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Sames, William J., Eleanor O. Kirkscey, Raymond F. Dunton, Bethany G. Bolling e Alexander L. Wild. "County-Level Records for Culex stigmatosoma and Culex thriambus in Texas". Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 37, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/20-6982.
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ABSTRACT Populations of Culex stigmatosoma and Cx. thriambus have been documented in the southwestern USA with a southward range extension to northern South America and Central America, respectively. Studies conducted in California indicate both species are potential vectors of West Nile virus. However, vector competence studies are lacking for other parts of the USA. During a multicounty regional surveillance study west of San Antonio, Texas, multiple errors were observed in the Texas distributional literature of these species. These errors involved incorrect distributional information in Texas and US publications. Evidence to correct these errant records was found upon further analysis of Texas literature and curated specimens. Therefore, the aims of this study were to present that evidence and then combine the corrected records with additional records from the Texas Department of State Health Services and from larval collections made during other Texas surveillance studies.
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Reynolds, Robert J., Emilie A. Becker e Alan B. Shafer. "Causes of death and comparative mortality in Texas public mental health clients, 2006–2008". Mental Health Clinician 3, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2013): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.n161217.
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Seriously mentally ill patients are known to have rates of mortality much greater than those of the general population. Prior research in Texas has shown inpatient Public Mental Health Clients (PMHCs) treated in in-patient settings were subject to greatly increased mortality, but little is known about the mortality of PMHCs in an outpatient setting in Texas. For this study outpatient service records for PMHCs treated in Texas were combined with death data from the Texas Department of State Health Services for 2006–2008. Frequencies of causes of death, age-adjusted death rates, standardized mortality ratios, and life expectancies were calculated from these data. The most frequent causes of death were external causes, followed by circulatory disease, and then neoplasms. Examination of the outcomes suggests that substance abuse plays a major role in the mortality of PMHCs in Texas in the form of drug overdoses, tobacco-related cancers, and alcoholic liver disease. Prevention efforts should therefore aim at integrating mental health services, substance abuse services, and careful medical and pharmacological monitoring, including medication monitoring to prevent suicides and accidental overdoses.
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Sames, William J., James G. Mann, Rosmarie Kelly, Chris L. Evans, Wendy C. Varnado, Anthony B. Bosworth, Bruce H. Noden et al. "Distribution of Culex coronator in the USA". Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 37, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/21-6995.1.
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ABSTRACT In 1920, Culex coronator was reported from San Benito, Texas, and later in Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. In 2005, this species was reported to be spreading across the southeastern USA. Now reported in 14 states, it has been found as far north as northern Oklahoma; Memphis, TN; and Suffolk, VA. The public health significance of Cx. coronator is not firmly established, even though it has been implicated as a potential vector of several arboviral diseases. This study aims to document additional Cx. coronator county-level records, to provide information about its continued expansion across the southern USA, and to provide a short research update into its vector potential. Data acquired through multistate collaborations and author collections resulted in 146 new county records from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas. No new county records were presented for Arizona, New Mexico, Tennessee, or Virginia, which had previously reported this species. With these new data, this species has been documented in 386 counties in 14 states of the continental USA.
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Metzger, Kristi, Hammad Akram, Bonnie Feldt, Kahler Stone, Stephanie Alvey, Sandi Henley, Alicia Hernandez, Sharon Melville, Tracy Haywood e David Zane. "Epidemiologic Investigation of Injuries Associated With the 2013 Fertilizer Plant Explosion in West, Texas". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 10, n.º 4 (2 de março de 2016): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.186.
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AbstractObjectiveOn April 17, 2013, a fire and subsequent explosion occurred at the West Fertilizer Company plant in West, Texas, and caused extensive damage to the adjacent neighborhood. This investigation described the fatal and nonfatal injuries caused by the explosion.MethodsPersons injured by the fertilizer plant explosion were identified through death certificates, medical examination reports, medical records, and survivor interviews. Data on patient characteristics, type of injury, and location of injury were collected.ResultsMedical record review indicated that 252 individuals sought medical care for nonfatal injuries directly related to the explosion immediately after the explosion. Fifteen patients died of injuries sustained by the blast. Almost one-quarter of patients were admitted for treatment of injuries. Injuries sustained in the explosion included abrasions/contusions, lacerations/penetrating trauma, traumatic brain injuries/concussions, tinnitus/hearing problems, eye injuries, and inhalational injuries. Patients located closer to the explosion were more likely to be admitted to the hospital for treatment of injuries than were those who were located further away.ConclusionExplosions of this magnitude are rare, but can inflict severe damage to a community and its residents. This investigation could be a useful planning resource for other communities, public health agencies, first responders, and medical facilities. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:583–590)
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Sames, William J., Raymond F. Dunton e Bethany G. Bolling. "A Checklist of the Mosquito Species in 13 Counties West of San Antonio, Texas". Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 37, n.º 3 (18 de agosto de 2021): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/21-6997.1.
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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to consolidate mosquito information for 13 counties west of San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, and to create a species checklist for future regional studies. The resulting checklist established a baseline for local mosquito-borne disease surveillance and can serve as a resource for public health officials. The 13 counties in this region were Bandera, Edwards, Kendall, Kerr, Kimble, Kinney, Maverick, Medina, Real, Sutton, Uvalde, Val Verde, and Zavala counties. To develop the checklist, county-level mosquito species data were extracted from 38 peer-reviewed publications and government documents, university reference collections, private collections, and the Texas Department of State Health Services' historical collection data. These data were combined with author field collections to create a comprehensive species list. Overall, 339 county-level records were documented through field studies with a total of 36 species representing 8 genera confirmed as being present in this region. An additional 14 species listed in historical surveillance records were not collected during this study.
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Kovalenko, Alina. "Natural Resource Booms, Human Capital, and Earnings: Evidence from Linked Education and Employment Records". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 15, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2023): 184–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20200762.
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Using administrative panel data on the universe of Texas public school students, I analyze how shocks to local economic conditions affect education and employment decisions. I find that high school students at the bottom of the academic ability distribution worked and earned more in response to the fracking boom and that these earnings gains persisted through ages 24–25 despite the fact that the same students also became less likely to attend classes and graduate from high school. My results suggest that the opportunity cost of education is large for these students. (JEL H75, I21, I26, J24, J31, R23)
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Akpalu, Yao, Ibraheem Karaye, Julie Anderson, Osaro Mgbere e Jennifer A. Horney. "Demographic Determinants of Influenza Vaccination and Infection, Brazos County, Texas, 2017". Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment 12 (janeiro de 2019): 117863371986381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178633719863815.
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Background: Seasonal influenza constitutes an enormous public health burden. The 2017-2018 influenza season was the most severe since the 2009 novel Influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. The State of Texas, like other states, experienced unusually high and persistent influenza activity. Methods: Data on confirmed cases of influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) in Brazos County during December 2017 were collected by the Brazos County Health Department (BCHD) from medical records. Records of vaccine administered between January 1 and December 31, 2017 were collected from vaccination providers. The total number of influenza cases for 2017 was compiled from regular weekly influenza counts reported to BCHD by healthcare providers. Results: A total of 1651 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported in Brazos County residents in December 2017, 10 times more than that reported in December 2016. The highest rates of infection were in 2 ZIP codes where vaccination rates were also high. A total of 16 027 influenza vaccinations were given to individuals reporting a residential address in Brazos County in 2017. Vaccination coverage was lowest among adults aged 18 to 49, whereas those aged 65 or older and Hispanics were most likely to be hospitalized. Discussion: Overall, vaccination coverage in Brazos County, Texas is low, less than half of the Healthy People 2020 target. The development of health education materials and an increased use of social media, local television and radio, and communication methods that can reach parents, younger adults, and Hispanic residents are needed.
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Wittmer, Matthew D. "Traces of the Mount Carmel Community: Documentation and Access". Nova Religio 13, n.º 2 (1 de novembro de 2009): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2009.13.2.95.
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This article highlights some of the Waco Branch Davidian material holdings acquired by the Texas Collection at Baylor University and provides general information about the kinds of materials that have been acquired about this community and the siege and fire that occurred in 1993. I cite related materials in other collections to provide an overview of the kinds of records that are accessible, restricted, or inaccessible to the public regarding the David Koresh community and previous generations of religious communities who resided on the Mount Carmel property. To date, the collections at Baylor University and Texas State University––San Marcos are two of the most comprehensive efforts to preserve and provide access to a range of documentation about this community's history.
