Bibliografias temáticas / Railroads – United States – Fiction

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Railroads – United States – Fiction"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

Última modificação: 30 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Railroads – United States – Fiction"

Allen, John G., e Gregory L. Newmark. "Sustainability without Subsidy: Public Case for Vertically Integrated Rail Oligopolies for Freight". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, n.º 12 (1 de julho de 2019): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119843861.

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Maintaining rail freight networks without subsidy is an important transportation policy concern. Today’s vertically integrated rail oligopolies (VIROs) in the United States, Canada, and Mexico have enabled rail freight to be commercially self-sustaining. A combination of favorable geography involving a choice of railroads for most longer hauls and commercial freedom for railroads to set prices without prior regulatory approval have helped create a situation in which North American freight railroads are self-sustaining without government subsidies. This research examines the development of VIROs in the United States, Canada, and Mexico today. A largely hands-off policy, combined with a willingness to allow railroads to accumulate enough money to maintain their physical plants to high standards, have led to today’s major freight railroad duopolies in the eastern and western United States, Canada, and Mexico. Despite some complaints from shipper interests, today’s VIROs are largely stable (with the possible exception of broader policy changes in Mexico). Lawmakers and regulators should ensure that any future mergers do not adversely affect the performance of what has thus far been a largely satisfactory model.

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Healey, Richard G. "Railroads and Immigration in the Northeast United States 1850-1900". Geography Compass 6, n.º 8 (agosto de 2012): 455–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2012.00501.x.

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Frydman, Carola, e Eric Hilt. "Investment Banks as Corporate Monitors in the Early Twentieth Century United States". American Economic Review 107, n.º 7 (1 de julho de 2017): 1938–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20150143.

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We study the effect of financial relationships on firms' investment decisions and access to external finance. In the early twentieth century, securities underwriters commonly held directorships with American corporations. Section 10 of the Clayton Antitrust Act prohibited bankers from serving on the boards of railroads for which they underwrote securities. We find that following the implementation of Section 10, railroads with strong preexisting relationships with underwriters saw declines in their investment rates, valuations, and leverage, and increases in their costs of external funds. Reassuringly, we do not observe similar effects among industrials and utilities, which were not subject to Section 10. Our results are consistent with underwriters on corporate boards acting as delegated monitors, and highlight the potential for regulations intended to address conflicts of interest to disrupt valuable information flows. (JEL G24, G31, G32, G34, K22, N21, N22)

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Gurney, Brian, e Joshua P. Hill. "Leveraging Railroad Land Grants and the Benefits Accruing in The New Economic Landscape". Journal of Transportation Management 30, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jotm/1561953900.

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Unlike most companies, the major railroads in the United States have proven highly resilient to the vicissi- tudes of the market. We argue that this is due neither to the unique nature of rail haulage nor to superior management acumen. Rather this solidity is due to an immense wealth transfer to the railroads in the nine- teenth century that has dramatic impacts in the present. Moreover, the government protection and encouragement that rail grants represent did not end in the nineteenth century. It continues and represents an intangible asset that, while not on railroads’ balance sheet, is very real indeed.

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Brose, Eric Dorn, e Colleen A. Dunlavy. "Politics and Industrialization: Early Railroads in the United States and Prussia." American Historical Review 100, n.º 2 (abril de 1995): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2169017.

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Brophy, James M., e Colleen A. Dunlavy. "Politics and Industrialization: Early Railroads in the United States and Prussia". German Studies Review 18, n.º 3 (outubro de 1995): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1431818.

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Stover, John F., e Colleen A. Dunlavy. "Politics and Industrialization: Early Railroads in the United States and Prussia." Journal of American History 82, n.º 1 (junho de 1995): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081999.

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Berk, Gerald, e Colleen A. Dunlavy. "Politics and Industrialization: Early Railroads in the United States and Prussia". Technology and Culture 36, n.º 3 (julho de 1995): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3107268.

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Majewski, John, e Colleen A. Dunlavy. "Politics and Industrialization: Early Railroads in the United States and Prussia". Journal of the Early Republic 15, n.º 1 (1995): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3124411.

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Berk, Gerald. "Adversaries by Design: Railroads and the American State, 1887–1916". Journal of Policy History 5, n.º 3 (julho de 1993): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600007259.

