Teses / dissertações: "Psychology Recognition"

1

Strowger, Megan E. "Interoceptive sounds and emotion recognition". Thesis, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10294821.

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Background: Perception of changes in physiological arousal is theorized to form the basis for which the brain labels emotional states. Interoception is a process by which individuals become aware of physiological sensations. Lowered emotional awareness has been found to be associated with lower interoceptive awareness. Alexithymia is a personality trait associated with lowered emotion recognition ability which affects 10-20% of the university student population in Western countries. Research suggests that being made aware of one’s heartbeat may enhance emotional awareness. Objective(s): The present study attempted to enhance emotion recognition abilities directly via an experimental interoceptive manipulation in order to decrease levels of alexithymia. It had three aims: 1) To examine whether exposing individuals to the interoceptive sound of their own heart beat could illicit changes in their emotion recognition abilities,2) To examine whether higher emotion recognition abilities as a result of listening to one’s own heartbeat differed by alexithymia group, and 3) if higher interoceptive awareness was associated with higher RME scores during the own heartbeat sound condition. Methods: 36 participants were recruited from an introductory psychology class at the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. Participants completed lab-based tests of emotion recognition followed by questionnaires assessing alexithymia and interoceptive abilities. During the lab-based test of emotion recognition, participants were subjected to an interoceptive manipulation by listening to three sounds (in random order): own heartbeat, another person’s heartbeat, and footsteps. To test aim 1, a repeated-measures ANOVA examined differences in emotion recognition scores during the various sound conditions (i.e., no sound, own heartbeat, other heartbeat, footsteps). For evaluating aim 2, a two way 3 x 4 RM ANOVA tested for differences in RME scores by sound condition when individuals were alexithymic, possibly alexithymic and not alexithymic. Aim 3 was examined using correlations between the attention to body and emotion awareness subscale scores separately with RME score for own heartbeat. Results: Contrary to predictions, RME performance did not vary according to body sound condition, F (3, 105) =.53, p = .67, η² = .02. A significant interaction was seen between alexithymia category and RME scores during the interoceptive sound conditions, F (6, 99) = 2.27, p = .04, η ² = .12. However, post-hoc analyses did not reveal significant differences between specific alexithymia categories and RME scores. A significant positive relationship was seen between RME during own heartbeat and being able to pay attention to the body (r (36) = .34, p = .05, R² = .11). Discussion: Our results suggest that more attention was directed toward facial emotions when subjects listened to their own heartbeat but this increase did not result in measurable changes in RME performance. Limitations: Although using a within-subjects design potentially increased statistical power, a between-subjects design with random assignment could have eliminated the effects of repeated measurement and condition order. Implications: The most novel of these findings was that individuals paid more attention to the emotional stimuli when hearing their own heartbeat. More research is needed to understand if the interoceptive sound manipulation may aide in improving other cognitive functions or earlier steps in the emotion process. Future research using other measures of interoception and attention are necessary to confirm the result.

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2

Stoehr, Michele. "Loneliness and Emotion Recognition| A Dynamical Description". Thesis, Florida Atlantic University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10610509.

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Loneliness – the feeling that manifests when one perceives one’s social needs are not being met by the quantity or especially the quality of one’s social relationships – is a common but typically short-lived and fairly harmless experience. However, recent research continues to uncover a variety of alarming health effects associated with longterm loneliness. The present study examines the psychological mechanisms underlying how persons scoring high in trait loneliness perceive their social environments. Evaluations of transient facial expression morphs are analyzed in R using dynamical systems methods. We hypothesize that, consistent with Cacioppo and Hawkley’s socio-cognitive model, subjects scoring high in loneliness will exhibit hypervigilance in their evaluations of cold and neutral emotions and hypovigilance in their evaluations of warm emotions. Results partially support the socio-cognitive model but point to a relationship between loneliness and a global dampening in evaluations of emotions.

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3

Bingham, Charles W. "Theorizing recognition in education /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7802.

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4

Turnbull, Oliver Hugh. "Spatial transformations and object recognition". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364274.

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5

Valentine, T. R. "Encoding processes in face recognition". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373343.

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6

Memon, A. "Context effects in face recognition". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355418.

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7

KHALIFA, INTISSAR. "Deep psychology recognition based on automatic analysis of non-verbal behaviors". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/314920.

