Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Psychotropic drugs – adverse effects"
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Attoh, mensah Kouakou. "Risques de chutes et de troubles cognitifs consécutifs à la consommation de certains médicaments chez les seniors : approche translationnelle Psychotropic Polypharmacy in Adults 55 Years or Older: A Risk for Impaired Global Cognition, Executive Function, and Mobility Adverse Effects of Anticholinergic Drugs on Cognition and Mobility: Cutoff for Impairment in a Cross-Sectional Study in Young-Old and Old-Old Adults : Chronic tramadol administration impairs reversal learning in a touchscreen-based visual discrimination task in mice". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC427.
Texto completo da fontePsychotropic drugs and drugs with anticholinergic properties (anti-muscarinics) have been associated with risks of falls and cognitive impairment in the elderly. Our work aimed at improving knowledge about the role of these drugs in gait and cognitive impairment. We first showed that daily consumption of 2 or more psychotropic drugs per day and / or only 1 drug with anticholinergic properties, regardless of its anticholinergic burden, is associated with impaired scores on gait and cognitive test in a population of seniors from the age of 55 years. With regard to drugs with anticholinergic properties, these adverse effects were more pronounced in people aged 75 years or older. Executive functions were the severely affected by these drugs consumption. We have also shown that among the most prescribed drugs with anticholinergic properties, the consumption of tramadol, a level 2 analgesic, was the most associated with harmful effects on gait and cognition. However, it is difficult to ascertain that these observed adverse effects are solely driven by the consumption of tramadol due to the polypharmacy in this population. To identify the drugs most at risk, animal studies, in which the administration of drugs can be controlled, may be of great interest. Hence, as a second step, we showed that the chronic administration of tramadol impairs executive functions as measured by cognitive flexibility in young adult mice. Altogether these results should alert physicians on the fact that it is crucial to reduce polypharmacy of psychotropic drugs as well as the prescription of all types of drugs with anticholinergic properties. Alternative treatments should be prioritized as soon as possible. With regard to tramadol, these results suggest the need to strengthen the measures taken recently to combat the misuse of this analgesic
Purcell, Gregory Mark. "Intervention to improve the level of documentation of antipsychotic related adverse drug reactions". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10340.
Texto completo da fonteMelkersson, Kristina. "Influence of antipsychotic drugs on hormone levels /". Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4089-4/.
Texto completo da fonteRodgers, Amie D. Rusyn Ivan. "Modeling adverse liver effects of drugs using kNN QSAR method". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2463.
Texto completo da fonteTitle from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 3, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Sciences in the School of Medicine Toxicology." Discipline: Toxicology; Department/School: Medicine.
Lau, Phyllis Min-yu. "Adverse drug reactions in oncology". Monash University, Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5549.
Texto completo da fonteLefever, Timothy W. "Effects of olanzapine on olfactory delayed matching-to-sample in rats". View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/lefevert/timothylefever.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteWieliczko, Monika J. "Psychological effects of MDMA". Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2016. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/14928/.
Texto completo da fonteTamm, Leanne. "Single and combined effects of stimulant medication and contingencies on the cognitive performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004383.
Texto completo da fonteGunter, Bryan R., Kristen A. Butler, Richard L. Wallace, Steven M. Smith, Shimin Zheng, Sam Harirforoosh e Nakia J. Woodward. "NSAIDs-induced Cardiovascular Adverse Effects: A Meta-analysis". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/95.
Texto completo da fonteWang, Yu-Chin Lily. "Postmarketing surveillance of sumatriptan : patient population, efficacy, and adverse effects". Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2273.
Texto completo da fonteMutenda, Nicholus Mbangu. "Adverse effects experienced by patients on first line antiretroviral drugs used at Keetmanshoop Hospital (Namibia)". University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4549.
Texto completo da fonteAdverse effects are a significant factor that determine how long patients will tolerate a given antiretroviral drug regimen. They also influence treatment options, and play an important role in the much needed adherence to treatment by patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). This study is aimed at understanding adverse effects experienced by patients on the first line antiretroviral therapy at Keetmanshoop Hospital in Namibia. Methods : A retrospective quantitative method was used to review records of patients on first line antiretroviral treatment who started treatment between November 1st 2007 and December 1st, 2008 and followed up until they reached 36 – 48 months on treatment. Records of 94 patients were found eligible to be included in the study. Data was analysed using Stata 12 data analysis software. Results : The most reported adverse effect was musculoskeletal disorders (25%) whereas headache (16%) was the least reported. Low haemoglobin (78%) was the most common recorded hematologic adverse effect whereas low red cell distribution width and low mean platelet volume were the least recorded adverse effects (0%). A Male patient was more likely to experience a low haemoglobin levels compared to a female patient (adjusted OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.3 – 8.3). A male patient was found to be 64% times less likely to experience a higher mean cell haemoglobin compared to a female patient (adjusted OR. 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11 – 0.87). A patient on nevirapine was more likely to experience an elevated creatinine level compared to a patient on efavirenz (adjusted OR; 36.0, 95%CI: 2.02 – 62.5). At baseline, a patient who had prior exposure to ART had an 81 times (adjusted OR: 81.4, 95%CI: 5.3 – 119, p-value=0.00) increased odds of experiencing a high mean cell volume (MCV) compared to a patient with no ART exposure. A patient with a higher CD4 count was also less likely to experience a low hemoglobin compared to a patient with low CD4 count (adjusted OR; 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12 – 0.77). The author recommends further studies with higher sample size to confirm whether higher creatinine levels are more prevalent in patients on nevirapine compared to patients on efavirenz; this will have clinical implications especially in patients with impaired renal system. Antiretroviral treatment increases chances of developing macrocytosis anaemia; clinical implication of this condition may need to be investigated.
Darin, Areechokchai Wirach Maek-a.-nantawat. "Adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy : A five-year review at Chonburi Hospital, Thailand /". Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd400/4938552.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLICL has E-Thesis 0024 ; please contact computer services. LIRV has E-Thesis 0024 ; please contact circulation services.
Kunac, Desirée L., e n/a. "Adverse drug events and medication errors in a paediatric inpatient population". University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060707.161220.
Texto completo da fontePooviboonsuk, Prakob. "An investigation of the relationship between event-related potentials (ERPs) and the amnesiac and sedative effects of psychotropic drugs". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339129.
Texto completo da fonteGouws, Stephanus Andries. "The impact of hospital surveillance programmes on the incidence of adverse drug reaction reporting in a South African teaching hospital". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27186.
Texto completo da fonteSloss, Ian. "The effects of ethanol on memory and neuroplasticity in a vertebrate and an invertebrate model of learning". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65381/.
Texto completo da fonteO'Brien, Michelle University of Ballarat. "A study of multiple perspectives and knowledge in adverse drug reaction decision-making : Volume 1". University of Ballarat, 2004. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12769.
Texto completo da fonteDoctor of Philosophy
O'Brien, Michelle. "A study of multiple perspectives and knowledge in adverse drug reaction decision-making : Volume 1". Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2004. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/36308.
Texto completo da fonteDoctor of Philosophy
O'Brien, Michelle. "A study of multiple perspectives and knowledge in adverse drug reaction decision-making : Volume 1". University of Ballarat, 2004. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14606.
Texto completo da fonteDoctor of Philosophy
Lomas, Amy. "The renal effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD)". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20475.
Texto completo da fonteDepartment of Clinical Sciences
Gregory F. Grauer
Prostaglandins play many important roles in the kidney including regulation of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, renin release, and sodium excretion. Upon activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), prostaglandin upregulation becomes critical to offset the vasoconstrictive effects of norephinephrine, angiotensin II, and vasopressin. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) produce both their beneficial and detrimental effects through inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme and subsequent interference with prostaglandin production. Healthy canine kidneys express both COX-1 and COX-2, although basal COX-2 expression in dogs is significantly higher than in other species. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that spare COX-1 have exhibited less gastrointestinal toxicity, but no NSAID has been proven safe for the kidney. The kidney is the organ with the second highest reports of adverse drug events, which is usually manifested as functional changes. However, structural changes including renal papillary necrosis, can occasionally be observed. Dogs with chronic kidney disease could be expected to be at increased risk for NSAID-related adverse drug effects. As nephrons and renal reserve are lost in chronic kidney disease, the canine kidney becomes more dependent on COX-2 for production of prostaglandins. Inasmuch as the prevalence of both CKD and OA increases with age, it is expected that many dogs being treated with NSAIDs for OA will have loss of renal reserve and/or early stage CKD. If administration of an NSAID is required for long term treatment of osteoarthritis, frequent monitoring of blood pressure and renal parameters, as well as hepatic enzymes are recommended.
O'Connor, Eoin. "Investigations into the role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, in incentive learning and some behavioural and neurobiological effects of cocaine". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6981/.
Texto completo da fonteSylvestre, Marie-Pierre. "Flexible modelling for the cumulative effects of time-varying exposure, weighted by recency, on the hazard". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111917.
Texto completo da fonteTo address this challenge, I developed a flexible method for modelling cumulative effects of time-varying exposures, weighted by recency, represented by time-dependent covariates in the Cox proportional hazards model. The function that assigns weights to doses taken in the past is estimated using cubic regression splines. Models with different number of knots and constraints are estimated. Bootstrap techniques are used to obtain pointwise confidence bands around the weight functions, accounting for both the sampling variation of the regression coefficients, and the uncertainty at the model selection stage, i.e. the additional variance due to a posteriori selection of the number of knots.
