Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Qualité, accès, évaluation des soins de santé"
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Hadjiat, Yacine. "Prise en charge de la douleur du cancer en Afrique francophone : Etat des lieux et recherche des facteurs limitants l'accès et le traitement aux opioïdes analgésiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR035.
Texto completo da fontePain management is an urgent, unmet need. The International Association for the Study of Pain argues that pain is a public health issue as it is pervasive, disabling yet under-treated and very often under-diagnosed. It is estimated that 20% of adults experience moderate-to-severe pain, with pain being the leading cause of long-term disability. In addition, it is estimated that only 7.5% of people globally have access to adequate opioid analgesics when in need. Similarly, Zin notes that 92% of opioids globally are consumed by 17% of population. This is despite the fact that up to 2016, the use of opioids doubled every 10 years. This is a stark division of resources, often displayed as harmful overuse of opioid analgesics in some countries and harmful underuse in others.The inequities of pain treatment are well documented. The main causes of these inequities are lack of education, diverse access to treatments, and disproportionate use of pain treatments. Therefore, while pain treatment protocols may be developed, the underlying barriers to care must be addressed. Specifically, there is a lack of access to analgesics, but especially opioids, an essential medicine, in low- and middle-income countries. In many African countries, cancer incidence is increasing, and pain with it. Yet, access to certain treatment options such as opioid analgesics is severely restricted. Cleary et al. note that from their research on 25 of the 52 African countries “all of the surveyed countries in Africa have <10% of the anticipated Adequacy of Consumption Measure (ACM) for opioids”.The paucity of research on pain treatment in Africa is significant, and especially French-speaking Africa. The burden of disease, specific focus on cancer pain and the barriers to treatment in this context is under-researched. Significantly, this will continue to impact access to treatment, the development of policy and regulation to provide comprehensive care, and as disease burdens increase, the impact to social and economic development will persist. There is a need to understand how pain is assessed, treated, and managed in French-speaking Africa. A base of comprehensive data on which to design protocols, policies and programmes is lacking
Berger, Ludovic. "Modélisation de l'activité en chirurgie vasculaire". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20729/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe question of replacement of vascular surgeons for the future is of concern because of a large number of retirements. But the question of replacement only is not sufficient for a specialty that is primarily for older patients in the current context of increasing and aging of the French population.In order to meet the need for vascular surgery in the coming years, we initially performed an overview of the demographics of practitioners of the specialty and estimated the retirements. To take into account the evolution of the future activity, we have established a predictive model for the acts of carotid surgery, surgery of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms and surgery of peripheral arterial disease, according to the aging population. This model applies the methods of the INSEE for acts collected in the Medicalised Information System Program database.We then refined it by including other parameters modifying workload evolution. We have calculated and applied a weighting factor obtained during the period of activity from 2000 to 2008. According to the model, the activity between 2008 and 2030 will increase by 38% in the studied procedures.The weighted projections predict an acts’ increase 30% between 2011 and 2025.From a purely mathematical point of view, the training needs of 120 surgeons would be to replace retirements, and 59 more surgeons because of the increased workload
Abelmann, Caroline. "Qualité des soins et droit de la santé". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS163.
Texto completo da fonteQuality of care has gradually been incorporated into French law. It is now recognized indirectly as a patient's right and a goal for professionals and health institutions to achieve.However, the quality of care domain does not have its own legal framework. Soft law concerning care quality has emerged in parallel as a principle response to the hard law’s inadequacy in this domain, and to a wider extent, with special regard to the fast evolution in medical practice. These « soft law » instruments are different from their hard law counterparts which are traditionally defined as mandatory and are accompanied by a regime of sanctions issued by public authority.In this way the care quality domain conforms to a graduated regulatory system which extends from hard law to soft law. This now entails defining the articulation between the different instruments and their legal effects.In fact, improvements to care quality are being slowed by the overproduction of measures and professionals’ fears of being held liable as a result of their participation in these processes.It seems indispensable that regulatory, organizational, and operational changes should both target the development of a legal regime dedicated to data from these approaches, as well as the clarification of the roles and skills of each player especially as concerns the entirety of the measures. In contrast, specific legislation targeting the protection of professionals is not desirable
Gerbaud, Laurent. "Financement des services de soins hospitaliers et développement de l'évaluation de la qualité des soins". Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE020.
Texto completo da fonteBlais, Jocelyne. "Le caring comme indicateur en évaluation de la qualité des soins infirmiers en santé communautaire". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38736.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMichel, Philippe. "Approche métrologique de l'utilisation des indicateurs de performance en santé". Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28896.
Texto completo da fonteHealth care performance indicators are used to identify deficiencies in health care, to compare structures or activities and to follow performance over time. Assessing indicators is difficult, partly because there are conceptual ambiguities concerning the classical measurement properties of validity and reliability. The objectives of this thesis are to propose a revised measurement conceptual framework, to include it in guidelines for the utilisation of performance indicators, and to illustrate application of guidelines. We defined four measurements properties (validity, stability, homogeneity and coherence) relevant for the assessment of all possible sources of variability. Our strategy for assessing indicators, which is coherent and logical for the development and evaluation of indicators, is theorically applicable to all measurement tools. Our integrative guidelines, based on ten steps, explores the measurement properties as well as suitability and feasibility issues. The appropriateness of the proposed framework is illustrated using our work on indicators of performance of pain management, cardiac surgery, preoperative prescription appropriateness and ambulatory surgery wards. The framework was operational, although the four kinds of variability, separated for didactical reasons, not always analyzed separately. We believe that the wide array of indicators studied is in favor of the applicability of our framework to all performance indicators in health care
Simon, Jean-Michel. "Evaluation du médicament et économie de la santé". Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOE008.