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Un aspetto estremamente cruciale nel dominio dell’interazione uomo-uomo è la comunicazione delle emozioni. Essere in grado di dedurre gli stati emotivi attraverso comportamenti non-verbali consente agli esseri umani di comprendere e ragionare su obiettivi ed intenti altrui. L’Affective Computing è una branca dell’informatica che mira a trarre vantaggio dal potere delle emozioni per facilitare un’interazione uomo-macchina più efficiente. L’obiettivo è dare alle macchine la capacità di esprimere, riconoscere e regolare le emozioni. In questa tesi, esamineremo in dettaglio il ruolo delle espressioni visive ed uditive nel comunicare emozioni, e svilupperemo modelli computazionali per il riconoscimento automatico delle emozioni: un’area di ricerca molto attiva nell’ultimo decennio. In generale, la comunicazione delle emozioni attraverso i segnali del corpo è compresa in misura minore rispetto a altre modalità. La psicologia sociale che ha ispirato molti approcci computazionali si è tradizionalmente concentrata sui segnali facciali. Tuttavia, la gestualità del corpo è una fonte significativa di informazioni, soprattutto quando altri canali sono nascosti o in presenza di sottili sfumature di espressioni. In questo contesto, proporremo diversi approcci per il riconoscimento di gesti con applicazione alle emozioni, utilizzando due modelli. Per il modello basato su parti, svilupperemo un approccio ibrido che incorpora due tecniche di stima del movimento e di normalizzazione temporale per la modellazione del movimento della mano. Passeremo poi a presentare il nostro approccio spazio-temporale profondo (deep) per modellare il movimento del corpo, ed infine ottenere lo stato emotivo della persona. In questa parte, dimostreremo che la nostra tecnica basata sul deep learning supera le tradizionali tecniche di machine learning. Per il modello basato sulla cinematica, combineremo la stima della posa del soggetto (con applicazione al rilevamento dello scheletro) e la classificazione delle emozioni per proporre una nuova architettura profonda a più stadi in grado di affrontare entrambi i compiti sfruttando i punti di forza dei modelli pre-addestrati. Dimostreremo che le tecniche di transfer learning superano le tradizionali tecniche di apprendimento automatico. Come ulteriore modalità, il parlato è la forma più comune e veloce per comunicare tra esseri umani. Questa realtà ci ha spinti a riconoscere le condizioni emotive del soggetto parlante in maniera automatica tramite la sua voce. Proporremo una rappresentazione profonda di tipo temporale e basata sul cepstrum, che sfrutta la concatenazione di feature spettrali, feature di basate su derivate temporali, ed un classificatore basato sul deep learning per il riconoscimento delle emozioni del parlato. I risultati ottenuti per entrambe le modalità utilizzando i nostri metodi sono molto promettenti e competitivi rispetto ai metodi esistenti nello stato dell’arte. Riteniamo che il nostro lavoro sia pertinente sia per il social computing che per la psicologia organizzativa. Prendendo come esempio i colloqui di lavoro, un ambito ben studiato dagli psicologi sociali, il nostro studio può fornire informazioni utili su come sfruttare i segnali non verbali per supportare le aziende nel processo di assunzione. Questa tesi descrive la fattibilità di usare indizi estratti automaticamente per analizzare gli stati psicologici, come interessante alternativa alle annotazioni manuali dei segnali comportamentali.
One highly crucial aspect in the domain of human-human interaction is the communication of emotions. Being able to deduce emotional states through non-verbal behaviors allows humans to understand and reason about each others’ underlying goals and intents. Affective Computing is the branch of computer science that aims to profit from the power of emotions to facilitate a more efficient human-machine interaction. The goal is to give the machines the ability to express, recognize, and regulate emotions. In this dissertation, we look in detail at the role of visual and auditory expressions for communicating emotions and we develop computational models for automatic emotion recognition which is an active research area over the last decade. In general, communication of emotions through body cues is less understood than other modalities. Social psychology that has inspired many computational approaches has traditionally focused on facial cues. However, body gestures are a significant source of information especially when other channels are hidden or there is a subtle nuance of expressions. In this context, we propose our approaches for emotional body gesture recognition using two different models. For the part-based model, we develop a hybrid approach that incorporates two techniques of motion estimation and temporal normalization for hand motion modeling, then we move to present our deep-spatio temporal approach for body motion modeling to have finally the person’s emotional state. In this part, we demonstrate that our deep learning technique outperforms traditional machine learning techniques. For the kinematic-based model, we combine human pose estimation for skeleton detection and emotion classification to propose a new deep multi-stage architecture able to deal with both tasks by exploiting the strong points of models pre-trained. We demonstrate that transfer learning techniques outperform traditional machine learning techniques. As another modality, speech is the fastest normal way to communicate among humans. This reality motivates us to identify the emotional conditions of the uttering person by utilizing his/her voice automatically. We propose a deep temporal-cepstrum representation based on the concatenation of spectral features, temporal derivatives features, and a deep learning classifier for speech emotion recognition. The results obtained for both modalities using our suggested methods are very promising and competitive over existing methods in the state of the art. We believe that our work is pertinent to both social computing and organizational psychology. Taking the example of job interviews, which is well studied by social psychologists, our study may provide insights for how non-verbal cues could be used by the companies for the hiring decision. In fact, our dissertation shows the feasibility of using automatically extracted cues to analyze the psychological states as an attractive alternative to manual annotations of behavioral cues.

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8

Shriver, Edwin R. "Stereotypicality Moderates Face Recognition: Expectancy Violation Reverses the Cross-Race Effect in Face Recognition". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1310067080.

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9

Gaston, Jeremy R. "The limiting role of backward recognition masking for recognition of speech-like transitions". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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10

Whitt, Emma. "Associative processes in recognition memory". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12289/.