To assess the method in simulations, I had to develop and validate a novel algorithm to generate event times conditional on time-dependent covariates and compared it with the algorithms available in the literature. The proposed algorithm extends a previously proposed permutational algorithm to include a rejection sampler. While all the algorithms generated data sets that, once analyzed, provided virtually unbiased estimates with comparable variances, the algorithm that I proposed reduced the computational time by more than 50 per cent relative to alternative methods. I used simulations to systematically investigate the properties of the weighted cumulative dose method. Six different weight functions were considered. Simulations showed that in most situations, the proposed method was able to capture the shape of the true weight functions and to produce estimates of the magnitude of the exposure effect on the risk that were close to those used to generate the data. I finally illustrated the use of the weighted cumulative dose modelling by reassessing the association between the use of selected benzodiazepines and fall-related injuries, using administrative data on a cohort of elderly who initiated their use of benzodiazepines between 1990 and 2004.
Azarbayjani, Faranak. "Common mechanism for teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs : Drug-induced embryonic arrhythmia and hypoxia-reoxygenation damage". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5065-2/.
Texto completo da fonteDavidson, Melissa Anne. "A Pharmacovigilance Approach for Assessing Cardiovascular, Osteological, and Carcinogenic Risk Associated with Thiazolidinedione Drugs Used in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38062.
Texto completo da fonteCunha, Eva Sofia Gonçalves da. "Avaliação dos efeitos secundários dos fármacos quimioterápicos em animais de companhia : estudo retrospetivo". Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7615.
Texto completo da fonteA quimioterapia é uma modalidade terapêutica usada em oncologia, cujo objetivo passa pela total erradicação das células tumorais ou pela cura, através da administração de fármacos quimioterápicos ou anti-neoplásicos. Estes atuam, na sua grande maioria, em células com elevado índice mitótico, atingindo não apenas as células neoplásicas como também as células normais, o que conduz aos chamados efeitos secundários. Este estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação e caracterização dos efeitos secundários dos fármacos quimioterápicos, na prática clínica de animais de companhia consistindo num estudo retrospetivo de casos. O desenho experimental incluiu todos os cães e gatos, machos e fêmeas, submetidos a pelo menos uma sessão de tratamento com fármacos quimioterápicos, independentemente do tipo de neoplasia, no Hospital Veterinário do Baixo Vouga e Policlínica Veterinária de Aveiro (desde 1 de Março de 2008 e de 2010, respetivamente, até dia 31 de Janeiro de 2014). Os efeitos secundários em análise foram a toxicidade hematopoiética, gastrointestinal, dermatológica e pulmonar, reações alérgicas/anafiláticas, cistite hemorrágica estéril, necrose perivascular/extravasamento, cardiotoxicidade, nefrotoxicidade, hepatotoxicidade, neurotoxicidade e síndrome de lise tumoral aguda. A análise estatística foi realizada com recurso ao programa Microsoft Excel 2010® e software R®. Foram avaliadas 266 sessões de quimioterapia realizadas em 42 animais, verificando-se que 71,43% destes exibiram toxicidade. Verificou-se uma clara predominância da toxicidade gastrointestinal e hematopoiética na amostra e nas sessões quimioterápicas avaliadas. Também a toxicidade dermatológica, reações anafiláticas/alérgicas, cistite hemorrágica estéril, necrose perivascular/extravasamento e cardiotoxicidade, foram identificados durante o estudo. Pela análise estatística foi possível identificar uma associação entre a toxicidade gastrointestinal e os fármacos em geral, e a epirrubicina em particular; as reações alérgicas/anafiláticas e a cardiotoxicidade com a doxorrubicina; e a cistite hemorrágica estéril com a ciclofosfamida e com a quimioterapia metronómica (ciclofosfamida e meloxicam).
ABSTRACT - EVALUATION OF ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS IN COMPANION ANIMALS- RETROSPECTIVE STUDY - Chemotherapy is a therapy used in oncology with the objective of elimination of all the tumor cells or the cure, through the administration of chemotherapeutic or antineoplastic drugs. These drugs act mainly in cells with high mitotic rate, affecting not only neoplastic cells but also normal cells, leading to the so-called adverse effects. The purpose of this study was the evaluation and characterization of the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in small animal clinical practice, and it was a retrospective study. The experimental design included all cats and dogs, males and females, subjected to at least one treatment session with chemotherapeutic drugs, regardless of the type of neoplasia, in the Hospital Veterinário do Baixo Vouga and Policlinica Veterinária de Aveiro (since March 1st, 2008 and 2010, respectively, until day 31th January 2014). The adverse effects under analysis were: hematologic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic and pulmonary toxicity, anaphylactic/allergic reactions, sterile hemorrhagic cystitis, perivascular necrosis/extravasation, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and acute tumor lysis syndrome. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010® and software R®. 266 chemotherapy sessions were evaluated in 42 animals, with 71.43% of the animals exhibiting toxicity. A clear predomination of gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity was detected, in the evaluated sample and therapy sessions. Dermatologic toxicity, anaphylactic/allergic reactions, sterile hemorrhagic cystitis, perivascular necrosis/extravasation and cardiac toxicity were also identified during the study. Through statistical analysis it was possible to identify an association between gastrointestinal toxicity and drugs in general and epirrubicin in particular; allergic/anaphylactic reactions and cardiotoxicity with doxorubicin; and sterile hemorrhagic cystitis with cyclophosphamide and with metronomic chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and meloxicam).
Joshi, Paliza. "Use of cognitive enhancing substances by University students: a cross-sectional study". Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/361.
Texto completo da fonteBranco, Klébia Magalhães Pereira Castello. "Análise clínica evolutiva do uso do tacrolimus como droga imunossupressora em transplante cardíaco pediátrico". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-24052011-163915/.
Texto completo da fonteTacrolimus is a potent calcineurin inhibitor that was introduced in heart transplantation therapy in the early 1990s. Organ transplant recipients with refractory rejection or intolerance to conventional immunosuppressant may respond to rescue therapy with tacrolimus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of children undergoing heart transplantation who required conversion from a cyclosporine to a tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen due to refractory rejection, late rejection or cyclosporine intolerance. We performed a prospective observational cohort study in 28 children who underwent cardiac transplantation at the Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical School and who required conversion from July 1999 to December 2009. The clinical outcome of the patients was evaluated after tacrolimus conversion. We also compared the patients on tacrolimus to the patients who remained on cyclosporine, and who had undergone heart transplantation during the same period. The mean age at the time of transplantation was 5.3 years and 8.2 years at the time of conversion. The causes of conversion were adverse side effects in 50% of patients, late rejection in 32% and refractory rejection in 18%. The mean time from heart transplant to conversion was 36 months and the mean follow-up period was 74 months. We observed complete resolution of refractory rejection episodes and adverse side effects in all patients. The incidence rate (x100) of rejection episodes before and after conversion was 7.98 and 2.11, respectively (p = <0.0001). The rate of infectious episodes before conversion was 5.89 and after conversion was 4.18 (p = 0.023). There was no statistically significant difference in relation to tumor, renal failure requiring dialysis, systemic arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, gallstones, diabetes mellitus, anemia, neurological complications, hirsutism and gingival hyperplasia after conversion. A significant incidence of cardiac allograft vasculopathy after conversion to tacrolimus was found (p = 0.004). When comparing patients on tacrolimus to patients on cyclosporine, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of rejection (p = 0.001), and infectious episodes (p = 0.002) in patients using tacrolimus. Patients converted to tacrolimus when compared to patients on cyclosporine had lower neurological complications, hirsutism and gingival hyperplasia, but higher prevalence of anemia. There was a 25% mortality rate in patients using tacrolimus after a mean period of 60 months after conversion. Three deaths were secondary to rejection, and only one in the first year after transplant. Patients using tacrolimus showed greater survival rate when compared to patients taking cyclosporine. The clinical outcome of children undergoing heart transplantation and who required conversion of immunosuppressive regimen allowed us to conclude that tacrolimus is effective as rescue therapy for refractory rejection and is a therapeutic option in pediatric patients
Paizinho, Ana Filipa Diogo da Rocha. "Efeitos secundários da quimioterapia antineoplásica e o seu impacto na qualidade de vida dos animais de companhia". Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21663.
