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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Qualitative research – moral and ethical aspects"
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Holloway, Immy, e Stephanie Wheeler. "Ethical Issues in Qualitative Nursing Research". Nursing Ethics 2, n.º 3 (setembro de 1995): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309500200305.
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This article is concerned with ethical issues that have to be considered when under taking qualitative research. Some of the issues - such as informed consent, the dignity and privacy of the research subjects, voluntary participation and protection from harm - are the same as in other types of research and have their basis in moral and ethical principles. Qualitative research, however, generates specific ethical problems because of the close relationship that researchers form with participants. Qualitative research with patients is especially difficult because of their vulnerability and lack of power in the clinical situation. Therefore the potential conflict between the dual role of the nurse - the professional and the research roles - has to be solved. Researchers also learn how to cope with the tension of subjective and objective elements of the research. Nurses who attempt qualitative research have to consider a variety of complex ethical issues, which are addressed in this paper.
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Oelhafen, Stephan, Settimio Monteverde e Eva Cignacco. "Exploring moral problems and moral competences in midwifery: A qualitative study". Nursing Ethics 26, n.º 5 (27 de março de 2018): 1373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018761174.
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Background: Most undergraduate midwifery curricula comprise ethics courses to strengthen the moral competences of future midwives. By contrast, surprisingly little is known about the specific moral competences considered to be relevant for midwifery practice. Describing these competences not only depends on generic assumptions about the moral nature of midwifery practice but also reflects which issues practitioners themselves classify as moral. Objective: The goal of this study was to gain insight into the ethical issues midwives encounter in their daily work, the key competences and resources they consider indispensable to understand and deal with them, and to assess phenomena linked to moral distress. Methods: We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with eight midwives and two other health professionals, varying in terms of years of experience and work setting. Interview transcripts were analyzed in an interdisciplinary research group, following thematic analysis. Ethical considerations: This study was not subject to approval according to the Swiss Law on Research with Humans. Participants were informed about the study goals and gave written informed consent prior to participation. Results: External constraints limiting the midwife’s and the patient’s autonomy and resulting interpersonal conflicts were found to be the most relevant ethical issues encountered in clinical practice and were most often associated with moral distress. These conflicts often arise in the context of medical interventions midwives consider as not appropriate and situations in which less experienced midwives in particular observe a lack of both interprofessional communication and trust in their professional competence. Ethical issues related to late abortions or prenatal diagnostics and selective abortions were also frequently addressed, but many midwives involved had learned to cope with them. Discussion: In the light of the ethical issues and factors contributing to phenomena of moral distress, an empirically grounded profile of moral competences is drafted. Curricular implications in the light of possible adaptations within undergraduate midwifery education are critically discussed.
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Heggestad, Anne Kari T., Per Nortvedt e Åshild Slettebø. "The importance of moral sensitivity when including persons with dementia in qualitative research". Nursing Ethics 20, n.º 1 (19 de novembro de 2012): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733012455564.
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The aim of this article is to show the importance of moral sensitivity when including persons with dementia in research. The article presents and discusses ethical challenges encountered when a total of 15 persons with dementia from two nursing homes and seven proxies were included in a qualitative study. The examples show that the ethical challenges may be unpredictable. As researchers, you participate with the informants in their daily life and in the interviews, and it is not possible to plan all that may happen during the research. A procedural proposal to an ethical committee at the beginning of a research project based on traditional research ethical principles may serve as a guideline, but it cannot solve all the ethical problems one faces during the research process. Our main argument in this article is, therefore, that moral sensitivity is required in addition to the traditional research ethical principles throughout the whole process of observing and interviewing the respondents.
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Elmore, James, David Kenneth Wright e Maude Paradis. "Nurses’ moral experiences of assisted death: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research". Nursing Ethics 25, n.º 8 (28 de dezembro de 2016): 955–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016679468.
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Background: Legislative changes are resulting in assisted death as an option for people at the end of life. Although nurses’ experiences and perspectives are underrepresented within broader ethical discourses about assisted death, there is a small but significant body of literature examining nurses’ experiences of caring for people who request this option. Aim: To synthesize what has been learned about nurses’ experiences of caring for patients who request assisted death and to highlight what is morally at stake for nurses who undertake this type of care. Design: Qualitative meta-synthesis. Methods: Six databases were searched: CINAHL, Medline, EMBASE, Joanna Briggs Institute, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The search was completed on 22 October 2014 and updated in February 2016. Of 879 articles identified from the database searches, 16 articles were deemed relevant based on inclusion criteria. Following quality appraisal, 14 studies were retained for analysis and synthesis. Results: The moral experience of the nurse is (1) defined by a profound sense of responsibility, (2) shaped by contextual forces that nurses navigate in everyday end-of-life care practice, and (3) sustained by intra-team moral and emotional support. Discussion: The findings of this synthesis support the view that nurses are moral agents who are deeply invested in the moral integrity of end-of-life care involving assisted death. The findings further demonstrate that to fully appreciate the ethics of assisted death from a nursing standpoint, it is necessary to understand the broader constraints on nurses’ moral agency that operate in everyday end-of-life care. Ethical considerations: Research ethics board approval was not required for this synthesis of previously published literature. Conclusion: In order to understand how to enact ethical practice in the area of assisted death, the moral experiences of nurses should be investigated and foregrounded.
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Fida, Roberta, Carlo Tramontano, Marinella Paciello, Mari Kangasniemi, Alessandro Sili, Andrea Bobbio e Claudio Barbaranelli. "Nurse moral disengagement". Nursing Ethics 23, n.º 5 (agosto de 2016): 547–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015574924.
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Background: Ethics is a founding component of the nursing profession; however, nurses sometimes find it difficult to constantly adhere to the required ethical standards. There is limited knowledge about the factors that cause a committed nurse to violate standards; moral disengagement, originally developed by Bandura, is an essential variable to consider. Research objectives: This study aimed at developing and validating a nursing moral disengagement scale and investigated how moral disengagement is associated with counterproductive and citizenship behaviour at work. Research design: The research comprised a qualitative study and a quantitative study, combining a cross-validation approach and a structural equation model. Participants and research context: A total of 60 Italian nurses (63% female) involved in clinical work and enrolled as students in a postgraduate master’s programme took part in the qualitative study. In 2012, the researchers recruited 434 nurses (76% female) from different Italian hospitals using a convenience sampling method to take part in the quantitative study. Ethical considerations: All the organisations involved and the university gave ethical approval; all respondents participated on a voluntary basis and did not receive any form of compensation. Findings: The nursing moral disengagement scale comprised a total of 22 items. Results attested the mono-dimensionality of the scale and its good psychometric properties. In addition, results highlighted a significant association between moral disengagement and both counterproductive and citizenship behaviours. Discussion: Results showed that nurses sometimes resort to moral disengagement in their daily practice, bypassing moral and ethical codes that would normally prevent them from enacting behaviours that violate their norms and protocols. Conclusion: The nursing moral disengagement scale can complement personnel monitoring and assessment procedures already in place and provide additional information to nursing management for designing interventions aimed at increasing compliance with ethical codes by improving the quality of the nurses’ work environment.
