were elevated during late pregnancy, which were all attenuated by PRO20. In summary, the present study examined the renal mechanism of sodium-water retention and plasma volume expansion in late pregnant rats and identified a novel role of PRR in regulation of intrarenal RAAS and α-ENaC and thus sodium and fluid retention associated with pregnancy.

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. "In de rats na een RADS". TBV – Tijdschrift voor Bedrijfs- en Verzekeringsgeneeskunde 17, n.º 5 (maio de 2009): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03081209.

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Bounouar, Elaid, Fatiha Missoun, Nesrine Ouda Amari, Fatima Zohra Belabaci, Senia Belabaci, Fatima Zohra Sekkal e Noureddine Djebli. "Antidiabetic effect of Atriplex halimus long and short term treatment against streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats". Anales de Biología, n.º 44 (10 de maio de 2022): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesbio.44.03.

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El objetivo fue evaluar la actividad antidiabética de hojas de Atriplex halimus en ratas diabéticas modelo. Para evaluar se utilizó la glicemia, pérdida de peso, volumen de consumo de agua, parámetros bioquímicos. estudio histológico. Las investigaciones fitoquímicas indican la presencia de flavonoides, taninos, saponinas, mucílagos, glucósidos. proteínas. Los resultados muestran que el tratamiento con extracto acuoso de A. halimus presenta reducción significativa de los niveles de glucosa en sangre en ratas de los grupos D100. D200, en comparación con el grupo diabético,. protege. las ratas de complicaciones diabéticas. El estudio histológico del páncreas lo confirman por la mejora en los islotes de Langerhans de rata tratada con este extracto vegetal. Atriplex halimus parece ser una planta prometedora para futuros ensayos preclínicos. clínicos en la diabetes de tipo I. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of Atriplex halimus leaves in diabetic model rats. Glycaemia, weight loss, volume of water consumption, biochemical parameters and histological study were used to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity. Phytochemicals investigations indicate the presence of: Flavonoids, tannins, saponins, mucilages, glycosides and proteins. Findings show that the treatment with A. halimus aqueous extract presents. significant reduction of blood glucose levels in rats of groups D100 and D200 compared with diabetic group and protect rats from diabetic complications. These results were confirmed by the histological study in pancreas which indicate improvement in Islets of Langerhans of rat treated with this plant extract. Atriplex halimus appears to be. promising plant for further preclinical and clinical trials in type 1 diabetes.

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Ugwu, Princewill, Ruku Ubom, Pamela Madueke, Pamela Okorie e Daniel Nwachukwu. "Anti-Hypertensive Effects of Anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdarifa Calyx on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldoslestrone System in Wistar Rats". Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences 37, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2022): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54548/njps.v37i1.14.

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Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) has gained attention as an anti-hypertensive agent. In the present study, we hypothesized that anthocyanins from HS may attenuate salt-induced hypertension in rats by suppressing the components of renin-angiotensin-aldoslestrone system (RAAS). Hypertension was induced in the rats by adding 8% NaCl in their diet for six weeks. Wistar rats (n=5 each) were randomly divided into seven groups. Group 1 was the normentensive control group and was fed with normal rat chew and water ad libitum; groups 2 and 3 served as hypertensive control (negative untreated and positive treated with captopril 30mg/kg respectively); groups 4, 5, and 6 served as treatment groups and were administered with graded doses of anthocyanins( 50, 100, 200mg/kg respectively) while group 7 received both 100mg anthocyanins and 30mg captopril per day for 4 weeks. Using HPLC, anthocyanins were isolated from HS calyx following standard protocol. Anthocyanins significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive rats in a dose dependent manner. The blood pressure reduction by anthocyanins was associated with a reduction in serum ACE and plasma aldosterone in the hypertensive rats. The effects of anthocyanins on blood pressure and on biomarkers of RAAS were similar to those of captopril, a reference anti-hypertensive drug. The results suggest that anthocyanins exerts a significant (p<0.05) anti-hypertensive potency on rats, probably mediated by the reduction in components of the RAAS. Keywords: hypertension, anthocyanins, renin, aldosterone, rats

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Tonkiss, J., J. L. Smart, N. S. Auestad e J. Edmond. "Type of Milk Substitute Influences Growth of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Artificially Reared Rat Pups". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 4, n.º 5 (outubro de 1985): 818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1985.tb08962.x.

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Summary:Growth of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was studied in rat pups that were reared normally (motherreared, MR) or were artificially reared (AR) by intragastric infusion of milk substitutes from postnatal day 5. Two mitk substitutes were used: one high in carbohydrate and low in protein compared with rat's milk (Messer) and the other close in composition to rat's milk (Auestad). Pups reared on these formulae are termed ARM and ARA, respectively. Pups were killed at 7, 12, and 20 days for the determination of the wet and dry weights of stomach and caecum and the lengths of the small and large intestines (SI and LI). At 7 days AR pups showed deficits in several GI measures compared with MR rats. However, by 20 days they showed enhanced growth of various parts of the GI tract. Stomach weight was greatest in ARA rats; caecum weight was greater in AR than in MR rats; SI was longer in AR than MR rats, with the effect more pronounced in ARM rats. These effects were already evident, or becoming so, by 12 days. In an additional experiment, rats were AR on rat's milk from 5 to 12 days. Their GI tracts did not differ from MR, suggesting that the AR procedure per se was not responsible for the above GI growth effects.