Texto completo da fonteO aumento da esperança de vida dos animais de companhia favorece um crescimento no número de casos de doença oncológica, havendo, desta forma, cada vez mais donos que optam pelo tratamento quimioterápico, visando o prolongamento da vida dos seus animais. No entanto, a utilização destes compostos está, inevitavelmente, associada a toxicidade em diversos sistemas do organismo, levantando dúvidas relacionadas com a manutenção da qualidade de vida dos animais. Neste contexto, pretendeu-se, com este trabalho, quantificar os efeitos adversos da quimioterapia, assim como caracterizar a qualidade de vida dos animais submetidos a esta terapêutica farmacológica. Nos animais incluídos no estudo identificou-se uma frequência de 87,1% de efeitos adversos, dos quais 45,64% ocorreram a nível hematopoiético, com a manifestação de anemia, neutropénia e trombocitopénia, e 30,87% foram do foro gastrointestinal. Destes, na espécie canina, a diarreia surgiu em 42,5% das ocasiões e o vómito em 37,5%, e nos felídeos, a frequência de vómito foi de 50% e a de anorexia de 33,33%. A maioria das manifestações de efeitos deletérios surgiram em animais de idade avançada, estiveram associadas à administração de doxorrubicina e de vincristina e foram, maioritariamente, de grau I e II. Relativamente ao questionário de qualidade de vida aplicado no estudo, nas questões sobre alterações da higiene, gastrointestinais, urinárias, cardiorrespiratórias, da mobilidade e comportamentais, a maioria dos titulares respondeu que estas nunca ocorreram e, naqueles que responderam ter ocorrido, foram apenas em algumas a raras ocasiões. Também a presença de desconforto não foi significativa para a maioria dos donos e a disposição do animal manteve-se particamente inalterada. Quando questionados sobre se o bem-estar dos seus animais piorou durante a quimioterapia, 51,67% dos donos discordou fortemente. Destes, 45,83% dos titulares de cães e 50% dos titulares de gatos responderam que discordavam fortemente quando questionados se a qualidade de vida dos seus animais diminuiu durante o tratamento. Concluiu-se, assim, que embora tenha sido observada a indução de efeitos adversos pelo tratamento quimioterápico, estes não alteraram de forma considerável os parâmetros de bem-estar e não afetou a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
ABSTRACT - Anticancer chemotherapy and its impact in the quality of life of companion animals - The increase in life expectancy of companion animals favors an increase in the number of cases of oncological disease, with, therefore, more and more owners opting for chemotherapy treatment, aiming to prolong the life of their animals. However, the use of these drugs is inevitably associated with the induction of toxicity in various systems of the body, raising doubts related to the sustenance of the animal’s quality of life. In this context, it was intended with this work to quantify the adverse effects of chemotherapy, as well as to characterize the quality of life of the animals submitted to this treatment. In the animals of the study it was identified a frequency of 87,1% of adverse effects, of which 45,64% were hematopoietic, with the manifestation of anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, and 30,87% were gastrointestinal. Of these, in the canine species, diarrhea appeared in 42,5% of the occasions and vomiting in 37,5%, and in felids, the frequency of vomiting was 50% and that of anorexia 33,33%. Most manifestations of toxicity appeared in elder animals, were associated with the administration of doxorubicin and vincristine and were mostly grade I and II. Regarding the quality-of-life questionnaire applied in the study, in questions about hygiene and gastrointestinal, urinary, cardiorespiratory, mobility and behavioral changes, most owners replied that these never occurred and, of those who replied that they arose, were only in few to rare occasions. Also, the presence of discomfort was not significant for most owners and the disposition of their animals remained almost unchanged. When asked whether their animals' welfare has worsened during chemotherapy, 51,67% of the owners strongly disagreed. Of these, 45,83% of dog owners and 50% of cat owners responded that they strongly disagreed when asked if their animals' quality of life decreased during treatment. Therefore, it was concluded that although it was observed chemotherapy induced-side effects, these did not considerably alter the parameters of well-being and did not affect the patients’ quality of life.
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Hirota, Adriana Sayuri. "Análise do suporte ventilatório mecânico durante anestesia e sua correlação com as complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias: um estudo observacional". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-02102014-111242/.
Texto completo da fonteIntroduction: The formation of the atelectasis during the induction of the anesthesia can be one of the factors involved in the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). The application of the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), low inpiratory concentrations of oxygen and the alveolar recruitment maneuvers perform in the intraoperative period are approaches used in the prevention of atelectasis in the anesthesia procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate, in prospective observational study, the pattern of mechanical ventilatory assistence during longer anesthesia procedures and its correlations with the PPCs. Methods: The surgeries procedures longer than five hours have been evaluated in observational study. At the beginning of the anesthesia procedure, in the operatory room and after its terminus, in the intensive care unit, the mechanical ventilation parameters were determined and correlated with the findings in the chest x-rays and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) in room air. Results: One hundred twenty one patients have been observed. The total time of anesthesia was 499,4 ± 159,8 minutes. The tidal volume (VT) in the intraoperative period was 8,09 ± 2,15 mL/kg and the PEEP used was 3,05 ± 2,31 cmH2O. There was a difference for the median of the SpO2 in room air (96% [95-97] vs 95% [92-96], p <0,001) comparing the pre and postoperative periods. The frequency of patients who had presented atelectasis in the chest x-rays of the postoperative period (38,8%) was significantly higher than the preoperative period (0%), x2=32,259. No correlation was found among these findings and the anesthesia time (p=0,708); the intraoperative PEEP used (p=0,296); time with mechanical ventilatory support in the postoperative period (p = 0,146) and smoking habits (p = 0,563). Conclusions: In the intraoperative period, the PEEP is low in longer procedures. The SpO2 decreases and the incidence of the atelectasis increases in the postoperative period, when compared with the preoperative one. Other researches are required for better evaluation of the factors related for the development of the PPCs
Marodin, Gabriela. "Riscos de eventos adversos gastrintestinais nos projetos de pesquisa de fármacos envolvendo seres humanos". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14955.
Texto completo da fonteRisk evaluation is a systematic process whereby damage possibility, exposure and the risk itself are identified and quantified. The consideration that the participation in a study is risky is founded on the precaution principle, i.e., the warranty of existing protection measures against potential risks. According to the severity of the adverse events and of its occurrence probability, one determines if the foreseen risk is negligible, tolerable or intolerable. Therefore, risk characterization represents an important link between the scientific data obtained from the different studies and the decision-makings, to monitoring and to risk communication. The objective of this study is evaluating the foreseen risks of gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) in research projects with human beings in the pharmacological field carried out at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre – HCPA by means of the Informed Consent Form – ICF, of the researcher brochure and of the Research Protocol. A transversal study was carried out with an observation unit in the gastrointestinal AEs, through the survey of risk of projects of clinical trial with private sponsorship submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee – REC of the HCPA in 2004. Out of 58 analyzed protocols were identified 9734 risk references of general AEs, being 1463 (15.0%) gastrointestinal. Out of these, 181 (12.4%) appear on the ICF only, deprived of theoretical basis; while 1047 (71.6%) are described in documents non available for the participant, non-shared information, with theoretical basis; only 235 risk references that represent 16.0% of the total gastrointestinal risk, as shared and documented information for the participant and the researcher, having theoretical basis. These 1463 risk references of gastrointestinal AEs were standardized by making use of the International Code of Diseases – 10th Revision –, and 170 different risk types were obtained. The risks with more reference repetition in the protocols were: nausea and vomit 14.1%; alteration of intestinal habit 6.5%; increase of the levels of transaminases and of lactic dehydrogenase 5.7%; abdominal pain 4.9%. As to the severity, out of the 170 risk types, 65 (38.2%) are severe, 52 (30.6%) moderate, 30 (17.6%) soft and 23 (13.5%) of multiple classification. All of the documents regarding the research protocol should contain the description and quantification of the important risks either due to high severity or to frequency. In the ICF, some of the risks were described however deprived of an adequate quantification and characterization. The brochure presented the information about the risks, however in a disperse way over the document leading to a difficult utilization of these data in the proposed interventions. In the analyzed protocols was observed lack of homogeneity and standardization to adequately express the risks that had already occured in previous studies. This observation demonstrates the importance of careful reading of all of the documentation addressed for evaluation by the REC aiming at the active protection of the research subjects.
Amaral, Renata Teixeira do. "Avaliação dos níveis plasmáticos e possíveis alterações clínico-laboratoriais em pacientes portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica na terapia com nifedipina". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-29012018-101149/.
Texto completo da fonteNifedipine, a compound of dihydropyridine class, is a calcium-channel antagonists drug that inhibits the transmembrane influx of Ca+2 into cardiac muscle cells and vasculas smooth muscle cells throught specific ion channels. It induces smooth muscle relaxation and decreases peripheral vascular resistance. It is widely used for the treatment of high blood pressure, and is considered as a essencial medicine by the Brazilian government. In Sao Paulo state, this drug has been distributed to hypertensive patients in treatment. Since the drug quantification in plasma contributes for a drug safety use, the objective of the present study was to develop and validate a accurate, specific and reproducible method for the determination of nifedipine in plasma by gas chromatography with eletron capture detection. The validated method was applied in samples of hipertensive patients on 60 mg daily dose of nifedipine with the purpose to evaluate the relation between drug plasma concentration and it\'s daily dose versus the hemodymamic effects, possible side effects and biochemical and hematologic alterations. The method was linear over a concentration range of 10 -200 ng.mL-1 (r2>0,99). The coefficient of variation of intra- and inter-assay precision less than 10% and the recovery was higher than 74%. The limit of detection and quantification were 1,0 and 2,0 ng.mL-1, respectively. Nifedipine was found to be stable in samples stored at -70ºC for 90 days and protect from light. The result showed that patients with drug plasma concentration within therapeutics levels also showed systolic and diastolic blood pressure succesfully controled. Therefore, these patients do not manifested any adverse effects specially in biochemical and hematologic systems. Other adverse efects of nifedipine such as headache, peripheral edema, hypotension, redness, cramp and cough reported by the patients at the beggining of thetreatment, were gradually diminishing and rarely related.
Alassaad, Anna. "Improving the Quality and Safety of Drug Use in Hospitalized Elderly : Assessing the Effects of Clinical Pharmacist Interventions and Identifying Patients at Risk of Drug-related Morbidity and Mortality". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234488.
Texto completo da fonteVargas, Rafael Arêas. "Efeito crônico da administração de esteróide anabólico androgênico na próstata de ratos". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5235.
Texto completo da fonteJúnior, Altamiro Ribeiro Dias. "Efeitos das terapêuticas com estrogênios eqüinos conjugados ou raloxifeno sobre a rigidez arterial em mulheres na menopausa". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-03102014-143049/.
