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Remondi, Chiara, Giulia Casu, Camilla Pozzi, Francesco Greco, Paola Gremigni e Agostino Brugnera. "A Serial Mediation Model of Insecure Attachment and Psychological Distress: The Role of Dispositional Shame and Shame-Coping Styles". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n.º 4 (11 de fevereiro de 2023): 3193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043193.
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Shame is an intense, difficult to regulate, self-conscious emotion that predicts aspects of poor psychological functioning and is also strongly related to early relationships. Attachment insecurities, which constitute non-specific risk factors for psychological maladjustment, have been associated with an individual’s tendency to experience shame. In this study, we sought to examine the serial mediating roles of dispositional shame and shame-coping styles (i.e., attack other, attack self, withdrawal and avoidance) in the association between anxious and avoidant attachment, and psychological distress. Using a cross-sectional design, self-reported data were collected. The study sample included 978 respondents (57% female) with a mean age of 32.17 ± 13.48 years. The results of the path analysis indicated that both attachment dimensions were sequentially associated with dispositional shame and then with the attack self shame-coping style, which was, in turn, positively related to psychological distress. Further, attachment insecurities were sequentially associated with dispositional shame and then with the avoidance shame-coping style, which was, in turn, negatively related to psychological distress. The model was gender invariant, suggesting that the serial mediation worked in a similar way for men and women. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Todoreeva, Ina, e Ivanka Asenova. "Some Aspects of the Differences between Shame and Guilt". Filosofiya-Philosophy 31, n.º 3 (2022): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/phil2022-03-07.
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This article is focused on the differences between shame and guilt examined through a psychological perspective. The purpose of this analysis developed here is to attain conceptual clarity about what is distinctive about shame and guilt. We claim that shame is erroneously included in the category of “moral emotions” and that, paradoxically, there is nothing moral in it. To this end, we emphasize that shame is produced by the failure to achieve a certain minimum, which is social in its nature. It is therefore connected with low demands on one’s self and low self-esteem. Guilt, on the other hand, is based on the failure to achieve a subjective maximum and an ideal, so it tends to be observed in personalities that exhibit high demands upon themselves and a high self-esteem.
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Leanza, Vito, Alessia Passanisi e Gianluca Leanza. "Urinary incontinence: quality of life and psychological aspects". Urogynaecologia 27, n.º 1 (28 de outubro de 2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/uij.2013.e3.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of female urinary incontinence (UI) on quality of life. The method of research is based on a literature search on PubMed, Cochrane library and relevant articles from 1977 to 2012. Forty-eight works were found. Literature showed that UI affects a large percentage of the aged out patients. Women experience UI because of many reasons such as childbirth, menopause and previous gynaecologic surgery. Incontinence is to be treated as it impacts physiological and psychological aspects of patient’s life. Treatments include medical, physical (rehabilitation) and surgical approaches. Measures for assessment are made up by specific and non-specific questionnaires. Evaluation of female incontinence must take into account patients with and without medical treatment. Every sort of therapy has to consider the psychological impact too. In current literature depression, anxiety, shame and decreed selfefficacy resulted as the most important factors involving women with UI.
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Whicker, John J., Clarissa W. Ong, Karen Muñoz e Michael P. Twohig. "The Relationship Between Psychological Processes and Indices of Well-Being Among Adults With Hearing Loss". American Journal of Audiology 29, n.º 4 (9 de dezembro de 2020): 728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_aja-20-00035.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the role of psychological processes (i.e., internalized shame, self-efficacy, psychological inflexibility) regarding hearing loss in the well-being of adults who have hearing loss. Method This study used a cross-sectional survey design. Two hundred sixty-four surveys were submitted for analysis. Data were collected using a survey posted to online social media support, in audiology clinics across the country, and through national organizations supporting individuals who have hearing loss. Regressions were used to determine whether internalized shame, self-efficacy, or psychological inflexibility held any predictive value over subjects' well-being. Results Shame, self-efficacy, and psychological inflexibility significantly predicted different aspects of well-being. Conclusion Audiologists should consider the role of internalized thoughts and emotions regarding patients' hearing loss on how patients understand and manage their hearing health.
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Karakitsiou, Georgia, Anna Tsiakiri e Katerina Kedraka. "Investigating the Effects of Sociodemographic Characteristics on Psychological Factors That Impact on Educational Process of Adult Learners in Second Chance Schools in Greece". Review of European Studies 13, n.º 2 (18 de maio de 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v13n2p122.
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The present study deals with the influence of various psychological factors faced by adults during the educational process at Second Chance Schools in Greece. We studied how the feelings of shame, anxiety and depression were associated with the demographic characteristics of the adult learners of these schools. Ninety-five trainees took part in the research whose results indicated that socio-demographic characteristics have an impact on psychological factors that can contribute to the educational process of adult learners.
Sex and marital status were related to the feeling of shame (especially the body shame) and this may be an inhibitory factor to initial integration in or continuation with the studies in SCSs. Single and employed individuals were less vulnerable to development of depression and anxiety disorders, which has been found to have a negative effect on academic achievement. Based on such aspects, counseling approaches and interventions could be designed and implemented by Counselors Psychologists to improve the counseling services provided by the SCSs.
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Wayda-Zalewska, Magdalena, Katarzyna Ładniak-Grońska, Barbara Kostecka, Anna Walenda e Katarzyna Kucharska. "Shame – a forgotten emotion: psychopathology, neurobiology, and therapy of shame in eating disorders". Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna 21, n.º 3 (10 de novembro de 2021): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2021.0021.
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The paper focuses on shame in the context of eating disorders. As a common emotion occurring in various spheres of human life, shame is of particular importance in the understanding and treatment of eating disorders as it is one of the key factors in their development and sustenance. There is scientific evidence that individuals with eating disorders experience higher levels of shame and guilt compared to those with other clinical diagnoses, which distinguishes eating disorders from other psychopathologies. Therefore, we present the mechanisms underlying the emotion of shame and its relationship with eating disorders, along with selected therapeutic strategies for overcoming shame. This paper also presents the research on neural correlates of shame and their relationship with the development and sustenance of a disturbed body image, which is one of the key psychopathological aspects of eating disorders. We also discuss the role of work on the patient’s shame in successful therapeutic processes, as well as the possible use of neuroscience in understanding and treating patients experiencing this emotion. Furthermore, we attempted to explain the concept of shame and its possible classification in the context of selected psychological theories. The paper also refers to the concepts of healthy and toxic shame, which are strongly associated with developing a specific type of personality and coping strategies in social relationships, and which influence self-esteem.