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Wood, Sarah. "Rats Releasing Other Rats". Paragraph 38, n.º 3 (novembro de 2015): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2015.0175.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Rats"

Hohl, Rodrigo. "Padronização de um modelo de indução de overreaching em ratos : desenvolvimento e perspectivas de investigação em natação e esteira". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314733.

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Orientador: Denise Vaz de Macedo
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O empirismo do treinamento pode levar a um desequilíbrio entre estímulo da atividade motora e tempo de recuperação do esforço. Como conseqüência o atleta pode experimentar um estado agudo de fadiga e queda de desempenho denominado de overreaching, revertido em poucos dias. A persistência desta situação de desequilíbrio pode levar a um quadro crônico de sensação de fadiga acompanhado de queda de desempenho denominado de síndrome do overtraining (OTS), que pode durar semanas ou meses. O objetivo deste trabalho foi padronizar um protocolo controlado e reprodutível de treinamento em ratos que contivesse um período de desequilíbrio entre o estímulo do exercício e o tempo de recuperação que gerasse queda de desempenho. Há duas formas de exercício em ratos amplamente utilizadas na literatura: a natação e a corrida em esteira. Os primeiros dois capítulos deste trabalho descrevem a padronização de um teste de desempenho em natação, reprodutível ao longo do crescimento animal, para ser utilizado em estudos longitudinais. Para isso, precisávamos considerar o empuxo sofrido pelo animal no meio líquido e validamos (Capítulo I) um aparato de medição de volume para animais vivos e conscientes (AMV). No capítulo II apresentamos os dados da comparação da reprodutibilidade de dois testes de desempenho até a exaustão na natação durante os cinco primeiros meses de vida dos ratos. Um teste com adição de cargas ajustadas de acordo com o porcentual da massa corporal (MC) e outro com cargas constantes (CC). Utilizando o AMV constatamos que a densidade dos animais não variava e, como conseqüência, o teste MC diminuía o tempo de exaustão conforme os ratos aumentavam a massa durante o crescimento, enquanto o teste CC mantinha o tempo de exaustão ao longo do tempo. Paralelamente, iniciamos os estudos com exercício em esteira. No Capítulo III apresentamos um protocolo de 11 semanas, onde o desequilíbrio entre exercício e recuperação foi determinado pelo aumento das sessões diárias nas três últimas semanas em 2, 3 e 4 vezes, com diminuição no tempo de recuperação entre elas. Selecionamos no final desse treinamento dois grupos de ratos, aqueles que apresentaram baixo desempenho (BD) e aqueles que apresentaram aumento ou manutenção do desempenho (AD). Embora ambos os grupos tenham apresentado uma diminuição da massa corporal durante o aumento da freqüência de treinamento, o grupo BD precisou de uma semana a mais de repouso para voltar a aumentar a massa, sem modificar o desempenho. No Capítulo IV comparamos quatro grupos de ratos obtidos desse protocolo (Controle (CO), Treinados (T), BD e AD) em análises no sangue (glutamina, glutamato, alanina e hemograma) e músculo (citrato sintase (CS), lactato desidrogenase e glicogênio). Comparando BD com T e AD observamos: (1) diminuição da concentração plasmática de glutamina e aumento na de glutamato, com valores semelhantes aos do grupo CO; (2) diminuição da capacidade oxidativa (CS) e manutenção dos estoques de glicogênio; (3) leucocitose. Em vista das diferenças encontrada entre os grupos BD e AD, concluímos que o protocolo de treinamento de indução de overreaching representa uma ferramenta metodológica importante, que pode auxiliar no desvendamento dos mecanismos causadores da queda de desempenho nos estados de overreaching/OTS
Abstract: The empirical training can lead to an imbalance between the motor activity stress and recovery. As consequence, the athlete can try an acute state of fatigue and performance decrement called overreaching, reverted in a few days. This continuous unbalance can lead to a chronic fatigue state called as overtraining syndrome (OTS), that may last weeks or months. Our goal was to standardize a controlled and reproducible training protocol in rats that contained an unbalance period between exercise stress and recovery with performance decrement. Two forms of exercise is widely used for rats training in literature: swimming and treadmill running. Chapters I and II describe an adequate standardization for workload in swimming tests when applied to longitudinal studies with sedentary rats. Therefore, considering the rats' buoyance, we validate (Chapter I) an apparatus for measuring conscientious living rat body volume (AMV). In chapter II, we evaluated two types of swimming tests with overload in sedentary rats: one with the load adjusted according to percentage of body weight (BW) and another one with constant load (CL) over time. Through the AMV, we found that the rats' density did not vary significantly, as consequence, MC test showed performance decrement as the rats had their mass increased, while CC test maintained performance along rats growth. In time, we initiate the studies with treadmill exercise. In Chapter III, we present an eleven weeks training protocol where the unbalance between exercise stress and recovery was determined by the increase of the daily sessions in 2, 3 and 4 times in the last three weeks, reducing the recovery time between sessions. We selected two groups of rats in the end of the training protocol, those that presented low performance (BD) and those that presented performance increase or maintenance (AD). Although both groups (AD and BD) showed corporal mass reduction during the increase of the daily frequency, BD group return to increase the mass one week later than AD group, without modifying the performance. In Chapter IV, we compare four groups of rats after the eleven weeks training protocol (Control (CO), Trained (T), AD and BD) in blood (glutamine, glutamate, alanine and hematological variables) and muscle analyses (citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase and glycogen). Comparing BD with AD and T groups, we observe: (1) reduction of the glutamine plasma concentration and increase of glutamate, with similar CO values; (2) reduction of the oxidative capacity (CS) and maintenance of the glycogen stores; (3) leucocitosys. We conclude that the training protocol induces the rats to overreaching and it represents a relevant methodological tool in overreaching / OTS metabolical mechanisms research envolved in performance decrement
Doutorado
Fisiologia
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