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Dašić, Dejan, Gruja Kostadinović e Milan Stanković. "Ethical Aspects of Science and Technological Innovations". International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE) 11, n.º 2 (31 de agosto de 2023): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2334-8496-2023-11-2-343-350.
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The progress of civilization depends on both science and ethics, on two different ideas. Unlike ethics, which deals with moral principles and ideals that guide human behavior, science is based on logical argumentation, empirical data, and methodical testing. However, as science develops, it often raises ethical questions that must be addressed. As a result, science and ethics are intertwined and both are essential for the moral and long-term advancement of science. This research examines the results of two interconnected processes: the quick development of science and technology and its moral ramifications, or the harm it does to people’s lives all around the world. The writers highlight the need for a qualitative shift in attitudes toward nature and society as a whole in order to address environmental challenges and remove the threat of a global ecological disaster by analyzing the substance and impact of these processes.
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Arnold, Tracey C. "Moral distress in emergency and critical care nurses: A metaethnography". Nursing Ethics 27, n.º 8 (23 de julho de 2020): 1681–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733020935952.
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Background: Moral distress has detrimental effects on nurses which impacts the entire healthcare cycle. Described as a crescendo effect, resolved situations of moral distress leave residue on the nurse with three potential outcomes: moral numbing, conscious objection to the situation, and burnout. Objective: This metaethnography strives to achieve a fuller understanding of moral distress by interpreting the body of qualitative work of moral distress in emergency and critical care nurses. Method: This study used the Noblit and Hare’s approach of interpretative synthesis. Ten studies met the criteria and were used in this synthesis. Ethical considerations: Ethical issues were minimal since no human subjects were involved. Ethical requirements were respected in all study phases. Results: The synthesis of qualitative research on moral distress resulted in one central theme, “the battle within,” and five subthemes. Conclusions: The unique nature of this nursing specialty resulted in a lasting inner conflict for nurses that is consistent with the previously described crescendo effect. The effects are complex and long lasting and may potentially affect the nurses’ future patient care.
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Schipper, Karen, Elleke Landeweer e Tineke A. Abma. "Living with end-stage renal disease: Moral responsibilities of patients". Nursing Ethics 25, n.º 8 (18 de janeiro de 2017): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016687154.
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Background: Living with a renal disease often reduces quality of life because of the stress it entails. No attention has been paid to the moral challenges of living with renal disease. Objectives: To explore the moral challenges of living with a renal disease. Research design: A case study based on qualitative research. We used Walker’s ethical framework combined with narrative ethics to analyse how negotiating care responsibilities lead to a new perspective on moral issues. Participants and research context: One case was chosen from 20 qualitative interviews with renal patients in the Netherlands. Ethical considerations: Several actions have been taken to ensure the informed consent, privacy, anonymity and confidentiality of the patient in this article. More details are offered in this article. The study has been conducted in line with the recommendations of the Medical Ethical Committee of the VU Medical Center. Findings: A renal disease can force people to change their identity, relationships, values and responsibilities. The case study illustrates the moral challenges confronting renal patients. Discussion and conclusion:: Moral issues can be raised by the changes to identities, relationships, values and responsibilities caused by renal disease. Support services for renal patients and their relatives should pay more attention to these issues in order to promote self-management.
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Ko, Hsun-Kuei, Hui-Chen Tseng, Chi-Chun Chin e Min-Tao Hsu. "Phronesis of nurses: A response to moral distress". Nursing Ethics 27, n.º 1 (11 de abril de 2019): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019833126.
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Background: As moral action could help nurses reduce moral distress, it is necessary to carry out qualitative research to present the experiences in which nurses apply moral action. Aim: To describe and analyze the phronesis applied by nurses in the face of moral distress. Research design: The research participants were invited to participate in in-depth interviews. The research materials were based on the stories described by the research participants and recorded by means of first-person narrative. Narrative analysis was applied to interpret the nurses’ phronesis. Participants: Twenty-seven nurses from Taiwan. Ethical considerations: The Institutional Review Board of the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital in Taiwan confirmed that this study passed the research ethical review. Findings: According to the narrative analysis results, the phenomenon of moral distress contains difficulty, action, and idea transformation. The difficulty is the source of moral distress, action is the practice of moral courage, and idea transformation is the nurse’s emotional movement. Action and idea transformation are collectively called phronesis in this study. Discussion: Moral distress refers to a state of suffering caused by situations in which nurses cannot carry out their ethical intentions. Phronesis is the process through which nurses take actions and relocate the subjects and is an ethical way to find relief from moral distress. Starting with empathy and respectful attitudes arising from self-reflection, nurses may be helped to get relief from the suffering of moral distress. Conclusion: Phronesis can help nurses positively face the emotional strain of moral distress. This article puts forward a narrative method to complete the four steps of phronesis: write about the care experience, identify the difficulties in the stories, seek the possibility of action, and form a new care attitude, which could help nurses learn to reduce their moral distress.
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Rasoal, Dara, Annica Kihlgren, Inger James e Mia Svantesson. "What healthcare teams find ethically difficult". Nursing Ethics 23, n.º 8 (3 de agosto de 2016): 825–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015583928.
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Background: Ethically difficult situations are frequently encountered by healthcare professionals. Moral case deliberation is one form of clinical ethics support, which has the goal to support staff to manage ethical difficulties. However, little is known which difficult situations healthcare teams need to discuss. Aim: To explore which kinds of ethically difficult situations interprofessional healthcare teams raise during moral case deliberation. Research design: A series of 70 moral case deliberation sessions were audio-recorded in 10 Swedish workplaces. A descriptive, qualitative approach was applied, using thematic content analysis. Ethical considerations: An advisory statement specifying no objections to the study was provided from an Ethical Review Board, and consent to be recorded was assumed by virtue of participation in the moral case deliberation. Findings: Three themes emerged: powerlessness over managing difficult interactions with patients and next-of-kin, unease over unsafe and unequal care, and uncertainty over who should have power over care decisions. The powerlessness comprised feelings of insufficiency, difficulties to respond or manage patient’s/next-of-kin’s emotional needs or emotional outbursts and discouragement over motivating patients not taking responsibility for themselves. They could be uncertain over the patient’s autonomy, who should have power over life and death, disclosing the truth or how much power next-of-kin should have. Discussion: The findings suggest that the nature of the ethically difficult situations brought to moral case deliberations contained more relational-oriented ethics than principle-based ethics, were permeated by emotions and the uncertainties were pervaded by power aspects between stakeholders. Conclusion: MCD can be useful in understanding the connection between ethical issues and emotions from a team perspective.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Qualitative research – moral and ethical aspects"
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Brunk, Katja H. "Essays on consumer perceived ethicality (CPE) of companies and brands". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210027.