Texto completo da fonteINTRODUCTION: Arterial stiffness has been recognized as a cardiovascular risk factor, an important determinant of the left ventricular overload and a marker of cardiovascular aging. However, the clinical impact of arterial stiffness and how it is affected by hormone therapy has not been fully investigated. This study analyzed the influence of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) or raloxifene on arterial stiffness and how the may influence successful cardiovascular aging. METHODS: Sixty-seven healthy and normotensive women with 1 to 10 years of menopause were randomly assigned to one of three groups, with 24, 25, and 18 participants. They were given oral placebo, 0,625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen, or 60 mg of raloxifene, respectively, for 4 consecutive months. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by measurement of the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV CF) and femoral-dorsalis pedis pulse wave velocity (PWV FP), and the systolic pressure augmentation index (AI) at the carotid artery obtained by applanation tonometry. RESULTS: None of the treatment regimens affected arterial stiffness: placebo (PWV CF before x after: 644 x 626 cm/s, p= 0.09; PWV FP before x after : 1006 x 1012 cm/s, p= 0.77; AI before x after = 30 x 29%, p= 0.55), CEE (PWV CF before x after: 642 x 600 cm/s, p= 0.11; PWV FP before x after: 952 x 971 cm/s, p= 0.66; AI before x after: 25 x 32%, p= 0.82) and raloxifene (PWV CF before x after: 636 x 601 cm/s, p= 0.12; PWV FP before x after: 964 x 941 cm/s, p= 0.62; AI before x afer:25 x 25%, p= 0.65). Despite the absence of statistically significant reduction in arterial stiffness with treatment, there was a significant correlation between basal stiffness and the degree of reduction in the indexes measured, indicating that the higher the basal stiffness, the greater the degree of reduction, particularly in the CEE group: PWV CF (r= -0.602, p= 0.001); PWV FP (r= -0.455, p= 0.022); AI (r= -0.410, p= 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Conjugated equine estrogen and raloxifene do not seem to affect arterial stiffness of healthy normotensive women with less than 10 years of menopause
Dib, Ricardo Anuar. "Avaliação de sintomas e lesões esôfago-gastroduodenais secundários ao uso de antiinflamatórios". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5168/tde-08112013-110643/.
Texto completo da fonteIntroduction: The non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), including aspirin, are drugs widely used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and pain. This use may cause serious side-effects, leading to considerable morbidity and mortality related to ulcer, duodenal and gastric disease, especially gastrointestinal bleeding. The overall relative risk of gastroduodenal complications is three to ten times higher in users of NSAID, compared to healthy individuals. Around 25% of the chronic users of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) will develop ulcer disease, and 2 to 4% will present bleeding or perforation. More than 17,000,000 North Americans use several kinds of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) on a daily basis. This causes more than 100,000 hospitalizations and from 7,000 to 10,000 deaths every year in the USA, which makes this drug one of the most commonly used on the planet. About 50% of the lesions observed in endoscopies occur without any kind of symptom. It is believed that there was an increase in the prevalence of digestive lesions due to the replacement of COX-2 anti-inflammatory drugs with traditional anti-inflammatory drugs, especially because of the lack of preventive care of this kind of occurrence in at-risk populations. Goals: a) Evaluate the prevalence of lesions and digestive complications, secondary to the use of NSAID; b) Evaluate the clinical profile of the patient seen for digestive complaints and the relation of these complaints with the endoscopic findings. Materials and Methods: Prospective, multi-centric, open study, evaluating consecutively 1,231 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy exam due to digestive complaints in isolation or associated, such as: 1) pyrosis; 2) epigastric pain; 3) abdominal pain; 4) nausea; 5) vomiting. Before performing the exam of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, patients answered a questionnaire whose goal was to evaluate the onset and kind of clinical complaint, the use of medication and possible complications associated to digestive bleeding. The inclusion criteria were: Patients of both sexes with the minimum age of 18 and whose symptoms had begun up to 14 days before undergoing the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Exclusion criteria: patients who refused to participate in the study and/ or who refused to sign the Informed Consent Term, the ones who were unable to respond to the questionnaire, the ones who were under 18 years old, patients who had undergone a previous gastric surgery and patients with kidney or hepatic failure. Results: 1,213 patients with ages ranging from 18-82 were evaluated, 65% of which were female and 13,1% were smokers, 15,6% mentioned they ingested alcoholic beverages. The use of NSAID was more frequent among females. However, the number of complications was higher among males (bleeding occurred twice as much; p=0,045 and the occurrence of ulcer was almost 1,5 times higher; p=0,041). The main signs and symptoms reported were epigastralgia and pyrosis (67% and 62%). The 1,213 patients were divided into two groups: Group I- NSAID, made up by 228 (18,8%) and Group II- Non NSAID, made up by 985 patients (81,2%). The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was normal in 3,9% of the patients in Group I and in 10,7% of the patients in Group II (p<0,001). A patient who does not use NSAID will be 2,5 times more likely to have normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy than the one who used NSAID (p=0,001). The presence of erosive or ulcer lesions in the stomach and duodenum was more frequent in Group I patients when compared to those of Group II. It is observed that the incidence of lesions in the stomach, both erosive and ulcer is higher when compared to the duodenum (erosions: 49,12% vs. 13,60, p=0,001; ulcers: 14,04% vs. 11,84, p= 0,05). The risk of digestive bleeding is 12 times higher (6,14% vs. 0,51%) in patients who used NSAID, and the stomach is the site with higher prevalence of bleeding. No statistic difference was observed when the presence of erosive esophagitis in both groups was analyzed. Conclusions: We observed that the frequency of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and digestive bleeding was higher in patients who used NSAID. Relations between the endoscopic findings and the dyspeptic symptoms were not found. The influence of NSAIDs on the appearance of erosive esophagitis was not observed
Fappi, Alan. "Efeitos do ácido graxo ômega-3 na prevenção da atrofia muscular induzida pela dexametasona". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-13012014-114428/.
Texto completo da fonteMany conditions can be related to muscle atrophy, such as inactivity, aging, sepsis, diabetes, cancer, as well as, glucocorticoid treatment. All these conditions lead to muscle atrophy through mechanisms that include increase of protein degradation and/or decrease of protein synthesis involving at least five systems: lysossomal, calpain, caspases, metaloproteinases and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone cause muscle atrophy acting in almost all of these systems, with a significant UPS activation and affecting an important pathway related to muscular trophism, IGF-1/PI-3k/Akt/mTOR pathway. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as Omega-3 (omega-3), have been used beneficially to attenuation of muscle atrophy that occur in sepsis and cachexia related to cancer, however, its action in the glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy, has never been evaluated. Objective: Assess whether the omega-3 supplementation would influence the development of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in rats. Methods: Twenty four Wistar rats supplemented and non-supplemented with omega-3 (40 days) were submitted to dexamethasone administration (5mg/kg/day) during the last 10 days, thus establishing 4 groups: control (CT), dexamethasone (DX), omega-3 and dexamethasone+omega-3 (DX+ omega-3). The amount of large and small movements in open field; muscle fiber cross sectional areas (I, IIA and IIB); MyoD, Myogenin, MuRF-1, Atrogin-1 and Myostatin gene expression; and protein expression of Akt, GSK3omega, FOXO3a and mTOR, total and phosphorylated forms were assessed, respectively, by: motor behavior testing, histological reactions, Real-time PCR and Western Blotting analysis. Results: Dexamethasone administration induced significant decrease of small motor movements, atrophy in type IIB muscle fibers and decrease of P-Akt, P-GSK3omega and P-FOXO3a/total FOXO3a expression. Omega-3 supplementation was not able to attenuate these changes. Instead, omega-3 associated to dexamethasone (DX+ omega-3 group) additionally induced higher muscle atrophy in type I, IIA muscle fibers, and reduced expression of Myogenin. The isolated use of Omega-3 led to a significant higher expression of Myostatin and MyoD, and a non-significant increase of total mTOR protein expression and less body weight gain at end of study. Conclusion: Supplementation of omega-3 was not able to attenuate motor behavioral changes, muscle atrophy and loss of body weight caused by dexamethasone administration, leading on the other hand to higher muscle fibers atrophy and increase in atrogenes expression. Therefore, this study suggests that food supplements, usually considered benefic to the health, such as Omega-3 fatty acid, may interact with some medications, such as glucocorticoids, potentiating its side effects
Park, Chin S. "Adverse Outcomes Associated with Psychotropic Medication Usage in Nursing Homes". Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8WW7HV4.
Texto completo da fonteNovais, Sofia Alexandra Machado. "Predicting Adverse Effects of Drugs". Master's thesis, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/105434.
Texto completo da fonteNovais, Sofia Alexandra Machado. "Predicting Adverse Effects of Drugs". Dissertação, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/105434.
Texto completo da fonteHsu, Ying-pao, e 許櫻寶. "Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Gastrointestinal Adverse Effects". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86975680437062110382.