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Castleberry, Nikole Lee. "Food habits of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister)". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1413.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 99 p. : col. maps Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Lee, Jennifer E. "Work Ethic in Rats". Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1264716770.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toledo, 2009.
Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Arts in Psychology." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 19-20.

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Platonoff, Nadine. "Nouvelles méthodes de microscopie quantitative appliquées à l'étude de la relation calcium libre intracellulaire-inotropie sur cellules cardiaques de rats nouveaux-nés". Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2038.

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Relation ca inotropie sur cellules de rat neo-natal en culture: deux nouveaux dispositifs optiques appliques a la microscopie ont ete developpes pour mesurer les parametres de contraction et la concentration en ions calcium libres sur des cellules en culture: un contractometre base sur la diffusion de lumiere dynamique et un microspectrofluorimetre adapte aux sondes intra-cellulaires. L'etalonnage de ces instruments a ete particulierement etudie et les causes d'erreur minimisees. A l'aide de ces dispositifs, la relation calcium interne-contraction a ete examinee en presence de substances connues pour modifier le calcium intra-cellulaire et la contractilite. Nos resultats montrent qu'il existe des situations ou cette relation n'est pas directe, et que les cellules cardiaques de rat nouveau-ne ont une physiologie differente de celle des cellules adultes de mammiferes

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Castleberry, Steven Bryan. "Conservation and management of the Allegheny woodrat in the central Appalachians". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1503.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 166 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Harris, Donna B. "Introduced black rats and endemic GalaÌpagos rice rats : competition, coexistence and conservation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437366.

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Estrela, Heder Frank Gianotto. "Reatividade vascular de aneis de aorta isolada de ratos normo ou hiperlipidemicos, sedentarios ou submetidos a natação". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314102.