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Recognition memory, or the discrimination between novelty and familiarity, is well predicted by an associative model of memory (Wagner’s SOP). In this thesis I examined predictions from this model concerning priming of stimuli, and stimulus spacing, in rats’ object recognition. Priming of an object resulted in a bias in behaviour towards the non-primed object. This may be due to associative processes, as described by the SOP model. Spacing stimuli in a sample stage of an object recognition task resulted in longer-lasting or better discrimination in a test of familiar versus novel object, as predicted by the model. Incorporating a short or long delay between sample and test led to better discrimination after a short delay, though differences in stimulus spacing conditions at each delay were not significant. I also examined recognition using stimulus generalisation. Generalisation of a conditioned response occurred between stimuli that shared elements of familiarity. Although not significant, familiarity generalisation may have been less apparent in animals with lesions to perirhinal cortex, providing some support for the suggestion that perirhinal cortex has a role in novelty/familiarity discrimination. The main conclusion was that recognition memory, as measured by the object recognition and generalisation tasks, might involve associative processes.

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11

Thompson, Linda Jean Margaret. "Effects of context on face recognition". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271805.

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12

Bock, Jacqueline Mary. "Perceptual grouping in visual word recognition". Thesis, University of York, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254606.

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13

Eden, Allison Lehner. "Affective Image Recognition in Valanced Contexts". W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626522.

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14

Miller, Elijah Carl. "Recognition Memory of Extremely High Frequency Words". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1575639468174335.

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15

Graham, Brittany Shauna. "Mechanisms supporting recognition memory during music listening". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42848.

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We investigated the concurrent effects of arousal and encoding specificity as related to background music on associative memory accuracy. Extant literature suggested these factors affect memory, but their combined effect in musical stimuli was not clear and may affect memory differentially for young and older adults. Specifically, we sought to determine if music can be used as a mnemonic device to overcome the associative memory deficits typically experienced by healthy older adults. We used a paired-associates memory task in which young and older adults listened to either highly or lowly arousing music or to silence while simultaneously studying same gender face-name pairs. Participants' memory was then tested for these pairs while listening to either the same or different music selections. We found that young adults' memory performance was not affected by any of the music listening conditions. Music listening, however, was detrimental for older adults. Specifically, their memory performance was worse for all music conditions, particularly if the music was highly arousing. Young adults' pattern of results was not reflected in their subjective ratings of helpfulness; they felt that all music was helpful to their performance yet there was no indication of this in the results. Older adults were more aware of the detriment of music on their performance, rating some highly arousing music as less helpful than silence. We discuss possible reasons for this pattern and conclude that these results are most consistent with the theory that older adults' failure to inhibit processing of distracting task-irrelevant information, in this case background music, contributes to their elevated memory failures.

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16

Dewhurst, Stephen Anthony. "Determinants of recollective experience in recognition memory". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358184.

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17

Kareem, A. M. "Behavioural aspects of kin recognition in mice". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306658.

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18

Chiroro, Patrick. "Individual differences in recognition memory for faces". Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1217/.

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Contemporary research on human memory has tended to disregard individual differences (Eysenck, 1977, 1983; Sternberg & French, 1990). However, there seems to be no empirical justification for this practice, especially in experimental situations where the stimuli that are used are 'socially relevant'. Human faces constitute one such category. Although there is strong evidence which suggests that people differ substantially in their ability to recognise faces in laboratory experiments (Baddeley & Woodhead, 1983) and in everyday situations (Schweich, van der Linden, Bredart, Bruyer, Neils & Schills, 1991), the sources of these differences are not clearly understood at present. In this thesis, individual differences in recognition memory for faces were examined using standard laboratory experimental techniques. Part I of this thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One provides a general introduction to face recognition research. In Chapter Two, past research on individual differences in face recognition is described and evaluated. In Chapter Three. the theoretical implications of research on the effects of orientation, race of face and face distinctiveness are discussed. Experimental and statistical techniques that are used in the present thesis are summarised in Chapter Four. In Part II, three experiments which investigated the effect of individual differences in spatial ability on recognition of pictures, faces and words are reported. Among other things, these experiments showed that while individual differences in spatial ability did not significantly affect subjects' recognition of high-imagery words, high spatial ability subjects recognised faces and pictures more accurately and more quickly than did low spatial ability subjects. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed. Part III consists of an experiment in which differences in recognition of male and female faces by adolescent male and female subjects aged 11 years, 12 years and 13 years were investigated across two delay conditions. This experiment provided partial support for a developmental dip in recognition of faces among 12-year olds and also showed an own-sex bias in face recognition among female subjects. Theoretical accounts for these effects are proposed. In Part IV, a cross-cultural study in which black-African and white-British subjects who had different degrees of previous contact with faces of the opposite race were tested for their recognition of distinctive and typical own-race and other-race faces is reported. This experiment provided evidence which supported the differential-experience hypothesis of the own-race bias in face recognition among the African subjects and also suggested that the effect of face distinctiveness in recognition of faces might be a product of learning the defining characteristics of a given population of faces. In Part V, three experiments which explored differences between good and poor face recognisers are reported and discussed. These experiments raised some important methodological issues regarding the generalisability of the notion of 'face recognition ability' in situations where the faces to be recognised are shown in different views, in different facial expressions and in different orientations between study and test. These experiments also showed that subjects who were good in their recognition of faces following a change in view were significantly more accurate in their recognition of upsidedown faces than were subjects who had initially shown poor recognition of faces in different views. However. there were no significant differences between these two groups of subjects in their ability to recognise faces that were shown in different facial expressions between study and test. It is argued that these results suggest that recognition of faces following a change in facial expression may involve the creation and use of expression-independent representations of the face while recognition of faces following a change in view or orientation may both involve the creation and use of view-independent representations of faces. General conclusions and suggestions for future experimental work are outlined in Part

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19

Loucas, Thomas. "On the development of spoken word recognition". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248424.