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Following the call for further research on the consumer perspective of corporate ethics, this research sets out to explore and conceptualize the construct of ‘Consumer Perceived Ethicality’ (CPE), referring to consumers’ aggregate and valenced perceptions of a subject’s(i.e. a company, brand, product, or service) ethicality. Results present novel insights into how positive/negative CPE is formed and impacted by various kinds of corporate conduct, thereby offering some explanations as to why some companies benefit from positive while others suffer from negative moral equity.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Cummine, Angela. "A citizen's stake in Sovereign Wealth Funds : the management, investment and distribution of sovereign wealth". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5c3b8fa7-768e-445f-b4f1-54297dca9582.
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Over the past five years, Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) have become a prominent phenomenon in contemporary capitalism. Described as government investment vehicles that invest state wealth in financial markets, the majority of the world's 60-plus funds have been established since the year 2000. Despite extensive treatments of SWFs' geopolitical and international significance, ethical and domestic level analyses are sparse. In response, this thesis interrogates three key normative questions raised by the funds for the domestic citizen-state relationship: (1) How (and by whom) should sovereign funds be managed? (2) How should sovereign wealth be invested? (3) How should the earnings of sovereign fund investment be distributed? In answering these questions, this thesis aims to dispel ambiguity over the ownership status of sovereign funds, evident in popular and academic discourse and within communities that establish these entities. For this task, it draws on recently revived fiduciary theory of the citizen-state relationship to argue that the rightful owner of these funds is the citizenry - not states or governments who enjoy physical and legal possession of SWFs. It goes on to examine the implications of this fiduciary state conception of SWF ownership, asking how citizen-owners should enjoy control over and benefit from the distinct constituent parts of their SWF property: the institution of the fund, the underlying sovereign wealth and the financial returns earned on the investment of its assets. The model of citizen ownership defended demands substantially increased popular control over SWF management and the investment of sovereign wealth, as well as direct benefit rights for citizen-owners to fund income through individualised distribution of investment returns. Examination of existing practice among SWFs demonstrates that this normative ideal is far, although not impossibly distant from current institutional practice.
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Zeiler, Kristin. "Chosen Children? : An empirical study and a philosophical analysis of moral aspects of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and germ-line gene therapy". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Hälsa och samhälle, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4276.
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With pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), genetic testing and selective transfer of embryos is possible. In the future, germ-line gene therapy (GLGT) applied to embryos before implantation, in order to introduce missing genes or replace mutant ones, may be possible. The objective of this dissertation is to analyse moral aspects of these technologies, as described by eighteen British, Italian and Swedish gynaecologists and geneticists. The objective is systematised into three parts: research interviews and qualitative analysis, philosophical analysis, and elaboration of a framework that supports the combination of analytic methods. PGD was described as positive since it enabled some couples at risk for a genetic disease to have a child without the disease. PGD was described as in different senses ‘better’ than methods for prenatal diagnosis and selective termination of pregnancy. It was also described as positive since it provided couples at risk with one more option, even if it did not result in the birth of a healthy child. However, interviewees were concerned about the difficulty of defining and evaluating genetic disease. They were also concerned about patients’ choices, and about exaggerated use or misuse. Whereas PGD gave rise to ambivalence in terms of how to understand, describe and evaluate it, GLGT was often described as unrealistic or undesirable. The results of the qualitative analysis are used in a philosophical analysis of the concepts of choice, autonomous choice, ambivalence, trust and ambivalence in trust relations. A set of distinct characteristics of each concept are elaborated. The results of the philosophical analysis are used in the discussion of the results of the qualitative analysis. The study shows that the technologies imply both ‘new’ ways to perform ‘old’ medical practices and ‘new’ practices. Old moral questions are reformulated. New moral questions are added. Against the background of this, the concept of genetic identity is discussed. Key words: empirical ethics, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, germ-line gene therapy, qualitative research, philosophical analysis, medical progress, genetic disease, choice, autonomous choice, ambivalence, trust, genetic identity.
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Olivier, Stephen Chris. "Ethical issues in human movement research". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015402.
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In acknowledging past abuses of humans in research contexts, and recognising the potential for malpractices in Human Movement Studies (HMS), this study evaluated the extent to which ethical issues are addressed in the discipline. The primary method consisted of the standard techniques of philosophic analysis, with empirical data complementing the conclusions. In general, the study contends that insufficient attention is paid to ethical issues in HMS research. In response to a set of specifically constructed, ethically problematic research proposals, only 1.8% of comments from senior researchers advocated rejection of the proposals on ethical grounds. Also, a journal search indicated that consideration of ethical issues in published research may largely be absent. Questionnaire responses revealed that South African HMS departments may be deficient in terms of accountability towards ethical guidelines. Whilst noting the existence of utilitarian ethics in HMS research, it is advocated that deontologic principles should take precedence. Further, only a sound educative effort will produce improvements. In conclusion, this study advocates a deontology-based approach to research ethics. This is consistent with the contention that the use of humans in research is a privilege, and that the rights of participants ought to outweigh the desire of researchers to conduct research.
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Wilson, Shawn Stanley. "Research as ceremony : articulating an indigenous research paradigm". Monash University, School of Humanities, Communications and Social Sciences, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5341.
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Champon, Benoit. "How to regulate embryo research? : a procedural approach". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80913.
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Over the past few years, embryo research has been a widely discussed topic. New techniques such as embryo stem cell research or therapeutic cloning are considered by scientists to be very promising. Nevertheless, opponents of these experimentations warn against the commodification of human life forms and argue that the moral status of embryos should protect them from being destroyed purely for research.Legislations on this topic have been enacted in most Western countries, though they are still much criticised. Is there an adequate way of regulating embryo research? Our argument suggests that consensus can only be procedurally obtained. That is, we believe that only legislative assemblies should have authority to take a position on this controversial topic, which is subject to moral disagreement, and as such, judges should only have a minor role.
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Dunsire, Matthew. "Emotion altering effects of research participation". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1219.
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Previous studies have suggested that participating in psychological research may temporarily amplify participants’ experience of positive or negative emotions (Daugherty & Lawrence. 1996). In the present research, 114 male and female university students completed either self-focused or non-self-focused questionnaires to investigate characteristics that may predispose some participants to positive or negative reactions following participation in research. Four hypotheses were examined: (a) A self-focused task compared to a non-self-focused task would significantly increase average levels of emotional arousal; (b) the amplification of emotional reactions would be greater in females than males (c) participants experiencing negative life events and who are less well adjusted would experience a negative emotional reaction to participation; and (d) participants experiencing positive life events and who are well adjusted would experience a positive emotional reaction to participation. Results suggest no difference between self-focused and non-self-focused tasks in their ability to effect emotions during research participation. Findings also indicate that males' emotional reaction was significantly more elevated than females after participation. Personality traits rather than life experiences were also identified as better predictors of emotional reactions to participation. These results bring into question conclusions drawn by previous research about sex-differences and self-focused attention and suggest that completion of self-report questionnaires have few aversive affects.