Texto completo da fonte國立成功大學
臨床藥學研究所
97
Background NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) are among the most widely used medicines in the world. Unfortunately, they are associated with dose-dependent gastrointestinal adverse events ranging from dyspepsia (10–20%) to symptomatic and complicated ulcers (1–4%). Although clinical trial results suggest that coxibs has less gastrointestinal toxicity than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but not in meta-analysis. Objective To estimate whether preferential and selective coxibs have been channeled towards high risk patients, and to estimate the risk of hospitalisation for gastrointestinal haemorrhage associated with the use of these drugs, allowing for the effects of channelling. Method This was a retrospective cohort study using National Health Insurance databases. The study included only new episodes of prescribed NSAID or coxib use between 2002 and 2003 and controlled for multiple baseline risk factors for upper gastrointestinal disease. We compared gastrointestinal haemorrhage hospitalization rates among patients taking NS-NSAIDs, preferential and selective coxibs. Result There are total 29,887 people as the object of study of which female accounts for 46.77%. The average age is 48.46 year-old and the percentage of people above 60 is 28.01. Analyses stratified by propensity score with individual covariate adjustments, the adjusted HRs of gastrointestinal haemorrhage for preferential coxibs compared with older non-specific NSAIDs are 0.606 (95% CI: 0.315-1.164). The adjusted HRs of gastrointestinal haemorrhage for selective coxibs compared with older non-specific NSAIDs are 1.473 (95% CI: 0.872-2.488). There was no significant difference in the HRs for preferential and selective coxibs compared with older non-specific NSAIDs. Conclusion Channelling towards high risk gastrointestinal patients occurred in the prescribing of preferential and selective coxibs. After attempting to correct for channelling bias, preferential and selective coxibs exposure was not associated with a significantly lower risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage than older non-specific NSAID exposure.
"Adverse reaction of Chinese herbal medicines". 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891440.
Texto completo da fonteThesis submitted in: July 2002.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 281-306).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Cover (English & Chinese version) --- p.I
中文封面 --- p.II
Abstract (English version) --- p.III-IV
中藥不良反應論文摘要 --- p.V
Acknowledgements --- p.VI
Abbreviations --- p.VII-VIII
Publication in press --- p.IX
Content --- p.X-XV
Lists of Table --- p.XVI
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-3
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Chinese herbal medicines used in Hong Kong. --- p.4-15
Chapter 2.1 --- Overview --- p.4-5
Chapter 2.2 --- The Policy In Hong Kong -- Past And Present --- p.5-1
Chapter 2.3 --- The Preparatory Committee on Chinese Medicine (PCCM) --- p.7-8
Chapter 2.4 --- The Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong --- p.8-10
Chapter 2.5 --- Development of Standards --- p.10
Chapter 2.6 --- Development of Centres of Good Clinical Practice --- p.10-11
Chapter 2.7 --- Establishment of a Good System of Education and Training --- p.11
Chapter 2.8 --- Investigation of Suspected Herbal Toxicity Cases --- p.12-13
Chapter 2.8.1 --- Herbal Safety Surveillance --- p.13-14
Chapter 2.9 --- Conclusion --- p.14-15
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Herbal medicines used in other countries --- p.16-45
Chapter 3.1 --- Overview --- p.16
Chapter 3.2 --- China --- p.16-19
Chapter 3.3 --- Macau --- p.22-23
Chapter 3.4 --- Taiwan --- p.23-26
Chapter 3.5 --- Japan --- p.27-30
Chapter 3.6 --- Singapore --- p.30-31
Chapter 3.7 --- Australia --- p.31-34
Chapter 3.8 --- Others Asian countries --- p.35
Chapter 3.9 --- USA --- p.35-39
Chapter 3.10 --- United Kingdom --- p.39-41
Chapter 3.11 --- Europe --- p.41-43
Chapter 3.12 --- Germany --- p.43-45
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Adverse reaction -- General Aspect --- p.46-63
Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.46
Chapter 4.2 --- Traditional Chinese medicine --- p.47-49
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Compound Prescriptions to Reduce Toxicity --- p.50
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Processing Of Chinese Herbs --- p.50-51
Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- The Aims of Herbal Drug Processing --- p.51-52
Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- The Methods of Herbal Drug Processing --- p.52
Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- External processing (simple treatment by trimming) --- p.52-53
Chapter 4.2.2.4 --- Water processing --- p.53-54
Chapter 4.2.2.5 --- Fire processing --- p.54
Chapter 4.2.2.6 --- Water-fire processing --- p.54-55
Chapter 4.2.2.7 --- Other methods --- p.55
Chapter 4.3 --- Practical Problem in Traditional Chinese Medicine --- p.55-57
Chapter 4.4 --- Evaluation of herbal adverse reactions --- p.57
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Type A reactions --- p.57
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Type B reactions --- p.58
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Type C reactions --- p.58
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Type D reactions --- p.58
Chapter 4.5 --- Chinese Proprietary medicine --- p.58-59
Chapter 4.6 --- Potential Risks for Herbal Adverse Reaction --- p.59
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Misidentification --- p.59-60
Chapter 4.6.2 --- Lack of standardisation --- p.60
Chapter 4.6.3 --- Contamination --- p.60
Chapter 4.6.4 --- Incorrect preparation / dosage --- p.60
Chapter 4.6.5 --- Excessive dosage --- p.60-61
Chapter 4.6.6 --- Individual errors --- p.61
Chapter 4.6.7 --- Individual response --- p.61
Chapter 4.6.8 --- Unqualified Herbal Practitioner with Wrong Prescription --- p.61-62
Chapter 4.6.9 --- Interaction with Western medicine --- p.62
Chapter 4.6.10 --- Prolonged Usage --- p.62
Chapter 4.6.11. --- Coexisting disease --- p.62-63
Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.63
Chapter Chapter 5 --- "Substitution, Adulteration or Misusing with Toxic Herbs" --- p.64-84
Chapter 5.1 --- Overview --- p.64-65
Chapter 5.2 --- Adulteration by Guijiu --- p.65-68
Chapter 5.3 --- Anticholinergic reactions Caused by
Chapter 5.4 --- Overdosage --- p.74
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Overdose of Aconitine --- p.74-78
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Overdose of Liquorice ('Gancao') --- p.78-80
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Overdose of
Chapter 5.5 --- Misusing - Personal abuse --- p.80
Chapter 5.5.1 ---
Chapter 5.6 --- Discussion --- p.81-84
Chapter 5.7 --- Conclusion --- p.84
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Chinese Patent Medicine - General Aspect --- p.85-112
Chapter 6.1 --- Chinese Patent Medicine --- p.85
Chapter 6.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.85-87
Chapter 6.1.2 --- Herbal Injection and Infusion --- p.87-88
Chapter 6.1.2.1 --- Variety & Processing --- p.88
Chapter 6.1.2.2 --- Stabilization --- p.88-89
Chapter 6.1.2.3 --- The Molecular Size --- p.89-90
Chapter 6.1.3 --- Adverse Reactions Caused by Chinese Proprietary Medicines --- p.90
Chapter 6.1.3.1 --- Aconitine poisoning --- p.90
Chapter 6.1.3.2 --- Nan Lien Chui Fong Toukuwan' --- p.90-91
Chapter 6.1.3.3 --- Jin Bu Huan' --- p.91
Chapter 6.1.3.4 --- Baoyingdan' --- p.91
Chapter 6.1.4 --- Heavy metals in CPM --- p.91
Chapter 6.1.5 --- The Necessarity to Develop Randomise Herbal Clinical Trial. --- p.91-92
Chapter 6.1.6 --- Recommendation --- p.92-93
Chapter 6.1.7 --- Conclusion --- p.93-94
Chapter 6.2 --- Adulteration by synthetic therapeutic substances --- p.95-104
Chapter 6.2.1 --- The Experiences in China --- p.91-99
Chapter 6.2.2 --- The Experiences in Hong Kong --- p.99-101
Chapter 6.2.3 --- The Experience in Taiwan --- p.101-102
Chapter 6.2.4 --- Discussion --- p.102-104
Chapter 6.3 --- Oil of Wintergreen (Methyl salicylate) --- p.104-112
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Overview --- p.104-111
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Prevention --- p.111-112
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Adverse effects of Ginseng. --- p.113-123
Chapter 7.1 --- Overview --- p.113
Chapter 7.2 --- Botany --- p.113-114
Chapter 7.3 --- Pharmacological Effects --- p.114-115
Chapter 7.4 --- Adverse reaction of Ginseng --- p.115
Chapter 7.4.1 --- Overdosage --- p.115-116
Chapter 7.4.2 --- Substitution with cheaper and more toxic herbs --- p.116-121
Chapter 7.5 --- Drug - herb Interaction --- p.121-122
Chapter 7.6 --- Conclusion --- p.123
Chapter Chapter 8 --- Herbal Medicines With Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions --- p.124-123
Chapter 8.1 --- Overview --- p.124
Chapter 8.2 --- Hypertension --- p.124
Chapter 8.3 --- Atherosclerosis --- p.124-125
Chapter 8.4 --- Arrhythmias --- p.125-126
Chapter 8.5 --- Cardic Failure --- p.126
Chapter 8.6 --- Angia Pectoris --- p.126