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20

Hodgson, James Marion. "Context effects in lexical access and lexical recognition". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16494.

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21

Zetzer, Emily E. "Examining Whether Instrument Changes Affect Song Recognition the Way Talker Changes Affect Word Recognition". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1463321447.

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22

Oberst, Leah. "Facial and Body Emotion Recognition in Infancy". UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/48.

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Adults are experts at assessing emotions, an ability essential for appropriate social interaction. The present study, investigated this ability’s development, examining infants’ matching of facial and body emotional information. In Experiment 1, 18 6.5-month-olds were familiarized to angry or happy bodies or faces. Those familiarized to bodies were tested with familiar and novel emotional faces. Those habituated to faces were tested with bodies. The 6.5-month-old infants exhibited a preference for the familiar emotion, matching between faces and bodies. In Experiment 2, 18 6.5-month-olds were tested with faces and bodies displaying anger and sadness. Infants familiarized to faces showed a familiarity preference; Infants familiarized to bodies failed to discriminate. Thus, infants generalized from faces to bodies, but failed in the reverse. A follow-up study increased the duration of familiarization: 12 additional 6.5-month-olds were exposed to two-30s familiarizations with bodies, and tested with faces. Additional exposure induced matching of emotions. In Experiment 3, 18 3.5-month-olds were tested using Experiment 1’s stimuli and methodology. The 3.5-month-old infants did not discriminate during test trials. These results suggest 6.5-month-old infants are capable of matching angry, sad and happy faces and bodies. However, 3.5-month-olds are not, suggesting a developmental change between 3.5- and 6.5-months.

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Basehore, Zachariah D. "Is Simpler Better? Testing the Recognition Heuristic". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1435053668.

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Bessette-Symons, Brandy. "Recognition accuracy and response bias for emotional words and pictures". Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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25

Bonivento, Carolina. "Action execution and recognition : a neuropsychological analysis". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3509/.

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Humans appear to show an innate tendency to imitate, and this may provide one of the foundations of social communication. Several studies have been carried out in social and cognitive science in order to understand how imitation works, which parts of the brain are involved, and what the role of imitation might be in social behaviour. Previous brain imaging and neuropsychological studies report data that favour a dual process account of imitation, according to which actions are imitated through different mechanisms on the basis of whether they are meaningful and familiar (MF actions) or meaningless/unfamiliar (ML actions). However many questions remain to be clarified – such as which brain areas mediate these different actions. In addition to the distinction between MF and ML gestures, there is considerable interest in the production of different types of known gestures – particularly between actions involving tools (i.e. transitive actions) and those subserving communicative (intransitive) gestures, and in how the production of these gestures relates to the processes involved in recognizing the gestures as input. This thesis reports a neuropsychological examination of the functional and neural bases of imitation using converging data from behavioural studies with different patient groups (stroke patients, patients with Parkinson’s Disease, PD) and structural brain imaging (particularly using voxel-based morphometric [VBM] analyses) to examine lesion-symptom relations. The first empirical chapter (Chapter 2) describes a neuropsychological study on the recognition and production of MF actions and the imitation of ML gestures, in patients with unilateral left or rightside brain damage (respectively: LBD and RBD patients). At a group level, LBD patient were worse in imitation than RBD patients only when novel transitive actions had to be reproduced, when both LBD and RBD differed from healthy participants, while intransitive gestures were generally easier to be executed. Also both transitive and intransitive action imitation tasks were correlated to action recognition. At a single subject level, however, there was evidence for some dissociated symptoms, suggesting that at least partially different mechanisms mediate the imitation of transitive and intransitive gestures and gesture production as opposed to recognition. Chapter 3 presents a first attempt to use VBM to evaluate the relations between brain lesions and the symptoms of apraxia, contrasting the imitation of meaningful (familiar) and meaningless (unfamiliar) transitive and intransitive actions in a consecutive series of brain damaged patients. Chapters 4 and 5 describe two investigations where VBM was again used in a large-scale lesionsymptom analysis of deficits in i) the recognition and generation to command of MF actions and the imitation of ML actions, and ii) the generation to command of different types of learned action (transitive or intransitive gestures). All three investigations using VBM revealed common and differential neural substrates involved in the execution of the tasks considered, and the data are compatible with a model which posits that different processes are involved in MF and ML action execution, as well as in action understanding. The results also suggest that the distinction between transitive and intransitive actions may be included in an action reproduction system. In the final empirical chapter (Chapter 6), I report a study on PD patients tested for imitation of transitive and intransitive MF and ML actions, also relating their performance to the neurological/peripheral symptoms of the disease. This study revealed that PD patients were impaired in imitation, and they also had different pattern of deficit for transitive and intransitive actions. The correlation with peripheral symptoms was not significant, though there were correlations with underlying cognitive processes likely to support action production. Chapter 7 summarizes the different results and links them back to functional and neural accounts of action recognition, production and imitation. The relations between action production and recognition and other cognitive processes are discussed, as are methodological issues concerning lesion-symptom mapping.