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Hon, Wai-fan, e 韓慧芬. "Fraud in clinical research: perceptions amongclinical investigators and biomedical researchers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724414.
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Dick, Liezl. "Verantwoordelikheid en die nuwe genetiese tegnologiee : filosofiese perspektiewe op die relevansie van 'n etiek van verantwoordelikheid vir morele besinning oor kloning en stamselnavorsing". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21775.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: New genetic technologies (e.g. stem-cell research, gene-therapies and cloning) raise some of the most enigmatic moral problems in the field of bioethics. My aim in this thesis is to explore the philosophical and ethical significance of the idea of an “ethics of responsibility” (as, particularly, developed in the work of Hans Jonas, Zygmunt Bauman and Emmanuel Levinas) for moral reflection on these problems. “Ethics of responsibility” is a new approach to ethics that represents an alternative to both rule morality (where moral action is identified with the application of rules) and utilitarianism (where moral action is identified with establishing the best consequences for the most people). Rule morality has the serious shortcoming of being unable to deal with real and actual moral dilemmas, and of being unclear as to which rule applies in which situation. Utilitarianism has the serious shortcoming of often being way too counter-intuitive: deeds that we normally find morally abhorrent, such a lying, stealing and even torturing can, within the utilitarian calculus, sometimes be justified. The notion of an ethics of responsibility has been promoted by the mentioned authors both to counter the simplistic idea that a rule exists in terms of which every moral action can be determined, but also to counter the crassness of the utilitarian calculus. It represents an approach to ethics in which the interests of the other are taken as seriously as possible within the confines of the situation in which action is called for. My aim is to explore this approach critically, and to invesitgate its desirability, applicability and efficacy with particular reference to the moral problems raised by the new genetic technologies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nuwe genetiese tegnologieë bv stamselnavorsing en kloning, opper enigmatiese morele probleme binne die veld van bio-etiek. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om die filosofiese en etiese belang van die idee van “ ‘n etiek van verantwoordelikheid” (soos dit in die werk van Hans Jonas, Zygmunt Bauman en Emmaneul Levinas ontwikkel is) vir morele refleksie van hierdie probleme te ondersoek. ‘n Etiek van verantwoordelikheid is ‘n nuwe benadering binne etiek wat ‘n alternatief daarstel vir onderskeidelik utilitarisme (waar ‘n moreel korrekte aksie dié aksie is wat die beste gevolge vir die meeste mense tot stand bring) en deontologie of reël-moraliteit (waar ‘n moreel korrekte aksie dié aksie is wat die morele reëls gehoorsaam). Albei hierdie tradisionele etiese teorie beskik oor tekortkominge. Utilitarisme voer byvoorbeeld aan dat ‘n aksie wat gewoonlik as kontraintuitief beskou word, moreel korrek is. Aksies soos steel, die vertel van leuens en marteling kan volgens die utilitaristiese beskouing moreel regverdig word. Deontologie slaag weer nie daarin om sinvol met werklike en aktuele morele probleme om te gaan nie, en dit is dikwels onduidelik watter morele reël voorkeur moet kry wanneer dit op ‘n morele dilemma toegepas word. ‘n Etiek van verantwoordelikheid wat deur bogenoemde outeurs voorgestaan word, bied ‘n alternatief vir die simplisitese idee dat vaste morele reël bestaan wat op ‘n universele wyse kan bepaal wanneer ‘n aksie moreel reg of verkeerd is. ‘n Etiek van verantwoordelikheid beweeg ook weg van die kras benadering van utilitarisme, en bied ‘n maak ruimte vir ‘n meer komplekse, genuanseerde benadering tot die etiese problematiek. Dit verskaf ‘n benadering tot etiek waar die belange van die ander binne die etiese besluitnemingsproses, ernstig opgeneem word. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om die tradisionele etiese teorie krities te benader, waarna die toepasbaarheid en effektiwiteit van ‘n etiek van verantwoordelikheid, ondersoek sal word.
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De, Roubaix J. A. M. (John Addey Malcolm). "Value, utility and autonomy : a moral-critical analysis of utilitarian positions on the value of prenatal life". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50542.
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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Problem statement For utilitarians, human beings have intrinsic moral significance based on only two acquired characteristics: sentience, or the ability to suffer, and psychological personhood. Sentience is the entrance-requirement for moral significance, but does not justify a "right to life" claim; at most a "right" not to suffer. Personhood, described as some sort of self-conscious awareness with a concept of the future, may justify a "right to life" claim. However, since personhood is absent in prenatal beings, and only develops some time after birth, the implication is that such beings have little moral significance and may, for instance, be killed "at will". The moral problem that I address in this dissertation is to investigate, assess and evaluate the utilitarian position on the moral status or value of prenatal life. Methodology and results I firstly, on the basis of an extensive literature study, make a detailed analysis of the utilitarian position with reference to a number of themes that I have identified in their argument. This is followed by a critical philosophical evaluation of the utilitarian position, based on six particular arguments: • Utilitarianism is philosophically incoherent. It over-simplifies the moral argument in claiming that consequences are all that matter morally. Its underlying moral theory is at odds with moral claims contained in contemporary notions of human rights and individual justice. It ignores the moral significance of special obligations to special groups. • Utilitarianism potentially has unacceptable consequences. It IS inherently discriminatory and may lead to legitimate "slippery slope" fears. • Utilitarianism clashes with our fundamental moral intuitions on the value of prenatal life. These intuitions are cherished in most world religions. • Contrary to the utilitarian position, speciesism is inevitable to the human condition, especially argued from a position of existential phenomenology. Self- constitution, simultaneous constitution of the world as we know it, and the very possibility of morality are possible only within a particular notion of speciesism. • The potentiality of pre-persons to develop into persons cannot be as convincingly ignored as is done by the utilitarian. • There is a basic and underlying need and intuition to protect vulnerable human beings, of which pre-persons are exemplars. These notions clash with utilitarian theory. As an alternative, I introduce, set out and evaluate a two-phased position on the moral significance of pre-personal human life, a position of respectfulness of prenatal and pre-personal human life based upon its humanity, potentiality and separation-viability. This leads, firstly, to the conclusion of a graded, sliding scale conception of human prepersonal moral significance in line with the level of development and with the actuation of potentiality. Secondly, it leads to the conclusion that the advent of separationsurvivability (viability) is a morally significant cut-off point beyond which the human fetus may "normally" have a justifiable right to the continuation of its life. In as far as the application of my argument is concerned, I develop a "moderate" position with reference to the abortion debate. Whilst I recognize that all human prenatal beings of which it can be argued that they have a reasonable chance to develop their intrinsic potentiality, i.e., to become full-fledged persons, should have the opportunity to do so, I also recognize that neither this position, nor the complexities of life make it possible to hold "absolute" positions on the justifiability of abortion. I explore this extremely problematic notion in the text. That having been said, the advent of separation-survivability may imply a "moral cut-off point", beyond which termination is only rarely justified. I argue that I find no moral hindrance to wellmotivated research on human pre-embryos and stem cells.