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Gaebler, Johann D., Phoebe Barghouty, Sarah Vicol, Cheryl Phillips e Sharad Goel. "Forgotten but not gone: A multi-state analysis of modern-day debt imprisonment". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 9 (13 de setembro de 2023): e0290397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290397.
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In almost every state, courts can jail those who fail to pay fines, fees, and other court debts—even those resulting from traffic or other non-criminal violations. While debtors’ prisons for private debts have been widely illegal in the United States for more than 150 years, the effect of courts aggressively pursuing unpaid fines and fees is that many Americans are nevertheless jailed for unpaid debts. However, heterogeneous, incomplete, and siloed records have made it difficult to understand the scope of debt imprisonment practices. We culled data from millions of records collected through hundreds of public records requests to county jails to produce a first-of-its-kind dataset documenting imprisonment for court debts in three U.S. states. Using these data, we present novel order-of-magnitude estimates of the prevalence of debt imprisonment, finding that between 2005 and 2018, around 38,000 residents of Texas and around 8,000 residents of Wisconsin were jailed each year for failure to pay (FTP), with the median individual spending one day in jail in both Texas and Wisconsin. Drawing on additional data on FTP warrants from Oklahoma, we also find that unpaid fines and fees leading to debt imprisonment most commonly come from traffic offenses, for which a typical Oklahoma court debtor owes around $250, or $500 if a warrant was issued for their arrest.
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Sames, William J., Jeff Hamik, James G. Mann, Joshua D. Bast e R. Jason Pitts. "Aedes japonicus japonicus in Nebraska and Texas". Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 38, n.º 2 (19 de maio de 2022): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/21-7048.
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ABSTRACT Aedes japonicus japonicus continues to spread westward and in this study, its presence is documented in 8 counties in Nebraska and in Bowie County, TX. In 1998, Ae. japonicus was collected in Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York for the 1st records of this species in North America. Except for Louisiana, it has been reported from all states that border or are east of the Mississippi River. In Canada, it has been reported in Ontario and all eastern provinces. In the Pacific Northwest, it has been reported in Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia, and in the midwestern states that do not border the Mississippi River, Kansas, Oklahoma, and South Dakota are the only states to have reported its presence in peer-reviewed journals.
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Schraw, Jeremy M., Kara E. Rudolph, Charles J. Shumate e Matthew O. Gribble. "Direct potable reuse and birth defects prevalence in Texas: An augmented synthetic control method analysis of data from a population-based birth defects registry". Environmental Epidemiology 8, n.º 2 (18 de março de 2024): e300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000300.
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Background: Direct potable reuse (DPR) involves adding purified wastewater that has not passed through an environmental buffer into a water distribution system. DPR may help address water shortages and is approved or is under consideration as a source of drinking water for several water-stressed population centers in the United States, however, there are no studies of health outcomes in populations who receive DPR drinking water. Our objective was to determine whether the introduction of DPR for certain public water systems in Texas was associated with changes in birth defect prevalence. Methods: We obtained data on maternal characteristics for all live births and birth defects cases regardless of pregnancy outcome in Texas from 2003 to 2017 from the Texas Birth Defects Registry and birth and fetal death records. The ridge augmented synthetic control method was used to model changes in birth defect prevalence (per 10,000 live births) following the adoption of DPR by four Texas counties in mid-2013, with county-level data on maternal age, percent women without a high school diploma, percent who identified as Hispanic/Latina or non-Hispanic/Latina Black, and rural-urban continuum code as covariates. Results: There were nonstatistically significant increases in prevalence of all birth defects collectively (average treatment effect in the treated = 53.6) and congenital heart disease (average treatment effect in the treated = 287.3) since June 2013. The estimated prevalence of neural tube defects was unchanged. Conclusions: We estimated nonstatistically significant increases in birth defect prevalence following the implementation of DPR in four West Texas counties. Further research is warranted to inform water policy decisions.
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Salwe, Kirtigandha, Shrawan Kumar e Joyce Hood. "Nonfatal Occupational Injury Rates and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Housekeeping Employees of a Hospital in Texas". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/382510.
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Objectives. To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in hospital cleaners.Methods. Injury data on all hospital employees were extracted from occupational health records and compared. Additionally an interview-based modified Nordic Questionnaire (response rate 98.14%) was conducted.Results. The mean total injury rate for cleaners was 35.9 per 100 full-time equivalent (FTE), while that for other employees was 13.64 per 100 FTE. Slips/trips/falls and MMH contributed 4.39 and 2.37 per 100 FTE among cleaners and rest of the hospital employees, respectively. The most common type of injury was strain while the most common cause of injury was a striking object.Conclusion. The cleaners have higher injury rates and morbidity as compared to other employees of the hospital. The lower back was most commonly affected.
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Lalani, Karima, Christine Bakos-Block, Marylou Cardenas-Turanzas, Sarah Cohen, Bhanumathi Gopal e Tiffany Champagne-Langabeer. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Opioid-Related Overdose Deaths in Texas". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 21 (24 de outubro de 2022): 13796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113796.
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Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States was facing an epidemic of opioid overdose deaths, clouding accurate inferences about the impact of the pandemic at the population level. We sought to determine the existence of increases in the trends of opioid-related overdose (ORO) deaths in the Greater Houston metropolitan area from January 2015 through December 2021, and to describe the social vulnerability present in the geographic location of these deaths. We merged records from the county medical examiner’s office with social vulnerability indexes (SVIs) for the region and present geospatial locations of the aggregated ORO deaths. Time series analyses were conducted to determine trends in the deaths, with a specific focus on the years 2019 to 2021. A total of 2660 deaths were included in the study and the mean (standard deviation, SD) age at death was 41.04 (13.60) years. Heroin and fentanyl were the most frequent opioids detected, present in 1153 (43.35%) and 1023 (38.46%) ORO deaths. We found that ORO deaths increased during the years 2019 to 2021 (p-value ≤ 0.001) when compared with 2015. Compared to the year 2019, ORO deaths increased for the years 2020 and 2021 (p-value ≤ 0.001). The geographic locations of ORO deaths were not associated with differences in the SVI. The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on increasing ORO deaths in the metropolitan Houston area; however, identifying the determinants to guide targeted interventions in the areas of greatest need may require other factors, in addition to community-level social vulnerability parameters.
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Serrano, Jose, Harper R. Clouston, Jared Wiegand, Kyoo Shim, Nathan Popper, Kayla Maaraoui, Joshua Limsenben et al. "1204. Assessing Perceptions and Efficacy of COVID-19 Case and Contact Investigations – Dallas County, Texas, 2020". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (1 de novembro de 2021): S693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1396.
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Abstract Background During 2020, a total of 193,318 cases of COVID-19 were reported in Dallas, with daily average case rates exceeding 50 per 100,000 for over 7 weeks. An adaptable survey functionality within a newly implemented COVID-19 surveillance system provided an opportunity to assess case knowledge and attitudes about isolation and contact tracing efforts. Methods COVID-19 illnesses were classified using the 2020 CSTE case definitions. Cases were interviewed and records reviewed for exposures and illness characteristics. Supplemental questionnaires assessing knowledge of public health recommendations were given to a convenience sample of 987 cases during the month of December 2020. Fishers exact and chi-square analyses were performed using SAS 9.4. Results Of the 987 respondents, 99% reported beginning isolation on or before receipt of test results, and 1% were not in isolation at the time of public health interview. Of cases reporting contacts, 92% had advised household members to quarantine prior to interview, and 91% did not want public health to call their household. Of cases reporting non-household close contacts, 75% had advised these contacts to quarantine prior to interview, and 91.3% did not want the health department to call these persons. Cases ≥ 65 years were less likely to have notified their own close contacts (OR: 0.2; 95% CI=0.1-0.8) of their test results, and more likely to prefer the health department to notify their household contacts of their positive result (OR: 4.1; 95% CI=1.3-12.5). Compared with White cases, Hispanic cases were less likely to be aware that their test was positive at the time of interview (OR: 0.3; 95% CI=0.1-0.7). Non-White cases were less likely to be aware of resources for food, rent and utility assistance prior to interview (OR: 0.25; 95% CI=0.1-0.7). All respondents perceived the public health interview to have been of some value to them, most often to answer their questions about retesting (51%) and duration of isolation (48%). Conclusion The aversion of a majority of COVID-19 cases for health department notification of their contacts is a significant deterrent to name-based contact tracing approaches. Acknowledgement of this limitation could better focus existing resources on the delivery of expedited notifications and information to contacts by proxy. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Siddiqi, Ammar D., Maggie Britton, Tzuan A. Chen, Brian J. Carter, Carol Wang, Isabel Martinez Leal, Anastasia Rogova et al. "Tobacco Screening Practices and Perceived Barriers to Offering Tobacco Cessation Services among Texas Health Care Centers Providing Behavioral Health Treatment". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 15 (5 de agosto de 2022): 9647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159647.