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Asgarizadeh, Ahmad, e Saeed Ghanbari. "Shame in borderline, antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders: Theoretical conceptualizations and empirical findings". Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry 9, n.º 5 (22 de novembro de 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/shenakht.9.5.1.
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Shame is a self-conscious emotion that can be named psychological pain. The consensus is that shame has adaptive and maladaptive aspects. In other words, although shame warns individuals about the loss of their social position, its experience could lead to different types of psychopathology, namely personality pathology. The aim of the current study was (1) to explore the theoretical perspectives about the association between shame and personality disorders and (2) to investigate the congruency of empirical findings with the aforesaid theories. By conducting a narrative review of the most significant references existing in the literature, we found that most of the theories and studies were about cluster B personality disorders (and in particular, about borderline, antisocial, and narcissistic personality disorders). Shame plays a distinct role in the development and maintenance of the above-said personality disorders. The most notable difference is related to the level of consciousness in which shame is processed. Moreover, particularly in the relationship between shame, grandiose narcissism, psychopathy, and antisocial personality disorder, inconsistencies among theories and empirical findings were observed. Experiencing shame could have enduring impacts on individuals' mental health. When shame is internalized, it may lead to the development of personality disorders in different ways and patterns.
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Adshead, Gwen. "Psychological therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder". British Journal of Psychiatry 177, n.º 2 (agosto de 2000): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.2.144.
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BackgroundAfter exposure to traumatic stressors, a subgroup of survivors (20–30%) will develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).AimsSince the incidence and prevalence rates for PTSD in the community are significant, it is important that general practitioners and psychiatrists be familiar with possible therapeutic options. In this review we shall look at the published evidence about the effectiveness of psychological treatments for PTSD.MethodThe psychopathological mechanisms involved in PTSD are discussed. Studies of the effectiveness of different psychological therapies are reviewed.ResultsThe review suggests that persistent fear or shame reactions are key aspects of PTSD. Evidence from systematic reviews suggests that psychotherapeutic treatments are effective in the therapy of reactions based on fear, and may increase the effectiveness of pharmacological therapy. There is less systematic evidence for the efficacy of interventions for symptoms based on shame.ConclusionsAlthough a proportion of patients with complex or chronic PTSD may require specialist interventions, most patients can be treated effectively by a general psychiatric service which can offer both pharmacological and psychological interventions.
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Conroy, David E. "The Unique Psychological Meanings of Multidimensional Fears of Failing". Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 26, n.º 3 (setembro de 2004): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.26.3.484.
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The multidimensional, hierarchical model of fear of failure (FF) has gained popularity in sport; however, the unique meaning of lower-order fears of failing in previous research may have been obscured by the hierarchical structure of the model. The present research aimed to establish the unique psychological meaning of lower-order fears of failing. Samples of recreational athletes (N = 440) and female varsity intercollegiate track and field athletes (N = 71) completed measures of multidimensional fears of failing, self-talk while failing, 2 × 2 achievement goals, and contextual motivation. Partial correlation analyses revealed unique patterns of relationships for each lower-order FF score with the external measures of self-talk, achievement goals, and contextual motivation. Fears of experiencing shame and embarrassment appeared to be at the heart of dysfunctional aspects of FF, whereas fears of having an uncertain future evidenced some uniquely adaptive components.
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Norkina, I. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DISADAPTATION AS A CAUSE OF DISSATISFACTION WITH SEXUAL LIFE". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, n.º 2 (9) (2018): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2018.2(9).13.
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The article presents the view on the problem of psychological maladaptation as a factor of dissatisfaction with sexual life, which is manifested in the disclosure of the data of the concepts, descriptions and characteristic features that are manifested in these concepts. The psychological aspects of the manifestation of psychological maladaptation and sexual dissatisfaction are revealed, and an empirical study of the relationship between psychological maladaptation and sexual dissatisfaction was conducted. Sexual and psychological relationships are caused by a determinant relationship (have their internal causes and external effects), this in turn indicates that sex life has an impact on interpersonal, intimate relationships among partners, and can also serve as a cause of the psychological defining of the individual. An important aspect was the sexual satisfaction with its physiological and psychological components, and the special role of various manifestations of feelings (mood, anxiety, emotions, stresses) on the sexual function of the individual was proved. The result of the study is the significance of the statistical relationship between psychological maladaptation and sexual dissatisfaction. This means that the psychological state of a person has a great influence on sexual life and vice versa, the sexual sphere of human life provides a certain amount of filling and general mental background state of personality in any life situations. With the help of theoretical and empirical analysis we received the following results: high indicators of sexual satisfaction and realized evidence of the ability of a person to feel pleasure during sexual intercourse, to control their own sexual behavior In accordance with the norms of social and personal ethics. Such a person is free of fear, a sense of shame and guilt, false representations and other psychological factors that inhibit sexual response and violate sexual relations.
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Laili, Nurul. "ASPEK PSIKOLOGI PEMBELAJARAN DARING MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DENGAN CAPAIAN INDEKS PRESTASI KUMULATIF MAHASISWA VOKASI". Jurnal Ilmiah Pamenang 2, n.º 2 (9 de dezembro de 2020): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53599/jip.v2i2.67.
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Abstract
Background: Changes that occur in the learning process due to a pandemic have an impact on the psychological aspects of students. Factors that influence the psychological aspects of learning are intelligence, learning environment and learning methods. Online learning methods require adaptation to habitual patterns and use of technology. Independent learning, indirect learning, and multiple assignments, have a psychological effect on a variety of physical and mental complaints. Evaluation of online learning through understanding (cognitive) and affective results with reference to the cumulative grade point average obtained by students during online learning.