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Ainsworth, Kirsty. "Facial expression recognition and the autism spectrum". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8287/.

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An atypical recognition of facial expressions of emotion is thought to be part of the characteristics associated with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis (DSM-5, 2013). However, despite over three decades of experimental research into facial expression recognition (FER) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), conflicting results are still reported (Harms, Martin, and Wallace, 2010). The thesis presented here aims to explore FER in ASD using novel techniques, as well as assessing the contribution of a co-occurring emotion-blindness condition (alexithymia) and autism-like personality traits. Chapter 1 provides a review of the current literature surrounding emotion perception in ASD, focussing specifically on evidence for, and against, atypical recognition of facial expressions of emotion in ASD. The experimental chapters presented in this thesis (Chapters 2, 3 and 4) explore FER in adults with ASD, children with ASD and in the wider, typical population. In Chapter 2, a novel psychophysics method is presented along with its use in assessing FER in individuals with ASD. Chapter 2 also presents a research experiment in adults with ASD, indicating that FER is similar compared to typically developed (TD) adults in terms of the facial muscle components (action units; AUs), the intensity levels and the timing components utilised from the stimuli. In addition to this, individual differences within groups are shown, indicating that better FER ability is associated with lower levels of ASD symptoms in adults with ASD (measured using the ADOS; Lord et al. (2000)) and lower levels of autism-like personality traits in TD adults (measured using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient; (S. Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Skinner, Martin, and Clubley, 2001)). Similarly, Chapter 3 indicates that children with ASD are not significantly different from TD children in their perception of facial expressions of emotion as assessed using AU, intensity and timing components. Chapter 4 assesses the contribution of alexithymia and autism-like personality traits (AQ) to FER ability in a sample of individuals from the typical population. This chapter provides evidence against the idea that alexithymia levels predict FER ability over and above AQ levels. The importance of the aforementioned results are discussed in Chapter 5 in the context of previous research in the field, and in relation to established theoretical approaches to FER in ASD. In particular, arguments are made that FER cannot be conceptualised under an ‘all-or-nothing’ framework, which has been implied for a number of years (Harms et al., 2010). Instead it is proposed that FER is a multifaceted skill in individuals with ASD, which varies according to an individual’s skillset. Lastly, limitations of the research presented in this thesis are discussed in addition to suggestions for future research.

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Booth, Michael C. A. "Temporal lobe mechanisms for view-invariant object recognition". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299094.

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28

Newell, Fiona N. "Perceptual recognition of familiar objects in different orientations". Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5789/.

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Recent approaches to object recognition have suggested that representations are view-dependent and not object-centred as was previously asserted by Marr (Marr and Nishihara, 1978). The exact nature of these view-centred representations however does not concord across the different theories. Palmer suggested that a single canonical view represents an object in memory (Palmer et al., 1981) whereas other studies have shown that each object may have more than one view-point representation (Tarr and Pinker 1989).A set of experiments were run to determine the nature of the visual representation of rigid, familiar objects in memory that were presented foveally and in peripheral vision. In the initial set of experiments recognition times were measured to a selection of common, elongated objects rotated in increments of 30˚ degrees in the 3 different axes and their combinations. Significant main effects of orientation were found in all experiments. This effect was attributed to the delay in recognising objects when foreshortened. Objects with strong gravitational uprights yielded the same orientation effects as objects without gravitational uprights. Recognition times to objects rotated around the picture plane were found to be independent of orientation. The results were not dependent on practice with the objects. There was no benefit found for shaded objects over silhouetted objects. The findings were highly consistent across the experiments. Four experiments were also carried out which tested the detectability of objects presented foveally among a set of similar objects. The subjects viewed an object picture (target) surrounded by eight search pictures arranged in a circular array. The task was to locate the picture-match of the target object (which was sometimes absent) as fast as possible. All of the objects had prominent elongated axes and were viewed perpendicular to this axis. When the object was present in the search array, it could appear in one of five orientations: in its original orientation, rotated in the picture plane by 30 or 60 , or rotated by 30 or 60 in depth. Highly consistent results were found across the four experiments. It was found that objects rotated in depth by 60 took longer to find and were less likely to be found in the first saccade than all other orientations. These findings were independent of the type of display (i.e. randomly rotated distractors or aligned distractors) and also of the task (matching to a picture or a name of an object). It was concluded that there was no evidence that an abstract 3-dimensional representation was used in searching for an object. The results from these experiments are compatible with the notion of multiple-view representations of objects in memory. There was no evidence found that objects were stored as single, object-centred representations. It was found that representations are initially based on the familiar views of the objects but with practice on other views, those views which hold the maximum information about the object are stored. Novel views of objects are transformed to match these stored views and different candidates for the transformation process are discussed.

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Elder, Leona. "The development of word recognition in beginning readers". Thesis, University of Dundee, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329845.

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Donaldson, Brianna Conrey. "Efficiency of visual pattern recognition in correlated noise". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3315925.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological & Brain Sciences, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 8, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-07, Section: B, page: 4454. Adviser: Jason M. Gold.

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Allen, Melinda R. "Mirror self-recognition in a gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla)". FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1066.