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Orientadores: Dora Maria Grassi-Kassisse, Regina Celia Spadari
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Lipídios provenientes da dieta têm importante participação nas alterações vasculares observadas na síndrome plurimetabólica. O objetivo desta tese foi analisar a reatividade vascular de anéis de aorta com e sem endotélio isoladas de ratos normo ou hiperlipidêmicos, sedentários ou submetidos à natação. Ratos Wistar machos adultos foram usados após uma semana de adaptação em salas climatizadas 22±2ºC e com ciclo claro-escuro de 12 h (luzes acendendo as 6:30 da manhã). Os experimentos foram realizados de acordo com os princípios para utilização de animais em pesquisa e educação e adotados pelo COBEA (Colégio Brasileiro de Experimentação Animal). Os animais foram randomicamente distribuídos em dois grupos: sedentários (S) e que praticaram exercício físico (T). O exercício constou de sessões de natação na freqüência de 5 dias na semana com 50 minutos de duração durante 20 dias em tanque de água com temperatura de 34 ± 2oC. Estes dois grupos foram ainda subdivididos em 2 subgrupos, o que recebia ração padrão (N) e outro que recebia dieta rica em lipídios (H). Anéis de aorta com e sem endotélio foram isoladas e curvas cumulativas concentração-efeito à noradrenalina (NA), à acetilcolina (ACh) e ao nitroprussiato de sódio (SNP) foram obtidas, na ausência ou presença de L-NAME ou indometacina. Os ratos sedentários e tratados com dieta hiperlipídica (HS) apresentaram aumento das concentrações plasmáticas de triacilgliceróis, colesterol total e das frações LDL e VLDL, determinados ao final da quarta semana de tratamento. O protocolo de natação não induziu qualquer alteração no perfil lipídico dos ratos normolipidêmicos (NT vs NS). Entretanto este programa de atividade física impediu o aumento das concentrações plasmáticas de triacilgliceróis, colesterol total, e suas frações LDL e VLDL, induzidos pela dieta hiperlipídica. A remoção do endotélio promoveu aumento da resposta máxima (gf) e dos valores pD2 à noradrenalina em todos os grupos [2,13±0,18 e 7,19±0,14 (NScom) - 3,60±0,20* e 7,69±0,09* (NSsem); 1,46±0,14 e 7,31±0,09 (NTcom) - 3,14±0,10* e 7,86±0,10* (NTsem); 2,02±0,08 e 7,09±0,13 (HScom) - 3,52±0,10* e 7,89±0,06* (HSsem); 2,08±0,19 e 7,37±0,10 (HTcom) - 3,17±0,19* e 7,82±0,13* (HTsem). Estatisticamente diferente (p<0,05) em: * comparado aos anéis com endotélio (Teste t de student)]. A dieta hiperlipídica não promoveu alterações vasculares aos diferentes agonistas, em animais sedentários (NS vs HS). O programa de exercício físico proposto induziu redução da resposta máxima à noradrenalina e aumento da resposta máxima à acetilcolina em ratos normolipidêmicos (NS vs NT). A resposta máxima (%) e os valores pD2 à acetilcolina foram respectivamente: 61,87 ± 6,13 e 6,91 ± 0,06 (NS), 90,35 ± 3,15abc e 7,11 ± 0,08a (NT), 53,22 ± 2,80 e 6,78 ± 0,06 (HS); 69,70 ± 4,63 e 6,94 ± 0,11 (HT), a comparado ao grupo NS; b comparado ao grupo HS e c comparado ao grupo HT (p<0,05 ANOVA seguida de teste de Tukey). A associação da dieta hiperlipídica e a atividade física fez com que não fossem observadas redução da resposta máxima à noradrenalina e aumento da resposta à acetilcolina nos animais exercitados (NT vs HT). Estes efeitos induzidos pelas sessões de natação foram abolidos pela remoção do endotélio ou tratamento com L-NAME, indicando a participação do NO derivado do endotélio. Nenhuma alteração foi observada na curva concentração-efeito ao SNP nos diferentes grupos: 100% e 7,83 ± 0,11 (resposta máxima e valores pD2, respectivamente). Assim podemos sugerir que o programa de exercício físico proposto diminui a resposta vascular à noradrenalina e aumenta a resposta vasorelaxante à acetilcolina por aumento do NO derivado do endotélio, e que a dieta hiperlipídica embora não cause alterações vasculares nos animais sedentários, impede os efeitos benéficos do exercício
Abstract: Ingesting a lipid diet has an important effect on vasomotor changes found in metabolic syndrome. The aim of this work was to analyze the vascular reactivity on isolated aortic rings with or without endothelium from normo or hyperlipidemic rats, sedentary or submitted to swimming. Adult male Wistar rats were used after one week of adaptation in acclimated room at 22±2ºC and 12h light-dark cycle (lights on at 6:30 a.m.). The experiments were carried out in accordance to the principles for animals use in research and education and adopted by COBEA (Brazilian College for Animal Experimentation). The animals were randomly distributed into two groups, sedentary (S) and exercised (T) with swimming sessions, 5 days a week (50 min. session) for 20 days in a glass tank with water at 34 ± 2oC. These two groups were divided into two subgroups; one of them fed with a standard chow (N) and the other, a high fat-CHO diet (H). Aortic rings with or without endothelium were isolated and cumulative concentration-effect curves to noradrenaline (NA), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were obtained, in presence or absence of L-NAME or indomethacin. High fat-CHO diet ingestion during four weeks induced a significant increase in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and, very low density lipoprotein plasma levels. The physical exercise program did not altered blood lipid levels in normolipidemic rats however avoided the increase in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and, very low density lipoprotein blood levels induced by high fat-CHO diet. The absence of endothelium increased the maximum response (gf) and pD2 values to noradrenaline in all groups [2.13±0.18 e 7.19±0.14 (NSwith) ¿ 3.60±0.20* e 7.69±0.09* (NSwithout); 1.46±0.14 e 7.31±0.09 (NTwith) ¿ 3.14±0.10* e 7.86±0.10* (NTwithout); 2.02±0.08 e 7.09±0.13 (HSwith) ¿ 3.52±0.10* e 7.89±0.06* (HSwithout); 2.08±0.19 e 7.37±0.10 (HTwith) ¿ 3.17±0.19* e 7.82±0.13* (HTwithout). Statistically difference (p<0.05) in: * compared to rings with endothelium (student¿s t test)]. The high fat-CHO diet didn¿t promote any changes in the vasomotor response to any of the compounds, in sedentary rats (NS vs HS). The physical exercise program induced decrease of the maximum response to noradrenaline and increase of maximum response to acetylcholine in normolipidemic rats (NS vs NT). The maximum response (%) and pD2 values to acetylcholine were respectively: 61.87 ± 6.13 e 6.91 ± 0.06 (NS), 90.35 ± 3.15abc e 7.11 ± 0.08a (NT), 53.22 ± 2.80 e 6.78 ± 0.06 (HS); 69.70 ± 4.63 e 6.94 ± 0.11 (HT); a compared to NS group; b compared to HS group, and c compared to HT group (p<0.05 ANOVA, after by Tukey¿s test). The high fat-CHO diet avoided the decrease of maximum response to noradrenaline and increase to acetylcholine on exercised rats (NT vs HT). Those effects induced by the swimming program were prevented by the endothelium removal or tissue treatment with L-NAME, suggesting the participation of endothelium derived NO. No changes were observed in the concentration-effect curves to SNP in aorta of rats from any group: 100% e 7.83 ± 0.11 (maximum response and pD2 value, respectively). We suggest that the physical exercise program decreased vasomotor response to noradrenaline and increased the vasorelaxant response to acetylcholine by increasing of endothelium derived NO, and that the high fat-CHO diet avoids the benefit effects from physical exercise, although it doesn¿t cause vasomotor changes in sedentary rats
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

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Rodrigues, Daniele Masselli 1972. "Infecção por Cardiovirus (virus da encefalomielite murina de Theiler - TMEV) em colonias convencionais de ratos". [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317119.