Texto completo da fonteThe economic evaluation of drugs is referred to increasingly in the context of scientific and economic approaches to achieving more effective health expenditure. The first part of this thesis sets out the basis for, and methodology employed in the economic evaluation of drugs. It describes briefly its limitations and the main criticisms levelled against it, giving details of the analytical options available as well as the differences between methods. In the second part, the author examines the possible role of pharmaco-economic criteria within the regulatory mechanisms of the French pharmaceutical market. It shows that they conflict with other decision-making criteria which at the present time carry, relatively speaking, more weight. The third part examines the relevance of pharmaco-economic evaluation in a practical setting, on the basis of studies of the new active substances which appeared within the five year period 1989-1993. It points out the problems inherent in these studies examines the general characteristics of the method adopted. It draws attention to the most frequently occuring faults, examines the validity, and assesses their overall contribution
Midy, Fabienne. "Qualité de vie et évaluation économique : des fondements théoriques à la mise en pratique". Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE014.
Texto completo da fonteHealth economics has expended in two main directions. The first one is an approach essentially theoretical to the health care system's functioning. The rationality of behavior is a focal hypothesis of that process. The second one is more pragmatic: evaluation techniques were developed to produce information about costs and results of health care programs. This thesis associates theoretical developments with applied studies in analyse of the theories underlying the evaluation methodology in the specific domain of quality of life. The economic methods of quality of life evaluation are based on the economic theory of decision. The agent is then supposed to be an homo oecased on substantive rationality. The first part of that research displays the supreme authority of that hypothesis over the entire process of evaluation in health economics. Nevertheless h simon introduced a new conception of rationality called procedural rationality. The second part of that thesis presents the interests of that alternatice on the both points of vue of epistemology and evaluation methodology. One conclusion is the procedural logic of questionnaire techniques. An empirical study illustres these theoritical developments: the evaluation of the post-stroke quality of life. The evolution of the theory of rationality can afford to imagine a different- because procedural- conception of economic evaluation in its both activities of measurement and consulting
Ngo, Bebe. "Système d'information et évaluation de la qualité des soins de santé pri maires au Zaïre: essai méthodologique de l'appréciation des performances des services de santé dans la distribution des soins". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213406.
Texto completo da fonteBahrami, Stéphane. "Essais sur la qualité des soins : approches en économie et en santé publique". Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090073.
Texto completo da fonteThis work takes the perspectives of economics and public health to study issues related to the quality of hospital care.The first chapter introduces the concept of quality of care in economics and public health. We show that the two fields use similar definitions of the concept but explore differing and complementary approaches towards its regulation.Fixed price competition between hospitals, as implemented by a prospective payment system, should lead to an improvement of care quality, provided that the demand for care is increasing with quality. The second chapter evaluates the sensitivity to quality of demand for hospital care in France, using ranking lists published by the lay media as a measure of information on quality available to potential patients. We estimate changes in hospital demand caused by ranking lists on a panel of hospitals located in the Paris area, for several pathologies. We find a sizeable and significant demand shift towards hospitals belonging to the top list in the forprofit sector for one pathology. No effect is observed for non-profit hospitals, or for other pathologies in the for profit sector. Competition for quality may thus not be a feasible regulation approach for French public hospitals.The third chapter provides evidence regarding the cost of hospital infection control strategies targeting antimicrobial resistant bacteria. We estimated the burden and costs associated with two types of strategies, relying on targeted screening or on general hygiene promotion strategies, in two multinational controlled clinical trials, in surgical and intensive care units.Our results highlight the variability of costs associated with broad, non-specific hygiene promotion interventions, and, for interventions which were found to be effective by the clinical trials, costs that are consistent with the hypothesis that these interventions are costeffective
Ben, Hamouda Iman. "Améliorer le partage des connaissances dans le secteur de la santé en France pour une meilleure qualité des soins". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE016.
Texto completo da fonteRecently, the healthcare sector has shown a growing interest in information technologies. In particular, the Electronic Health Record (EHR) is increasingly being deployed within healthcare organizations. The ability to share EHR’s underlying knowledge both internally and externally within healthcare organizations has been accepted as a method to improve the quality and delivery of care; however it has also raised important questions related to legal and privacy issues.This research aims to explore the critical factors that impact knowledge sharing in the French healthcare sector. Our main research focus is to answer the question of how to improve Knowledge sharing in the healthcare field?A qualitative exploratory study was handled to investigate EHR’s underlying Knowledge sharing in French hospitals.Three major issues were identified, namely the need for: a common healthcare terminology, the interoperability among healthcare information systems and the patient’s informed consents before sharing his sensitive data.In the end, this research purposes both a conceptual research model for explaining organizational value of knowledge sharing in healthcare sector and an ontological framework that extends the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) with privacy dimension to secure access to sensitive patient’s data
Ziani, Aouaz Amani. "L'impact de l'utilisation de la tarification à l'activité sur la qualité et l'accès aux soins à l'hôpital public en France". Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/188336273#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completo da fonteA new payment system has been introduced in French hospitals. This system has been created in the United-States and is actually used in many countries across the world. The prospective payment system based on Diagnosis Related Groups is the name of this new payment concept. Similarities exist among patients of each DRG concerning the principal diagnosis and the means used to take care about patients. This payment system is suspected to have some effect on quality and access to care. A review of the international literature showed that some effects like shortening of length of stay, quicker and sicker syndrom and increasing number of transfer to the skilled nursing facilities have been noted by many empirical studies. In France, there is no empirical studies which have been conducted to demonstrate such effects, but the personal working in hospital like doctors and nurses experience constraints and increased workload since the new payment system have been introduced. The recent experience of the new payment system in France and the absence of empirical studies do not allow such conclusions
Auquier, Pascal. "Concepts et mesure de la qualité de vie liée à la santé : exemples et applications". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T026.