Method: The research design used cross-sectional. The population in this study were all D3 Nursing students of STIKES Karya Husada Semester 2. Data collection techniques were Total Sampling. The independent variable is the psychological aspect of vocational students facing online learning and the dependent variable is the achievement of the student's Grade Point Average. Measurement of psychological aspects using a scale instrument of psychological aspects of resilience. The type of test used is the Chi Square test with p value <0.005.
Results: Most of the respondents had a positive psychological aspect when learning online and had a very satisfying GPA. The result of the value correlation test shows a significance of 0.000, so there is a relationship between psychological aspects and the achievement of the student's grade point average.Analysis: Learning conditions that have implications for individual responses show that education as an institution is able to prepare students for online learning well. Conditions that can support the learning process, facilitators, academic tools and learning methods are quite varied, increasing the ability of students to follow each learning process. The competency target that is sought is still optimal, although not ideal, it will greatly help students achieve good learning outcomes.Conclusion: Achievement of learning outcomes can be influenced by interest, motivation, cognitive abilities, ability to share time, relationships with family, lecturers' explanations and living conditions, social conditions and individual abilities to adapt to learning conditions.
Keywords: Psychological aspects, Grade Point Average, Online learning
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Carzedda, Giuseppe. "Feeling Ridiculous and the Emotion of Shame in Physical Experiences During Analysis". Clinical Journal of the International Institute for Bioenergetic Analysis 25, n.º 1 (março de 2015): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30820/0743-4804-2015-25-121.
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In this article, a clinical case is discussed according to Bioenergetic Analysis, focusing on the theme of shame and its presence in the patient’s inner experience of feeling ridiculous when carrying out physical exercise proposed during psychotherapy. Two aspects of the therapeutic process are highlighted: first, how the elaboration of this feeling can begin at the very early stages of therapy and second, how within dyadic analysis, the resulting complex and intense affective valences implied can render the approach to such a task quite problematic. Such difficulties lead to the reconsideration of the role of the emotion of shame. Generally, it must be recognized as an integral part of the process of the individual’s psychological development; the relevance of intersubjectivity within the analytic relationship is rendered even more evident. From this theoretical/clinical perspective, considerations derived from a phenomenological approach are recognized as having particular importance, as even imagined looks can assume a central relevance along the two-way relationship bridge that unites the therapist with the patient.
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Amanah, Siti, Chalista Hafizah e Sasa Bilkis. "Dampak Kekerasan Orang Tua bagi Anak". Journal on Education 5, n.º 2 (15 de janeiro de 2023): 2955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i2.946.
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The study is set back by a child who experiences the effects of parental abuse on a child. The purpose of this study is to describe the parent’s abuse of children seen from: 1) physical impact;2) psychological impact. It is a qualitative study of case study. The RH key informant and 2 additional informers made up of 1 RH client friend and 1 RH domestic assistant who was experiencing parental abuse. The study was focused on the effects of parental abuse on children in both physical and psychological aspects. The instruments used in this study are guidelines of observation and interview guidelines, techniques used in data processing through data reduction, data presentation and deduction. Research revealed that the physical effects of the RH client were of bruising and scrapes, of sleeping disorders after beatings, of silence when asked what was befallen him; 2) the psychological impact of the RH is that of feeling sadness, fear and shame, worry, worry, low self-esteem, low self-esteem, and often isolation and isolation from friends. According to the issues at hand, RH was given a consultation to treat his parents’ abuse without interfering with his psychological development.
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Salmela, Mikko, e Christian von Scheve. "Emotional roots of right-wing political populism". Social Science Information 56, n.º 4 (12 de outubro de 2017): 567–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018417734419.
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The rise of the radical populist right has been linked to fundamental socioeconomic changes fueled by globalization and economic deregulation. Yet, socioeconomic factors can hardly fully explain the rise of the new right. We suggest that emotional processes that affect people’s identities provide an additional explanation for the current popularity of the new radical right, not only among low- and medium-skilled workers, but also among the middle classes whose insecurities manifest as fears of not being able to live up to salient social identities and their constitutive values, and as shame about this actual or anticipated inability. This link between fear and shame is particularly salient in contemporary capitalist societies where responsibility for success and failure is increasingly individualized, and failure is stigmatized through unemployment, receiving welfare benefits, or labor migration. Under these conditions, we identify two psychological mechanisms behind the rise of the new populist right. The first mechanism of ressentiment explains how negative emotions – fear and insecurity, in particular – transform through repressed shame into anger, resentment and hatred towards perceived ‘enemies’ of the self and associated social groups, such as refugees, immigrants, the long-term unemployed, political and cultural elites, and the ‘mainstream’ media. The second mechanism relates to the emotional distancing from social identities that inflict shame and other negative emotions, and instead promotes seeking meaning and self-esteem from aspects of identity perceived to be stable and to some extent exclusive, such as nationality, ethnicity, religion, language and traditional gender roles.
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Melenko, O. V., L. M. Hryndei e O. V. Stratii. "PSYCHOLOGICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS AGAINST CORRUPTION IN UKRAINE NOWADAYS". Actual problems of native jurisprudence 5, n.º 5 (outubro de 2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/392205.
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This article provides a complex analysis of corruption crimes in Ukraine. The analysis is showing that a third of corruption crimes are committed in five regions of Ukraine, and a conclusion was made about the uneven corruption environment. It was found that in the structure of corruption crimes the largest part is occupied by administrative corruption crimes. In general, the structure of administrative corruption crimes in Ukraine is homogeneous. Almost all administrative corruption crimes concern violations of financial control requirements. In other words, the vast majority of Ukrainian corrupt criminals hide or distort information about their income and foreign financial investments. In the structure of criminal corruption crimes, the largest share is occupied by offenses related to obtaining illegal benefits and abuse of official position. On the other side, in the structure of disciplinary liability for corruption crimes, the largest share is occupied by offenses related to non-compliance with the requirements of financial control, a conflict of interests, and the receipt of illegal benefits. Based on a comprehensive analysis of corruption crimes in Ukraine, a behavioral stereotype of a Ukrainian corruptor has been developed. The logical sequence of actions of the Ukrainian corruptor has six stages: one's main interest is their own benefit, which excludes the interests of the nation and society; abuses one's official position; receives illegal benefits; rapidly accumulates material goods; stores money abroad; hides and distorts information about personal income. This article systematizes the psychological characteristics of a corruptor. The psychological portrait of a corruptor is formed by specific moral and psychological traits and socio-role characteristics, such as feelings of permissiveness and influence, envy, vanity, money cult, sociability, a propensity to risk, lack of empathy, careerism, ostentatious control. Ostentatious control means a demonstration of «poker face», which hides irresponsibility, unreliability, impulsiveness, emotional instability, aggression. The article proposes a number of institutional changes aimed at reducing the corruption environment in Ukraine.