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Probleemstelling Utilitariste huldig sterk omlynde standpunte oor die waarde van lewe. Hulle redeneer dat menslike (inderwaarheid, alle lewende) wesens slegs op grond van twee eienskappe intrinsieke morele waarde kan verwerf: sentiëntisme, d.i. die vermoë om lyding te ervaar, en persoonstatus. Sentiëntisme is 'n bepalende vereiste vir morele status, maar regverdig nie 'n "reg op lewe"-aanspraak nie. Persoonsyn, verstaan as 'n vorm van selfbewustheid tesame met 'n bewuste belang by die voortsetting van eie bestaan, mag wel so 'n aanspraak regverdig. Voorgeboortelike (en "voorpersoonlike") wesens is egter nie persone nie; hulle word eers (aansienlik) ná geboorte volwaardige persone. Die implikasie is dat sulke wesens weinig morele status het, en byvoorbeeld, na willekeur gedood mag word. Die morele probleem wat ek in hierdie dissertasie aanspreek is om die utilitaristiese beskouing ten opsigte van die morale status of waarde van voorgeboortelike lewe krities-filosofies te ondersoek en te evalueer. Metodologie en gevolgtrekkings Eerstens maak ek na aanleiding van 'n gedetaileerde literatuurstudie 'n in-diepte analise van van die utilitaristiese posisie aan die hand van 'n aantal temas wat ek in hul argument geïdentifiseer het. Daarna volg 'n krities-filosofiese evaluasie van die utilitaristiese posisie, aan die hand van ses argumente: • Utilitarisme is filosofies onsamehangend. Dit oorvereenvoudig die morele argument deur voor te gee dat gevolge al is wat moreel saakmaak. Die onderliggende utilitaristiese teorie bots met die morele eise vervat in kontemporêre sienings van menseregte en geregtigheid. Dit negeer die morele belangrikheid van spesiale verpligtinge teenoor spesiale belangegroepe. • Utilitarisme het potensieelonaanvaarbare gevolge. Dit IS inherent diskriminerend en kan lei tot onkeerbare glybaan ("slippery slope")-argumente. Utilitarisme bots met ons fundamentele morele intuïsies betreffende die waarde van voorgeboortelike lewe. Hierdie intuïsies word onder meer ondersteun deur die meeste hoofstroom godsdienste. • Spesiësisme is, in kontras met die utilitaristiese beskouing, onafwendbaar vir ons selfverstaan as mense, soos aangetoon kan word met 'n beroep op die eksistensiële fenomenologie. Self-konstituering, gelyktydige konstituering van die wêreld van die mens, en selfs die moontlikheid van moraliteit is slegs moontlik vanuit' n bepaalde spesiësistiese beskouing. • Die potensialiteit van "pre-persone" om tot volwaardige persone te ontwikkel kan nie, soos die utilitaris doen, sonder meer geïgnoreer word nie. • Daar is 'n basiese en onderliggende morele eis om swak en weerlose menslike wesens te beskerm. Hierdie idees bots lynreg met utilitaristiese teorie. As 'n alternatief tot die utilitaristiese beskouing, ontwikkel ek 'n twee-fase posisie betreffende die morele waarde van voorgeboortelike menslike lewe. Ek noem hierdie posisie agting vir voorgeboortelike en voor-persoonlike menslike lewe gebaseer op die menslikheid, potensialiteit en oorleefbaarheid van prenatale mense. Dit lei, eerstens, tot die gevolgtrekking van 'n gegradeerde glyskaal konsepsie van voor-persoonlike menslike morele waarde, min of meer parallel aan die vlak van ontwikkeling en die ontwikkeling van potensialiteit. Tweedens lei dit tot die gevolgtrekking dat die ontwikkeling van lewensvatbaarheid 'n moreel-beduidende afsnypunt is waarna die menslike fetus "normaalweg" aanspraak kan maak op 'n reg dat sy lewe voortgesit moet word. In soverre dit die toepassing van my argument betref, ontwikkel ek 'n "gematigde" posisie vis-á-vis aborsie. Ek redeneer dat alle menslike voorgeboortelike wesens wat 'n redelike kans het dat hul intrinsieke potensialiteit verder sal ontwikkel, die geleentheid daartoe gegun behoort te word. Ek aanvaar ook dat nog hierdie beskouing, nog die kompleksiteit van die menslike bestaan "absolute" posisies moreel regverdig. Die problematiek en inherente spanning tussen hierdie oënskynlik-opponerende posisies word in die teks bespreek. Nogtans beskou ek die ontwikkeling van lewensvatbaarheid as 'n moreel insiggewende afsnypunt waarna terminasie net in buitengewone omstandighede moreel regverdigbaar is.
Livros sobre o assunto "Qualitative research – moral and ethical aspects"
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Trevor, Welland, e Pugsley Lesley, eds. Ethical dilemmas in qualitative research. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2002.
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Van den Hoonaard, Will. C. 1942-, ed. Walking the tightrope: Ethical issues for qualitative researchers. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002.
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Hays, Danica G. Qualitative inquiry in clinical and educational settings. New York: Guilford Press, 2012.
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Krysik, Judy. Research for effective social work practice. Boston, Mass: McGraw-Hill, 2007.
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Doucet, Hubert, Edith Gaudreau e Marie Angèle Grimaud. Ethique et recherche qualitative dans le secteur de la santé: Échanges sur les défis. Montréal: Acfas, 2006.
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Jerry, Finn, ed. Research for effective social work practice. 3a ed. New York: Routledge, 2013.
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Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP). Ethical guidelines for research. Ottawa: The Commission, 1993.
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Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP). Ethical guidelines for research. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1992.
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Darwin, Cheney, ed. Ethical issues in research. Frederick, Md: University Pub. Group, 1993.
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Goralnick, Jerry, Lauren Farrar e Nimmers Stern. Research ethics. New York, N.Y: Insight Media, 2008.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Qualitative research – moral and ethical aspects"
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Ostovar-Namaghi, Seyyed Ali. "Chapter 10. Phenomenology". In Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 162–79. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rmal.6.10ost.
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This chapter aims to explore Phenomenology as a research methodology. To this end, it will first present its epistemological, ontological, and axiological underpinnings. It will then briefly explain its theoretical foundations by explaining the similarities and differences between transcendental and interpretative Phenomenology. This is followed by the principles and properties that differentiate Phenomenology from other modes of qualitative research. Subsequently, the purpose of this mode of research is clarified by explaining and exemplifying the types of research questions it tackles. More practical aspects of this methodology will then be explored by illustrating how the data are collected and analysed and how ethical issues are addressed in the research process and product. Finally, it will present responses to the critiques levelled against this research methodology before concluding the chapter.
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Miller, Gloria J. "Artificial Intelligence Project Success Factors—Beyond the Ethical Principles". In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 65–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98997-2_4.