Texto completo da fonteCôté, Catherine. "Évaluation de la satisfaction des proches des usagers de soins palliatifs à domicile au regard des soins et services reçus sur le territoire du centre de santé et des services sociaux de la Vieille-Capitale". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28198/28198.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteChassé, France. "Étude multidimensionnelle de la qualité de deux modalités d'une approche de soins destinée à une clientèle hystérectomisée". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26180/26180.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteGirault, Anne. "Processus d’implémentation d’une réforme du mode de financement des établissements de santé : l'expérimentation de paiement à la qualité Experiment with P4P (IFAQ) : The Rationale for the French Hospital Lessons from abroad Incitation Financière à l’Amélioration de la Qualité (IFAQ) pour les établissements de santé français : résultats de l’expérimentation (2012-2014)". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS596.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis studies the impact of a payment reform for hospitals called quality-based payment, or pay-for-performance (P4P). This new funding approach encourages healthcare providers to improve the quality of care by distributing financial bonuses based on their performance on a number of quality indicators. This payment has spread widely over the last ten years within the health systems of developed countries without strong empirical evidence of its impact. The aim of this work was thus to analyze the effects of P4P based on the French experiment conducted within acute care hospitals. By looking closely at the uses, we were able to describe the implementation processes within the enrolled hospitals. The results showed that, despite positive feedback from healthcare professionals, this new payment method had not been able to initiate significant changes in internal quality improvement practices. However, we were able to observe that the organizations responded to the signal sent by this financial incentive by conforming to this model, in order to ensure their legitimacy vis-à-vis the ministry of health. We were then able to highlight the phenomena of decoupling of hospital organization methods implicitly implemented by hospital management. Through this experimentation, we then reflected on the future of quality-based payment as well as the place it can have alongside new payment methods for healthcare organizations and were able to describe the preferred evaluation methods
Pillant, Alain. "L'audit et l'évaluation des entreprises médicales". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010054.
Texto completo da fonteViehweger, Heide Elke. "Optimisation de l'évaluation globale de l'enfant atteint de paralysie cérébrale à potentiel de marche : intégration de la qualité de vie liée à la santé et des capacités et performances dans le domaine de la vie quotidienne". Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20704.
Texto completo da fonteTreatment in cerebral palsy (CP) children is now multidisciplinary. Outcome objectives for orthopaedic surgeons changed and are now to improve the patient’s functional status. But how to evaluate the outcome ? Was patient’s daily life improved ? In a first theoretical part the components of a global outcome assessment in CP patients were reviewed, existing methods identified and detected tools and knowledge were supplemented. In a second part two projects were presented based on the principles of global assessment : - the first project to apply the acquired knowledge in terms of conceptualisation, realisation and analysis of a multicenter project, - the second to create and study preliminarily a new tool to evaluate daily life capacities and performances in CP patients
Maille, Gérald. "Santé bucco-dentaire et vieillissement : contexte anthropologique de la dépendance". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0664.
Texto completo da fonteMedical progress has largely contributed to increasing life expectancy and aging of the population inevitably leads to a greater number of dependent elderly persons. All the health professions are thus increasingly faced with the management of elderly persons who are losing their independence and the demand for oral health care for elderly patients continues to increase.The originality of the work presented here is to understand the issue of the use of oral care of dependent elderly people in different places of residence. We considered both the physical and human environnement. Thus, the scientific interest of our research resides in the resolutely anthropobiological approach that places each dependent elderly person in their immediate environment.Our research is based on three studies. In the first work, throught a survey we consider the practitioners’ viewpoint and identify the difficulties they meet in providing care to ederly dependant patients. Then we analyzed the use of oral care and the oral health status of patients living at home or in institutions using data from a national survey.As part of a field survey of institutionalized populations, we used the data collected to compare the oral health experienced by seniors and the clinical reality of their oral status.Finally, we reported the elements obtained during collective interviews conducted with caregivers of institutions for the elderly
Ba, Zrampieu Sarah. "Qualité et accessibilité aux services de soins maternels et infantiles dans un contexte d’exemption de paiement : cas de la Côte-d’Ivoire". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12012.
Texto completo da fonteFrom April 2011, Ivorian authorities decided adoption of the exemption from payment of medical fees for users of public health institutions and community based. In February 2012, measure of total exemption from payment of medical fees takes end and leaves room to free care, targeted to pregnant women and children under five. This targeted free represents transitional step toward the establishment of universal health coverage. Also, since its adoption in February 2012, the policy of exemption of direct payment targeted to pregnant women and children under five is applied in Côte-d’Ivoire? What are the consequences of the implementation of this policy on the quality and accessibility of maternal and child care in Côte-d’Ivoire? These are the question to which our research will try to answer from a theoretical framework, mainly based on economic theories. These theories are theory of informational asymmetry, Lancasterian theory and approach by capabilities. In order to meet our research questions, we have achieved quantitative analysis of data from surveys of living standards of households carried out by National Institute of Statistics of Côte-d’Ivoire in 2008 and 2015. On the other hand, we realized structured and in-depth interviews, during May 2016 and January 2017, with patients, health providers, and individuals who live close to health centres selected. The main results of our analyses concern partial application of exemption from direct payment, maintaining quality and accessibility to maternal and child healthcare services, and finally, difficult transition to universal health coverage
Rousseau, Marie-Christine. "Caractérisation du polyhandicap : déterminants de santé, performance du système de soins et impact sur les aidants". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0724.
Texto completo da fontePolyhandicap (PLH) is a chronic affliction occurring in an immature brain, leading to the combination of profound mental retardation and serious motor deficit. The French health system allows care management in specialized rehabilitation centers (SRC), residential facilities (RF), and home care. The aims of this study were i) To describe PLH patients ‘health status and to estimate the adequacy of care management ii) To assess the QoL of parents and health-care workers.Method: inclusions: PLH patients, parents and institutional HCWs of each included patients. Data collection: socio demographic, clinical, modalities of care management, caregivers' QOL. Results: 875 PLH patients were included: main comorbidities were pulmonary infections, orthopedic and epilepsy. Global objective adequacy was higher for patients cared for in SRC.The QoL scores of all dimensions were significantly lower for parents and health care workers than for controls
Couturier, Bérengère. "Organisation de la sortie d'hospitalisation et de la continuité des soins en aval". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066571.