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Tobacco use, and thus tobacco-related morbidity, is elevated amongst patients with behavioral health treatment needs. Consequently, it is important that centers providing health care to this group mandate providers’ use of tobacco screenings to inform the need for tobacco use disorder intervention. This study examined the prevalence of mandated tobacco screenings in 80 centers providing health care to Texans with behavioral health needs, examined key factors that could enhance screening conduct, and delineated providers’ perceived barriers to tobacco use intervention provision. The results indicated that 80% of surveyed centers mandated tobacco use screenings; those that did were significantly more likely than those that did not to have a hard stop for tobacco use status in health records and were marginally more likely to make training on tobacco screening available to providers. The most widespread barriers to tobacco use disorder care provision were relative perceived importance of competing diagnoses, lack of community resources to refer patients, perceived lack of time, lack of provider knowledge or confidence, and belief that patients do not comply with cessation treatment. Overall, the results suggest that there are opportunities for centers providing care to Texans with behavioral health needs to bolster their tobacco screening and intervention capacity to better address tobacco-related health disparities in this group. Health care centers can support their providers to intervene in tobacco use by mandating screenings, streamlining clinical workflows with hard stops in patient records, and educating providers about the importance of treating tobacco with brief evidence-based intervention strategies while providing accurate information about patients’ interest in quitting and providers’ potential impacts on a successful quit attempt.
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H, Ndetan, Menard RJ, Osuagwu CC, Singh KP e Elueze E. "Obesity Prevalence and Potential Comorbidities among Rural Primary Care Patients in East Texas". Journal of Health Care and Research 1, n.º 2 (2 de maio de 2020): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2020/hcr.6160.
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Objective: This study reports the prevalence of obesity among patients in a primary care clinic at a university teaching hospital in rural East Texas and explores potential disparities and comorbidities. Method: The study was a retrospective review of a deidentified, non-relinkable copy of the electronic health records for 6,955 patients who visited the Family Medicine Clinic of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler North Campus between August 31, 2017, and August 1, 2018. Results: The prevalence of obesity was 43.2% with an increased likelihood of being obese among females compared to males (OR=1.49, 95%CI=1.35, 1.64), among blacks compared to whites (OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.11, 1.38), among patients 40-65 years old compared to those younger than 18 years (OR=8.83, 95%CI=7.31, 10.68) and a reduced likelihood among patients with public insurance/grants (OR=0.88, 95%CI=0.79, 0.98) and self-pay (OR=0.81, 95%CI=0.71, 0.93) compared to those with private insurance. Those who were obese were also more likely to report having hypertension (OR=2.59, 95%CI=2.35, 2.87), and diabetes (OR=3.26, 95%CI=2.85, 3.73). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of obesity among rural primary care patients in East Texas especially among the female, minority black and 40-65 years age groups as well as among patients with diabetes and hypertension. With this facility being a teaching hospital, these findings suggest the need for increased emphasis in the training of medical Residents on the screening and management of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and associated comorbidities in these groups, with special focus on the root cause.
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Malhan, Amit, Robert Pavur, Lou Pelton e Ila Manuj. "Role of Electronic Healthcare Record Adoption in Enhancing the Relationship between Quality Measures and Hospital Financial Performance". American Business Review 25, n.º 2 (16 de novembro de 2022): 515–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37625/abr.25.2.515-532.
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Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are designed as a real-time digital record to streamline distinctive and valuable patient information across multiple stakeholders in the healthcare delivery channel. The stakeholders include hospitals, healthcare providers and patients, as well as a myriad of third-party providers (i.e., insurance companies, Medicare). Academicians, practitioners and public policy makers are grappling with uneven experiences and empirical findings regarding the relationship between technology-enabled information sharing and the ensuing quality of healthcare outcomes. The most significant government-mandated technology is the implementation and adoption of EHR. The present research examines EHR through the lens of Resource Advantage Theory –– to empirically assess how partial and comprehensive implementation levels of EHR adoption influence quality management and financial performance of hospitals. Based on archival data attained from 210 hospitals in the state of Texas, the results indicate positive relationships between EHR and the quality of care. While it is generally recognized that EHR and quality management affect a hospital’s performance, this research investigates the moderating effect that EHR has on quality management and a hospital’s performance. These findings provide hospital administrators, practitioners, and third-party payers with an integrative and parsimonious model to understand the impact of partial and comprehensive levels of EHR implementation on the relationship of healthcare quality and hospital performance.
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Lynn, Michael. "Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Dampen Americans’ Tipping for Food Services? Insights From Two Studies". Compensation & Benefits Review 53, n.º 3 (24 de fevereiro de 2021): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886368721999135.
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The recent COVID-19 pandemic raises questions about consumer willingness to give tips during such times of hardship. Analyses of a Texas pizza delivery driver’s tip records and of nationwide Square payment data for quick- and full-service restaurants explored this issue by comparing tips during the pandemic with those before it. These data suggest that the pandemic increased the average tip-per-order given to a pizza delivery driver as well as the average tip percentage given for many transactions at quick- and full-service restaurants. They also suggest that the pandemic decreased the average tip percentage for face-to-face transactions at full-service restaurants but only by a modest 1 to 2 percentage points. The findings suggest that the tipping model remains a viable means of employee compensation even during periods of public health and economic crises if the nature of the services provided does not change substantially.
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Wang, Yao, e Robert K. Kanter. "Disaster-Related Environmental Health Hazards: Former Lead Smelting Plants in the United States". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 8, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2014): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2014.3.
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AbstractObjectiveNatural disasters exacerbate risks of hazardous environmental exposures and adverse health consequences. The present study determined the proportion of previously identified lead industrial sites in urban locations that are at high risk for dispersal of toxic chemicals by natural disasters.MethodsGeographic analysis from publicly available data identified former lead smelting plants that coincide with populated urban areas and with high-risk locations for natural disasters.ResultsFrom a total of 229 urban smelting sites, 66 (29%) were in relatively high-risk areas for natural disasters: flood (39), earthquake (29), tornado (3), and hurricane (2). States with urban sites at relatively high risk for natural disaster included California (15); Pennsylvania (14); New York (7); Missouri (6); Illinois (5); New Jersey (4); Kentucky (3); Florida, Oregon, and Ohio (2 each); and Indiana, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, and Washington (1 each). Incomplete historical records showed at least 10 smelting site locations were affected by natural disaster.ConclusionsForgotten environmental hazards may remain hazardous in any community. Uncertainty about risks in disasters causes disruptive public anxiety that increases difficulties in community responses and recovery. Our professional and public responsibility is to seek a better understanding of the risks of latent environmental hazards. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–7)
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Li, Chih-Ying, Emma Aguila, Paul Arthur, Jorge Peniche, Mariela Gútierrez, Mónica Hernández e Rebeca Wong. "Assigning lifetime occupation domains for older Mexicans: MHAS-O*NET linkage protocol". Salud Pública de México 65, n.º 5, sept-oct (15 de setembro de 2023): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/14635.
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Objective. We developed a MHAS (Mexican Health and Aging Study) and O*NET (Occupational Information Network) linkage to allow global researchers using MHAS data to assign lifetime occupation domains for older Mexicans. Materials and methods. Three bilingual raters independently matched 440 records with 132 unique occupation codes from the 2012 MHAS. We used a modified Delphi technique to reach agreements. To assess reliability, we compared the distribution of observations between the MHAS file and the MHAS-O*NET linked file across five job categories (upper white collar, lower white collar, upper blue collar, low blue collar, and agriculture/fishing/forestry). The Institutional Review Board at the University of Texas Medical Branch reviewed and approved the research (IRB # 21-0268). Results. Using the developed 1:1 MHAS-ONET linkage, consistency between MHAS and ONET was 97.4% across the five job categories. Conclusion. This MHAS-O*NET linkage will allow researchers to analyze the association between lifetime occupation and multiple dimensions of health, functionality, and retirement determinants for a low-middle income country with a large proportion of workers in the informal sector.
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Robbins, Richard. "Private Equity-Backed Steward Healthcare Files for Bankruptcy". Southwest Journal of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep 26, n.º 5 (11 de maio de 2024): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.13175/swjpccs021-24.