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AbstractThe algorithms implemented through artificial intelligence (AI) and big data projects are used in life-and-death situations. Despite research that addresses varying aspects of moral decision-making based upon algorithms, the definition of project success is less clear. Nevertheless, researchers place the burden of responsibility for ethical decisions on the developers of AI systems. This study used a systematic literature review to identify five categories of AI project success factors in 17 groups related to moral decision-making with algorithms. It translates AI ethical principles into practical project deliverables and actions that underpin the success of AI projects. It considers success over time by investigating the development, usage, and consequences of moral decision-making by algorithmic systems. Moreover, the review reveals and defines AI success factors within the project management literature. Project managers and sponsors can use the results during project planning and execution.
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Bertolani, Barbara. "Migrant Domestic Space as Kinship Space: Dwelling in the “Distant Home” of One’s in-Laws". In IMISCOE Research Series, 209–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23125-4_12.
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AbstractMuch qualitative research on international migration has interrogated the influence of a migratory background on the access to the field, the quality and type of data being collected and their analytical interpretation. What happens, instead, if a researcher is part of the research field? What are the ethical, moral and relational constraints and opportunities that this position entails in data access and interpretation? This chapter is based on a study of home and homemaking in domestic spaces connected by international migration between Indian Punjab and Italy. I critically discuss the implications of my double positioning as someone who entered the homes of her in-laws as a female white European researcher, and as the wife of a relative. This has enabled me to live up close and as a family guest the daily life and domesticity in the “distant homes” of my relatives, and has certainly influenced the type of information collected. Drawing on some specific examples, I revisit the most frequent misunderstandings but also the contingent measures adopted to negotiate our respective expectations and roles. Moreover, the chapter analyzes the constraints and opportunities that this positioning has brought to my study, eventually showing what we can understand better and otherwise about migration and homemaking by doing research in the domestic space of our research participants.
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Schües, Christina, Christoph Rehmann-Sutter, Martina Jürgensen e Madeleine Herzog. "The Child’s Body and Bone Marrow Transplantation: Introduction". In Philosophy and Medicine, 3–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04166-2_1.
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AbstractQuestions concerning the ethical status of children, and their position and their relationships within families, have been widely debated in recent moral philosophy and biomedical ethics, as well as in pedagogic sciences and sociology. This volume is intended to contribute to these interdisciplinary debates from a very specific angle. Combining philosophical, ethical and qualitative empirical research, it focuses on a medical practice that brings out a particularly challenging and complex social and familial situation, thus illuminating family responsibilities and their conflicts, children’s dependency, the child’s body with all its meanings, and the specific roles of family members in a transformative situation. The practice concerned is the transplantation of bone marrow between siblings who are children at the time of transplant. These renewable haematopoietic stem cells, derived from the marrow of the hip bone, can serve as a medical therapy for the sick brother or sister.
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Giannouli, Vaitsa. "Business Ethics in Healthcare". In Research Anthology on Business Law, Policy, and Social Responsibility, 115–37. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2045-7.ch007.
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Over the last few decades, healthcare business and ethical values have been the focus of legal changes, especially in the Greek Healthcare System. The purpose of this chapter was to examine in both a quantitative and qualitative way what the Greek healthcare experts think and feel about ethics and healthcare services and to present the factors that shape attitudes towards ethical values from the viewpoint of the healthcare professionals. For this reason, 34 semi-structured interviews, accompanied by the administration of perceived cohesion scale, generalized immediacy scale, job affect scale, state anxiety inventory, Maslach burnout inventory, and the attitude towards business ethics questionnaire revealed that healthcare professionals in Greece do have knowledge of ethical values and moral responsibility, but no connections with specific emotional aspects were found. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications, and future directions on how business ethics can be further examined and applied.
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Vento Rojas, Juan Francisco, Ramón Osorio Alberto Bueno, Micaela Lujan Cabrera, Silvia Liliana Salazar Llerena, Fernando Emilio Escudero Vilchez e Mateo Mario Salazar Avalos. "Importancia de la ética en la influencia de la cultura del trabajo como requisito para procedimientos estadísticos". In Encuentros académicos : diversas disciplinas en diálogo. PUERTO MADERO EDITORIAL, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55204/pmea.43.c118.
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The interdisciplinarity of knowledge is limited according to ethical aspects that recognize the procedures to explain, validate and replicate cognitions with the intention of presenting a theory that is accepted by as many beings as possible to establish an updatable quantitative data that is difficult to refute. Having said this, it was discovered that ethics is an explicit consideration in the guidelines for the formulation of the work culture and a stipulation requested in the vast majority of statistical procedures according to standards determined by the authorities responsible for handling data found and disclosed and the integrity of the sources and communication channels used for the respective purpose. With this in mind, the objective was to analyzethe relevance of ethics in the culture of work and identify its importance in statistical procedures; so it was discussed with 5 inquiries publishedbetween 2019 and 2023, through the pure research, the qualitative approach, the systematic review and the flowchart Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).Raised the above, it was concluded that, although a relationship between the minimum margin of error of results and the absence of ethical considerations in hierarchicalorganizations is not explicit, the aspect formed by several moral conceptions is crucial to facilitate influence.
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"The Death of a Participant: Moral Obligation, Consent and Care in Qualitative Longitudinal Research". In Negotiating Ethical Challenges in Youth Research, 141–52. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203140796-18.
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Montalto, Andrea, e Francesco Musumeci. "Innovation and Research in Cardiac Surgery: Bioethical Aspects". In Bioethics in Medicine and Society. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94160.
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Significant advancements have been made in Cardiac surgery during the last decades, thanks to technological evolution. The enormous progress achieved has led to a relevant improvement in terms of surgical results, and at the same time, new ethical dilemmas have been addressed. Until the 90’s ethics in cardiac surgery mainly concerned significant moral problems caused by the introduction of extremely innovative techniques. However, today’s ethical issue focuses essentially on the doctor-patient relationship, other aspects of doctor’s practice concern relevant ethical perspectives. Ethics affects today the activity of the surgeon and the doctor in general. It is possible to distinguish clinical ethics, an ethics of health policies, and scientific research ethics. In the following chapter, we try to analyze the main ethical aspects concerning the application of cardiac surgical procedures.
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Tate, Tyler, e David Casarett. "Ethical issues in palliative care research". In Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine, editado por Nathan I. Cherny, Marie T. Fallon, Stein Kaasa, Russell K. Portenoy e David C. Currow, 1312–17. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0124.
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Recent growth in palliative care research has created a heterogeneous field that encompasses both qualitative and quantitative techniques, and descriptive as well as interventional studies. Despite the valuable knowledge that has been produced by this research, and the promise of future important advances, its progress has been impeded by a persistent uncertainty about the ethics of these studies. For instance, there have been concerns raised about whether patients near the end of life should ever be asked to participate in research, although others have objected to this extreme position. Nevertheless, the combination of ethical and practical issues can create substantial barriers to palliative care research. This chapter discusses five ethical aspects of palliative care research that investigators and clinicians should consider in designing and conducting palliative care research. These include (1) the study’s potential benefits to future patients, (2) the study’s potential benefits to subjects, (3) the study’s risks to subjects, (4) subjects’ decision-making capacity, and (5) the voluntariness of subjects’ choices about research participation.