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Orientador: Maria Silvia Viccari Gatti
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O vírus da encefalomielite murina de Theiler (TMEV) é um patógeno entérico de camundongos, pertencente ao gênero Cardiovirus da família Picornaviridae. O TMEV é um vírus não envelopado, icosaédrico, com 20 - 30 nm e genoma constituído de RNA fita simples com polaridade positiva. Os TMEV têm sido classificados em dois subgrupos, de acordo com sua atividade biológica após inoculação intracerebral. Cepas neurovirulentas (GDVII e FA) induzem uma encefalite aguda e fatal, enquanto aquelas de baixa virulência (TO, WW, DA e BeAn) persistem no sistema nervoso central, induzindo doença crônica, caracterizada por desmielinização. A infecção natural por TMEV tem sido demonstrada em colônias onvencionais de camundongos e, em sua maioria, a infecção é assintomática. Embora o TMEV seja descrito como um patógeno de camundongos, anticorpos para TMEV-GDVII têm sido detectados em soros de ratos provenientes de biotérios que mantêm colônias convencionais. A prevalência da infecção por TMEV-GDVII nestas colônias de ratos é alta, em torno de 54,6%. Assim, este trabalho teve por finalidade demonstrar, por métodos sorológicos e molecular, a infecção natural por TMEV em colônias de ratos. Soros destes animais foram analisados pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta e a presença de anticorpos anti-TMEV-GDVII foi detectada em 86,3% deles. Ao mesmo tempo, pelo teste de soroneutralização, 77,2% destes soros demonstraram anticorpos neutralizantes para TMEV-GDVII. Com o objetivo de isolar o vírus de ratos, sistemas ¿in vitro¿ e ¿in vivo¿ foram utilizados. Nove passagens sucessivas de amostras de suspensão intestinal foram feitas em células BHK-21 e não foi possível demonstrar efeito citopático. Sinais clínicos da infecção por TMEV em camundongos, ou seja, paralisia das patas posteriores e tremores, foram demonstrados em camundongos e ratos neonatos inoculados com suspensão intestinal de ratos soropositivos e com a cepa padrão de TMEV-GDVII. Os resultados da RT-PCR demonstraram a presença de RNA viral em amostras de cérebro de ratos inoculados com a suspensão intestinal, com TMEV-GDVII e nas amostras de fezes de ratos provenientes de diferentes biotérios convencionais. Os resultados demonstram que ratos se infectam naturalmente por TMEV e, embora hajam poucas descrições na literatura da interferência deste vírus em pesquisas biomédicas, a monitoração sanitária para TMEV em biotérios que mantêm colônias de ratos deve ser incluída
Abstract: Theiler¿s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is an enteric pathogen of mice and belongs to the Cardiovirus genus in the family Picornaviridae. TMEV is a non-enveloped, icosaedric virus with 20 ¿ 30 nm size and it has an RNAss positive sense genome. TMEV has been divided in two subgroups on the basis of their biological activities after intracerebral inoculation. Neurovirulent strains (GDVII and FA) causes an acute and fatal encephalitis in mice and in contrast, low neurovirulent strains (DA, BeAn 8386, WW and TO) causes a persistent infection in the central nervous system and produce a chronic disease characterized by demyelination. TMEV infection with low neurovirulent strains has been used as an experimental model to help the studies on demyelination process induced by virus infection and to study diseases as Multiple Sclerosis. The natural infection by TMEV has been related in conventional colonies of mice and it¿s frequently asymptomatic. Although TMEV has been described as a pathogen of mice, antibodies against TMEV-GDVII has been detected in serum of rats reared in non-barrier colonies. Facing this, the purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the natural infection of TMEV in rat colonies through serological and molecular methods (RT-PCR). The rat serum were analysed by indirect immunofluorescence assay and antibodies against TMEV-GDVII were detected in 86,3% of the serum analysed. In the neutralization assay, 77,2% of the same serum showed neutralizing antibodies anti TMEVGDVII. To further isolate this rat virus, ¿in vitro¿ and ¿in vivo¿ systems were used. Nine blinded passages of the intestinal suspension were realized in BHK-21 cells, but no citopathic effect was identified. Clinical signs of TMEV infection in mice were characterized by flaccid paralisis of hind legs and tremor when newborn rats and mice were inoculated with intestinal suspension of seropositive rats and with the prototype strain of TMEV-GDVII. The RT-PCR results showed the RNA genome in the brain samples of rats and mice inoculated both with the intestinal suspension and the prototype strain. In the fecal samples, the RNA genome was also detected. In summary, rats can be naturally infected by TMEV and although there are a few examples in the literature of TMEV infection interference with biomedical researches, a health monitoring program for TMEV should be included in the rat colonies
Mestrado
Microbiologia
Genetica e Biologia Molecular

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Fraga, Rogerio de. "Alterações quantitativas das fibras nervosas na parede vesical de ratas ooforectomizadas : estudo estereologico". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308660.