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It has become commonplace to acknowledge the exceptionally adversarial nature of business-government relations in the United States. When compared to their counterparts in Germany, France, Japan, and the Nordic countries, American business executives have much more autonomy from the state; and yet, there is also greater distrust between business and government. Such adversarial relations, many students of comparative political economy argue, puts the United States in the late twentieth century at a disadvantage. Faced with competitors in the world market who cooperate with their respective governments on investment, training, and long-term sectoral development, American corporations compete in global markets under a considerable handicap.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Railroads – United States – Fiction"

Besar, Agus. "The CSX line development plan (a guideline for conversion of rails to trails)". Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845974.

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This creative project presents guidelines for Rail to Trail Conversion. A preliminary plan for conversion of the CSX running from Richmond County through Delaware County, and ending in Marion County, Indiana, is presented as a case study. The line, which connects several communities and several points of interest along the railroad right-of-way, has been requested for abandonment.To keep the line for interim public use, one of the possibilities is to convert the line to trail use. The trail corridor might create a good linkage between several adjacent places, because it provides various recreational zones along the former railroad right-ofway. There will be two different kinds of trail corridor-urban and rural trail. The distinction between the two will be one of use, urban trails will be used for daily activities and rural trails usually used primarily during weekends, holidays, and vacation time.The development of trail corridor will also encourage movement of people foreither cycling or walking. Campgrounds, wildlife watching stations, scenic overlook areas, trailheads, and outdoor fitness centers are the most common auxiliary components associated with trail development. Wherever the improvement passes through communities, the communities will benefit from the improvement of retailing activities. Each improvement requires certain criteria of location and land surface.Rail to trail conversion is a costly project. In order to make the project easier and economically feasible, the project should encourage more individuals, private organizations, and public agencies to get involved with the conservation. Local newspapers, broadcast on local radio and television, and interest group workshops are the most effective means of developing support. Time is critical in developing succesful rail to trail conversion. The project should be implemented as soon as the railroad has been abandoned, in order to prevent the tracks reverting to adjacent landowners.
Department of Urban Planning

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Bruneau, Jonathan M. "Antitrust law enforcement within the U.S. airline industry : fact or fiction?" Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22505.

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The overriding theme of this thesis concerns the level of antitrust enforcement within the U.S. airline industry by the agencies entrusted with this task.
After a brief Introduction, Chapter I will examine whether concentration within the U.S. airline industry is a natural phenomenon or an ordinary monopoly/oligopoly resulting from the behaviour of competitors. In concluding that a natural monopoly/oligopoly does not exist, Chapter II will analyse the policy being antitrust enforcement in the industry.
Chapter III will then use the implementation of S 408 of the Federal Aviation Act (FAA) by the Department of Transportation (DOT) as an example of such a policy. Finally, the remaining chapters are dedicated to an analysis of the CRS industry. By using this industry as an example, the writer will suggest that, by removing barriers to entry through aggressive use of S 411 of the FAA, the future may see new entrants enter the market. Emphasis will be placed on the attitude of the DOT in this regard.

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Vinje, Daniel Martin 1959. "The Effects of Deregulation on Rail Rates: A Study on Wheat, Barley, Corn, Oat, and Soybean". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29868.

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Although the original intent of this study was to do a pre-and post-deregulation assessment of rail rates per ton-mile, the results using post-deregulation data show a significant decrease in rail rates between 1981 and 2000. While accounting for changes in shipment characteristics, savings for wheat, barley, com, oat, and soybean shippers were 63.80%, 69.17%, 49.07%, 67.97%, and 59.36%, respectively. Rate savings over time for an average 1981 shipment were 45%, 55%, 38%, 45%, and 36% for wheat, barley, com, oat, and soybean shippers, respectively. Analysis regarding the effects of deregulation of rail rates on com, soybean, and wheat on a regional basis shows that rail rates not only differ across commodities, but also among regions. In general, it was found that grain producers within regions that had higher levels of intermodal competition had lower rates than their counterparts with lower levels of intermodal competition. Distribution of benefits as a result of market-based pricing has varied among regions, and these variances are increasing over time.

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Ziemke, Dominik. "Comparison of high-speed rail systems for the United States". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37286.