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No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. Arizona Attorney General Kris Mayes (1) has launched an investigation into what led to Dallas-based Steward Health Care filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on May 6. The health system also recently shared that it is $9 billion in debt and has plans to sell all 31 of its hospitals, four of which are in Arizona and have a proposed auction date of June 28, according to a May 10 news release from Ms. Mayes (1). Steward relied on backing from private equity investors to quickly acquire dozens of community hospitals, including facilities in Massachusetts, Texas, Florida, and Arizona. Steward has been the focus of a year-and-a-half-long CBS News investigation revealing how private equity investors have siphoned hundreds of millions of dollars from community hospitals with devastating public health consequences (2). Records reviewed by CBS News showed Steward hospitals around the country left a trail of unpaid bills, at times …
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Wada, Suzanne, Jared Wiegand, Mary Markarian, Victoria Hung, Christina Zhu, Megin Parayil, Kyoo Shim, Jose Serrano e Wendy Chung. "190. Epidemiology of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in Dallas County, Texas, 2021". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (1 de novembro de 2021): S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.190.
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Abstract Background From March 2020 through May 2021, Dallas County reported a total of 304,056 cases of COVID-19, including 4,073 deaths. During the month of December 2020, a post-holiday surge of cases led to peak daily average case rates of over 50 cases per 100,000. COVID-19 cases and deaths have since declined substantially following the rollout of COVID-19 vaccine delivery. As of June 8, 2021, about 1,831,588 Dallas County residents have received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose and 910,067 are fully vaccinated. Recent county integration of immunization and case databases enabled identification and analysis of COVID-19 breakthrough infections. Methods A COVID-19 breakthrough infection was defined as a positive test (PCR or antigen) collected from an individual ≥ 14 days after receiving the full series of an FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccine. Nationally, 10,262 vaccine breakthrough infections had been reported from 46 US states and territories, through April 2021. Vaccine breakthrough cases were reviewed and medical records abstracted to collect demographic information, clinical characteristics, and medical conditions. Data analysis was performed using R, version 4.0.2 (2020). Results Of the 700 vaccine breakthrough cases reported in Dallas County residents as of June 8, 2021, 304 (43%) were male and 396 (57%) female, with an average age of 53 years. The majority of the vaccine breakthrough cases were White (42%); 25% were Hispanic/Latino; and 20% were Black. Almost all breakthrough cases were confirmed with PCR testing, with 451 (64%) cases receiving the Pfizer vaccine. Of breakthrough cases, 49% were symptomatic; 52% (358) had underlying conditions including: tobacco use, obesity, or immunocompromised state; 68 (10%) were hospitalized; and 11 (1.6%) died. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 51 cases, with 14 (27.5%) variants identified, including: eight B.1.1.7, two B.1.429 and one P.1 variants. Conclusion Despite the high levels of vaccine efficacy documented in US vaccine trials, COVID-19 breakthrough infections, though currently uncommon, do occur and are important to investigate. Ongoing close public health surveillance of variants is needed to discern changes in patterns of vaccine efficacy and characteristics of populations at greatest risk of severe disease from COVID-19. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Sabra, John P., José G. Cabañas, John Bedolla, Shirley Borgmann, James Hawley, Kevin Craven, Carlos Brown, Chris Ziebell e Steve Olvey. "Medical Support at a Large-scale Motorsports Mass-gathering Event: The Inaugural Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, n.º 4 (28 de julho de 2014): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14000636.
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AbstractIntroductionFormula One returned to the United States on November 16-18, 2012, with the inaugural United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas. Medical preparedness for motorsports events represents a unique challenge due to the potential for a high number of spectators seeking medical attention, and the possibility for a mass-casualty situation. Adequate preparation requires close collaboration across public safety agencies and hospital networks to minimize impact on Emergency Medical Services (EMS) resources.Hypothesis/ProblemTo report the details of preparation for an inaugural mass-gathering motorsports event, and to describe the details of the medical care rendered during the 3-day event.MethodsA retrospective analysis was completed utilizing postevent summaries, provided by the medical planning committee, by the Federation Internationale de L'Automobile (FIA), and Austin Travis County Emergency Medical Services (ATCEMS). Patient data were collected from standardized patient care records for descriptive analysis. Medical usage rates (MURs) are reported as a rate of patients per 10,000 (PPTT) participants.ResultsA total of 566 patients received medical care over the 3-day period with the on-site care rate of 95%. Overall, MUR was 21.3 PPTT attendees. Most patients had minor problems, and there were no driver injuries or deaths.ConclusionThis mass-gathering motorsport event had a moderate number of patients requiring medical attention. The preparedness plan was implemented successfully with minimal impact on EMS resources and local medical facilities. This medical preparedness plan may serve as a model to other cities preparing for an inaugural motorsports event.SabraJP, CabañasJG, BedollaJ, BorgmannS, HawleyJ, CravenK, BrownC, ZiebellC, OlveyS. Medical support at a large-scale motorsports mass-gathering event: the inaugural Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-7.
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Cullen, Karen W., Kathleen B. Watson e Jayna M. Dave. "Middle-school students’ school lunch consumption does not meet the new Institute of Medicine's National School Lunch Program recommendations". Public Health Nutrition 14, n.º 10 (19 de abril de 2011): 1876–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011000656.
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AbstractObjectiveTo compare the school lunch consumption of Texas middle-school students with the 2009 Institute of Medicine's (IOM) school meal report recommendations. These new lunch menu patterns increase fruit to one serving and vegetables to two servings, with 50 % wholegrain food.DesignLunch food records were collected from middle-school students from four schools in south-east Texas in the spring of 2008, and entered into the Nutrition Data System for Research software. Average intake was calculated for those consuming meals according to the National School Lunch Program (NSLP; n 5414) and for those consuming lunch from other sources (n 239). The percentage of students selecting each food group was calculated.SettingMiddle schools in south-east Texas.SubjectsMiddle-school students in south-east Texas.ResultsStudents consuming NSLP meals reported consuming almost --><$>\tfrac{1}{2}<$><!-- serving of fruit, --><$>\tfrac{3}{4}<$><!-- serving of vegetables, 8 oz of milk and --><$>\tfrac{1}{3}<$><!-- serving of whole grains at lunch. Non-NSLP consumers reported almost no intake of fruit, vegetables or milk, and consumed --><$>\tfrac{1}{4}<$><!-- serving of whole grains at lunch. Among NSLP consumers, about 40 % selected and consumed a fruit serving. About two-thirds of students selected a vegetable, consuming about 67 %. Less than 4 % selected a dark green or orange vegetable.ConclusionsStudents’ lunch intake did not meet the new IOM recommendations. Few students selected dark green or orange vegetables, and only 40 % selected fruit. Whole grains consumption was low. Interventions with all stakeholders will be necessary to improve students’ food and beverage selections overall when school meal patterns are revised.
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Williams, Howard E., Scott W. Bowman e Jordan Taylor Jung. "The Limitations of Government Databases for Analyzing Fatal Officer-Involved Shootings in the United States". Criminal Justice Policy Review 30, n.º 2 (28 de maio de 2016): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403416650927.
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Federal government databases recording officer-involved shooting fatalities are incomplete and unreliable. Voluntary reporting to the Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR), the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), and the Arrest-Related Death Program (ARDP) are subject to underreporting and classification errors. The same shortcomings apply to statewide reporting in California and Texas, the only states with mandatory reporting requirements. Content analysis of open source records identified officer-involved shooting fatalities that occurred in the United States from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2015. Those data were compared with data from the government databases. Analysis revealed 7,869 officer-involved shooting fatalities, an average increase of 51.8 incidents per year. Fatalities increased from 594 in 2006 to 1,007 in 2015—an increase of 69.5% in 10 years. Government data sources reported a low of 46.0% of incidents to a high of 75.3%, depending on the reporting year. Open source research reveals 30% to 45% more cases than official federal or state databases and can reveal much more data about other critical questions. The history of federal program efforts suggests it is unlikely that government recording of data on officer-involved shooting fatalities will improve. Government reporting programs have produced decreasingly effective results. Current web-based data collection efforts suffer from many of the same limitations exhibited in the federal programs. One promising option for improved data collection includes funding an independent party, such as a university, to collect data from open sources and supplement that data with public records requests and the currently collected official government data.
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Rao, Sanjana, Kiran Ali, Jeff Dennis, Gilbert Berdine, Victor Test e Kenneth Nugent. "Analysis of Glucose Levels in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 During the First Phase of This Pandemic in West Texas". Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (janeiro de 2020): 215013272095853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720958533.