Chapter 8.7 --- Thromboembolic Disorders --- p.126-127
Chapter 8.8 --- Discussion --- p.127-128
Chapter 8.8.1 --- Herbal Medicine Used in Cardiovascular System --- p.131
Chapter 8.8.1.1 --- Ginseng --- p.131-133
Chapter 8.8.1.2 --- Ma huang (Ephedra sinica) --- p.133-136
Chapter 8.8.1.3 --- Yellow oleander (Thevetia neriifolia) --- p.136-137
Chapter 8.8.1.4 --- Stephania tetrandra --- p.137-138
Chapter 8.8.1.5 --- Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) --- p.138
Chapter 8.8.1.8 --- Ginkgo biloba --- p.138-140
Chapter 8.8.1.9 --- Dong Quai (Angelicae Sinensis) --- p.140-141
Chapter 8.8.1.10 --- Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) --- p.141-143
Chapter 8.8.1.11 --- Berberine --- p.143
Chapter 8.8.2 --- Potential Problem Caused by Chinese Proprietary Medicine --- p.143-144
Chapter 8.9 --- Other Herbal Adverse Effects And Drug Interaction --- p.144-145
Chapter 8.10 --- Conclusion --- p.145
Chapter Chapter 9 --- Review of the Adverse Reactions to herbal treatments of Obesity --- p.146-150
Chapter 9.1 --- Overview --- p.146
Chapter 9.2 --- Combined With Unknown medication --- p.146-147
Chapter 9.3 --- Dietary Supplements and Herbal Preparations --- p.147-149
Chapter 9.4 --- Conclusion --- p.149-150
Chapter Chapter 10 --- Adverse Effects of CHM used for Diabetes --- p.151-159
Chapter 10.1 --- Introduction --- p.151
Chapter 10.2 --- Traditional Chinese medicine used in Diabetes --- p.151
Chapter 10.3 --- Adverse Reaction of Alternative Diabetic Treatment --- p.152-158
Chapter 10.4 --- Conclusion --- p.159
Chapter Chapter 11 --- Review of Herbal Hepatotoxicity --- p.160-194
Chapter 11.1 --- Introduction --- p.160-161
Chapter 11.2 --- Drug-induced hepatic injury --- p.161-163
Chapter 11.3 --- Types of Liver Injury --- p.163
Chapter 11.3.1 --- Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) --- p.163
Chapter 11.4 --- Hepatotoxicity Herbs --- p.163
Chapter 11.4.1 --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- p.163-164
Chapter 11.4.2 --- Rhizoma Discoreae Bulbiferae --- p.164-165
Chapter 11.5 --- Consumption of Insect herbs --- p.165
Chapter 11.6 --- Hepatotoxicity Cause by Chinese Proprietary Medicine --- p.165-166
Chapter 11.6.1 --- Jin Bu Huan --- p.166-168
Chapter 11.6.2 --- Chi R Yun (Breynia officinalis) --- p.168
Chapter 11.6.3 --- Sho-saiko-to --- p.168-169
Chapter 11.6.4 --- Shou-Wu-Pian --- p.169-171
Chapter 11.7 --- Importance of Drug-Herb and Herb-Herb Interactions --- p.171-172
Chapter 11.8 --- Diagnosis of Herbal Hepatotoxicity --- p.172-173
Chapter 11.9 --- Recomandation --- p.173-174
Chapter 11.10 --- Conclusion --- p.175
Table --- p.176-180
Chapter Chapter 12 --- Review of Herbal Nephropathy --- p.181-194
Chapter 12.1 --- Introduction --- p.181
Chapter 12.2 --- Aristolochia acids (AA) --- p.181-183
Chapter 12.2.1 --- Intoxication of Aristolochia in Worldwide --- p.183-184
Chapter 12.2.2 --- Morphological findings --- p.184-185
Chapter 12.2.3 --- Carcinogenic --- p.185-187
Chapter 12.3 --- MuTong (Aristolochia manshuriensis) --- p.187-188
Chapter 12.4 --- Ma-dou-ling (Fructus Aristolochiae) --- p.188
Chapter 12.5 --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- p.188-189
Chapter 12.6 --- Gastrodia Elata --- p.189
Chapter 12.7 --- Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) --- p.190-191
Chapter 12.8 --- Hippocampus (Sea Horse) --- p.191
Chapter 12.9 --- Milabris Phanalerata --- p.191-192
Chapter 12.10 --- Chinese Proprietary Medicine --- p.192-193
Chapter 12.11 --- Conclusion --- p.193-194
Chapter Chapter 13 --- Adverse Reaction of Herbal Medicine in Dermatology. --- p.195-217
Chapter 13.1 --- Overview --- p.195-196
Chapter 13.2 --- Chinese Herbal Medicine Used in Psoriasis --- p.196
Chapter 13.2.1 --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- p.197
Chapter 13.2.2 --- Radix Angelicae pubescentis and Radix Angelicae dahuricae --- p.197-198
Chapter 13.2.3 --- Radix macrotomiae seu Lithospermi Injection --- p.198
Chapter 13.3 --- Chinese Herbal Decoction For Atopic Dermatitis --- p.198-200
Chapter 13.3.1 --- Tea Extracts --- p.200-201
Chapter 13.4 --- Potential Adverse Effect with Herbal Medicine --- p.201
Chapter 13.4.1 --- Allergic skin reactions --- p.201-202
Chapter 13.4.2 --- Stevens-Johnson syndrome --- p.202
Chapter 13.4.3 --- Photosensitization --- p.202-204
Chapter 13.4.4 --- Pellagra --- p.204
Chapter 13.4.5 --- Hepatotoxic Effects --- p.204-205
Chapter 13.4.6 --- Others Adverse Reaction --- p.205
Chapter 13.4.7 --- Potential Adverse Reaction Caused by Interactions --- p.205
Chapter 13.5 --- Potential Adverse Reaction Caused by Contamination of Herbal Product --- p.206
Chapter 13.5.1 --- Herbal creams adulterated with corticosteroids --- p.206-207
Chapter 13.5.2 --- Arsenic dermatoses --- p.207
Chapter 13.5.3 --- Mercury poisoning --- p.207-208
Table --- p.208-211
Chapter 13.6 --- Dermatological Adverse Reaction Caused by Herbs --- p.211
Chapter 13.7 --- Contact Dermatitis Caused by CPM --- p.211-212
Chapter 13.7.1 --- Liushenwan' --- p.211-212
Chapter 13.7.2 --- Heiguiyou' --- p.212
Chapter 13.7.3 --- 101 Hair Regrowth Liniment' --- p.212-213
Chapter 13.7.4 --- Zhenggushui' --- p.213
Chapter 13.7.5 --- Tiedayaoiing' --- p.213-214
Table --- p.214-215
Chapter 13.8 --- Non-dermatological adverse effects of systemic herbal treatments used for dermatological conditions --- p.215-216
Chapter 13.9 --- Conclusion --- p.216-217
Chapter Chapter 14 --- "Chinese Herbal Medicine in Pregnancy, Infants & Children," --- p.218-229
Chapter 14.1 --- Overview --- p.218-219
Chapter 14.2 --- Asian Cultures for Pregnancy --- p.219-223
Chapter 14.3 --- Teratogenic Herbs --- p.224-225
Chapter 14.4 --- Chinese proprietary medicines --- p.225
Chapter 14.4.1 --- "“Tse Koo Choy""" --- p.225-226
Chapter 14.4.2 --- "“Lu Shen Wan""" --- p.226
Chapter 14.4.3 --- "“Po Ying Pills""" --- p.226-227
Chapter 14.4.4 --- """Jin Bu Huan Toxicity"" in Children" --- p.227
Chapter 14.6 --- Topical Preparations --- p.227-228
Chapter 14.7 --- Dietary supplement --- p.228-229
Chapter 14.8 --- Conclusion --- p.229
Chapter Chapter 15 --- Heavy metals poisoning in traditional Chinese medicines. --- p.230-251
Chapter 15.1 --- Introduction --- p.230-232
Chapter 15.2 --- LEAD --- p.232
Chapter 15.2.1 --- Overview --- p.232
Chapter 15.2.2 --- Poisoning Cases of Boa Ning Dan --- p.233-235
Chapter 15.2.3 --- Lead Poisoning in Worldwide --- p.235-238
Chapter 15.3 --- MERCURY --- p.238
Chapter 15.3.1 --- Overview --- p.238-239
Chapter 15.3.2 --- Cinnabar --- p.239-240
Chapter 15.3.3 --- Presentation --- p.240-241
Chapter 15.3.4 --- Poisoning Cases --- p.241-242
Chapter 15.4 --- ARSENIC --- p.242
Chapter 15.4.1 --- Overview --- p.242-243
Chapter 15.4.2 --- Arsenic toxicity --- p.243-244
Chapter 15.4.3 --- The toxicologic mechanisms of inorganic arsenic --- p.244-246
Chapter 15.4.4 --- Poisoning Cases --- p.246
Chapter 15.4.5 --- Discussion --- p.247-248
Chapter 15.5 --- Conclusion --- p.248
Table --- p.249-251
Chapter Chapter 16 --- Herb - Drug Interactions --- p.252-269
Chapter 16.1 --- Overview --- p.252-254
Chapter 16.2 --- Effects of Herb-drug interactions --- p.255
Chapter 16.2.1 --- Gastrointestinal system --- p.255-256
Chapter 16.2.2 --- Cardiovascular system --- p.256
Chapter 16.2.3 --- Central nervous system --- p.257
Chapter 16.2.4 --- Endocrine system --- p.257
Chapter 16.3 --- Reason regard to herb-drug interactions --- p.257
Chapter 16.3.1 --- Lack of Knowledge About Herbs --- p.257
Chapter 16.3.2 --- Mislabelling or Adulteration --- p.258
Chapter 16.3.3 --- Lack of Patient Communication About Use of Botanicals --- p.258
Chapter 16.3.4 --- Lack of Practitioner Knowledge About Potential Interactions --- p.258
Chapter 16.4 --- Metabolism of Herb-Drug Interaction --- p.258-259
Chapter 16.5 --- Pharmacologic Interactions --- p.259-260
Chapter 16.5.1 --- Interaction with Antibiotics --- p.260
Chapter 16.5.2 --- Interaction with Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs --- p.260-261
Chapter 16.5.3 --- Interaction with Sedatives --- p.261-262
Chapter 16.5.4 --- Interaction with Anticoagulants --- p.262-263
Chapter 16.5.5 --- Interaction with Anti-hypertensives and Diuretics --- p.263
Chapter 16.5.6 --- Interaction with Spironolactone --- p.264
Chapter 16.5.7 --- Interaction with Corticosteroids and Cyclosporine --- p.264-265
Chapter 16.5.8 --- Interaction with Estrogen Replacement Therapy --- p.265
Chapter 16.5.9 --- Interactions Between Natural Product and Drug --- p.265-266
Chapter 16.6 --- Herb-to-Herb Interactions --- p.266-267
Chapter 16.7 --- Conclusion --- p.268-269
Chapter Chapter 17 --- Recommendation --- p.270-264
Chapter 17.1 --- Overview --- p.270
Chapter 17.2 --- The need to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine --- p.270-271
Chapter 17.3 --- For the Pharmaceutical Industries --- p.211-212
Chapter 17.4 --- For the physicians & patient --- p.272-274
Conclusion --- p.274
Chapter Chapter 18 --- Conclusion --- p.275-280
Chapter Chapter 19 --- Reference --- p.281-306
Owo, Owo Ikwa. "Alcohol and other drugs: prevalence, demographic characteristics and perceived effects on the academic performance of high school students within the Mogalakwena Municipality of Limpopo Province". Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12479.