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Psychologists have studied self-recognition in human infants as an indication of self-knowledge (Amsterdam, 1972) and the development of abstract thought processes. Gallup (1970) modified the mark test used in human infant work to examine if nonhuman primates showed similar evidence of mirror self-recognition. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and orangutans (Pongo pygmnaeus) pass the mirror self-recognition test with limited mirror training or exposure. Other species of primates, such as gorillas and monkeys, have not passed the mirror test, despite extensive mirror exposure and training (Gallup, 1979). This project examined a gorilla (G. gorilla gorilla) named Otto in the traditional mark test. Using the modified mark-test, there were more incidents of touching the marked area while Otto was in front of the mirror than when he was not in front of the mirror. These results indicated that Otto was able to show some evidence of selfawareness.

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Reiss, Jason Edward. "Object substitution masking what is the neural fate of the unreportable target? /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 200 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397916081&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Germine, Laura Thi. "Emotion Recognition and Psychosis-Proneness: Neural and Behavioral Perspectives". Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10185.

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Schizophrenia is associated with deficits in social cognition and emotion processing, but it is not known how these deficits relate to other domains of neurocognition and whether they might contribute to psychosis development. The current dissertation approaches this question by looking at the relationship between psychosis proneness and face emotion recognition ability, a core domain of social-emotional processing. Psychosis proneness was inferred by the presence of psychosis-like characteristics in otherwise healthy individuals, using self-report measures. Face emotion recognition ability was found to be associated with psychosis-proneness across four large web-based samples and one lab sample. These associations were relatively specific, and could not be explained by differences in face processing or IQ. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), psychosis-proneness was linked with reduced neural activity in brain regions that underlie normal face emotion recognition, including regions that are implicated in self-representation. Additional experiments were conducted to explore psychosis-proneness related differences in self-representation, and a relationship was revealed between cognitive-perceptual (positive) dimensions of psychosis-proneness and (1) flexibility in the body representation (as measured by the rubber hand illusion), and (2) self-referential source memory (but not self-referential recognition memory). Neither of these relationships, however, explained the association between psychosis-proneness and face emotion recognition ability. These findings indicate that psychosis vulnerability is related to neural and behavioral differences in face emotion processing, and that these differences are not a secondary characteristic of psychotic illness. Moreover, poorer emotion recognition ability in psychosisprone individuals is not explained by generalized performance, IQ, or face processing deficits. Although some dimensions of psychosis-proneness were related to differences in measures of self-representation, no evidence was found that these abnormalities contribute to psychosisproneness related differences in emotion recognition ability.
Psychology

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Lee, Saebyul. "Independent Recognition of Numerosity Requires Attention". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429880349.

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Jardin, Elliott C. "Recognition Memory Revisited: An Aging and Electrophysiological Investigation". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1548157727480549.

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Lin, Xiaoyan. "Bayesian hierarchical models for the recognition-memory experiments". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6047.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 3, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Gifford, Amanda Kristyne. "Assessing object recognition memory in the domestic pig". Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/a%5Fgifford%5F012105.pdf.

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Bonnar, Elizabeth-Ann. "Attending to visual information for perception and recognition". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4907/.

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A fundamental function of the visual system, and other sensory systems, due to resource limitations, is to optimally select task-relevant information from the barrage of information impinging the retina. In a series of experiments different aspects of attention to visual information for perception and recognition are addressed. Firstly, what information is selected? In Chapter 2, I begin with addressing the generic problem of knowing which information drives the perception of a stimulus. As a case study example, a first experiment using Bubbles (Gosselin and Schyns, 2001) determines the specific information underlying the perception of the stable percepts of an ambiguous image and shows that this information is grounded in different spatial filters processing each image interpretation. A further experiment employs frequency-specific adaptation to induce a perception of the image that is orthogonal to the adapting frequencies, validating this information drives the selective perception of the ambiguous image. Secondly, if we know the subset of information that is selected for the perception of an input, can the processing of information underlying a percept be selectively suppressed, thereby inducing an alternative percept? In the experiments of Chapter 3, I further apply this spatial frequency adaptation method to test the relevance of local image features for the perception of the 2 ambiguous image, and the recognition of gender in hybrid faces. While the results of the experiment on the perception of the ambiguous image suggest an effective method for testing the role of local stimulus information for perception, the results of the experiment on the recognition of gender in faces showed no effect of adaptation region on perception of gender. Thirdly, how does selective information use evolve with learning? And what are the mechanism(s) that enable this learning? In Chapter 4, I investigated the evolution of information use in the discrimination of unfamiliar faces using a perceptual learning paradigm. I used the method of noise masking to examine the facial regions observers used, over time, for successful discrimination, and to determine the mechanisms underlying performance improvements. The results showed that the efficiency of observers to use the information available increased with learning differentially across different regions of the face. Supplementary to examining attention to information in terms of the information content of the stimulus, another series of experiments investigated the effect of attention on the temporal dynamics of processing visual information, and the locus of this effect within the stream of information processing. Using spatial pre-cueing to manipulate attention and a speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT) method to examine the full time-course of visual processing, I analysed, in addition to the behavioural response and the parameters of the SATfunction, the lateralised readiness potential (LRP)and other components of the event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to determine the locus of any attentional modulations on the speed of processing. The results of three experiments showed that attention can speed up visual information processing, and that the locus of this effect is at later processing stages related to the categorisation of a stimulus.