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After decades of standstill in intercity passenger rail in the United States, the Obama administration recently started major initiatives to implement high-speed ground transportation projects that are expected to improve the nation's transportation system significantly, addressing most prevailing issues like congestion and energy prices while having positive effects on the economy. This study evaluates and compares two high-speed ground transportation systems that have the potential to improve intercity passenger transportation in the United States significantly: the wheel-on-rail high-speed system and the high-speed maglev system. Both high-speed ground transportation systems were evaluated with respect to 58 characteristics organized into 7 categories associated with technology, environmental impacts, economic considerations, user-friendliness, operations, political factors, and safety. Based on the performance of each system in each of the 58 characteristics, benefit values were assigned. In order to weight the relative importance of the different characteristics, a survey was conducted with transportation departments and transportation professionals. The survey produced weighting factors scoring each of the 58 characteristics and the 7 categories. Applying a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, the overall utility values for either system were calculated based on the benefit values from the systems comparison and the weighting factors from the survey. It was shown that the high-speed maglev system is generally slightly superior over the wheel-on-rail high-speed system. Because the magnitude of the difference in the overall performance of both transportation systems is not very big, it is recommended that every project in the high-speed intercity passenger transportation market consider both HSGT systems equally.

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Davies, Richard Blaine Davies Richard Blaine. "Historical fiction makes American history come to life!" [Boise, Idaho : Boise State University, 2002. http://education.boisestate.edu/bdavies.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Boise State University, 2002.
Web site. Master's project includes an explanatory text and CD-ROM entitled: Historical fiction : a web site supporting secondary U.S. history courses of study-Idaho Department of Education. Includes bibliographical references.

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Ge, Liang, e 葛亮. "A thematic study of the immigrants' fiction of Yan Geling". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26652845.

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Yang, Kaibin, e 阳开斌. "Imperialist civilizing mission of Uncle Tom's Cabin and history of itsChinese rewriting". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47250975.

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This thesis is a revisionist study of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a renowned American classic by Mrs. Stowe, and its Chinese translations. Thematically refreshing the novel as imperialist, I intend to therefore shed new lights in appreciating its century-long journey across China by studying two definitive rewritings of the original, heinu yutian lu （《黑奴吁天?》）from late Qing and heinu hen（《黑奴恨》）from the 1960s. The thesis structurally contains four parts. Chapter 1 introduces the project generally. Chapter 2 studies the original text and chapter 3 and 4 the two Chinese translated texts respectively. Re-reading of the original is crucial. Inspired by Edward Said’s efforts in connecting western culture and Imperialism, I established civilizing mission as core of the black narrative in Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a novel widely celebrated as masterpiece of abolitionist literature. My argument is based on textual analysis. I will argue that evangelization of Africa, rather than abolition of slavery, had been Stowe’s fundamental concern in building Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and it is exactly driven by this civilizing mission that she dictated the roles of the novel’s two leading black characters, Uncle Tom and George Harris. Tom, the Christian martyr, is to prove Africans’ capability of getting civilized; Harris, Stowe’s Christian patriot, is the pioneer of colonizing Africa into a new world of Christian and American civilization. Reestablishing the original as such, I interpret the novel’s travel to 20th century China a historical event: an Imperialist novel goes by an Imperialism-fighting country in an Imperialist age. Therefore forces a long-ignored question: how had Chinese translators responded? How the response developed? This question can be best answered by looking into heinu yutian lu and heinu hen, two texts that represent respectively the beginning and the ending of Chinese critical treatment of the original in translating. And I will form my answer by analyzing the Chinese rewriting of the images of Uncle Tom and Harris, for they in the original are responsible for execution of the civilizing mission. Translating under a crucial circumstance of imperial crisis, Lin Shu and Wei Yi, the producers of heinu yutian lu, aimed to promote the ideology of “ loving the country and preserving the race”（??保种）.While presenting the black sufferings as faithful even exaggerated as possible, they consistently infiltrated the novel’s Christianity. And it is this strategy of de-Christianization that undermined the original’s imperialist design. After the translation, both Tom and Harris adopted a new face. The former was still a noble Negro only based on Chinese virtues, and the latter kept well his patriotic passion, but not for Christian civilization, rather purely for Africa. Intervention of the original’s civilizing mission climbed to a higher level as in the case of heinu hen, a drama adaptation by Ouyang yuqian in the radical 1960s. With Marxist class struggle being the guiding principle, Christian humanitarianism of the original was heavily criticized, and the black image reshaped dramatically. With Tom being portrayed as a slave that gradually woke up to his class consciousness, Harris was transformed into a revolutionary hero.
published_or_final_version
Chinese
Master
Master of Philosophy

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Molin, Peter Castle. "Middling fiction Antebellum magazine story style, substance, and sensibility /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3276693.