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Orientador: Cassio Luis Zanettini Riccetto, Paulo Cesar Rodrigues Palma
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: O período após a menopausa é associado com elevada incidência de sintomas no trato urinário baixo. Dentre os principais, destaca-se a síndrome da bexiga hiperativa e infecções urinárias recorrentes. Há uma dificuldade para separar os fatores relacionados à senescência daqueles associados com a menopausa, que podem interferir no aparecimento das disfunções miccionais na mulher idosa. A alteração mais significativa na menopausa é a deprivação estrogênica. Esta condição tem sugerido a indicação de estrogenioterapia no período pós-menopausa, com a finalidade de reduzir a sintomatologia urinária. Porém, as repercussões do hipoestrogenismo no trato urinário inferior ainda permanecem por ser estabelecidas. Este estudo foi conduzido utilizando-se 40 ratas Wistar (3 meses de idade) divididas em 4 grupos de 10 animais: Grupo 1: controle; Grupo 2: submetido à ooforectomia bilateral e após 4 semanas iniciada reposição sub-cutânea diária de 17 ß-estradiol durante 12 semanas; Grupo 3: procedimento SHAM e após 4 semanas iniciada reposição diária sub-cutânea de óleo de sésamo por 12 semanas e Grupo 4: submetidas à ooforectomia bilateral e sacrificadas após 12 semanas sem reposição hormonal. Foi utilizada técnica de imunohistoquímica para coloração das lâminas com anticorpo policlonal S-100. A aferição da densidade volumétrica das fibras nervosas na parede vesical foi efetuada através da estereologia utilizando-se o sistema ¿ teste G50. As ratas do Grupo IV, submetidas à ooforectomia sem reposição hormonal, apresentaram densidade volumétrica de fibras nervosas menor que os outros grupos (p<0.001 - teste de Newman-Keuls). Nos outros parâmetros analisados não houve diferença. A ooforectomia bilateral, em ratas, causou diminuição da densidade volumétrica de fibras nervosas vesicais. A administração de estradiol, no grupo castrado, apresentou diferença significativa nos parâmetros estereológicos analisados, em relação aos animais castrados sem reposição (p<0,001)
Abstract: The postmenopausal period is associated with a high incidence of symptoms in the lower urinary tract. The main urological bladder symptoms are urge incontinence and recurring urinary tract infections. It is hard to separate the influence of aging from that of menopause when studying the etiology of dysfunction in elderly women. The most significant result of menopause is estrogen deprivation. This fact has led to the use of hormonal replacement in postmenopausal women with lower urinary tract dysfunction. However, the best treatment in terms of type, dosage and method of estrogen administration has still not been defined. This study was conducted on 40 Wistar rats (3 months old). Group 1: remained intact; Group 2: underwent bilateral ovariectomy and after 4 weeks daily replacement of 17 ß-estradiol for 12 weeks; Group 3: sham operated and after 4 weeks daily replacement of sesame oil for 12 weeks and Group 4: underwent bilateral ovariectomy and were sacrified after 12 weeks. It was used imunohistochemistry evaluation using S-100 polyclonal antibody to stain the fibers on parafin rat bladder sections. The G50 stereologycal grid system was used to analyze the fibers. Ovariectomy had a decrease effect on the volumetric density of the neural fibers in the bladder wall. Estradiol replacement in castrated animals demonstrated a significative difference in the stereological parameters when compared to the castrated group without hormonal replacement. Long-term estrogen deprivation caused significant changes in bladder innervation, which can be characterized by a decreased number of nerves fibers by 65% (p<0.001)
Doutorado
Cirurgia
Doutor em Cirurgia

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Peruzzo, Daiane Cristina. "Impacto do estresse na doença periodontal". [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289104.