Texto completo da fonteOrganization of hospital discharge and impact on patient health outcomes. We made a systematic review of the literature with the aim of exploring associations between components of the hospital-discharge process–including continuity of care thereafter–and patients’ health outcomes in the post-discharge period. Results indicate that none of the studies reported a statistically significant association between the presence of a component or an intervention likely improving the quality of hospital-discharge process and mortality. As regards rehospitalizations or emergency department visits, the analysis of the literature provides a more balanced response. At the same time, the wide heterogeneity observed across the studies prevents from performing a meaningful meta-analysis and no consistent statistical association between components of the hospital-discharge process including continuity of care thereafter and patient health outcomes could be identified.Patients’ opinions on the hospital discharge process. Taking advantage of the SENTIPAT trial, we undertook an ancillary study that compared two methods for collecting patients’ opinions on the discharge process: questionnaire self-completion on a dedicated internet website versus a telephone interview. Although the internet patients’ response rate was lower than that of the telephone patients, estimates of patient satisfaction on the discharge process issued from both modes of administration of the questionnaire were similar. Results advocate for establishing a permanent information system that would enable volunteering patients to express their opinions on hospital discharge and for developing the concept of sentinel patient
Saizonou, Zinsou W. J. "La prise en charge des "Echappé belle" dans les maternités de référence au Bénin: évaluation de la qualité des soins obstétricaux d'urgence et des apports de l'audit médical". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210742.
Texto completo da fontePrigent, Amélie. "Qualité de vie des usagers des services de psychiatrie et facteurs associés". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T047/document.
Texto completo da fonteBACKGROUND: Assessment criteria which take patients’ perceptions into account, such as quality of life, are becoming increasingly important in health services assessment and policy and clinical decision-making. Despite the fact that mental disorders represent a significant burden in terms of prevalence and economic consequences, there is a lack of knowledge regarding quality of life of patients cared for by mental health care services which impedes informed decision-making in the field of psychiatry.OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to measure quality of life using utility scores of people cared for by mental health care services in France; to assess the loss of quality of life attributable to mental disorders; and to identify factors associated with quality of life.MATERIAL AND METHODS: After a literature review describing quality of life tools used in the field of mental health, we undertook a survey to measure the quality of life of people suffering from mental disorders who were treated in the general psychiatric sector using two tools and the corresponding utility scores: the SF-36, allowing calculation of utility scores by the SF-6D, and the EQ-5D. We compared them in terms of performance, and we assessed their consistency. We evaluated the quality of life loss attributable to mental disorders considering data from the French general population-based survey on health and disabilities as a reference. Finally, we used several models adapted to the specificities of the utility score distributions to identify socio-demographic, clinical and mental health care utilization characteristics associated with quality of life.RESULTS: 212 patients were included. The mean utility score was 0.684 when assessed by the SF-6D, and 0.624 when assessed by the EQ-5D. Utility scores of patients suffering from mental disorders were 11% lower than those of the general population. Being a woman and being severely ill were factors associated with lower utility scores using both tools. In comparison with no hospitalization, voluntary hospitalization within the past 12 months was associated with lower SF-6D utility scores, whereas part-time hospitalization was linked with higher SF-6D utility scores. SF-6D and EQ-5D utility scores showed poor agreement in measuring quality of life. These instruments were similar in terms of acceptability as well as discriminant and convergent validity; however, the EQ-5D showed lower sensitivity, illustrated by a ceiling effect, and the models used to study factors associated with this score showed poor performances.CONCLUSION: We objectivized the negative impact of mental disorders on quality of life. Considering the significant differences identified between the SF-6D and EQ-5D utility scores, the choice of the most adapted instrument constitutes a major issue. The lack of sensitivity of the EQ-5D and the difficulties experienced in finding a model adapted to the specificities of this score would suggest that the SF-6D is better suited to the field of mental health. However, our results must be confirmed by analysis on larger samples
Costin, Maria. "Qualité et modernisation du management hospitalier public, une comparaison Franco-Moldave des grands hôpitaux : Vers une réflexion stratégique de l'organisation hospitalière". Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131007.
Texto completo da fonteThanks to the new perspectives linked to the independence of 1991, the management of the health system is finally confronted to international norms. In spite of restricted means, the representatives for Moldovan health have to find modern methods of management, to ameliorate the quality of medical care. In France, the hospital reforms centered on the workmanship of the expenses of health and the modernization of the tools of management allowed to identify other problems such as: the quality and security of care, the rights of the patients and the content of the users. To better meet the needs of patients it is not enough to make important means available to the different medical services, but to bring about real efficiency for the patients. In this context, that amounts to bringing some change in the mode of administration of hospital business towards a culture of management where the research of performance becomes the rule. The improvement of the medical services passes through the modernization of the system of management. It is under conditions, that we are led to offer a managererial approach of 5 functions (organization of work, motivation, training, automatization and auto-evaluation) which structure the manager frame of hospitals, with regard to the complexity hospital activities. These 5 pillars will allow the managers to have a view of the tasks and priority missions to be fulfilled
Occelli, Pauline. "Mesurer et améliorer le climat de sécurité des soins dans les établissements de santé français". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1228/document.