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Riccardelli, Charlie Frank. "The Hoboken War Bride: A Novel". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248470/.

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The Hoboken War Bride is a work of historical fiction set in Hoboken, New Jersey during World War II. A young soldier named Daniel and an aspiring actress named Hildy marry days after meeting, though the marriage is doomed to fail. This young couple is not compatible. Daniel ships out to basic training the day after their hasty marriage, leaving Hildy behind with his family, the Anellos, who she quickly becomes attached to. Hildy is exposed to family in a way she had never lived with her own, embracing them even though she doubts she'll ever have a future with Daniel. When Daniel returns after the end of the war, the young couple try to make their marriage work, but it fails almost immediately. Both Hildy and Daniel struggle to pick themselves up after their divorce, finding themselves making choices they never thought they would when they were younger.

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Finch, Edward F. Holsinger M. Paul. "An hour or two using naval fiction in the United States history course /". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9960413.

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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1999.
Title from title page screen, viewed July 26, 2006. Dissertation Committee: M. Paul Holsinger (chair), Lawrence W. McBride, John B. Freed, Steven E. Kagle. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-239) and abstract. Also available in print.

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Mais fontes

Livros sobre o assunto "Railroads – United States – Fiction"

Wetterer, Margaret K. Kate Shelley y el tren de medianoche. Minneapolis: Lerner, 2006.

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Yep, Laurence. Dragon's gate. New York: HarperCollins, 1993.

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Yep, Laurence. Dragon's gate. New York: HarperTrophy, 2001.

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Blockson, Charles L. Ballad of the Underground Railroad. AuthorHouse, 2008.

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Anderson, Beth, e Jenn Harney. Smelly Kelly and His Super Senses: How James Kelly's Nose Saved the New York City Subway. Boyds Mills Press, 2020.

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author, Johnstone J. A., ed. Edge of violence. Kensington Publishing Corporation, 2016.

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Wetterer, Margaret K. Kate Shelley and the Midnight Express. Live Oak Media, 2004.

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Wetterer, Margaret K. Kate Shelley and the midnight express. Harcourt, 2000.

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McDowell, Lawson. Omaha Gold: A Story of the Transcontinental Railroad. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2010.

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Day I Saw the Hummingbird: A Novel. Early Girl Enterprises, 2017.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Railroads – United States – Fiction"

Moore, Geoffrey. "Fiction and Poetry since 1918". In The United States, 410–57. 2^a ed. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003476887-12.

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Macdonald, Kate, e Richard Bleiler. "Canada And The United States." In Political Future Fiction Vol 1, 39–49. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003550785-6.

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Oakley, Helen. "Chicano Fiction". In A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction, 147–58. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444310108.ch12.

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Olster, Stacey. "Trash Fiction". In A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction, 195–206. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444310108.ch16.

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Monteith, Sharon. "Southern Fiction". In A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction, 84–95. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444310108.ch7.

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Macdonald, Kate, e Richard Bleiler. "The United States Prior To 1890." In Political Future Fiction Vol 1, 21–35. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003550785-4.

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Hamilton, Cynthia S. "U.S. Detective Fiction". In A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction, 122–34. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444310108.ch10.

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Seed, David. "Black Humor Fiction". In A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction, 159–70. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444310108.ch13.

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Bertens, Hans. "Postmodern U.S. Fiction". In A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction, 48–59. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444310108.ch4.

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Brauner, David. "Jewish American Fiction". In A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction, 96–108. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444310108.ch8.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Railroads – United States – Fiction"

Schlesinger, Dave. "Noteworthy Rail Accidents". In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6259.

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Travel by rail in the United States is one of the safest modes of transportation available. On the rare occasion that major accidents do occur, they represent an opportunity for railroads to learn what has happened and what needs to be done to prevent reoccurrence. This paper provides several, detailed case studies of noteworthy passenger and rail transit accidents that have occurred in the United States, from the 1960s to the present. It discusses the outcome of these accidents, including changes that were implemented due to lessons learned. It also discusses unique and/or noteworthy aspects of each accident.

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Zhang, Zhipeng, Xiang Liu e Zheyong Bian. "Analysis of Restricted Speed Related Train Accidents in the United States, 2000 to 2016". In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6129.