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Sturgeon-Clegg, Imogen, e M. McCauley. "Military psychologists and cultural competence: exploring implications for the manifestation and treatment of psychological trauma in the British armed forces". Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 165, n.º 2 (17 de março de 2019): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-001133.
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This paper considers the manifestation and treatment of psychological trauma in the military. The article describes how military psychologists conceptualise psychological trauma within the culture of the Armed Forces (AF), which is reflected in the process of acquiring what has been referred to as cultural competency. Psychologists in this context acquire an understanding of the manner in which the psychological and organisational systems and culture of the military affect the presentation of psychological trauma, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The paper outlines core psychological features of military life, including some of the ways in which the AF functions effectively as an adaptable fighting force. This highlights, for example, the potential for stigma within and between military personnel who experience mental health difficulties. The article proceeds to examine aspects of help-seeking in military mental healthcare, how symptoms can present at different stages in a deployment process, and the consequences that such problems can cause for military conduct and performance. Psychological care in the military is structured within an occupational mental health ethos, in which psychologists fulfil a range of clinical, organisational and leadership roles. These dynamics are explored with examples of care pathways and clarity on evidence-based interventions for trauma and PTSD in those experiencing military-related psychological injuries. Two vignettes are then offered to illustrate how some of these interventions can be used psychotherapeutically in addressing symptoms pertaining to hyperarousal, hypervigilance, guilt and shame.
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Stewart, Betty J. "Book Review: The Deepening Shade: Psychological Aspects of Life-Threatening Illness". Social Casework 69, n.º 10 (dezembro de 1988): 646–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438948806901009.
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Adinugroho, Indro, Priska Kristiani e Nani Nurrachman. "Understanding Aggression in Digital Environment: Relationship between Shame and Guilt and Cyber Aggression in Online Social Network". Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia 26, n.º 2 (11 de setembro de 2022): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/hubs.asia.2060322.
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Violence on the internet often occurs in Indonesia due to several aspects, such as political reason and entertainment purpose. It has emerged due to the rapid digital movement, which produces numerous digital applications that can widen the connection among humans from various backgrounds. Sometimes, different values and perceptions are the factors that incinerate violence on the internet, particularly verbal violence. In this study, we apply the term cyber aggression (CA), a form of structured and unstructured behavior to harm others online, to explain this phenomenon. The emergence of this new-kind of behavior must be addressed by the government and other stakeholders in managing social and political stability that requires intergroup relation. This study aims to explain two specific predictors that can empirically understand CA from the psychological perspective, namely, moral emotions and frequency of social media usage. Result shows that one dimension of moral emotion—guilt—is a significant predictor to inhibit CA. Moreover, shame precisely encourages people to conduct CA.
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Magdaleno, R., E. A. Chaim e E. R. Turato. "Psychological recommendations in the massive weight loss for patients after bariatric surgery in public service outpatient in Southeast Brazil". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (março de 2011): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72437-3.
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IntroductionBariatric surgery is a procedure that results in a complex network of emotional experiences. One of the objectives of surgery is to bring about an improvement in the quality of life. Many patients fail because of psychological difficulties, a fact that reinforces the need for specific studies on the psychological dynamic.Objectiveto understand the meanings for patients when undergoing bariatric surgery.MethodClinical-qualitative method.ResultsThe main emotional experiences are social re-insertion, personal acceptance, the risk of disillusion with the results of surgery, recovery of self esteem, improvement in quality of life and in body image.ConclusionsIt is important to identify those aspects of a patients’ psychological make-up which would be expected to improve or worsen their prognosis, and to provide the necessary pre- and post-operative psychosocial counselling. We offer some markers to assist the health professionals, which will allow an appropriate psychosocial plan to be developed and help the health team to identify factors that may affect prognosis. We propose some recommendations for a better psychological evolution: psychotherapy focusing on improving self-esteem; identifying feelings of shame related to a greater exposure; identifying how patients deal with feelings of competitiveness, envy and jealousy; assessing if obesity has defensive function; providing realistic parameters with regards the results of surgery; distinguishing between realistic necessity for plastic surgery and unreal expectations; observation of deviations to other compulsions; acceptance of skin folds and scars; clarifying the misunderstanding between emotional and physical hunger; confidence in own ability to adopt new behavioural models.
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Rahmawati, Nfn. "KONFLIK KEJIWAAN TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL KORUPSI KARYA TAHAR BEN JELLEOUN (Psychological Conflict of The Main Character in Tahar Ben Jelleoun’s Novel, Korupsi)". Kandai 13, n.º 1 (24 de agosto de 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/jk.v13i1.93.
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This study aims to describe main characters and psychological conflict experienced by the characters in “Korupsi” novel. The method used is qualitative descriptive method. Two issues are: (1) how the character of the character in “Korupsi” novel and (2) what psychological conflict experienced by the main character will be studied by combining a structural approach and psychological literature. The structural approach is used to understand the characterization aspect as one of the novel structures that discusses character and main figure’s character. The psychological literature is employed to understand psychological conflict and psychological problems experienced by the main characters. he results show that the main characters are easily tempted, inconsistent, impatient for having all his needs fulfilled. These characters makes him trapped in corruption case. The bribery money makes him in corruption trap in his office causes inevitable psychological conflicts. The main character decision to get involved in corruption case is inseparable from influence and pressure from family and his friends in his office. The action to neglect principle, integrity, and honesty that have been retained for many years causes him trapped in psychological conflicts. Psychological conflicts experienced by the main characters lead to psychological problem in the main characters, such as guilt, shame, negative hallucinations, nightmares, and desire to suicide.