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Ross, David Andrew. "Norm- and exemplar- based models of face recognition". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/24126/.

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Face recognition is vital for many of our day-‐to-‐day social interactions. For the most part we can effortlessly recognise the faces of family, friends, casual acquaintances and famous people, ignoring the new hairstyle or fashionable sunglasses that they might be sporting and attending to diagnostic features that reveal their identity. From a psychological or computational standpoint, our flair for face recognition is particularly interesting because, unlike the many other categories of object that we routinely encounter, faces must be individuated. That is to say, faces must be differentiated at the within-‐category level, placing a unique demand on the visual system’s ability to rapidly and accurately discriminate a large number of visually similar patterns. The ease with which we recognise familiar faces belies the computational complexity of the task, rendering us unaware of the dramatic image variance caused by changes in viewing angle, lighting conditions and partial occlusion, and leaving us with an illusion of stability that is characteristic of our impression of the visual world. Clearly, with some 120 million retinal cells semi-‐ independently encoding the various aspects of a visual scene (Palmeri & Cottrell, 2010), the problem of face recognition is not (normally) one of visual acuity. Rather, the problem of face recognition is one of dimensional reduction, representing faces in a way that ignores the gross image-‐level variance across different instances of the same person while still maintaining the ability to discriminate between different faces (see Figure 1.1)

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Lancaster, Joseph Paul Jr. "Toward autism recognition using hidden Markov models". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/777.

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Replogle, Virginia Lynn. "Identifying the sources of lexical effects in visual word recognition /". The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486572165279073.

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Seybold, John. "An attractor neural network model of spoken word recognition". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335839.

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Byrd, Bridget D. "Electrophysiological potentials in the hippocampus during recognition memory". View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-1/byrdb/bridgetbyrd.pdf.

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Miller, Angela Nicole Roberts. "The role of body mass index and its covariates in emotion recognition". Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618863.

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Obesity is a chronic and debilitating medical condition that results from a complex mix of genetic, physiological, psychological, and social factors. Despite a recognized consensus regarding the complexity of obesity, little is known about how various demographic, medical, and cognitive performance variables interact in this population, especially in relation to factors which may contribute to the maintenance of obesity over time. Research has supported that one key aspect of this process is eating in response to psychological rather than physiological cues. Given the increased prevalence of psychopathology, particularly mood disorders, in obese individuals, the question arises as to whether there exists an underlying impairment in emotion recognition.

The current study sought to examine the associations among demographic and medical variables as well as performance on cognitive tests of memory, attention, executive function, sensory-motor, and verbal skills. Contrary to the hypothesis that BMI would be inversely related to performance on tests of emotion recognition, results indicated that as BMI increases, reaction time to complete these tasks decreases. This finding was noted even after the effects of age, gender, estimated pre-morbid IQ, pre-existing medical conditions, and performance in all neurocognitive domains was removed. In addition, when examined across BMI categories, it was observed that participants with BMIs greater than 40 kg/m2 showed the fastest reaction times. Overall, these findings provide support for contemporary theories of emotion which generally agree that emotions evolved to facilitate adaptation to environmental threat.

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Sherman, Adam Grant. "Development of a test of facial affect recognition /". Access abstract and link to full text, 1994. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9510111.

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Chambrot, Krysten Wise Kevin Robert. "Choosing your own adventure hyperlinks and their effects on memory /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5711.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on September 16, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Kevin Wise. Includes bibliographical references.

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Buratto, Luciano Grüdtner. "List-length and list-strength effects in recognition memory". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/874/.

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The study of interference effects is important to constrain models of memory. List-length manipulations test how adding new information to memory affects memory for the other stored information (list-length effect; LLE). List-strength manipulations test how strengthening some information in memory affects memory for the other non-strengthened information (list-strength effect; LSE). Whereas LLE and LSE are generally found in recall tasks, their empirical status in recognition tasks is less well established. In this thesis, we investigated some boundary conditions for both list-length and list-strength effects. The results provided evidence for the following claims: i) LLE and LSE are real effects in recognition (the effects were obtained after controlling for several confounds); ii) LLE and LSE are modulated by the relative contribution of recall-like processes operating at test (more recollection at test yielded larger effects); iii) LLE and LSE can be modulated by the number of study-test blocks in an experimental session (fewer study-test blocks resulted in larger effects); iv) LLE and LSE can be modulated by the time interval between study and test (shorter intervals produced larger effects) and iv) LLE and LSE may not be strongly modulated by the magnitude of length and strength manipulations (stronger manipulations did not result in larger effects). Taken together, the results support memory models that attribute forgetting in recognition to competition between memory traces during either encoding or retrieval. The results provide little support for models that attribute forgetting solely to interference between the contexts in which a memory was originally stored.

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Robertson, Daniel. "Spatial and temporal factors affecting human visual recognition memory". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10272/.