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Railroads contribute to the national economy by carrying over 40% of intercity freight ton-miles in the United States. Train accidents cause damage to infrastructure and rolling stock, disrupt operations, and have the potential to result in casualties and damage the environment. A clear understanding and analysis of accident risk based on historical accidents can support the development and prioritization of effective accident prevention strategies. While extensive previous studies have focused on the safety risks associated with a variety of train operation conditions, much less work has been undertaken to evaluate train risk and safety under restricted speeds. As defined in 49 CFR 236 Subpart G, restricted speed is a speed that permits stopping within one-half the range of vision, but not exceeding 20 miles per hour. Nevertheless, some severe accidents at restricted speeds occurred in the last few years and are also highlighted in both NTSB and FRA reports. In this paper, we develop a quantitative analysis of restricted-speed accidents occurring between 2000 and 2016, based on the data from the U.S. Federal Railroad Administration. While overall accident rates have been proven to decline in prior studies, the preliminary results show that the rate of train accidents under restricted speeds fluctuates in the study period, without a significant increasing or decreasing trend. Furthermore, the distribution of restricted-speed accident severity, accident risk, and other pertinent characteristics are covered in this study.

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Molina Camargo, Luis Fernando, J. Riley Edwards e Christopher P. L. Barkan. "Emerging Condition Monitoring Technologies for Railway Track Components and Special Trackwork". In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56113.

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North American Railroads and the United States Department of Transportation (US DOT) Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) require periodic inspection of railway infrastructure to ensure the safety of railway operation. Tracks that are subjected to heavy haul or high-speed traffic necessitate frequent inspection and more stringent maintenance requirements, but present railroads with less time to accomplish it. The international railroad community has undertaken significant research to develop innovative applications for advanced technologies with the objective of improving the process of visual track inspection. Some of these technologies are currently in use or under development for a variety of railroad inspection tasks, both wayside and mobile. This paper presents an overview of different systems for condition monitoring applications for inspection of railway components. These technologies, in conjunction with defect analysis and comparison with historical data, will enhance the ability for longer-term predictive assessment of the health of the track system and its components, more informed and proactive maintenance strategies, and improved understanding of track structure degradation and failure modes.

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Girshick, Fred W. "Possible Effects of Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel in Locomotives". In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44278.

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Diesel fuel with a maximum of 500 parts per million sulfur became mandatory for United States railroads in June 2007, with another reduction to 15 parts per million expected by 2012. These levels are significantly lower than the pre-2007 level of 5000 parts per million maximum. The use of these fuels will have several effects on locomotive engine operation, some good, some bad, and some merely different. This paper examines the possible effects of lower sulfur diesel fuel on locomotive engine operation, shares experiences from other parts of the world when lower sulfur fuel was introduced, and speculates on possible subsequent changes, including lubricant composition and the use of fuel-borne additives.

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Thurston, Leanne. "How Staged Head-On Collisions Changed Public Perception of Railroads". In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1329.

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With any new mode of transportation comes new fears for both the public and those involved in the industry. The advent of the transcontinental railroad was no different. When the transcontinental railroad was complete and trains became more commonplace for travel, the biggest fear became the worst case scenario: a head on collision between two trains. The idea of the head on collision remained the biggest fear of the public because it happened and was based on reality, but was rarely witnessed, which made the idea even more lofty. But with the standardization of time in the 1880’s, there were fewer crashes and collisions of railroads, but people were still afraid. Railroad companies began to brainstorm the best way to change public perception, and began to stage head on collisions open to public viewing for a small fee. Naturally, the idea took off, and head on collisions between trains became the next source of entertainment. For $2, spectators could watch two locomotives crash into each other at speeds of 58 miles an hour in Crush Texas, or even cheaper in Ohio. But this was more than just entertainment. William Crush, the most famous locomotive smasher had actually worked on the railroad known as the Katy. When asked by the executives of the railroad to boost sales, head on collision was his solution. Despite multiple injuries suffered in the crowd from shrapnel and an exploded boiler, this showcase worked, and ridership of the Katy increased dramatically. Crush’s display was not the first, or last time this took place around the country, but it was the most deadly, which makes it the most memorable and begs the question “what role do these staged collisions play in railroad history?” Ridership in the decades leading up to these staged collisions was steadily declining, and safety measures were not taken into consideration. But with these staged collisions that turned around. People, not just the public were able to see and study the different collisions and put minds at ease. But it also tells about the United States population at the time. These staged collisions could not have happened in any other era because of the industrial revolution which allowed railroad companies to begin to replace old locomotives and iron tracks with steel.