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Podolska, Anna. "ANALYSIS OF ANXIETY AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENON AND USING ART THERAPY WORK WITH CLAY IN THERAPY FOR ANXIETY". PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 7, n.º 7 (30 de julho de 2021): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2021.7.7.3.
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The article contains an exposition of the theoretical analysis of the main scientific approaches to the study of the concept of "anxiety states" and the differentiation and correlation of the concepts of anxiety, situational and personal anxiety, anxiety state. The psychological, physiological and social aspects of the emergence and manifestation of anxiety states are analyzed. Phobic to asthenic components of anxiety states are described. The reasons and consequences of anxiety in various senses of anxiety as an emotional and psychological state are considered. We see the importance of studying anxiety states in the growth trend of negative emotions in society, and in the demand for psychological support. Among modern methods of psychotherapy for anxiety states, we choose art therapy as one of the ecological means of overcoming feelings of fear, anger, shame and other negative emotional states. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of art therapy work with clay as a psychotherapeutic method of anxious personality states. A description is made and general characteristics and features of art therapy work with clay are given. Based on the study of a number of foreign studies on art therapy with clay, we saw evidence of a close correlation between the physiological and psychological aspects of human life through the experience of contact, as one of the very first basic personal experiences. When interacting with clay in the context of an art therapy process, each hand movement provides instant feedback to the brain, provides non-verbal access to psychological and sensorimotor processes. Natural clay is a natural, ecological and affordable material that provides the creation of three-dimensional objects and naturally promotes significant psychological processes through touch, revealing significant information about the inner world of the creators. Therefore, clay art therapy can be a powerful tool for solving many basic problems and stimulating an individual to social-emotional development. The relevance of the upcoming study is due to the urgent need to use psychotherapeutic methods of an innovative and systemic nature in working with anxiety states. We determine the prospect of our research in the development of a program for a therapeutic program for anxiety states using clay as a method of art therapy.
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Nyirahabimana, Marie Louise, Benjamin Tuyishimire, Japhet Niyonsenga, Jeanne Marie Ntete, Ignatiana Mukarusanga e Jean Mutabaruka. "Emotions and Feelings as Predictors of Depression and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders among Children and Adolescents with Complete Blindness". Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 5, n.º 3 (20 de dezembro de 2022): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v5i3.9.
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Introduction
Although blindness is a detrimental physical condition affecting almost all aspects of the lives of children and adolescents with blindness, little is known about the negative emotions and feelings they express and how they are linked with psychological disorders. Thus, this study aimed at examining the links between negative basic emotions, feelings, depression, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders (ADHD).
Methods
Sixty children and adolescents with blindness were selected from HVP Gatagara-Rwamagana. We computed the regression analysis to identify the associations between emotions and feelings and depression and ADHD symptoms.
Results
Results indicated clinical levels of sadness in 29 of 60 (48.3%), low self-esteem in 27 of 60 (45%), anger in 26 of 60 (43.3%), guilt and shame in 25 of 60) 41.6%, depression in 26 of 60 (43.3%), inattention in 11 of 60 (18.3%) and hyperactivity in 3 of 60 (5%). This study revealed that self-esteem (β = -0.81, p < 0.001), anger (β = 0.76, p < 0.001), sadness (β = 0.75, p < 0.001), low happiness (β = -0.53, p < 0.001), guilt and shame (β = 0.70, p < 0.001) predicted depressive symptoms. Only sadness (β = 0.540, p = 0.04) and anger (β =- 0.556, p = 0.04) were significant predictors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with blindness.
Conclusion
Interventions designed to elevate self-esteem and happiness as well as decrease anger, sadness, shame and guilt are needed for decreasing the risk of depression and ADHD.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(3):340-349
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Kaprisma, Hendra. "PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS: FROM THE COMMUNICATION, MEDIA, PROPAGANDA, AND SOCIAL-CULTURE PERSPECTIVE". Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 6, n.º 2 (11 de agosto de 2020): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v6i2.492.
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<p>This millennial era that is inseparable with technological advancement, the role of media and communication become more crucial. Those two components shape up and influence human psychological development. Media and communication are two aspects that intertwined from both good and bad influence. Those good and bad stigmas are also inseparable from propaganda. The strength of propaganda depends on whether or not the socio-cultural element is accurately used to deliver the selected message. Sciences regarding social system have become more important because it is related to potential target to support the psychological operations. The psychological operations consisted of delivering a particular message or information through selected media (product) to influence or modify the behavior of the receiver (target audience). In the context of national resilience, <em>astagatra</em> is also known as one of the aspects that influence the success of psychological operations. Therefore, this paper will discuss the study of psychological operations from several disciplines such as communication, media, propaganda, and socio-cultural perspective. The study regarding history and development of psychological operations will be explained using critical-literacy methods strengthened by literature review. This research finds that psychological operations are one of the ways that shown to influence human mindset and trait, or behavior to a specific target audience that supported by intertwining aspects such as communication, media, propaganda, and socio-cultural aspects that significant to the success of psychological operations of a particular country.</p>
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Cipriano-Crespo, Carmen, Marta Rodríguez-Hernández, Pablo Cantero-Garlito e Lorenzo Mariano-Juárez. "Eating Experiences of People with Disabilities: A Qualitative Study in Spain". Healthcare 8, n.º 4 (24 de novembro de 2020): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040512.
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Background: Disability causes changes in the eating process, which is central to the definition of each individual’s social and psychological spaces. Methods: This is a qualitative study based on grounded theory. Interviews were carried out in clinical hospital settings and headquarters of several disability organisations. The study included 27 individuals, aged between 18–75 years. All participants had a disability that caused a functional deficiency in the occupational aspects of the eating process. Results: The respondents’ narratives were analysed through observations made in different contexts, allowing us to describe and understand the significance attributed by the participants to their reality and experiences. Three key themes emerged from the analysis: (1) waning bodies (assumption of a diminished corporality); (2) redefinition of food-related social spaces; and (3) perceived burdensomeness, shame, and loneliness. Conclusions: Assisted feeding tends to prioritise the nutritional component of food ingestion. However, cultural, social, and contextual factors have a critical impact on an individual’s well-being and quality of life. This study stresses the importance of re-addressing intervention models affecting differently-abled people and incorporating approaches that take into account the contextual aspects of occupational therapy.