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Coelho, Luis, e Sara Reis. "Ethical Issues of Gamification in Healthcare". In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice, 1–19. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7472-0.ch001.
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Gamification techniques have proven to be very effective in improving motivation and commitment, providing increased performance in both qualitative and quantitative terms. For this reason, it has been applied in more and more areas, with health and healthcare being no exception. The potential of this type of approach is enormous, and, on the one hand, it can motivate positive feelings; it can also foster deviant behaviors that fail to contribute to the individual and common good. This chapter aims to explore the relationship between the development of gamification systems and the ethical and moral aspects that are crucial elements when the target of the process becomes the human mind. The main questions and ethical dimensions that will allow us to constitute a reference framework for the development of gamification systems will be presented. Timely reflection and the inclusion of security mechanisms will allow us to develop better experiences for users, always combining improved motivation with the search for the good.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Qualitative research – moral and ethical aspects"
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Carvalho, Luiz Paulo, Rosa Maria M. Da Costa, Flávia Maria Santoro e Jonice Oliveira. "How to carry out a Brazilian research in computing considering ethical or moral aspects?" In SBSI '23: XIX Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3592813.3592900.
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Carvalho, Luiz Paulo, Lucas Murakami, José Antonio Suzano, Jonice Oliveira, Kate Revoredo e Flávia Maria Santoro. "Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Conference BRACIS?" In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2022.227590.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents many ethical dilemmas, such as explainability, bias, military uses, surveillance capitalism, employment, and jobs. In the scientific context, AI can lead us to a crisis of reproducibility spread across several areas of knowledge and guide mathematicians to solve high complexity problems. Both companies and government forward their guidelines, recommendations, and materials combining Ethics and AI. In this paper, we investigate the involvement of the Brazilian academic-scientific community with moral or ethical aspects through its publications, covering the Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems (BRACIS) as the most prominent Brazilian AI conference. Through a Literature Systematic Review method, we answer the main research question: what is the panorama of the explicit occurrence of ethical aspects in the BRACIS, ENIAC, and STIL conference papers? The results indicate a low occurrence of ethical aspects and increasing behavior over the years. Ethical deliberation was fruitful, constructive, and critical among these few occurrences. Whether in the Brazilian or international context, there are spaces to be filled and open opportunities for exploration along this path.
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Callari, Tiziana, Anne-Marie Oostveen, Ella-Mae Hubbard, Sarah Fletcher e Niels Lohse. "Where are we at? A review of the advances in the ethical aspects of human-robot collaboration". In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003506.
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Human-robot collaboration (HRC) is revolutionising the future of manufacturing and service industries. Ethical research on HRC regards all issues of safeguarding humans from unintended and potentially unethical risks and hazards associated with collaborative robots (also known as “cobots”). Within the CoBots domain, the term Roboethics has been coined to refer to the social and ethical aspects of the design, development, and employment of collaborative and intelligent robots, which could be clustered in four typologies: (1) robots as machines; (2) robots may have an intrinsic ethical dimension and be able to trigger emotions and feelings from users; (3) robots are seen as moral agents; (4) robots are an evolution of a new species, having a conscience and greater intellectual dimensions. This paper aims to provide a review of the available literature in the field to map the ethical aspects and concerns that are discussed in the HRC domain, taking into account the above Roboethics typologies. The paper will conclude outlining an agenda for future ethical research in HRC, specifically where current gaps emerge.
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Tallon, Rachel, e Joey Domdom. "Navigating Tensions in the Secular Workplace by Christians in the Social Services: Findings from an Aotearoa New Zealand Study". In 2021 ITP Research Symposium. Unitec ePress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/proc.2205015.
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The social services are a value-laden field of employment as work involves frequent ethical decision-making around issues that relate to values, such as end of life, sexuality and so forth. Tensions can exist between individual practitioners, their employment agency and society, concerning ethics and values. This paper presents partial findings from a qualitative study that explored the tensions or issues faced by 16 Christian social-service practitioners working in non-faith-based settings by asking the question, “What tensions do Christian practitioners face in secular organisations?” In particular, we present themes from the findings that show utilisation of Indigenous cultural and/or spiritual practices to strengthen faith and work. The context is Aotearoa New Zealand, where there are unique relationships between religions (both from colonial settlers and Indigenous people), spirituality, secularism and the provision of social services. How these various aspects intersect and affect the Christian practitioner was of interest to this study. This paper may contribute to further research concerning the use of Indigenous practices in modern social services and healthcare.
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Rueangkhachit, Saowanee. "THE RESULTS OF USING STORYTELLING WITH POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT FOR DEVELOP RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTS IN KINDERGARTEN 1/1 WATWETAWANTHAMMAWAT SCHOOL". In THE 2023 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CREATIITY, MANAGEMENT, EDUCATION, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES. EDUCATION STUDIO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62788/t873ipo.
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This thesis investigates the effectiveness of employing storytelling techniques combined with positive reinforcement strategies to cultivate responsible behavior among kindergarten 1/1 students at Watwetawanthammawat School. The study delves into the pivotal role of early childhood education in shaping positive behaviors and attitudes in young learners. Grounded in the theories of social learning and behavioral psychology, the research aims to explore how storytelling, as a pedagogical tool, can influence children's moral and ethical development. The research methodology employed a quasi-experimental design, dividing the participants into two groups: the experimental group, where storytelling sessions with positive reinforcement were implemented, and the control group, following traditional teaching methods. The study meticulously analyzed behavioral patterns, classroom interactions, and academic performance over an academic year. Additionally, qualitative data was collected through interviews and observations to gain deeper insights into the students' responses and experiences. The findings reveal a significant positive impact on the experimental group, indicating that incorporating storytelling with positive reinforcement techniques fosters responsible behavior among Kindergarten 1/1 students. The children in the experimental group exhibited improved social skills, empathy, and cooperation, leading to a more conducive and harmonious classroom environment. Moreover, their academic performance displayed notable enhancements, showcasing the holistic benefits of integrating storytelling and positive reinforcement methods in early childhood education. This research contributes valuable insights to the field of education, emphasizing the potential of innovative teaching strategies in nurturing responsible behavior among young learners. The study advocates for the adoption of storytelling with positive reinforcement techniques in early childhood education curricula, promoting a positive and inclusive learning environment that shapes the moral fabric of future generations.
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Jalen, Nataša, e Tina Vukasović. "Development of a Conceptual Marketing Model for Medicinal Products for Rare Diseases". In 6th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2022 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2022.309.