Texto completo da fonteIt is recommended to develop the safety climate (SC) to improve patient safety. In this thesis, we will try to clarify the use of the CS concept for the evaluation of interventions aiming to improve patient safety.The objectives of the articles presented were to develop a French version of a SC questionnaire and to assess the impact of a vignette-based analysis of adverse events (AEs) on the SC of care units.The studies demonstrated the feasibility of measuring the SC with a French version of the American questionnaire, the Hospital Survey On Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). They made it possible to propose a French version with sufficient psychometric performance. They showed the importance of the role of supervision, the organisational learning and teamwork between units. The French version of the HSOPSC was used to evaluate the effect of the vignette-based analysis of AEs. Tested in a randomized controlled cluster trial, this intervention improved professionals' perceptions of the organisational learning and continuous improvement, without modifying other dimensions.Given the difficulty of modifying all dimensions in a short period of time, SC should be used to characterize the context in which interventions are implemented in order to adapt them and better understand their impact, rather than being used as an outcome criterion.The research areas are to study the sustainability of an intervention beyond its initial evaluation through the maintenance or development of a safety culture; and to study patients' perceptions of care safety
Ferrera-Tourenc, Virginie. "Démarche qualité en biologie et transfusion sanguine : fondements théoriques, approches expérimentales et pragmatiques pour une construction technique et managériale". Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1999AIX20669.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteHequet, Delphine. "Evaluation globale de la prise en charge des patientes présentant un cancer du sein opérable d’emblée : analyse médico-économique des parcours de soins, audit de qualité des soins, évaluation de la satisfaction des patientes et impact des nouvelles technologies dans les décisions thérapeutiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS010.
Texto completo da fonteBreast cancer is a frequent but heterogeneous disease. Therefore, there are multiple clinical pathways, of which the optimization is one of the objectives of the 3rd Plan Cancer. Three dimensions of the clinical pathways were analyzed through 2 multicenter prospective studies: quality, cost and psychosocial impact. Efficiency levers have been identified: to promote screening for breast cancer, to mimic the organization of comprehensive cancer centers, to better target patients benefiting from adjuvant chemotherapy by accessing tools innovations such as genomic tests. In a 3rd prospective study, the adjuvant chemotherapy decision was modified in 18% of the cases. Genomics enters routine in oncology. Clinicians must understand this discipline. The last part of this thesis reports the work carried out in genomics in breast cancer, at the stage of research on a gene coding for a protein with methyltransferase activity, PRDM15, promising in triple-negative breast cancers expressing androgen receptors
Devaux, Marion. "Inégalités sociales des comportements de santé : l'herbe est-elle plus verte ailleurs ?" Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090041/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with social inequalities in health-Related behaviours such as lifestyle risk factors for health (precisely, obesity and alcohol consumption) and the utilisation of health care services, in a number of OECD countries. This work relies on an applied micro-Economics approach, using several national health survey data. This thesis aims to (a) compare social inequalities in health-Related behaviours across countries with different settings; (b) shed light on the understanding of social disparities in health-Related behaviours; and (c) examine how self-Reporting may affect the rating of behavioural risk-Factors, and therefore affect the measurement of social inequalities
Maes, Blandine. "Représentations professionnelles et accréditation : entre recherche de sens et contrôle". Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20083.
Texto completo da fonteToday, no passing through for health institutions development without quality. This concept appeared in the course of time in the health context with a legislation, norms more accurate and restricting, in ordre to comply with requirements of regulations stated by the various hospitals related reforms, especially the one of 1996 which obliges any health institution to proceed with an accreditation approach implementation. The objective of this work is to identify the representations of accreditation with its own principles (quality, quality approach) to different professional groups in health institutions (private, public, semi-public). The statistics analysis of 89 interviews and 175 questionnaires, enable us to comprehend the conmmitments nature on accreditation in function of the context of various health institutions, of social positions, of values and cultures of the groups they belong to. This idea means for somme professionals regulation's action, a technocratic procedure of control, for others, a process, a research of sense, a fundamental step in the continuing search to improve the quality of medical care
Caunday, Olivia. "Evaluation de la qualité des soins : approche par indicateur dans les centres européens de greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques accrédités JACIE". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0016/document.
Texto completo da fonteJACIE relies on transplant programs voluntarily applying for accreditation: it is important to understand that programs, rather than centres, apply meaning that all three infrastructures and teams (cell collection, cell processing and patient care unit) jointly engage in the accreditation process. The purpose of JACIE standards is to ensure a minimal level of quality, and harmonize laboratory and clinical practices in the field of onco-hematology. Implementation and follow-up of indicators do not necessarily reflect on quality and safety of patient care. The first aim of this study is to identify indicators set in place by the programs and to assess how their measure could be translated in qualitative benefit or quantitative benefit for the patient or the hospital. A survey was launched to 82 programs that were holding a valid accreditation, starting with French centres, and then extending to accredited programs in other European countries. Quality indicator is a tool for assessing healthcare delivery and indicator approach is commonly employed for risk management in healthcare systems. Thus, the second aim of this study is to understand whether a method was used to implement efficiently the indicators and to evaluate if all the HSCT processes are monitored
Carrier, Natalie. "Relations entre des caractéristiques institutionnelles, le risque de malnutrition et la qualité de vie des personnes âgées hébergées". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24497/24497.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBenyahia, Nesrine. "Le droit de l'imagerie médicale et ses enjeux de santé publique : étude comparative France, Angleterre, Allemagne et Québec". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB173.
Texto completo da fonteMedical imaging is a care activity at the crossroads of all medical specialties. It has become a primary care activity at the heart of the diagnosis and treatment of many pathologies in oncology, neurology and cardiology, for instance. Its essential role in the care path of the patient is the result of the important development of the technologies, but also of the clinical indications. The framing of medical imaging in the French healthcare system remains nevertheless unclear and bordered by legal and economic constraints. This legal and economic uncertainty is an obstacle to the effective access to medical imaging technology for patients through, in particular, an exacerbated control of equipment installations and a disorganized acts pricing procedure. Furthermore, the lack of medico-economic evaluations delays the implementation of innovations and even creates risks to the safety and quality of the imaging tests performed
Grüss, Sandrine. "Optimisation de la prise en charge de l'hémorragie du postpartum : analyse des facteurs de risque et des pratiques professionnelles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR026.