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Coluccia, Anna, Andrea Pozza, Fabio Ferretti, Fulvio Carabellese, Alessandra Masti e Giacomo Gualtieri. "Online Romance Scams: Relational Dynamics and Psychological Characteristics of the Victims and Scammers. A Scoping Review". Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 16, n.º 1 (20 de abril de 2020): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017902016010024.
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Background: Digital communication technologies can overcome physical, social and psychological barriers in building romantic relationships. Online romance scams are a modern form of fraud that has spread in Western societies along with the development of social media and dating apps. Through a fictitious Internet profile, the scammer develops a romantic relationship with the victim for 6-8 months, building a deep emotional bond to extort economic resources in a manipulative dynamic. There are two notable features: on the one hand, the double trauma of losing money and a relationship, on the other, the victim's shame upon discovery of the scam, an aspect that might lead to underestimation of the number of cases. Objectives: This paper presents a scoping review of the quantitative and qualitative evidence on this issue, focusing on epidemiological aspects, relational dynamics, and the psychological characteristics of victims and scammers. Methods: A literature scoping review was conducted using electronic databases and descriptors. Studies were included if they had analyzed the phenomenon in any population or the relationship dynamics characterizing it through whatsoever typology of design. Scoping reviews are a form of knowledge synthesis, which incorporates a range of study designs and wide eligibility criteria to comprehensively summarize evidence with the aim of informing practice, programs, and policy and providing direction to future research priorities. Results: Twelve studies were included. Sixty-three percent of social media users and 3% of the general population report having been a victim at least once. Some psychological variables appear to be associated with the risk of being scammed, such as female gender, middle-age, higher levels of neuroticism, tendencies to the romantic idealization of affective relations, sensation seeking, impulsiveness and susceptibility to addiction. We analyse literature limitations and future directions. Conclusion: Since this emerging phenomenon is still largely unrecognized, understanding the psychological characteristics of victims and scammers will allow at-risk personality profiles to be identified and prevention/intervention strategies to be developed.
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Rezki Perdani Sawai, Noornajihan Jaafar, Sidek Mohd Noah e Steven Eric Krauss. "Inculcating the Sense of Modesty (Al-Haya’) in Youth from the Perspectives of the Quran and Sunnah". Maʿālim al-Qurʾān wa al-Sunnah 16, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2020): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jmqs.v16i2.230.
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This paper discusses the concept of al-haya’ (modesty). Moral emotions are seen as fundamental in promoting adherence to ethical and social norms. This paper argues that modesty is an affective disposition that is important in the development of a Muslim’s sense of moral self. Al-haya’ inhibits a person from engaging in undesirable behaviour by creating a sense of shame. It differs from embarrassment (khajal) which refers to something that has already happened. Shame is based on what may occur in the future. Al-haya’ is also a fear of social disapprobation or disgrace ensuing from the scrutiny of others, or some imagined or internalized audiences. This paper considers the nature of modesty in exploring its characteristics from the Islamic perspective, and whether it is an adaptive or maladaptive trait. The method used in conceptualizing modesty and identifying its characteristics and types is through a document analysis of Quranic verses and authentic hadith from the classical Islamic works of Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-Tirmizi, Sunan an-Abu Dawud, and Sunan Ibn Majah. Classical and contemporary Muslim scholarship are also consulted. After analysing the philosophical and psychological aspects of modesty, the researchers found it to be adaptive rather than maladaptive from the perspective of Islamic teachings. Thus, modesty should be promoted as one of the core values in shaping the character of Muslim youth.
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Mustač, F., S. Bjedov, M. Matovinović, N. Jaksic, B. Vuksan-Ćusa e D. Marčinko. "Psychodynamic phenomena in obese patients". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (abril de 2021): S701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1857.
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IntroductionObesity is one of the leading problems of today’s society. According to WHO, 650 million people worldwide are obese, which is 13% of total population (in Croatia 21.5%). There are various psychodynamic theories that interpret the psychological aspects of obesity.ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to present psychodynamic and contemporary psychiatric concepts that explain the interrelated phenomena presenting in obese patients.MethodsThe review of the literature included the investigation of the existing studies in the field of modern psychiatry, as well as previous knowledge in the field of psychodynamics.ResultsObesity is associated with the emptiness of not recognizing one’s own emotions from hunger, and the need for constant replacement. The everyday life of the obese is filled with shame, an uncomfortable perception that is so intense that can be unbearable. The emptiness and shame which overwhelm and create discomfort cannot be fulfilled by constant food intake and are associated with pathological narcissism (grandiose or vulnerable), which in turn is associated with more regressive behaviour. Thus, obesity may sometimes be associated with addictive behaviours, and a cognition that a bad pattern of rewarding behaviour through food has been adopted in parallel with poor self-control.ConclusionsRelationship between psychodynamic phenomena and obesity is complex and multidimensional. Further research is needed in order to ameliorate our understanding of these connections.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Sebola, Moffat, e Olufemi J. Abodunrin. "Not Yet Uhuru: Aspects of Social Realism in Vonani Bila’s Selected Poetry". Journal of African Languages and Literary Studies 2, n.º 3 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2633-2116/2021/v2n3a5.
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This article analyses Vonani Bila’s selected poetry for its ability to produce an ‘air of reality’. The central argument of the article is that Bila embraces an aesthetic of realism, which essentially values unsparing, accurate and sordid representations of the psychological, social and material realities of postcolonial (and democratic) South Africa. Undergirded by the Marxist theory of Social Realism, the qualitative approach and descriptive design, this article purposively selected ten poems from some of the anthologies in which Bila published his poetry, namely; Magicstan Fires, Handsome Jita and Sweep of the Violin. Bila’s poetry can best be situated within the historical contexts that shape his texts, namely; the apartheid era, ideas about capitalism in newly democratic South Africa, the emergence of a vibrant immigrant community in South Africa and idealised notions of achieving equality and prosperity through education in South Africa. This article is mainly a critical analysis, and not a historical account of the apartheid era and democratic dispensation of South Africa. In the analysis, it was noted that Bila’s poetry generally manifests the literary categories of social and psychological realism, respectively. As a social realist, Bila explores the problems of economic inequality and captures the experience of both rural and urban life in a post- and neo-colonial context of South Africa. As a psychological realist, on the other extreme, Bila is concerned with delving beneath the surface of social life to probe the complex motivations and (un)conscious desires that shape his literary personae’s perceptions. The article concludes with the notion that, in his commitment to document the realities of everyday life in South Africa, both at social and psychological dimensions, Bila offers a penetrating insight into the repression, alienation, marginalisation, instabilities, and inequalities that structure post- and neo-colonial South Africa.