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Health is a basic human value and we cannot and should not set a price on it, but we can try to understand its value through the prism of morality, ethics, science and human connections. Health cannot be evaluated through the prism of moral principles (is a person good or bad, is he worth helping, is his contribution to society big enough for society to take care of him…). . Some individuals struggle with incurable diseases from birth and spend their entire lives searching for that piece of help or solution that would alleviate their suffering and pain and enable them to live a dignified life. The purpose of the article is to present the design for the development of a conceptual model, which will be the basis for subsequent empirical testing and the development of a marketing model for the entry of an orphan drug into the market, developed with the implementation of established marketing approaches and insights gained in qualitative research with a constructivist approach, and a designed marketing strategy that will follow the legislative and ethical principles required for the marketing of medicinal products.
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Novakova, Lenka, Ivana Grohmann, Jan Michalik, Petra Hajkova e Ivana Pospisilova. "RISK FACTORS IN THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WORKERS IN SOCIAL SERVICES AND THEIR CLIENTS". In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s07.071.
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The purpose of the research was to find out whether social service workers perceive close clients as dependent on the care provided. The so-called phenomenon of power and powerlessness can arise from this. We found out whether they are aware that there can be situations in social services where close people of clients feel subjective helplessness. This may result from the hopelessness of their situation, depending on the care of another person provided by the social service. This is also related to finding out whether the workers feel that they are an equal partner within the professional boundaries, and what strategies are used in solving different situations. The research is based on a qualitative data collection design, using the semi-structured interview method. As part of the presented research, some markers were identified that may have an influence on the given issue. It is especially respectful of communication and general system limits of social service providers. The results of the research can bring insight into the broad issue of communication and boundary aspects that may occur in connection with the care provided in the field of social services. They can contribute to the enrichment of knowledge about ethical issues in the field of helping professions.
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Cao, Tam, Yi Qing Khoo, Shivani Birajdar, Zhiyun Gong, Chia-fang Chung, Yassi Moghaddam, Anbang Xu et al. "Designing towards productivity: A centralized AI assistant concept for work". In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005090.
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Recent research has shown that Artificial Intelligence (AI) assistance can significantly improve workers’ productivity. Software such as Zoom and GitHub have also recently introduced AI into the system, marketed to enhance users’ productivity. While each software has its platform, users tend to feel overwhelmed by the numerous workplace tools available. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a centralized platform based around an AI chatbot that can answer user queries from the company's knowledge base and act as a personal assistant to help the user with daily workplace tasks. Exploratory interviews confirmed the need for such a system and gathered users’ expectations, guiding the direction of the preliminary sketches. The concept is evaluated by productivity support's design and interaction aspects without implementing a functional AI chatbot. This research uses qualitative data from multiple rounds of moderated usability testing to identify factors impacting perceived usability. Results showed that participants recognized the system's potential benefits and the overall usability of the design. Participants also highlighted the positive user experience resulting from the capability to access third-party workplace tools for personalized productivity, the conversational and transparent task support interaction, the streamlined workflow with smart suggestions, and the usefulness of a tutorial for learning about the new concept. The research explores a potential shift in the role of workplace support chatbots from question responders to task collaborators. Further research can also look into the actual implementation of such systems, measure their impacts on users' productivity, and explore potential challenges and ethical considerations in deploying these AI assistants in real-world business settings.
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Gong, Zhiyun, Shivani Birajdar, Tam Cao, Yi Qing Khoo, Chia-fang Chung, Yassi Moghaddam, Anbang Xu et al. "Enhancing Trust in LLM Chatbots for Workplace Support through User Experience Design and Prompt Engineering". In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005092.
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Traditional chatbots have been essential for workplace support. With the rise in Large Language Model (LLM) chatbots and their quick and efficient solution to user queries, this new generation of chatbots will soon enter the field of workplace support to assist with IT, HR, and general workplace queries. However, trust concerns with LLM chatbots, which arise from factual errors, inaccuracies, and suboptimal response formatting, have become prominent and will be particularly critical in professional settings such as employee support within a company. This paper investigates factors influencing user trust in AI chatbots for workplace support, proposing solutions through UX design improvement and prompt engineering experiments. We conducted mixed-method user research to study the impact of response formatting and presentation on user trust and experience. Our qualitative user interviews and contextual inquiries aim to understand users’ expectations of these chatbots and their perspective of usage, followed by user surveys that validate users’ preferences through quantitative measures. The findings reveal that trust challenges arise from a perceived lack of credibility and transparency as a result of hallucinations, as well as concerns about data privacy. They also show the need for improved chatbot conversational experiences with more human-likeness, better contextual understanding abilities, and higher flexibility in input and output formats. To address these challenges, our research uniquely proposes and implements a solution based on the interception of UX design and prompt engineering. Actionable UX design implications for a trustworthy interface are outlined, along with prompt engineering solutions demonstrated through a prototype. This research contributes to the evolution of AI-driven chatbot technology, aligning with the broader goal of enhancing user satisfaction and trust in automated support systems. This paper provides valuable insights for AI chatbot developers, designers, and researchers to meet the critical need for effective and reliable chatbots tailored to workplace support. This study also points to opportunities for future research topics around trustworthiness in Artificial Intelligence to explore how diversity, technology, research design, and ethical aspects would factor into user trust and experience.
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Leiba, Moshe, e Ruti Gafni. "Zooming?! - Higher Education Faculty Perspectives". In InSITE 2021: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4768.
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Aim/Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic demanded an immediate and massive adaptation of higher education to distance learning. Teachers had to transform from face-to-face to distance teaching, with insufficient pedagogical and technological knowledge and resources. This study aims to capture higher education faculty experiences in the very early stages of the crisis-prompted transition into synchronous distance education in order to obtain a broader view on the faculty’s perspectives (benefits, challenges and insights) on distance teaching through synchronous online environments. Background: Although online teaching and learning have been part of higher education teaching for more than two decades, many instructors found themselves teaching remotely for the first time and facing new and unpredicted challenges. Methodology: This study explored and analyzed an e-mail thread discourse between teachers in a higher education institute, two months after “going online” due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A singular case study was conducted, and a retrospective and snapshot case study approach was used. Data analysis was an iterative exploratory process of going back and forth the empirical material, resulting in the construction of categories, then themes, and finally a conceptual framework was developed. Contribution: The findings contribute the knowledge domain of implementation of immediate and massive online teaching and learning from the faculty perspective. Findings: Two main focal points, students and teachers, were encountered. Three main recurring themes were identified associated with both students and teachers: Convenience, Ethical Issues, and Insights for the future. Two themes were identified associated with faculty: Pedagogy and Tools, and Resources. In addition, two themes were identified for students: Attendance and Responses. Each of the themes was decomposed into several aspects. Recommendations for Practitioners: Higher education institutions and stakeholders should build a campus wide e-learning agenda including appropriate infrastructure and professional development for the future. Recommendations for Researchers: The study presented a conceptual model based on qualitative case study methodology. The impact and influence of each of the components of the model should be further researched and measured using quantitative methodologies. Impact on Society: Understanding the benefits and challenges of distance learning from the faculty perspectives in order to implement better distance learning strategies. Future Research: The impact and influence of each of the components of the model should be further researched and measured using quantitative methodologies. *** NOTE: This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 16, 121-140. Click DOWNLOAD PDF to download the published paper. ***