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The current thesis investigated the effects of a variety of spatial and temporal factors on visual recognition memory in human adults. Continuous recognition experiments investigated the effect of lag (the number of items intervening between study and test) on recognition of a variety of stimulus sets (common objects, face-like stimuli, fractals, trigrams), and determined that recognition of common objects was superior to that of other stimulus types. This advantage was largely eradicated when common objects of only one class (birds) were tested. Continuous recognition confounds the number of intervening items with the time elapsed between study and test presentations of stimuli. These factors were separated in an experiment comparing recognition performance at different rates of presentation. D-prime scores were affected solely by the number of intervening items, suggesting an interference-based explanation for the effect of lag. The role of interference was investigated further in a subsequent experiment examining the effect of interitem similarity on recognition. A higher level of global similarity amongst stimuli was associated with a lower sensitivity of recognition. Spatial separation between study and test was studied using same/different recognition of face-like stimuli, and spatial shifts between study and test locations. An initial study found a recognition advantage for stimuli that were studied and tested in the same peripheral location. However, the introduction of eye-tracking apparatus to verify fixation resulted in the eradication of this effect, suggesting that it was an artefact of uncontrolled fixation. Translation of both face-like and fractal stimuli between areas of different eccentricity, with different spatial acuities, did decrease recognition sensitivity, suggesting a partial positional specificity of visual memory. These phenomena were unaffected by 180 degree rotation. When interfering stimuli were introduced between study and test trials, translation invariance at a constant eccentricity broke down.

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Nakabayashi, Kazuyo. "The role of verbal processing in face recognition memory". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1268/.

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This dissertation attempts to provide a comprehensive view of the role of verbal processing in face recognition memory by examining some of the neglected issues in two streams of cognitive research, face recognition and verbal overshadowing. Traditionally, research in face recognition focuses on visual and semantic aspects of familiar and unfamiliar face processing, with little acknowledgement of any verbal aspect. By contrast, the verbal overshadowing literature examines the effect of verbal retrieval of unfamiliar face memory on subsequent recognition, with little attention to actual mechanisms underlying processing of these faces. Although both are concerned with our ability to recognise faces, they have proceeded independently as their research focus is diverse. It therefore remains uncertain whether or not face encoding entails verbal processing, and whether or not verbal processing is always detrimental to face recognition. To address these issues, some experimental techniques used in face recognition research were combined with methods from verbal overshadowing research. The first strand of experiments examined configural-visual and featural-verbal processing associations in change recognition tasks. The second strand systematically examined the role of verbal processing in recognition memory by manipulating the degree of verbal involvement during and after encoding. The third strand examined the ‘perceptual expertise’ account of verbal overshadowing in picture recognition memory tasks, involving pictures of familiar and unfamiliar people. The fourth strand directly tested a tentative hypothesis ‘verbal code interference’ to explain verbal overshadowing by manipulating the frequency and time of face verbalisation in line-up identification tasks. The concluding experiment looked at the relation between intentional learning and verbal overshadowing in a recognition memory task using more naturalistic stimuli. The main findings indicate first, that mechanisms underlying face processing appear to be complex, and simple processing associations (configural-visual and featural-verbal processing) cannot be made. Second, face encoding seems to involve some sort of verbal processing which may actually be necessary for successful recognition. Third, post-encoding verbalisation per se does not seem to be the key determiner for recognition impairment. Rather, the interference between verbal representations formed under different contexts seems to harm recognition. Fourth, verbal overshadowing was found only for unfamiliar face picture recognition, but not for familiar face picture recognition, casting a doubt on ‘perceptual expertise account’. Finally, although no clear evidence linking intentional learning and verbal overshadowing was found, intentional learning and verbalisation in combination affected a response pattern. These results were discussed in relation to ongoing debate over causes of the verbal overshadowing effect, which raises an important ecological question as to whether the phenomenon might reflect natural human memory interference.

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Harrison, Virginia M. "Expertise and the own-age bias in face recognition". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6945/.

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Previous research has shown that we recognise faces similar in age to ourselves better than older or younger faces (e.g. Anastasi & Rhodes, 2006). The primary aim of this thesis was to investigate this phenomenon in young adults and children to gain further insight into the underlying perceptual, cognitive and/or social mechanisms involved in this apparent “own-age bias” (OAB) in face recognition. Chapter one confirmed that an OAB was present in both young adults and children, and the remaining chapters sought to address why this pattern may exist by drawing on the plethora of research into why a similar, potentially analogous bias occurs: the own-race bias (ORB). The ORB is the phenomenon that we are more accurate at recognising faces of our own race than those belonging to a different, less familiar race (see Meissner & Brigham, 2001 for review). Perhaps the best known explanation of the ORB is the Contact Hypothesis. This suggests that the own-race memory advantage is due to the fact that people tend to have more experience with faces from their own race and, as a direct result, develop greater expertise at recognising them (e.g. Chiroro & Valentine, 1995). The second chapter sought to investigate whether a similar explanation could be applied to the OAB, and found supporting evidence for this claim. The remaining studies examined what it is about contact with an age group that results in the superior recognition for faces of that age. By investigating perceptual expertise, social-categorisation and motivational explanations of the OAB, this thesis concluded that both quantity and quality of contact play an important role in the development of this bias. The findings of this thesis seem to be most consistent with a perceptual expertise account of the own-age bias in face recognition. However, it also seems likely that motivation to attend to faces (particularly with the goal of individuation) is likely to be a driving factor of this bias.

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