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Anyfioti, Vasiliki, e Maria Luca. "The missing piece: an interpretative phenomenological study of the experience of unresolved infertility for women". Journal of Psychological Therapies 5, n.º 1 (23 de março de 2020): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/jpt.v5n1.2020.22.
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This article is based on a larger interpretative phenomenological study exploring the lived experience of women who have faced unresolved infertility, and which aimed to understand and interpret the meaning of infertility, its emotional implications, and the coping mechanisms of sufferers. The five participants were women who faced primary infertility, whilst being with a partner, having undergone treatment, and who had not encountered (at least initially) other handicaps critical to their infertility. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews and the narratives were analysed using Smith’s Interpretative Phenomenological Approach (IPA). The four superordinate themes identified were: (1) meaning of motherhood; (2) being in treatment; (3) consciously facing infertility; and (4) moving on. Due to word count limitations, this article only focuses on: “meaning of motherhood” and “consciously facing infertility”, with the intention to publish a different article to address the remaining two themes. The combination of themes was determined by considering how to wholesomely present the most essential aspects of the narrative as related to us by the participants. The themes included in this article explore how archetypical beliefs about motherhood and fertility help define cultural, societal, and personal expectations, and in turn affect the magnitude and intensity of infertility’s psychological impact. The findings emphasise the complexity of the phenomenon and how it can impinge on all aspects of life. Sufferers were found to experience complex loss, relating to their identity and self-esteem, life purpose, but also relationships and social integration. These profound psychological effects can be particularly long lasting due to the lifelong nature of the phenomenon but also the shame and secrecy surrounding it.
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Lebedeva, Yulia. "The Meaning, Structure and Relationships between the Concepts "Psychological Contact" and "Establishment of a Psychological Contact" in the Work of the Investigator". Siberian Criminal Process and Criminalistic Readings, n.º 3 (3 de setembro de 2021): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2411-6122.2021.3.60-70.
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At the current stage of the development of criminalistics, the knowledge of psychology is becoming integrated into its aspects connected with the tactics of investigatory actions and other procedural aspects of verbal character (interviews, identification, checking testimonies on the spot, etc.), as well as the interaction of all parties in a criminal process, during both pre-trial and court proceedings on a criminal case. At the same time, scholars do not currently share a common understanding or opinion regarding the structure and contents of such phenomenon as “a contact”, the difference between “psychological contact” and “communicative or emotional contact”, the stages of “establishing a psychological contact”, their borders and criteria determining the contact’s success. It is necessary to overcome the outlined differences of opinion because crime investigation involves people of various ages and, to establish “a contact” with them, the investigator needs to have not only the knowledge of law, but also of developmental psychology, especially when working with minors and senior citizens.
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Reznikova, J. I. "Comparative psychological aspects of ontogenetic development of behavior: A review of experimental studies". Experimental Psychology (Russia) 8, n.º 2 (2015): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2015080207.
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One of the most interesting unsolved problems in cognitive ethology studies is associated with the interaction of hereditarily determined behavioral patterns and the skills based on individual and social experience, and with the ability to apply the results of this interaction to new situations. Human intellect may be characterized by outstanding versatility. Representatives of different animal species exhibit extremely complex forms of cognitive activity, but within very narrow domains. Cognitive behavior is based on a set of features, which include species-specific filtering of stimuli, innate tendency to form certain associative links and prohibit the formation of other, genetically determined set of stereotypes, early experience. Speciesspecific limitations shape specialized cognitive development in different species, including humans.
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Szőcs, Henrietta, Zsolt Horváth e Gabriella Vizin. "A szégyen mediációs szerepe a stigma és az életminőség kapcsolatában coeliakiában szenvedő betegek körében." Orvosi Hetilap 162, n.º 49 (5 de dezembro de 2021): 1968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2021.32258.