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Background: Patients with hyperglycemia during hospitalization, especially during ICU hospitalizations, often have worse outcomes, even if they do not have a premorbid diagnosis of diabetes. High glucose levels can provide insight into the underlying pathogenesis of a disease and can contribute to tissue injury. Some patients with COVID-19 have hyperglycemia during hospitalizations. Methods: The Infectious Disease and Control office at University Medical Center in Lubbock, Texas, provided a list of patients with a COVID-19 infection hospitalized between March 1 and May 15, 2020. The medical records were reviewed to collect information on age, gender, history of diabetes, and glucose levels on admission and through the first 7 days of hospitalization. Results: This study included 63 patients with a mean age of 62.1 ± 14.1 years. Thirty-five patients (55.6%) were males. The in-hospital mortality rate was 30.2%. The mean admission glucose level was 129.4 ± 57.1 mg/dL in patients who survived (N = 47) and 189.6 ± 112.2 mg/dL in patients who died during hospitalization (N = 16, P = .007). An admission glucose greater than 180 mg/dL predicted mortality in a model adjusted for a diabetes, age, and male gender. The mean differences between the maximum and minimum glucose levels calculated over the first 7 days of hospitalization were 112.93 ± 115.4 (N = 47) in patients who survived and were 240.5 ± 97.7 (N = 15) in patients who died during hospitalization ( P = .0003). A difference between the maximum and minimum glucose level greater than 105 mg/dL was associated with increased mortality. Conclusions: Patients who died during hospitalization for COVID-19 had higher admission glucose levels than patients who survived. Larger differences between maximum and minimum glucose levels during the first 7 days of hospitalization were associated with increased mortality. These results suggest that high glucose levels identify patients at increased risk for mortality and warrant more study.
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Yellman, Merissa A., Cora Peterson, Mary A. McCoy, Shelli Stephens-Stidham, Emily Caton, Jeffrey J. Barnard, Ted O. Padgett, Curtis Florence e Gregory R. Istre. "Preventing deaths and injuries from house fires: a cost–benefit analysis of a community-based smoke alarm installation programme". Injury Prevention 24, n.º 1 (9 de fevereiro de 2017): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042247.
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BackgroundOperation Installation (OI), a community-based smoke alarm installation programme in Dallas, Texas, targets houses in high-risk urban census tracts. Residents of houses that received OI installation (or programme houses) had 68% fewer medically treated house fire injuries (non-fatal and fatal) compared with residents of non-programme houses over an average of 5.2 years of follow-up during an effectiveness evaluation conducted from 2001 to 2011.ObjectiveTo estimate the cost–benefit of OI.MethodsA mathematical model incorporated programme cost and effectiveness data as directly observed in OI. The estimated cost per smoke alarm installed was based on a retrospective analysis of OI expenditures from administrative records, 2006–2011. Injury incidence assumptions for a population that had the OI programme compared with the same population without the OI programme was based on the previous OI effectiveness study, 2001–2011. Unit costs for medical care and lost productivity associated with fire injuries were from a national public database.ResultsFrom a combined payers' perspective limited to direct programme and medical costs, the estimated incremental cost per fire injury averted through the OI installation programme was $128,800 (2013 US$). When a conservative estimate of lost productivity among victims was included, the incremental cost per fire injury averted was negative, suggesting long-term cost savings from the programme. The OI programme from 2001 to 2011 resulted in an estimated net savings of $3.8 million, or a $3.21 return on investment for every dollar spent on the programme using a societal cost perspective.ConclusionsCommunity smoke alarm installation programmes could be cost-beneficial in high-fire-risk neighbourhoods.
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Brady, Kathleen A., Deborah S. Storm, Azita Naghdi, Toni Frederick, Jessica Fridge e Mary Jo Hoyt. "Perinatal HIV Exposure Surveillance and Reporting in the United States, 2014". Public Health Reports 132, n.º 1 (12 de dezembro de 2016): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354916681477.
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Objective: We sought to describe the current status of perinatal HIV exposure surveillance (PHES) activities and regulations in the United States and to make recommendations to strengthen PHES. Methods: In 2014, we sent an online survey to health departments in the 50 states, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and 6 cities and counties (Chicago, Illinois; Houston, Texas; Los Angeles, California; New York, New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and San Francisco, California). We analyzed responses from 56 of the 59 (95%) jurisdictions. Results: Thirty-three of 56 jurisdictions (59%) reported conducting PHES and following infants to determine their infection status. Of the 33 jurisdictions performing PHES, 28 (85%) linked maternal and infant data, but only 12 (36%) determined the HIV care status of postpartum women. Themes of respondents’ recommendations for strengthening PHES centered on updating laws and regulations to support PHES, reporting all HIV test results and linking vital records with PHES data to identify and follow HIV-exposed infants, communicating with health care providers to improve reporting, training staff, and getting help from experienced jurisdictions to implement PHES. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that data on perinatal exposure collected through the current system are inadequate to comprehensively monitor and prevent perinatal HIV exposure and transmission. Comprehensive PHES data collection and reporting are needed to sustain the progress that has been made toward lowering perinatal HIV transmission rates. We propose that minimum standards be established for perinatal HIV exposure reporting to improve the completeness, quality, and efficiency of PHES in the United States.
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Haq, Arooba A., Lorraine R. Reitzel, Tzuan A. Chen, Shine Chang, Kamisha H. Escoto, Kayce D. Solari Williams, Crystal Roberson, Litty Koshy e Lorna H. McNeill. "“UHAND”—A National Cancer Institute Funded Partnership to Advance Cancer Health Equity through Scholar Training". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 10 (11 de maio de 2021): 5054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105054.
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Black and Hispanic adults are disproportionately affected by cancer incidence and mortality, and experience disparities in cancer relative to their White counterparts in the US. These groups, including women, are underrepresented among scientists in the fields of cancer, cancer disparities, and cancer care. The “UHAND” Program is a partnership between institutions (University of Houston and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center) aiming to build the capacity of underrepresented and racial/ethnic minority student “scholars” to conduct research on eliminating cancer inequities by reducing social and physical risk factors among at-risk groups. Here, we examine the outcomes of the UHAND Program’s first scholar cohort (n = 1 postdoctoral fellow, n = 3 doctoral scholars, n = 6 undergraduate scholars). Data collection included baseline, mid-program, and exit surveys; program records; and monthly scholar achievement queries. From baseline to exit, scholars significantly increased their research self-efficacy (p = 0.0293). Scholars largely met goals for academic products, achieving a combined total of 65 peer-reviewed presentations and nine empirical publications. Eight scholars completed the 2-year program; one undergraduate scholar received her degree early and the postdoctoral fellow accepted a tenure-track position at another university following one year of training. Scholars highly rated UHAND’s programming and their mentors’ competencies in training scholars for research careers. Additionally, we discuss lessons learned that may inform future training programs.
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Hackl, Caitlin M., Wei-Chen Lee, Hanaa S. Sallam, Hani Jneid, Kendall M. Campbell e Hani Serag. "Racial Disparities in Selected Complications and Comorbidities among People with Type 2 Diabetes". Healthcare 12, n.º 8 (17 de abril de 2024): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12080846.
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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing public health concern, disproportionately impacting racial and ethnic minorities. Assessing disparities is the first step towards achieving the translation goal to reduce disparities in diabetes outcomes, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Division of Diabetes. We analyzed the data of patients (18+ years) diagnosed with T2D between 1 January 2012 and 31 March 2017, using the electronic health records of the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. We compared the crude rate and age-standardized rate (using direct method) of selected micro- and macrovascular complication rates, associated obesity, and insulin dependence among racial and ethnic groups. Our sample included 20,680 patients who made 394,106 visits (9922 non-Hispanic White patients, 4698 non-Hispanic Black patients, and 6060 Hispanic patients). Our results suggest a higher risk of acquiring macrovascular (hypertension, ischemic disease, and stroke) and microvascular (renal, ophthalmic, and neurological) complications in Black patients compared to non-Hispanic White and Hispanic patients. The rates of stage I or II obesity were higher in Black patients compared with White and Hispanic patients. The rates of insulin use rather than oral hypoglycemics were also higher in Black patients than White and Hispanic patients. The disparities in terms of the higher susceptibility to complications among Black patients are possibly linked to the socioeconomic disadvantages of this population, leading to poorer management. Prevention strategies are warranted to reduce the incidence of T2D complications in racial minorities.