Texto completo da fonteChan, Yu-Min, e 陳昱旻. "The gastrointestinal adverse effects and prescribing patterns of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs". Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65266492031450233638.
Texto completo da fonte國立成功大學
臨床藥學研究所
84
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been found to be associated with an elevated risk of peptic ulcer and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A retrospective cohort study was performed to estimate the incidence and cumulative incidence of serious ulcer disease among long-term users of NSAIDs, using a computerized prescriprion data base of National Cheng-Kung University Hospital. Twenty-eight thousand seven hundred and seventy four NSAID recipients, who had NSAID prescription record, were included. Three hundred and ten patients became the study cases after medical record review and two hundred and forty-two were interviewed via telephone. Incidence of serious ulcer disease was between 11.7 per 1,000 person-year (95% confidence interval 1.4-22.0) and 15.6 per 1,000 person-year (95% confidence interval 1.9-29.3). Cumulative incidence of serious ulcer disease was between 1.61% (95% confidence interval 0.53-3.72) and 2.07% (95% confidence interval 0.67-4.76). The second objective in this study was to describe the prescribing patterns of NSAIDs users. Osteoarthritis was the most commonly listed indication. Among these NSAIDs, diclofenac SR was prescribed most often in terms of defined daily dose. The department of Orthopaedics prescribed the most of NSAIDs. Within the limits of statistical error, the results of this study was similar to that presented in previous reports. These drugs should be used with caution, and alternatives to NSAIDs should be strongly considered.
Shih, Kai-Lun, e 施凱倫. "The influenced factors of the adverse effects from therapeutic drugs of chronic hepatitis C". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sabq4v.
Texto completo da fonte長榮大學
醫學研究所
98
Background: The treatment effect of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is often limited due to the adverse effects of interferon and ribavirin. Hemolytic anemia and hematological adverse effect may influence the treatment program. Previous studies documented Genotype I, hypertension, low baseline hemoglobin, and raised creatinine were factors associated with the development of hematological abnormalities. Aims: The study evaluate if some host factors, included oxidative stress and leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number before treatment are associated with severe hematological adverse effect in HCV patients treated with peginterferon plus ribavirin. Methods: 132 patients who age between 40 to 60 years old were treated with peginterferon plus ribavirin for 6 months. We checked hemogram parameters at baseline, first week, second week, and then per month until treatment ended. We defined severe drop in hemoglobin levels as hemoglobin compared with baseline dropped more than 4 g/dL any time during treatment period without other bleeding event. The host factors included leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number and delta Ct were evaluated the possible association with severe drop in hemoglobin levels ( drop > 4g/dL) and WBC, ANC,Platelet drop ratio. Results: 72 patients had drop > 4 g/dL in hemoglobin levels, and 60 patients did not. Compared the host factors of two groups, high creatinine levels (0.94 ± 0.18 vs. 0.87 ± 0.19 mg/dL, P= 0.047) were associated with severe drop in hemoglobin levels. In genotype 1 HCV infected patients, high CKD stage(=>2) also were associated with severe drop in hemoglobin levels(P= 0.02). Besides, high CKD stage(=>2) and genotype 1 HCV infection, also associated with the severity of WBC count decline. (48.9± 14.5 v.s. 54.5± 12.6 %, P = 0.019 and 54.4±13.5 v.s. 48.0±13.0 %, P = 0.009) Conclusions: Renal function is a significant host factor of severe drop in hemoglobin and WBC count levels in patients with HCV treated with peginterferon plus ribavirin. Genotype 1 HCV infection also is a factor of severe WBC decline.
"Effects of anti-osteoporosis drugs on human mast cells". 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894450.
Texto completo da fonte"September 2010."
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-189).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract (English) --- p.i
Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii
Acknowledgement --- p.v
Publications --- p.vi
Abbreviations --- p.vii
Table of Content --- p.x
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Human mast cells and its activation --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Role of mast cells in inflammation --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Mast cell heterogeneity --- p.5
Chapter 1.4 --- Interaction of bone and immune system --- p.1
Chapter 1.5 --- Introduction of bone system --- p.8
Chapter 1.6 --- Bone remodeling --- p.9
Chapter 1.7 --- Regulation of bone remodeling --- p.10
Chapter 1.8 --- Introduction of Osteoporosis --- p.12
Chapter 1.9 --- Pathophysiology of osteoporosis --- p.13
Chapter 1.10 --- Pharmacological interventions in osteoporosis --- p.14
Chapter 1.11 --- Involvement of mast cells in bone metabolism --- p.18
Chapter 1.12 --- Aim of study --- p.20
Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.27
Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.27
Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Human mast cells culture --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Human mast cells characterization --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Histamine release assay --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Immunofluorescence staining of estrogen receptors --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.6 --- TNF measurement --- p.38
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Calcium mobilization studies of mast cells --- p.38
Chapter 2.2.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.39
Chapter 3 --- Effects of estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on mediators release from human mast cells --- p.41
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.41
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.50
Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.51
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Characterization of human mast cells --- p.51
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Effect of estrogen on mediator release from human mast cells --- p.52
Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Basal histamine release after treatment of estrogen --- p.52
Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Histamine release induced by immunological stimulus --- p.52
Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Histamine release induced by chemical secretagogues --- p.54
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on mast cell activity --- p.54
Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Basal histamine release after SERMs treatment --- p.54
Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Histamine release induced by immunological stimulus --- p.55
Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Histamine release induced by chemical secretagogues --- p.57
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Effect of estradiol on TNF-α release from human mast cells --- p.57
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Effect of SERMs on TNE-α release from human mast cells --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.6 --- Expression of estrogen receptors on human mast cells --- p.59
Chapter 3.3.6.1 --- Expression of estrogen receptor after treatment of estradiol --- p.59
Chapter 3.3.7 --- Expression of various bone remodeling molecules on human mast cells --- p.60
Chapter 3.3.7.1 --- Expression of bone remodeling molecule after treatment of estradiol --- p.61
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.63
Chapter 4 --- Effects of anti-osteoporosis Chinese herbal medicines on activity of human mast cells --- p.98
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.98
Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.103
Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.104
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Effect of the anti-osteoporosis Chinese herbal formulation ELP on histamine release from human mast cells --- p.104
Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Histamine release induced by immunological stimulus --- p.104
Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Histamine release induced by chemical secretagogues --- p.105
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effect of Herba Epimedii (HEP) on histamine release from human mast cells --- p.105
Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Histamine release induced by immunological stimulus --- p.106
Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Histamine release induced by chemical secretagogues --- p.106
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effect of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) on histamine release from human mast cells --- p.107
Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Histamine release induced by immunological stimulus --- p.107
Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Histamine release induced by chemical secretagogues --- p.107
Chapter 4.3.4 --- Effect of Fructus Psoraleae (FP) on histamine release from human mast cells --- p.108
Chapter 4.3.4.1 --- Histamine release induced by immunological stimulus --- p.108
Chapter 4.3.4.2 --- Histamine release induced by chemical secretagogues --- p.109
Chapter 4.3.5 --- Effect of various partitions from solvent extraction of HEP on histamine release from human mast cells --- p.109
Chapter 4.3.5.1 --- Histamine release induced by immunological stimulus --- p.110
Chapter 4.3.5.2 --- Histamine release induced by chemical secretagogue --- p.111
Chapter 4.3.6 --- Effect of various partitions from solvent extraction of FLL on histamine release from human mast cells --- p.112
Chapter 4.3.6.1 --- Histamine release induced by immunological stimulus --- p.113
Chapter 4.3.6.2 --- Histamine release induced by chemical secretagogue --- p.114
Chapter 4.3.7 --- Effect of ELP and its herbal constituents on the production of cytokine from human mast cells --- p.115
Chapter 4.3.8 --- Modulation in calcium mobilization in activated human mast cell by ELP and its herbal constituents --- p.117
Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.119
Chapter 5 --- General discussion --- p.163
Reference --- p.171
Govender, Theshni. "Adverse gastrointestinal effects of over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a cost study in two Gauteng Public Hospital". Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24737.