Texto completo da fonteAbstract : Post-partum hemorrhage is one of the most important causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in France. Despite medical advances, the optimal management of post-partum hemorrhage remains a challenge, not least because of the complexity of coordinating different treatments in a multi-professional emergency setting. This thesis focused on optimizing the management of postpartum hemorrhage through an in-depth analysis of risk factors and professional practices, particularly in relation to the use of uterotonics. This research is structured in three parts. Firstly, we carried out an analysis of the risk factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage, stratifying our analyses by parity in order to gain a better understanding of the determinants and to identify high-risk populations using data from a randomized clinical trial. Secondly, this study assessed the professional practices of midwives, focusing in particular on the sometimes-inappropriate use of oxytocin as a first-line treatment, by identifying deviations from recommendations using a clinical vignette survey distributed to French midwives.Finally, this work identified the factors leading to failure of treatment with sulproston, a second-line uterotonic, to reduce the invasive procedures that generate significant morbidity, using Bayesian statistics analysis based on data from a bicentric cohort.In conclusion, this work provides food for thought for optimized detection and management of post-partum hemorrhage, with the emphasis on early identification of modifiable risk factors such as appropriate use of uterotonics
Boucekine, Mohamed. "Caractérisation de l'effet response shift par l'approche des forêts aléatoires : application à la sclérose en plaques et à la schizophrénie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5062.
Texto completo da fonteTo asses Quality Of Life, patients are often asked to evaluate their well-being using a self-report instrument to document patient-reported outcome (PROs) measures. The data are often collected on multiple domains, such as physical function, social health and emotional health. However, longitudinal PROs, which are collected at multiple occasions from the same individual, may be affected by adaptation or "response shift" effects and may lead to under- or overestimation of the treatment effects. Response shift is the phenomenon by which an individual's self-evaluation of a construct changes due to change in internal standards of measurement (recalibration), a change in value or priorities (reprioritization), or a personal redefinition of the target construct (reconceptualisation). If the response shift is present in the data, the interpretation of change is altered and conventional difference between post-test and pre-test may not be able to detect true change in PROs measures. The aim of the work is to propose an innovative method, based on random forest method, to highlight response shift effect
Bitwe, Mihanda Richard. "Contribution à la réduction de la mortalité intrahospitalière des enfants en Afrique centrale, Nord Kivu - RD Congo". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210353.
Texto completo da fonteDans le monde, presque 10,6 millions d’enfants meurent chaque année avant d’avoir atteint leur cinquième anniversaire. En dépit de l’existence théorique d’interventions curatives efficaces, on constate que la mortalité intrahospitalière peut demeurer très élevée dans les services de pédiatrie de nombreux pays à faible revenu notamment en Afrique. Pour améliorer la prise en charge des enfants dans ces hôpitaux et par conséquent la survie des enfants, il est nécessaire avant tout de faire le constat de la situation et de la reconnaître, d’en analyser les causes, de s’attaquer aux déterminants vulnérables et de se doter d’outils d’évaluation de la qualité de soins dans les hôpitaux. En tant que pédiatre oeuvrant à l’HPG, j’ai constaté que la mortalité intrahospitalière était élevée. Fruit d’une démarche personnelle, ce travail avait pour objectif global la réduction de cette mortalité.
Pour y arriver, les objectifs spécifiques étaient les suivants :
1) Décrire et évaluer la qualité des soins intrahospitaliers chez les enfants à l’HPG.
2)Préciser la mortalité intrahospitalière globale ainsi que les mortalités spécifiques.
3)Etudier l’importance des facteurs associés à la surmortalité des enfants à l’Hôpital Provincial de Goma.
4)Construire un modèle de prédiction de la mortalité globale intrahospitalière ainsi qu’un score pronostique adapté au contexte.
5)Mettre en place un programme de formation et de supervision du personnel médical et paramédical.
6)Etudier l’impact de ce programme sur la mortalité intrahospitalière.
Méthodologie
Les analyses ont porté sur les données des études qui se sont déroulés dans le service de pédiatrie de l’hôpital provincial de Goma (HPG), il s’agit des études suivantes: une étude descriptive d’observation d’évaluation de la qualité des soins intrahospitaliers des enfants en décembre 2004 (étude qualitative utilisant la méthode de Nolan), une étude de cohorte prospective intrahospitalière portant sur les indicateurs prédictifs de la mortalité (du 1er avril 2003 au 31 mars 2004) (« avant ») ,suivi d’une intervention dont l’impact avait été évalué de nouveau par une étude de cohorte prospective intrahospitalière (du 1er janvier 2005 au 31 décembre 2005) (« après ») (étude d’intervention quasi-expérimentale).
Résultats
Les résultats du travail étaient les suivants :
A) -Les facteurs qui augmentent le risque de décès étaient la référence tardive et la sévérité de la maladie à l’admission.
-Les facteurs limitant la qualité de la prise en charge et qui contribuaient probablement au mauvais pronostic étaient :
1)A l’admission, le triage n’était pas toujours correctement fait, les soins d’urgences étaient retardés l’après-midi et la nuit et 12% des admissions étaient différés. Il n’y avait pas de grille d’évaluation initiale, ni des guides pratiques de l’OMS, ni les guides standardisés de prise en charge, ni de kit d’urgence.
2)En hospitalisation, il y avait une insuffisance en nombre du staff (surtout l’après-midi et la nuit), le monitoring de base et les soins infirmiers étaient insuffisants surtout la nuit, les cliniciens notaient les signes cliniques, mais ne les documentaient pas toujours, le délai pour avoir le diagnostic était trop long et l’indisponibilité des médicaments prescrits.