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Thurston, David F. "Risk Based Broken Rail Detection on Railways". In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3702.

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There has been a long debate among train control professionals related to broken rail detection; where it is required and how it is achieved. Despite this ongoing discussion, there has been little research in terms of the actual practical application of new technology or risk mitigation approaches since conventional track circuits have been applied to detect broken rails. This paper first looks at conventional broken rail detection as implemented with various track circuit types, then reviews the current research on alternate means of detection throughout the world. The paper will then quantify a risk based approach utilizing existing technologies to mitigate the broken rail requirements currently mandated for higher speed rail systems in the United States. Further, the implications for train control systems for both transit and the general system of railroads will be examined.

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Iden, Michael E., Mark A. Coles e Thomas A. Kennedy. "NOx Reducing and Aftertreatment Technologies for EPA Tier 4 Locomotives: Railroad Perspective and Expectations". In ASME 2010 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2010-42017.

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The year 2015 will be a landmark year in locomotive technology in the United States. Effective January 1st of that year, newly-manufactured U.S. line-haul and switch service (freight-and-passenger) locomotives must be manufactured to meet the fifth level of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emissions regulations since 2000. Achieving those emission levels will require aftertreatment technology in some form. Also effective December 31st of that year, U.S. railroads will be required to have in operation (on much of the rail network)1 a federally-mandated Positive Train Control (PTC) technology for collision avoidance. Class I U.S. freight railroads2 by the end of 2015 will have invested an estimated $5.8 billion in PTC technology, with a major emphasis on interoperability of PTC-equipped locomotives between different railroads. An estimated 17,000 locomotives will be retrofitted or equipped with PTC by the end of 2015 and most if not all newly-manufactured locomotives will be PTC equipped after 2015. For perspective, the U.S. freight railroad investment in PTC is roughly what the Class I railroads have spent the past 4–5 years combined on capital expenditures related to infrastructure expansion. This convergence of two new complex locomotive technologies in 2015 will create a large challenge, especially in locomotive maintainability, for freight railroads. Locomotive builders and aftertreatment suppliers must work together to provide Tier 4 locomotives with minimal impact on railroad operations. U.S. diesel locomotives share a common internal combustion engine technology with most Class 8 over-the-road diesel trucks, but the railroad and locomotive environment is very different from the highway truck environment, and a “cookie cutter” approach to replicating diesel truck aftertreatment on locomotives should be avoided. New EPA Tier 4 diesel locomotives should not be viewed as “Tier 2 or Tier 3 locomotives with truck-type exhaust aftertreatment added”. Baseline reliability of current locomotive designs must also be improved to compensate for the added complexities of both exhaust aftertreatment and PTC. This paper is focused toward educating (1) aftertreatment technology manufacturers and system integrators and (2) locomotive design engineers. The emphasis is on assisting them in understanding the operating and maintenance expectations for Tier 4 aftertreatment-equipped line-haul locomotives, from the perspective of a major freight railroad.

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Morgan, Curtis A., Lisa Loftus-Otway, Nathan M. Hutson e Jeffery E. Warner. "Preservation and Reuse of Abandoned Rail Corridors: Legal and Policy Issues". In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74091.

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The paralleling of existing rail lines in excess right-of-way (R/W) and/or the re-use of corridors first used by railroad companies has long been a method for acquiring linear corridors for other transportation uses. The practice of re-using rail alignments is a logical one given that railroads steered development patterns in the United States prior to the highway era and the corridors that served the railroads also effectively serve existing population centers. The long period of railroad consolidation since the end of World War II resulted in the abandonment and loss of many rail corridors that would now have been extremely valuable for transportation development. Preserving former rail corridors is beneficial to transportation planners at the local and state level, as they can be employed for new transportation uses or multiuse recreational trails. This paper discusses the findings of a multifaceted research project that examined issues associated with acquisition, preservation, and re-use of abandoned rail corridors in Texas. The paper summarizes the legal and policy review that analyzed Texas, Federal, and other state abandonment policies to determine what, if any, changes would be necessary for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to take advantage of future opportunities to acquire and preserve these corridors. The paper also reviews results that identified and documented past Texas rail abandonments and identification of potential uses for existing/prospective abandoned corridors. The paper concludes with an overview of the findings of this study which noted that as the state’s population continues to grow, preserving all potential transportation corridors for rail or alternative uses will grow in importance.