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Rojas-Moreno, Christian A., Daniel Spiegel, Venkata Yalamanchili, Elizabeth Kuo, Henry Quinones, Pranavi V. Sreeramoju e James P. Luby. "Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in Patients on Emergent Hemodialysis". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 37, n.º 3 (26 de novembro de 2015): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2015.293.
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OBJECTIVEThis study had 2 objectives: (1) to describe the epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who have no access to scheduled dialysis and (2) to evaluate whether a positive culture of the heparin-lock solution is associated with subsequent development of bacteremia.DESIGNRetrospective observational cohort design for objective 1; and prospective cohort design for objective 2.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTSThe study was conducted in a 770-bed public academic tertiary hospital in Dallas, Texas. The participants were patients with ESRD undergoing scheduled or emergent hemodialysis.METHODSWe reviewed the records of 147 patients who received hemodialysis between January 2011 and May 2011 and evaluated the rate of CRBSI in the previous 5 years. For the prospective study, we cultured the catheter heparin-lock solution in 62 consecutive patients between June 2012 and August 2012 and evaluated the incidence of CRBSI at 6 months.RESULTSOf the 147 patients on emergent hemodialysis, 125 had a tunneled catheter, with a CRBSI rate of 2.61 per 1,000 catheter days. The predominant organisms were Gram-negative rods (GNR). In the prospective study, we found that the dialysis catheter was colonized more frequently in patients on emergent hemodialysis than in those on scheduled hemodialysis. Colonization with GNR or Staphylococcus aureus was associated with subsequent CRBSI at 6 months follow-up.CONCLUSIONSPatients undergoing emergent hemodialysis via tunneled catheter are predisposed to Gram-negative CRBSI. Culturing the heparin-lock solution may predict subsequent episodes of CRBSI if it shows colonization with GNR or Staphylococcus aureus. Prevention approaches in this population need to be studied further.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(3):301–305
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Cope, Jennifer R., Mia Mattioli, Vaidehi Shah, Rebecca Greeley, Michele Hlavsa e Vincent Hill. "1626. A Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Case Associated with Surfing in an Inland Surf Park". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (outubro de 2019): S593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1490.
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Abstract Background Naegleria fowleri is a thermophilic ameba that is found in freshwater and causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM; 0–8 infections per year in the United States) when it enters the nose and migrates to the brain. Patient exposure to water containing the ameba typically occurs in warm freshwater lakes and ponds during recreational water activities. In September 2018, a 29-year-old man died of PAM after visiting a Texas inland surf park. Methods To determine water exposures, we reviewed medical records and conducted interviews with family and individuals who had traveled with the patient. To further investigate the inland surf park as a possible exposure source, we visited the facility and collected water, biofilm, and sediment samples from the surf park and other venues (water slides, lazy river, and cable park) within the facility. We assessed water sources and treatment practices, performed water quality tests, and tested for the presence of N. fowleri by culture and real-time PCR. Results Interviews revealed that the case-patient’s most probable water exposure in the 10 days before becoming ill occurred while surfing in an inland freshwater surf park where he fell off the surfboard into the water multiple times. The on-site investigation of the facility revealed a practice of manual chlorine treatment with monitoring, but no water filtering or record keeping to document water quality. Surf park water temperature was warm (25°C) and chlorine residual was negligible. N. fowleri was detected in 1 water and 1 sediment sample collected at the cable park venue, and viable thermophilic amebae were detected in all samples collected from the surf park, water slide, and cable park venues, as well from the sediment in the open-air groundwater reservoir feeding the venues. Conclusion This investigation documents a novel exposure in an inland surf park as the likely exposure causing PAM. Conditions in the surf park were conducive to amebic growth. Novel types of recreational water venues that do not meet traditional definitions of swimming pools, such as this surf park, might not meet the water quality standards for pools or similar treated venues. Clinicians and public health officials should remain vigilant for nontraditional exposures to water. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Novotná, Eva. "Full texts in the Czech geographical bibliography database". Geoinformatics FCE CTU 13 (21 de dezembro de 2014): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.13.2.
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Open access to the documents is one of the basic requirements of databases users. Czech Geographical Bibliography On-line provides access to 185,000 bibliographical records of Bohemical geographic and cartographic documents and to more than 30,000 full texts and objects. The access is provided through a connection from the permanent storage, the Digital University Repository or a URL address of the bibliographical record. The works in public domain can directly become accessible or it is necessary to conclude licence agreement with authors, their heirs or with the editors of periodicals. Full texts of 14 titles of professional periodicals, university thesis, employees´ monographs or anthologies and on-line publications are available. Digitised maps have been connected to the database since 2012. 5,500 of them are accessible from the database since the beginning of 2014. The database is an important source both for professionals and general public interested in geography and cartography.
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HARVEY, A. D. "TEXTS BY TWENTIETH-CENTURY NOVELISTS IN THE PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE". Notes and Queries 46, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 1999): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/46-4-493.
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HARVEY, A. D. "TEXTS BY TWENTIETH-CENTURY NOVELISTS IN THE PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE". Notes and Queries 46, n.º 4 (1999): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/46.4.493.
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Walby, Kevin, e Mike Larsen. "Getting at the Live Archive: On Access to Information Research in Canada". Canadian journal of law and society 26, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2011): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjls.26.3.623.
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Most of the draft documents, memoranda, communications, and other textual materials amassed by government agencies do not become public record unless efforts are taken to obtain their release. One mechanism for doing so is “access to information” (ATI) or “freedom of information” (FOI) law. Individuals and organizations in Canada have a quasi-constitutional right to request information from federal, provincial, and municipal levels of government. A layer of bureaucracy has been created to handle these requests and manage the disclosure of information, with many organizations having special divisions, coordinators, and associated personnel for this purpose. The vast majority of public organizations are subject to the federal Access to Information Act (ATIA) or the provincial and municipal equivalents.We have been using ATI requests to get at spectrum of internal government texts. At one end of the spectrum, we are seeking what Gary Marx calls “dirty data” produced by policing, national security, and intelligence agencies. Dirty data represent “information which [are] kept secret and whose revelation would be discrediting or costly in terms of various types of sanctioning.” This material can take the form of the quintessential “smoking gun” document, or, more often, a seemingly innocuous trail of records that, upon analysis, can be illuminating. Dirty data are often kept from the public record. At the other end of the disclosure spectrum are those front-stage texts that represent “official discourse,” which are carefully crafted and released to the public according to government messaging campaigns.
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Perez, Bianca J., Averi Harp Segrest, Sofia R. Campos, Russell L. Minton e Romi L. Burks. "First record of Japanese Mystery Snail Cipangopaludina japonica (von Martens, 1861) in Texas". Check List 12, n.º 5 (1 de outubro de 2016): 1973. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.5.1973.
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Two Cipangopaludina snails were discovered in Harris County, Texas, USA, during routine fieldwork in October 2015. Dissection yielded one male and one female containing 52 offspring in her brood pouch. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene confirmed both individuals to be Cipangopaludina japonica (von Martens, 1861). This is the first distribution record of C. japonica in Texas. Non-native invasive snails, such as C. japonica, compete with native species and may serve as reservoirs for parasites, prompting the need for increased diligence in monitoring public waterways.
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Pivovarov, Evgeny. "Records Concerned With The Russian Geographical Society In The Archive Of The Third Section Of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Chancellery". Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 44, n.º 2 (2023): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020596060026199-0.
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The making of the Russian Geographical Society (RGO) occurred during the “grim seven years” of Nicholas I’s reign. The reaction to the “Springtime of the Peoples” affected all spheres of public life in the empire. Censorship was tightened and administrative and police oversight of education and science strengthened. This is the first publication of the complete texts of 9 previously unknown records (1848–1851) from the file “On the Russian Geographical Society”, stored in the holding (“fond”) No. 109 of the Third Section of His Imperial Majesty’s own Chancellery in the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The correspondence between the Head of the Section, A. F. Orlov, and his deputy, L. V. Dubelt, bespeaks their close attention to the RGO’s life: struggle between the factions in the RGO, elections of its governing bodies, and political sentiments among the RGO membership. These documents enable tracing the history of interaction between the RGO, state authorities, and other scientific organizations. Record 1 is Dubelt’s note “On the Geographical Society” of May 1, 1848, addressed to Orlov; record 2 is a memorandum “On the election of vice president of the Russian Geographical Society” of March 15, 1850, by an unknown author; and record 3 is a copy of a perlustrated letter from Count S. G. Stroganov to his brother, A. G. Stroganov, in which he discussed the results of the RGO vice-chairman election. Records 4 and 5 comprise the correspondence between Dubelt and Orlov that indicates that Stroganov’s letter became known to the Emperor. Outraged by Stroganov’s accusations, Dubelt prepared an explanatory note (record 6) for the Emperor. Dubelt’s harsher report to Nicholas I (records 7 and 9: draft report and its final version, respectively) was dated March of 1851. A short draft note with a list of persons involved in medal minting in St. Petersburg (record 8) was attached to the case. The publication is supplemented with an annotated list of names mentioned in these records.