-Le staff du service avait des connaissances théoriques et pratiques insuffisantes et une motivation insuffisante
B)-Durant la première étude de cohorte, une mortalité globale de 15,9% et des mortalités spécifiques anormalement élevées ont été observés. Les enfants les plus à risque de décès avaient, à l’admission, les caractéristiques suivantes :un âge < 1 an, un périmètre brachial < 115 mm ou un retard de croissance pondérale (-3< Z-PPA ≤ -2 et Z-PPA ≤ -3), une altération de la conscience, une raideur de la nuque, un tirage intercostal et une infection.
C)-Ces premières données avaient permis de construire le modèle Goma1 basé essentiellement sur les indicateurs suivants :l’âge,le périmètre brachial, l’état de conscience et le type d’infection. Grâce au score pronostique, il était destiné à la sélection à l’admission des enfants à risque élevé de décès pour une admission en soins intensifs et à la standardisation de la mortalité en vue de l’évaluation de la qualité de prise en charge.
D)-Une intervention a été menée, en décembre 2004 portant essentiellement sur la formation et la supervision du personnel de santé œuvrant à l’HPG. Grâce à une évaluation avant-après, on a pu déterminer l’impact probable de cette intervention :la mortalité globale a diminué de 15,9% (avant l’intervention) à 4,6% (après l’intervention) et restait toujours plus basse après l’intervention et après ajustement à l’aide du modèle.
Conclusions
La mortalité pédiatrique intrahospitalière est généralement beaucoup trop élevée et c’était le cas à l’HPG.
Notre démarche après ce constat et l’évaluation de la qualité des soins donnés aux enfants sur base d’un questionnaire qualitatif a été d’intervenir sur un des points mis en exergue par cette évaluation (formation et supervision du personnel insuffisante) et d’évaluer l’impact de ce programme sur la mortalité globale.
Les résultats ont suggéré un impact positif de ce programme (mortalité globale de 15,9% avant l’intervention et de 4,6% après l’intervention).
Si de nombreuses critiques liées à la méthodologie (évaluation uniquement qualitative, étude quasi-expérimentale avant-après, intervention limitée, etc) doivent être épinglées et limitent la portée de ce travail, la démarche entreprise a cependant permis de mobiliser le personnel de santé œuvrant dans des conditions difficiles, autour d’un projet commun et améliorer ainsi la prise en charge des enfants hospitalisés à l’HPG.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bagayoko, Cheick-oumar. "Mise en place d'un système d'information hospitalier en Afrique francophone : cinz@n, étude et validation du modèle au Mali". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20680/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe implementation of hospital information systems focused on care processes has been shown to improve the quality of care, the management of resources, and the productivity. These benefits are necessary in all countries, regardless of their level of development. However, a question does arise: “Given the differences in financial, technological and human contexts, should we, in Africa, undertake a differentiated strategy to achieve these shared goals?”. The aim of our study was to develop a model adapted to the cultural and economical contexts of developing countries. Our methodology was based on the adaptation and implementation of an Open Source software. This work led to the development and validation of a model in Mali named Cinz@n. It has been implemented and tested at the Mother-Child hospital in Bamako. Beyond the software implementation, change management and the training of stakeholders have been the subject of special attention. The results of the evaluation of the functional coverage, the ergonomics of the system and user satisfaction are satisfactory. 84% of users consider that the system has improved the quality of their work, and 100% of users are willing to continue the experiment, also recommending the extension of the system to all hospital departments. The qualitative analysis of the database showed strict usage of the patient identification procedures. We conclude that Cinz@n, with an investment cost of about ten thousand euros, and a wide acceptance by users can be a model for other implementations in French Speaking Africa
Khanji, Cynthia. "Évaluation de la qualité des soins et des services préventifs cardiovasculaires en première ligne". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21822.
Texto completo da fonteBolduc, Jolianne. "Évaluation des liens entre la composition des équipes de soins infirmiers et la qualité et sécurité des soins dans des unités de soins critiques". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21612.
Texto completo da fonteEl, Omari Salaheddine. "Évaluation des impacts de l'assurance sociale maladie sur la consommation des soins de santé par la population rurale à faible revenu aux Philippines". Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3250/1/M9635.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteZombré, David. "La gratuité des soins associée à l’amélioration de la qualité des soins est-elle efficace pour maintenir l’utilisation des services à long terme et améliorer la santé infantile au Burkina Faso ?" Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22580.