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Gao, Yin, Mike McHenry, Megan Brice e Jay Baillargeon. "Field Investigation of Broken Cut Spikes on Elastic Fasteners Using Instrumented Spikes at FAST". In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8057.

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Abstract Elastic fasteners have been shown to reduce gage widening and decrease the potential for rail roll compared to conventional cut-spike-only systems. For this reason, elastic fastening systems have been installed in high-degree curves on many North American heavy-haul railroads. Field observations in the United States, however, have noted broken cut spikes and screw/drive spikes on this type of fastening system, especially in steep-grade, high-degree curve territories. It was found that spikes typically fracture between 1 to 1.5 inches below the top surface of the ties, making them difficult to detect by visual inspection alone. Notable recent derailments have been attributed to broken spikes as reported by Class I railroads. Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI), as part of a joint program between the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the Association of American Railroads (AAR), completed the initial phase of a study investigating the root cause of these broken cut and screw/drive spikes. Previous research under this joint program has confirmed through metallurgical investigation that material fatigue was the failure mechanism, and subsequent numerical simulation has shown that the bending stress in spikes can exceed the fatigue limit of the spike material. To further investigate the in-track loading environment of spikes, cut spikes instrumented with strain gages were installed in the high-tonnage test loop of the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) at FRA’s Transportation Technology Center The test investigated the loading environment of spikes by considering several in-track conditions. The results showed that the load transferred to spikes during insertion and train passing could cause spike stresses higher than the fatigue limit and therefore lead to the permanent bending of spikes. Moreover, the bending moment was primarily carried by one of the four spikes from the same plate. This paper provides an overview of the development of instrumented spikes as well as the results of the in-track testing using these spikes. The findings from this study will guide future revenue service testing, for which a high-grade, high-curvature location will be considered to further investigate the broken spike issue.

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Zhou, Kang. "Prioritization of Rail Defect Inspection: A Risk-Based Optimization Approach". In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2226.

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Broken rail is the most common type of mainline derailment cause on freight railroads in the United States. Detection and removal of rail defects is important for reducing the risk due to broken-rail-caused derailments. The current practice is to periodically inspect rails using non-destructive technologies, particularly ultrasonic inspection. Determining and prioritizing the frequency of rail defect inspection is an important decision in broken rail risk management. A generalized, risk-based mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is developed which can optimize segment-specific rail defect inspection frequency to minimize route broken rail risk, especially under limited inspection resources. A numerical example to optimize the inspection frequency is used to illustrate the application of the model. The result analysis states that the optimization approach can lead to a risk reduction of broken rail compared to an empirical heuristic that all segments on the same route are tested at an equal frequency. A computer-aided decision making tool called “Rail Risk Optimizer” can be developed and implemented based on this risk-based optimization algorithm that automatically recommend an optimal segment-specific inspection scheduling. The tool will consider the risk factors such as rail age and annual traffic density to determine the segment-specific risk level. The research methodology and the practice-ready optimization tool can aid the railroad industry to mitigate broken rail risk in a cost-efficient manner.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Railroads – United States – Fiction"

Kamena, Gene C. United Nations Command and Control of United States Peacekeepers; Fact or Fiction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, fevereiro de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada340612.

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Haines, Michael, e Robert Margo. Railroads and Local Economic Development: The United States in the 1850s. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, julho de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12381.

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Atack, Jeremy, Michael Haines e Robert Margo. Railroads and the Rise of the Factory: Evidence for the United States, 1850-70. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, outubro de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14410.

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Tare, Medha, Susanne Nobles e Wendy Xiao. Partnerships that Work: Tapping Research to Address Learner Variability in Young Readers. Digital Promise, março de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/67.

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Over the past several decades, the student population in the United States has grown more diverse by factors including race, socioeconomic status, primary language spoken at home, and learning differences. At the same time, learning sciences research has advanced our understanding of learner variability and the importance of grounding educational practice and policy in the individual, rather than the fiction of an average student. To address this gap, LVP distills existing research on cognitive, social and emotional, content area, and background Learner Factors that affect learning in various domains, such as reading and math. In conjunction with the development process, LPS researchers worked with ReadWorks to design studies to assess the impact of the newly implemented features on learner outcomes.

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