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Eibedingil, Iyasu G., Thomas E. Gill, R. Scott Van Pelt e Daniel Q. Tong. "Comparison of Aerosol Optical Depth from MODIS Product Collection 6.1 and AERONET in the Western United States". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 12 (13 de junho de 2021): 2316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122316.
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Recent observations reveal that dust storms are increasing in the western USA, posing imminent risks to public health, safety, and the economy. Much of the observational evidence has been obtained from ground-based platforms and the visual interpretation of satellite imagery from limited regions. Comprehensive satellite-based observations of long-term aerosol records are still lacking. In an effort to develop such a satellite aerosol dataset, we compared and evaluated the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from Deep Blue (DB) and Dark Target (DT) product collection 6.1 with the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program in the western USA. We examined the seasonal and monthly average number of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua DB AOD retrievals per 0.1∘×0.1∘ from January 2003 to December 2017 across the region’s different topographic, climatic, and land cover conditions. The number of retrievals in the southwest United States was on average greater than 37 days per 90 days for all seasons except summer. Springtime saw the highest number of AOD retrievals across the southwest, consistent with the peak season for synoptic-scale dust events. The majority of Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas showed the lowest number of retrievals during the monsoon season. The majority of collocating domains of AOD from the Aqua sensor showed a better correlation with AERONET AOD than AOD from Terra, and the correlation coefficients exhibited large regional variability across the study area. The correlation coefficient between the couplings Aqua DB AOD-AERONET AOD and Terra DB AOD-AERONET AOD ranges from 0.1 to 0.94 and 0.001 to 0.94, respectively. In the majority of the sites that exhibited less than a 0.6 correlation coefficient and few matched data points at the nearest single pixel, the correlations gradually improved when the spatial domain increased to a 50 km × 50 km box averaging domain. In general, the majority of the stations revealed significant correlation between MODIS and AERONET AOD at all spatiotemporal aggregating domains, although MODIS generally overestimated AOD compared to AERONET. However, the correlation coefficient in the southwest United States was the lowest and in stations from a higher latitude was the highest. The difference in the brightness of the land surface and the latitudinal differences in the aerosol inputs from the forest fires and solar zenith angles are some of the factors that manifested the latitudinal correlation differences.
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Katherine. Theoktisto, Mary, Delvina Ford, Omar Khan, Kelly R. Reveles e Jose Cadena. "1379. Comparison of Inpatient Tuberculosis Screening Methods and Their Effect on Patient Duration in Airborne Isolation". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (outubro de 2019): S501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1243.
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Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern, and exposure in healthcare settings is prevalent. Current guidelines recommend testing for TB by acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy with 3 sputum samples and/or using nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), and mycobacterium culture. The purpose of this project is to compare how different TB diagnostic tests affect the duration of stay in respiratory isolation. Methods This study was conducted at the Veteran Affairs South Texas hospital, which includes a total of 437 beds. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records. Eligibility included patients admitted to the hospital and placed in airborne isolation for TB screening and diagnosis, had 3 sputum samples collected 8 hours apart and/or had 2 PCR MTB/RIF. Patients were excluded if they had TB or were not undergoing evaluation for TB. Three time periods analyzed included, 3 AFB sputum samples analyzed in-house from December 2012 to January 2014 (Group A), 3 AFB sputum samples analyzed at outside facility during 2013 to 2014 as well as 2 months in 2012 (Group B), and 2 MTB PCR/RIF in house during 2017 and 2018 (Group C). Duration of isolation was compared between groups using the Kruskal–Wallis test. A total number of 815 patients were screened, leaving 105 patients for analysis after exclusion. There were 49 patients analyzed from Group A, 28 from Group B, and 28 from Group C. Results Crude analysis of the data showed numerical differences in the total number of days and hours in isolation between the 3 groups. The average (mean) days in isolation were 4.2 for Group A, 7.4 for Group B, and 5.5 for Group C. There was no statistically significant difference in either days or hours of airborne precautions by “rule out” method. Days of isolation in airborne precautions (median IQR) was 4 for all groups (P = 0.3313). Likewise, hours of airborne precautions had a median IQR of 96 for all groups P = 0.4347. Conclusion Although there was no statistical significance between the groups, crude analysis did show a numerical difference in the mean total airborne days and hours. Lack of statistical difference may be due to low number of patients, timing of order placement for in-house PCR, and longer than expected stay in airborne precautions. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Jaffary, Nora E. "Reconceiving Motherhood". Journal of Family History 37, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2012): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199011428050.
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Colonial authorities prosecuted surprisingly few women for the crimes of abortion and infanticide in viceregal Mexico. Although criminal courts tried hundreds of such cases in the nineteenth century, only a handful of trials survive from Mexico’s colonial era. This article examines criminal and inquisition records, jurisprudence, and medical texts to try to explain this discrepancy. The available evidence suggests that women in colonial Mexico did commit infanticide and abortion much more frequently than the surviving documentary record implies but that neither their peers nor courts viewed the crimes as harshly as they would in later periods. Women successfully concealed the crimes, the public declined to view these acts as criminal, and criminal courts treated them with leniency. Justices, members of the public, and mothers themselves privileged other factors, particularly fiscal concerns and the maintenance of codes of female honor, above a concern with the crimes of infanticide and abortion.
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Frassetto, Mark Anthony. "The Law and Politics of Firearms Regulation in Reconstruction Texas". Texas A&M Law Review 4, n.º 1 (agosto de 2016): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v4.i1.3.
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In District of Columbia v. Heller, Justice Scalia instructed that the historical understanding of the right to keep and bear arms should inform our present day understanding of the Second Amendment. This means an accurate accounting of the history of firearms regulation is essential for understanding the scope of the Second Amendment. The current state of scholarship on Second Amendment history paints post-Civil War firearms regulations as racist efforts by Southern states to prevent blacks from defending themselves against racial violence. This reading distorts the historical record by ignoring the actors responsible for numerous gun laws across the former Confederacy. This article is, in part, a response to such inaccurate accounts. More fundamentally, this article provides an in-depth account of the political views of the Republican Unionists, who followed their ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment with strict regulation on publicly carrying firearms to protect freedmen from racial violence. This article’s account of Texas history makes clear that the Republican Unionists who ratified the Fourteenth Amendment held a narrow view of the right to carry firearms in public, and believed public carry could be broadly regulated. By contrast, it was the Southern Democrats — who had fought relentlessly against the Fourteenth Amendment after losing the Civil War — who advocated an expansive view of the right to carry guns in public, a view which gun rights proponents continue to espouse today.
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Mulyana, Novita, Made Budiarsa e Made Sri Satyawati. "Politeness Strategy Used in 10th Grade Students’ Anecdote Text". RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 5, n.º 1 (29 de abril de 2019): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.5.1.1079.72-78.
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This research was aimed to find out the types of politeness strategy that is used by 10th grade students to express criticism towards public issues through an anecdote text as well as the implication on the teaching and learning process of anecdote text in SMK TI Bali Global Jimbaran. There were fifteen anecdote texts analyzed in this research and they were collected through a writing test conducted in a 10th grade class in SMK TI Bali Global Jimbaran. The data were classified and analyzed based on the politeness strategy theory proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) and ethnography of communication theory proposed by Hymes (1973). The result of the analysis shows that from the fifteen anecdote texts collected, there were only two types of politeness strategy found to be used in expressing criticism, they are bald on record strategy and off record strategy. There are ten anecdote texts composed by the students found using bald on record strategy, while the other five anecdotes using off record strategy in expressing criticism towards public issues. In other words, more students still used the more risky way of expressing criticisms, therefore it is important for the teacher to choose or design a better model of learning which can improve the students’ pragmatic competence.
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Lavy, Ilana, e Atara Shriki. "On Reading Mathematical Texts, Question-Asking and Cognitive Load". Education Sciences 13, n.º 7 (3 de julho de 2023): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070678.