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Orientadores: Getulio da Rocha Nogueira Filho, Francisco Humberto Nociti Junior
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Estudos em animais e epidemiológicos têm sugerido que o estresse pode alterar o estabelecimento e a progressão da doença periodontal (DP). Entretanto, dados relacionados ao efeito do estresse e seus mecanismos envolvidos na DP ainda são limitados. Os objetivos deste estudos foram: i) revisar sistematicamente a literatura sobre a influência do estresse crônico (EC) na DP; ii) analisar o impacto do EC induzido em ratos na progressão da DP e na regulação de genes relacionados à progressão da doença, bem como na alteração dos biomarcadores do estresse (catecolaminas e corticoesterona); iii) avaliar a viabilidade do uso da droga metirapone (MT), como um modelo experimental em ratos, para inibir a produção de glicocorticóides (GC), determinando, assim, o efeito do EC nos tecidos periodontais. Para a revisão sistemática, foi realizada uma busca na literatura e os dados dos estudos foram extraídos e avaliados por dois revisores independentes. Para os trabalhos em animais, foram realizados experimentos em ratos machos, Wistar, divididos em grupos com 20 animais cada: controle, DP induzida por ligadura, DP + EC (restrição de movimento e isolamento, 12h/dia) e DP + EC + administração de MT (3 doses/dia de 50mg/Kg). Após 30 dias todos os animais foram sacrificados. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para mensurar os biomarcadores do EC, o tecido marginal, ao redor dos sítios com e sem ligaduras foi coletado para avaliar a expressão de genes por meio de PCRq (Reação de Polimerase em Cadeia quantitativa) e as mandíbulas foram removidas e fixadas para mensuração histométrica da perda óssea interradicular (POI). Análise dos dados demonstrou que: i) a maioria dos estudos analisados apresentaram um desfecho positivo entre EC e DP; ii) os biomarcadores do estresse, na presença de EC, podem localmente modular a DP por meio de um aumento local nas proporções dos genes pró-inflamatórios e pró-reabsorção, favorecendo, assim a destruição óssea periodontal; e, iii) a administração de MT resultou num importante efeito na redução dos níveis sistêmicos de GC, entretanto, pode-se observar que a administração da droga alterou a expressão de fatores importantes na modulação da DP e conseqüentemente refletiu nos níveis de POI. Dentro dos limites deste estudo, pode-se concluir que o EC significativamente apresenta uma relação com a DP e o aumento local de fatores pró-inflamatórios e pró-reabsorção pode ser o mecanismo envolvido na progressão da doença. Além disso, a administração de MT é capaz de reduzir os níveis sistêmicos de GC, entretanto, modula a expressão de fatores relacionados à progressão da DP, resultando em POI
Abstract: Animal and epidemiological studies have suggested that stress may modify the establishment and progression of periodontal disease (PD). However, data regarding the effect of stress and the mechanisms involved in PD are limited. The aim of this study was: i) to review systematically the literature about the influence of chronic stress (CS) on PD ii) to evaluate the impact of CS, induced in rats, in the progression of PD and regulation of genes related to the disease progression, as well as the variations of stress biomarkers (cathecolamines e corticoesterone); iii) to evaluate the feasibility of the use of metyrapone (MT) as an experimental model to inhibit glucocorticoid (GC) production and, therefore, as a method to determine the effect of CS on periodontal tissues. A systematic literature search was performed and the data of the studies were independently extracted and evaluated by two reviewers. The animal studies were carried out on male Wistar rats assigned to 3 groups with 20 animals each: control, PD induced by ligature; PD associated with CS (restraint stress and isolation, 12 h/day) and PD + CS + MT administration (3 daily doses, 50mg/Kg). After 30 days, all animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were obtained and the concentrations of corticosterone and catecholamines measured as biomarkers of CS, marginal tissues around ligated and non-ligated teeth were harvested and gene expression assessed by qPCR (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) and the jaws were removed and fixed to histometrically determine the interradicular bone loss (IBL). Data analysis demonstrated that: i) the majority of the studies showed a positive outcome between CS and PD; ii) the stress biomarkers may locally modulate PD by an increase of the local ratio of pro-inflammatory and pro-resorptive genes, thus favoring tissue destruction; and, iii) MT administration resulted in an important lowering effect of GC systemic levels, however, it could be observed that MT administration modified the expression of important factors which modulate PD, and consequently reflected the IBL. Within the limits of this study, it may be speculated that CS has a significant relationship with PD and the local increase in pro-inflammatory and pro-resorptive factors can be the mechanisms involved in disease progression. Moreover, MT administration is able to lower systemic levels of GC, however, it modulates the expression of factors related to periodontitis progression, resulting in IBL
Doutorado
Periodontia
Doutor em Clínica Odontológica

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Chancellor, Deborah. Rats. Mankato, Minn: Black Rabbit Books, 2009.

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Legg, Gerald. Rats. New York: Franklin Watts, 2003.

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Zindel, Paul. Rats. London: Hodder Children's, 1999.

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McNicholas, June. Rats. 2^a ed. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2010.

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McNicholas, June. Rats. 2^a ed. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2010.

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Hutchins, Pat. Rats! New York: Greenwillow Books, 1989.

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Powell, E. Sandy. Rats. Minneapolis, Minn: Lerner Publications, 1994.

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Luczak, James Edward. Rats. Woodstock, Ill: Dramatic Pub., 1992.

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Cutler, Jane. Rats! New York: Scholastic, 1997.

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Mancini, Julie R. Rats. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H. Publications, 2009.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Rats"

Andersen, Monica Levy, Renata Mázaro e Costa e Marcos Fernando Oliveira e Costa. "Rats". In Rodent Model as Tools in Ethical Biomedical Research, 61–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11578-8_7.

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Banks, Ron E., Julie M. Sharp, Sonia D. Doss e Deborah A. Vanderford. "Rats". In Exotic Small Mammal Care and Husbandry, 81–92. Ames, Iowa, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119265405.ch7.

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Lorenz, Konrad. "Rats". In On Aggression, 134–40. 2^a ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003209249-10.

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Rosenthal, R., e K. L. Fode. "Dull Rats and Bright Rats". In Introducing Psychological Research, 402–7. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24483-6_60.