Texto completo da fonteIntroduction: Improving financial access to health care is believed to be essential for reducing the burden of child morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings, but the available evidence on the relationship between increased access and health remains scarce and the long-term issues are still unknown. In the specific context of the Sahel region in Burkina Faso where high levels of morbidity and malnutrition coincide with low health care use, a pilot intervention for free health care including quality of care improvement and management of malnutrition at the community level was implemented in September 2008. Objectives: Using statistical and epidemiological approaches applied to cross-sectional and time series data, this thesis aims to provide a better understanding of how the presence of intervention in communities can increase and maintain long-term use of health services and improve the health of children under five years. The specific objectives are: 1) to evaluate the long-term effects of the intervention on the use of health services in children under the age of five, 2) to estimate the contextual effect of intervention on the probability of occurrence of and the likelihood of health services being used by children under five, four years after the start of its implementation, and 3) to evaluate the contextual effect of the intervention on stunting in children under five, four years after the start of its implementation. Methods: The data for the analyses were provided from a variety of sources including the national health information system, a retrospective health services survey, and a household survey conducted four years after the intervention onset in 41 villages in the intervention district and 51 villages in the comparison district. We used a quasi-experimental controlled interrupted time-series design group to analyze the immediate and long-term effects of the intervention on the rate of health services utilization in children under five. Then, a quasi-experimental post-test-only design that included a control group allowed us to evaluate the contextual effect of the intervention on the probability of occurrence of a disease, on the probability of use of health services, and stunting in children under five. The analytic strategy combined the propensity score weighting method to balance the covariates between the two groups, two-level mixed-effects negative binomial, and linear and logistic regression models to account for the hierarchical structure of data. Results: The intervention for free health care including quality of care improvement and management of malnutrition at the community level was associated with an increased and maintained use of health services beyond four years after the onset of intervention (incidence rate ratio = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.98–2.67). In addition, compared to children living in the comparison district, the probability of using health services was 17.2% higher among those living in the intervention district (95% CI = 15.0–26.6); and 20.7% higher when the illness episode was severe (95% CI = 9.9–31.5). These associations were significant regardless of the distance to health centers and the socio-economic status of households. In addition, inequalities in the use of care were less pronounced in the intervention villages compared to those in the control village. Finally, the results also showed that the residence context accounted for 9.36% of the variance in stunting (intra-class correlation = 9.36% ; 95% CI = 6.45–13.38), and only 2% of the variance in stunting was explained by the intervention. However, we could not demonstrate that the intervention in these communities was associated with a reduced probability of an illness occurring (AME=4.4 (95% CI: -1.0 – 9.8), nor with a significant improvement in the nutritional status among children under five (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.83–1.54). Conclusion: This thesis underlines the importance that affordable health care, including quality of care, as well as improving the management of malnutrition at the community level, are effective in increasing and maintaining the use of health services and reduce geographical inequalities in the use of care. However, this intervention was not associated with improved child health outcomes. Although rigorous longitudinal studies are necessary to fully understand the potential influence of this intervention on morbidity, this thesis highlights the need to simultaneously act on other social determinants of health and to synergistically integrate nutrition-specific interventions for greater impact on child health.
Lévesque, Martine C. "Transformer les pratiques professionnelles vis-à-vis des personnes prestataires de l’aide sociale : développement participatif et évaluation d’une formation continue en cabinet dentaire". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15999.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis aims to generate knowledge on how a continuing education course might contribute to the evolution of oral health professionals’ perspectives and practices. Promoting patient centered care, the course aims to sensitize professionals to poverty issues and to encourage socially inclusive practices that take into account the social context of patients. The course evaluation is nested within a participatory action research project aimed at developing educational and knowledge transfer tools to sensitize oral health professionals to poverty issues and Our research strives to contribute to the fight against social inequities in health and in access to care in Québec; it is grounded in our intent for greater social justice and reflects our belief in the importance of a critical public health founded on a « science of solutions » (Potvin, 2013). Four scientific articles, grounded in constructivism and in the concepts and principles of transformative learning theory (Mezirow, 1991), constitute the heart of this thesis. The first presents a critical review of the literature on health professional education for patient-centered care. We focus on the concept of shared epistemology as a foundation for patient-centered care and determine and analyse the educational principles allowing for its development in students and practitioners. Our second article, located within the participatory developmental process, delves into the co-construction of a social realist screenplay portraying poverty and issues of access to dental care. The article examines and reflects on the participatory processes, in particular the co-learning that took place among the partners involved in writing the screenplay and in producing the educational tools on poverty. We discover the potency of shared knowledge among professionals, citizens, educators and academics for enhancing reflection on bias and perspective taking. The educational tools developed have been integrated into an onsite credited continuing education course on poverty and oral health, privileging critical reflection, founded on transformative learning theory, and integrating dimensions of person-centered care. The results of an instrumental case study among the 15 members of a dental team having participated in the course constitute the last two articles of the thesis. The first describes and analyzes the new meanings and actions among course participants, emphasizing shifts in thinking about the causes of poverty, about life on welfare, about certain patient behaviors and about the participants themselves. New actions refer to changes made in verbal and non-verbal communication and appointment giving policy. The article also examines unanticipated and paradoxical effects of learning, such as the reinforcement of certain beliefs. The final thesis article presents the case study results in terms of the participants’ experience of their workplace ideologies and how these constitute obstacles or objections to learning or to making practice or policy changes. These ideologies include 1) identification with a for-profit and private market oral health care system; 2) “equal treatment”, a belief constraining concern for equity and the recognition of discriminatory practices; 3) a predominantly biomedical orientation to care; and 4) stereotypical categorization of publically insured patients into « deserving » vs. « non-deserving » poor. This knowledge contributes to our understanding of systemic influences on professionals’ practices and interactions with patients living on welfare. We discuss implications for research, dental education and knowledge translation, as well as in terms of oral health policy and oral health professional regulation.
Rouleau, Dominique. "Mécanisme de référence en orthopédie pour mono-traumatisme dans un centre de traumatologie niveau 1". Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2747.
Texto completo da fontePatients with isolated traumatic limb injuries usually consult primary care for first line treatment. The primary care physician will often refer the patient to an orthopaedic surgeon when needed. The research objective was to study the referral mechanism to an Orthopaedic Service in a Level 1 Trauma Center for patients with an isolated limb injury. Access to specialized care and quality of primary care are used to describe the referral mechanism. We studied 166 consecutives patients referred to orthopaedic surgery over a 4 months period. Before the orthopaedic visit, 23 % had seen 2 or more doctors for their injury. The time between the first primary care visit and the orthopaedic evaluation was greater (68 hours) then the interval between the injury and the visit with primary care (21 hours). Among the cases that were considered urgent, 36 % had not been seen within the recommended delay. Quality of initial care was judged sub optimal for 49 % of patients in terms of immobilization, analgesia and/or walking aids. Factors associated with decreased access or quality of care are: smoking, younger age, living far from the hospital, consulting first in a private clinic, lower limb or soft tissue injury and a patient‟s low self-perception of severity. These results underline the necessity of targeting primary care education and improving the referral mechanism for patients with isolated limb injuries.
Hughes, David. "La décision d’inscrire un médicament anticancéreux onéreux sur les listes des produits pharmaceutiques assurés au Québec : critères, principes éthiques et contexte". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21401.
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