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In this study, we examined aspects relating to the impact of integrating question-asking activities and providing answers to these questions while reading historical mathematical texts on prospective mathematics teachers’ self-reported cognitive load. The research design of the study was quasi-experimental. The study participants included two groups of 20 students each (experimental and control). The experimental group was instructed to ask questions while coping with the texts, whereas the control group received no special instructions. The experimental group participants were asked to think aloud while coping with the texts and audio record themselves. These records were transcribed into written protocols. Both groups had to respond to a self-esteem index questionnaire in which they had to report the level of difficulty they experienced during their attempts to cope with the texts, as an indicator of their sense of cognitive load. This process was repeated at three time points, relating to three different texts. The data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Two main observations were obtained: (1) A significant difference was found between the control and the experimental groups regarding the decrease in cognitive load along the time points. Because the only difference between the control and experimental groups was the activity of question-asking, it might be concluded that question-asking affects the reduction in cognitive load. (2) Question-asking supports the assimilation of new information up to a specific limit, depending on the gap between existing knowledge and new information.
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Golec, Boris. "The Role of Slovenian Language in Legal Texts of Town and Market-Town Autonomy until the Spring of Nations of 1848". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 10, n.º 2 (26 de abril de 2012): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/10.2.171-186.
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Up to the 19th century, very little was written in Slovenian language; in the official and business life, the written Slovenian was an exception. This contribution discusses the role of Slovenian language in legal texts of towns and market-towns, namely those few Slovenian environments that through centuries had local self-government with its own elected representatives and judicial administration. Chronologically the contribution is limited to the period up to the Spring of Nations of 1848, after which the conditions for the public use of Slovenian language changed significantly. From the mid-16th century there are only a few dozen known Slovenian official records regarding undertakings of town and market-town autonomies. Among them, there are only a handful of stand-alone documents; and by far the most official oath forms. It is no coincidence that the records from towns and markets emphasizing the Slovenian linguistic image of the population have been preserved, since the bulk of these texts was created in these environments simply because there was a need for them. The vocabulary used is a faithful reflection of the actual terms used in administrative and legal terminology, often adapted German words, and loanwords. The first imperative of the writers of Slovenian official oath texts was their understandability, as they were mainly intended for oral use and wide audiences.
Keywords: town autonomy • market-town autonomy • legal texts • Slovenian language • the official language of official functioning • municipality
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Melaku, Nigus Demelash, Ali Fares e Ripendra Awal. "Exploring the Impact of Winter Storm Uri on Power Outage, Air Quality, and Water Systems in Texas, USA". Sustainability 15, n.º 5 (25 de fevereiro de 2023): 4173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054173.
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Texas was hit by a record-setting cold snap from the 14–17 February 2021 after three decades that resulted in power outages, disruption of the public water systems, and other cascading effects. This study investigates the unprecedented impact of winter storm Uri on power outages, air quality, and water systems in Texas, USA. Analysis of the Parameter Regression of Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) gridded climate data showed that the average daily freezing temperature range was 0–−19 °C on 14 February 2021, with severe levels (−17–−19 °C) occurring in the Texas High Plains. Our results showed that the extreme freezing temperature persisted from 14–17 February 2021, significantly affecting power operation and reliability, and creating power outages across Texas. Uri impacted the public water systems and air quality on time scales ranging from a few minutes to several days, resulting in 322 boiling notices. The air quality index level exceeded the standard limit by 51.7%, 61.7%, 50.8%, and 60% in Dallas–Fort Worth, Houston–Galveston, Austin, and Lubbock regions. The level of the pollutants exceeded the EPA NAAQS standard allowable limits during winter storm Uri. In general, this study gives information on the government’s future preparedness, policies, communication, and response to storm impacts on vulnerable regions and communities.
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Tytarenko, Valentyna. "Modelyuvannya istorychnoho slovnyka polonizmiv (na materiali pivnichnoukrayins'kykh pam'yatok XVI–XVII st.)". Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, n.º 14 (22 de novembro de 2021): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3143.si.2021-14.8.
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This article substantiates the relevance of the historical dictionary of words borrowed from the Polish language, describes the principles of its construction, the structure of the dictionary articles. The main purpose of the dictionary is to collectively present the Polonisms that functioned in the northern Ukrainian records of the XVI–XVII centuries as well as to indicate origins, semantics, chronology, territory, etc. The register of lexicographical work will include Polonisms found in the records of the XVI–XVII centuries. Borrowed words will be selected from the etymological source, etymon will be added to them, each lexical meaning will be illustrated, the location and time of writing the record will be indicated. If necessary, the words will be given a broader commentary on the semantics, phonetic or grammatical design, etc. Today, its file contains about 800 words of Polish origin, found in various texts of the XVI–XVII centuries in northern Ukrainian area (acts of city, sub-chamber and district governments in Volodymyr-Volynskyi, Lutsk, Zhytomyr, Ovruch, Kyiv, diplomas, universals both public and private; texts of various genres: fiction, polemical, confessional literature). In the publication we substantiate that before borrowing there must be an indication of the source of information (relevant etymological dictionaries or other work), because, firstly, it confirms the origin of foreign words, and secondly, from an ethical point of view, researchers often do not trace history of a foreign word, and on the basis of existing studies of etymologists, respectively, there should be a vocation, and thirdly, a number of tokens in Ukrainian linguistics do not have an unambiguous interpretation, so the researcher of borrowings thus illustrates whose views he adheres or has his own opinion.
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Weston, Cindy, Elizabeth Wells-Beede, Alice Salazar, Doris Poston, Sandra Brown, Martha Hare e Robin Page. "Patient-Centered Care Through Nurse Practitioner–Led Integrated Behavioral Health: A Case Study". Public Health Reports 138, n.º 1_suppl (maio de 2023): 36S—41S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549231152192.
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Integrated behavioral health can improve primary care and mental health outcomes. Access to behavioral health and primary care services in Texas is in crisis because of high uninsurance rates, regulatory restrictions, and lack of workforce. To address gaps in access to care, a partnership formed among a large local mental health authority in central Texas, a federally designated rural health clinic, and the Texas A&M University School of Nursing to create an interprofessional team-based health care delivery model led by nurse practitioners in rural and medically underserved areas of central Texas. Academic–practice partners identified 5 clinics for an integrated behavioral health care delivery model. From July 1, 2020, through December 31, 2021, a total of 3183 patient visits were completed. Patients were predominantly female (n = 1719, 54%) and Hispanic (n = 1750, 55%); 1050 (33%) were living at or below the federal poverty level; and 1400 (44%) were uninsured. The purpose of this case study was to describe the first year of implementation of the integrated health care delivery model, barriers to implementation, challenges to sustainability, and successes. We analyzed data from multiple sources, including meeting minutes and agendas, grant reports, direct observations of clinic flow, and interviews with clinic staff, and identified common qualitative themes (eg, challenges to integration, sustainability of integration, outcome successes). Results revealed implementation challenges with the electronic health record, service integration, low staffing levels during a global pandemic, and effective communication. We also examined 2 patient cases to illustrate the success of integrated behavioral health and highlighted lessons learned from the implementation process, including the need for a robust electronic health record and organizational flexibility.
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FELECAN, OLIVIU. "Normare academică în hodonimia românească". Studii și cercetări lingvistice 2022, n.º 2 (julho de 2022): 226–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/scl.2022.2.06.
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"In the texts written on traffic and street signs in contemporary Romanian public space, one can find numerous errors and deviations from the current language norms. Even websites testify to the language users' indifference towards the rules of the Romanian language and their disregard for its orthography. This study records street names containing anthroponyms and shows which are the most frequent irregularities in relation to the existing language norms."
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Haļzova, Zinta. "Local History Research Databases in Latvian Public Libraries". Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 12 (7 de setembro de 2022): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2022.12.3.
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The paper analyzes the collections and databases of the online local history research created by Latvian public libraries, as well as describes the content of the databases as well as available sources of information and its formats. The research base is websites of the main libraries of Latvia's regions and the digital local history research available online. The result of the research led to the conclusion that Latvian public libraries offer a wide range of online local history research resources and databases: local countyman databases and encyclopedia, libraries history materials, information about county, oral history collections: personal records and memory stories. The interviews can be evidenced in audio format. The full texts of the interviews have also been published. Several Latvian public libraries also offer a video format. It is concluded that the local history databases of Latvian public libraries store and provide unique information about the time, place, historical events and people in the region. The sources of oral history included in the local history databases in the collections of Latvian public libraries are an important part of the historical heritage.