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Cools, Alexander R., e B. Ellenbroek. "Wistar Rats". In Advances in Behavioral Biology, 493–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0194-1_59.

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Mullins, John J., Gillian Brooker e Linda J. Mullins. "Transgenic Rats". In Transgenic Animals, 7–9. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211099-5.

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Majdic, Gregor. "Emphatic Rats". In Fascinating Life Sciences, 167–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67212-6_21.

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Clayton, John, e Diana Beljaars. "“Park Rats”". In Civic Spaces and Desire, 115–20. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351184137-8.

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McGuire, Molly. "Empathy in Rats". In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_492-1.

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Fairbairns, ZoË. "The Wrong Rats". In Women and Social Policy, 33–43. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17956-5_4.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Rats"

Ballard, Trevor, Carsten Griwodz, Ralf Steinmetz e Amr Rizk. "RATS". In MMSys '19: 10th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3304109.3323837.

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Merdes, Matthias, Rainer Malaka, Dima Suliman, Barbara Paech, Daniel Brenner e Colin Atkinson. "Ubiquitous RATs". In the 6th international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1210525.1210538.

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Zhang, Haohan, Tatiana Luna, Lillian Yang, John Martin e Sunil Agrawal. "RATS: A Robotic Arm Training System Designed for Rats". In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22548.

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Abstract This paper presents a novel robotic system to characterize and retrain reaching in rats. This robot is intended to be a research platform for rehabilitation of forelimb movements in rats. In this paper, we focus on the design of this robotic system. We present the design requirements, mathematical models, and details of the physical device. A parallel mechanism with a special alignment of the component chains is used to accommodate observed reaching motions of a rat’s forelimb. Additionally, we demonstrate the use of this robot to record forelimb trajectories. Three healthy rats were used to record repeated reaching motions while the robot applied nearly zero force. We believe that this robotic system can be used in future training studies with rats who have impaired arm motions due to a neurological insult.

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Sinclair, Matthew D., Johnathan Alsop e Sarita V. Adve. "Chasing Away RAts". In ISCA '17: The 44th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3079856.3080206.

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Lippman, Seth, e Karl Coyner. "rats ad infinitum". In ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Sketches. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1179849.1179870.

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Tsagkaropoulos, Michail, Ilias Politis, Christos Tselios, Tasos Dagiuklas e Stavros Kotsopoulos. "Service continuity over intertechnology RATs". In 2011 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/camad.2011.5941098.

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Gavrilov, Vladimir, e Elena Eshtokina. "EMPATHY IN RATS: EEG-CORRELATES". In XVI International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m990.sudak.ns2020-16/138.

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Gavrilov, Vladimir. "INSIGHT-LIKE LEARNING IN RATS". In XVII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2080.sudak.ns2021-17/103-104.

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Tsuruta, Masashi, David Jaw, Joseph Kim, Yeni Oh, Koichi Suda, Sheena Tam, Yuexin Li, Samuel Lichtenstein, S. P. Man e Don Sin. "Unilateral Emphysema Model In Rats". In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2451.

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Wan Mingxia, Huang Xuan, Ni Huasheng e Kong Bin. "Rats' navigation control scheme in a mobile ad hoc network based on multi-rats". In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5691917.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Rats"

Christensen, Marc, Fouad Kiamelev, Michael Haney, Charlie Kuznia e Stephen Crago. RATS: Reactive Architectures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, setembro de 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada426807.

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Ivanov, Dimitar, e Katerina Todorova. Multiple Forms of Serum Sialyltransferase in Normal Rats and Rats Bearing Zajdela Hepatoma. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, setembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.09.08.

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Birkholz, H., D. Thaler, M. Richardson, N. Smith e W. Pan. Remote ATtestation procedureS (RATS) Architecture. RFC Editor, janeiro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc9334.

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Harn, Gam Lay. Urinary Protein Profile Changes in Diabetic Rats and Pre-diabetic Rats Fed with High Fat Diets. Biomedpress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/arr.2019.2.

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Thornton-Manning, J. R., J. A. Hotchkiss e Xinxin Ding. Nasal cytochrome P4502A: Identification in rats and humans. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dezembro de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/381365.

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Tapley, S. R., J. S. Ramsdell e D. Xi. The neurological effects of brevetoxin on neonatal rats. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dezembro de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/121307.

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Lent, Emily M., e Lee C. Crouse. Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of Periodate in Rats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, novembro de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611100.

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Mattie, David R., Jeffrey W. Fisher, Pedro A. Ortiz e Laurence D. Fechter. Evaluation of Jet Fuel Induced Hearing Loss in Rats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, outubro de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564146.

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Mast, T. J., R. J. Weigel, R. B. Westerberg, P. J. Boyd, B. K. Hayden, J. J. Evanoff e R. L. Rommereim. Inhalation developmental toxicology studies: Acetonitrile in rats. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), fevereiro de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10133391.

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Daskalova, Elena, Slavi Delchev, Pavel Rashev, Desislava Ankova, Despina Pupaki, Lyudmila Vladimirova-Kitova e Marin Kanarev. Aronia melanocarpa Supplementation and Thymic Age Alterations in Rats. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.08.07.

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