Texto completo da fonteNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used analgesics worldwide. NSAIDs are increasingly available as an expanding range of over the counter (OTC) and prescription formulations. Straube et al, in a systematic review, report the mortality rate of individuals with UGIT bleeding/perforation using chronic oral NSAIDs is 1 in 5 due to gastrointestinal complications. The economic implications to a challenged, South African public healthcare system of treating serious, potentially preventable upper gastrointestinal complications attributed to the consumption of OTC NSAIDs does not appear to have been quantified. A prospective observational study was conducted at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital over six months. Patients admitted to the surgical service with signs and symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding were asked to complete a questionnaire-based survey. The cost to treat each patient was calculated. Over the study period, 321 patients were admitted with upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT) bleeding. The cost to treat patients included in the study sample (n=253) was R 10 463 668. Patients using NSAIDs (n=215) consumed 88% (R 9 194 698) of the expenditure, seven times more than the cost of treating patients who did not use NSAIDs (n=38; p = 0.043). Of the patients who used NSAIDS, 183 had purchased over the counter NSAIDs and consume 73% of the total expenditure. The average cost to treat a patient with UGIT complications secondary to OTC vs. Prescription NSAIDs was not statistically significant. Due the higher number of viii patients who used OTC NSAIDs the cost incurred to treat these patients was five fold more than to treat the patients taking prescription only NSAIDs. We recommend strict enforcement of existing regulations governing the sale and marketing of OTC NSAIDs and intensive consumer education of their adverse effects, which may decrease the substantial financial cost to the public health system and morbidity to the South African population at risk.
LG2018
Klapková, Tereza. "Současné poznatky o vlivu léčiv na mužskou fertilitu". Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411929.
Texto completo da fonteCunha, Margarida Maria Costa Guimarães. "Relatório de Estágio e Monografia intitulada "Prevenção da Transmissão Vertical do HIV"". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83801.
Texto completo da fonteO Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) surgiu no final dos anos 70, tornando-se uma das doenças infeciosas mais devastadoras do século XX. Com o surgimento dos primeiros fármacos e com o início da era da Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) foi possível começar a inverter a tendência do número de novas infeções e atrasar a progressão da infeção, tornando, nos dias de hoje, o Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA) uma doença crónica. No entanto, a infeção por HIV continua a ser um problema de saúde pública, uma vez que se estima que 36,7 milhões de indivíduos se encontram infetados por todo o mundo, sendo que 1,8 milhões correspondem a infeções em crianças. A transmissão vertical é uma das formas possíveis de transmissão do vírus, podendo variar de cerca de 15 a 45%, na ausência de qualquer medida preventiva. Esta percentagem pode ser reduzida para valores abaixo de 5% se houver intervenções adequadas em fases em que essa transmissão possa ocorrer (gravidez, parto e aleitamento). A prevenção da transmissão vertical pode, assim, ser alcançada se houver um acompanhamento da grávida por profissionais de saúde qualificados, acesso a terapia antirretroviral durante a gestação, parto e pós-parto, recurso a parto por cesariana e cuidados adequados de alimentação dos recém-nascidos. Em países abundantes em recursos económicos o risco de transmissão vertical consegue, em alguns países, estar abaixo de 1%. O uso de fármacos antirretrovirais constitui a maior arma na prevenção, ainda que o conhecimento sobre a segurança do uso desses fármacos na gravidez seja limitado.Em países em desenvolvimento e subdesenvolvidos, nomeadamente na África Subsariana, a infeção por HIV através da transmissão vertical atinge valores inaceitáveis, havendo uma necessidade urgente de instituir e melhorar sistemas de saúde que promovam um maior acesso a cuidados de saúde especializados e direcionados para a erradicação do vírus.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has emerged in the late seventies, becoming one of the most devastating infectious diseases of the 20th century. With the advent of the first medicines and with the dawn of the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) era, it was possible to start to reverse the trend of new infections and to delay the infection development. As a result, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become a chronic disease. However, HIV infection stills a Public Health issue. It is estimated that 36.7 million of people are infected all over the world, of which 1.8 million are children.Mother-to-child transmission is one of the possible virus transmission pathways, varying between 15 to 45% without any preventive measures. These values can be reduced to values below 5% if the appropriate interventions are performed during the transmission phases (pregnancy, delivery and breast-feeding). The prevention of mother-to-child can thus be achieved with monitoring of the pregnant woman by qualified health professionals, access to antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum, use of cesarean section and adequate nourishment of newborns.In countries with high economic resources, the MTCT risk can be, in some cases, lower than 1%. The use of antiretroviral medicines represent the most powerful weapon on PMTCT, even though there is limited knowledge regarding its safety in pregnancy.On the other hand, in middle and low economic resources countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, MTCT HIV infection reaches intolerable values, leading to an urgent necessity to improve access to health systems that promote more specialized health care and that are focused on HIV eradication.
Matos, Joana dos Santos. "Perceção de Efeitos Adversos por Doentes Hipertensos e sua Relação com Não Adesão Voluntária à Terapêutica". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93033.
Texto completo da fonteIntroduçãoA Hipertensão Arterial é considerada um dos mais importantes fatores de risco da principal causa de mortalidade em Portugal e em todo o mundo: as doenças cérebro-cardiovasculares. Uma das principais variáveis que conduzem a um mau controlo da pressão arterial em doentes hipertensos é a falta de adesão à terapêutica. A adesão à terapêutica é influenciada por múltiplos fatores, que condicionam o seguimento das recomendações médicas relativas à toma da medicação, sendo um deles a presença de efeitos adversos percecionados com a medicação. Existem múltiplos métodos capazes de avaliar a adesão à terapêutica, sendo os questionários os mais utilizados na prática clínica.Objetivo O objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar de que forma a perceção de efeitos secundários associados à terapêutica anti-hipertensora é avaliada nos questionários de adesão à terapêutica anti-hipertensora já validados na população portuguesa.Material e MétodosFoi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica na PubMed para a recolha dos questionários de adesão à terapêutica, através de uma equação de pesquisa que incluiu os seguintes termos: “medication adherence”, “patient adherence”, “instrument”, “scale”, “questionnaire”, “hypertension”, “antihypertensive agents”, “portuguese”, “Portugal”.A seleção dos artigos atendeu a critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos. Foram incluídos todos os artigos que utilizassem um questionário de adesão à terapêutica anti-hipertensora, desde que esse questionário estivesse validado em português. Posteriormente, os questionários identificados foram comparados com base nos itens presentes em cada um, agrupando-os de acordo com as temáticas abordadas. Foram analisados e comparados os itens que avaliavam a presença ou perceção de efeitos adversos.ResultadosForam obtidos 66 artigos através da equação de pesquisa selecionada. Outros 2 artigos foram adicionados pela sua identificação em referências bibliográficas. Num total de 68 artigos obtidos, foram excluídos 64, uma vez que apenas 4 cumpriram os critérios de inclusão. No total dos 4 questionários, foram analisados 41 itens, onde apenas 6 estavam possivelmente relacionados com os efeitos adversos da medicação. Outros itens avaliavam, por exemplo, razões económicas (em 3 itens), esquecimento (em 11 itens), conhecimentos acerca da doença (em apenas 1 item), crenças na medicação (em 6 itens) e adesão às medidas não farmacológicas (em 6 itens).ConclusãoExistem poucos questionários validados na população portuguesa capazes de avaliar ou predizer a adesão à medicação em indivíduos hipertensos. A análise revelou que os 4 questionários continham itens capazes de avaliar a perceção de efeitos adversos, contudo alguns deles não eram diretos, podendo originar múltiplas interpretações. Não existem grandes diferenças entre os questionários de adesão validados em português e aqueles que se encontram validados noutros países. São necessários estudos observacionais que avaliem, na prática, a relação entre a perceção de efeitos adversos e a adesão, para uma melhor confirmação do impacto negativo de efeitos adversos percecionados na decisão de toma da medicação.
IntroductionArterial hypertension is considered one of the most important risk factors of the primary cause of mortality in Portugal and worldwide: brain-cardiovascular diseases. One of the main variables that lead to a bad control of blood pressure in hypertensive patients is the lack of adherence. Adherence to medication is influenced by multiples factors that conditionate the following of medical recommendations about taking medicines, and the presence of perceived adverse effects with medication is one of them. There are multiple measures available to assess adherence, although questionnaires are preferred in clinical practice.ObjectiveThe principal objective of this work is to analyse in which way the perception of adverse effects associated to antihypertensive medication is evaluated in adherence questionnaires validated in portuguese population.Material and MethodsIt was made a bibliographic research in PubMed to collect adherence questionnaires, through a research equation which included the following terms: “medication adherence”, “patient adherence”, “instrument”, “scale”, “questionnaire”, “hypertension”, “antihypertensive agents”, “portuguese”, “Portugal”.The selection of the articles attended to a previously established inclusion criteria. All the articles that utilized at least one adherence questionnaire to antihypertensive medication, since it was validated in portuguese-portuguese were included. Then, questionnaires were compared based on their items, grouping them according to the topics covered. All the items that evaluated the presence or the perception of adverse effects were analysed and compared.Results66 articles were obtained using the selected research equation. Two other articles were added through their identification in the bibliographic references. In a total of 68 articles, 64 were excluded and only 4 fulfilled all the inclusion criteria.In the total of 4 questionnaires, 41 items were analysed and only 6 were possibly related to adverse effects of medication. Other items evaluated, for example, economic reasons (in 3 items), forgetfulness (in 11 items), knowledge about the disease (in only 1 item), beliefs about medication (in 6 items) and adherence to non-pharmacological interventions (in 6 items).ConclusionsThere are few questionnaires validated in Portuguese population with hypertension that are able to evaluate or predict medication adherence. The analysis revealed that all the 4 questionnaires had items that were capable of evaluate the adverse effects perception. However, some of those items aren’t totally direct to adverse effects and are able to originate multiple interpretations. There isn’t much difference between Portuguese adherence questionnaires and questionnaires validated in other countries. Future observational studies are necessary to evaluate the relationship between adverse effects perception and adherence, to estimate the negative impact of perceived adverse effects with the decision of taking antihypertensive drugs.