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Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A coeliakia és a kapcsolódó terhek befolyásolják az érintettek életminőségét. A krónikus betegségekkel járó stigmatizáció hozzájárul a fizikai tünetek és a lelki panaszok fokozódásához, valamint az egészségmagatartás csökkenéséhez. Mindez szükségessé teszi a krónikus megbetegedések kapcsán a stigmatizáció felismerését, felmérését és kezelését. Célkitűzések: Fő célunk a 8 tételes Stigmatizáció Krónikus Betegségekben Kérdőív (SSCI-8) magyar adaptációja és pszichometriai vizsgálata volt coeliakiások körében. További célunk volt megvizsgálni a szégyen közvetítő szerepét a stigmatizáció és a jóllét között. Módszerek: A kutatás önbeszámolós, online kérdőíves, keresztmetszeti vizsgálatként zajlott (n = 85, átlagéletkor: 37,64, 91,8% nő). Az SSCI-8 mellett felvételre kerültek a szégyenélményt, a coeliakiás életminőséget, a jóllétet mérő kérdőívek. A kutatási célok tesztelése megerősítő faktorelemzéssel, korrelációs és mediációs elemzésekkel történt. Eredmények: Az SSCI-8 faktorelemzése során az egydimenziós modell megfelelő illeszkedést mutatott magas belső konzisztenciaértékek mellett. A mediációs modellek szerint a magasabb stigmatizáció a magasabb szégyenélményen keresztül járulhat hozzá a pszichés jóllét (coeliakiás életminőség, jóllét) csökkenéséhez. Megbeszélés: Az SSCI-8 rövid, átfogó kérdőívként megbízhatóan és érvényesen mérte a krónikus betegségben tapasztalt stigmatizációt a jelen coeliakiás mintán. Eredményeink alátámasztják, hogy a stigmatizáció és a szégyen fontos szerepet tölt be a jóllét csökkenésében. Következtetés: A nemzetközileg széles körben alkalmazott SSCI-8 adaptálására került sor, mely hazai kutatásokban és az egészségügyi ellátásban is hasznos mérőeszköz lehet. Az eredmények rávilágítanak, hogy a stigmatizáció és a szégyenélmény további kutatása szükséges, különösen a hatékony pszichoszociális intervenciók kifejlesztését megcélozva. Hatékony pszichológiai segítség révén a szégyen és a stigmatizáltság mérséklésével javulhat a coeliakiával élők fizikai és lelki állapota, ami a gluténmentes diéta betartása révén hozzájárulhat a betegség okozta tünetek és szövődmények mérsékléséhez. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(49): 1968–1976. Summary. Introduction: Coeliac disease can detrimentally affect well-being. Stigmatization related to a chronic disease can enhance physical and psychological symptoms and negatively influence health behaviour, hence, stigma in chronic diseases needs to be addressed. Objectives: Our main goal was to psychometrically evaluate the Hungarian adaptation of the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness-8 (SSCI-8). Further aim was to examine the mediating role of shame on the relationship between stigmatization and well-being aspects among individuals with coeliac disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data using online questionnaires based on self-reports (n = 85, mean age: 37.64 years, 91.8% women). Instruments assessed levels of stigmatization, shame experience, quality of life in coeliac disease and well-being. Confirmatory factor, correlation and mediation analyses were used. Results: Factor analysis showed adequate fit for a unidimensional model with high internal consistency. Mediation models showed that higher levels of stigmatization can contribute to decreased levels of quality of life in coeliac disease and well-being via increased levels of shame. Discussion: The SSCI-8 is a short, valid, reliable instrument measuring stigmatization in the current sample of people with coeliac disease. The results highlight the role of stigma and shame in the decrease of well-being. Conclusion: The adapted version of the SSCI-8 can be a useful tool in Hungarian research and healthcare. The results suggest that stigmatization and shame need further attention to develop effective intervention which can reduce their effect and enhance adherence to gluten-free diet and improve physical and psychological well-being. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(49): 1968–1976.
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Holmes, Scott, Melanie Baumhover e James Lockwood. "Safety Unseen: Leveraging Design to Improve Inpatient Mental Health-Care Practices". Creative Nursing 26, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2020): e48-e55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/crnr-d-20-00030.
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When a patient attacks a nurse, there is more than physical trauma that occurs. The consequences of the violence can manifest in anger, fear, anxiety, shame, blame, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms that can have negative effects on patient care and job satisfaction. In the past, design strategies in inpatient psychiatric centers upheld safety by erecting barriers between patients and staff, or over-using restraints and seclusion, strategies that communicated fear and distrust. Now, understanding of how people respond in a state of crisis is changing how care can be delivered in inpatient settings. Once seen as counterintuitive, eliminating physical barriers and opening connections between staff and patients are elevating safety by reducing the psychological walls that keep patients from feeling trusted and respected. By recognizing the human need to have choice and a sense of control in a world that feels out of proportion, health-care organizations can leverage design strategies that address aspects such as spatial density and zones of personal comfort, improving safety by elevating choice and dignity in a therapeutic healing environment.
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Constantinidou, Soteroula. "The Vision of Homer: The Eyes of Heroes and Gods". Antichthon 28 (1994): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066477400000824.
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It is evident’that references to eyes and vision in Homer are mainly formulaic. However, in a stimulating article J.P. Holoka discussed the Homeric formula ύπόδρα ίδών showing that ‘In all instances, the facial gesture ύπόδρα ίδών charges the speech it introduces with a decidedly minatory fervency and excitement: a threshold has been reached and such inflammable materials as wounded pride, righteous indignation, frustration, shame, and shock are nearing the combustion point.’ Homeric facial gestures may thus reflect aspects of character and reveal psychological situations; they may, in a way, substitute for acts and above all for words. This study, therefore, will attempt to concentrate, or rather to focus attention, on the eyes of Homeric heroes—and in some cases on those of gods—and where it is possible on their reflections of characters. In certain cases the way the Homeric heroes see and the subsequent details add one more dimension to the depiction of their characters; that is, the supplement to their acts and sayings3 makes for a better understanding of them.
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Drwal, Małgorzata, Katarzyna Głaszcz, Anna Taracha, Adrianna Krupa, Olga Padała e Ryszard Maciejewski. "Prevention of STI and teenage pregnancies through sex education". Polish Journal of Public Health 126, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2016): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjph-2016-0010.
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Abstract Different names are used when referring to sex education, as well as there are different ways to teach the subject. Yet, it remains an essential part of the school curriculum. Using different curricula may yield various results. The content of sex education classes is dependent on various cultural and social aspects, specific to the certain country. In Poland, sex education-related topics are brought up during classes of Introduction to Family Planning, as it is called in Polish. The Ministry of Education is responsible for shaping sex education policies. The curriculum mostly focuses on STI-related diseases (including HIV/AIDS), contraceptive methods and teen pregnancy issues. Unfortunately, psychological aspects of sex or sexual assault subjects are rarely discussed upon. As a result, sexual initiation often results in unwanted pregnancies or infections. Shame is a huge obstacle to effective communication on these topics between teens ant their parents. This shows the need for organizing educational meetings for parents or carers to help them start a conversation on this delicate subject with their kids. Sex education should be focused on presenting upright knowledge with medical accuracy, which will be an addition to the content provided by parents. Well-prepared teachers can have impact over lowering the rate of sexually transmitted infections and teenage pregnancies. Sex education has also a significant influence over promoting responsible sex and increasing teens’ awareness.
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Калайтан, Н. Л., А. О. Макаренко e Т. П. Старовойт. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕМОЦІЙНОЇ СФЕРИ СТУДЕНТІВ ТЕХНІЧНОГО ЗВО З РІЗНИМ РІВНЕМ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ЗРІЛОСТІ". Humanities journal, n.º 2 (29 de outubro de 2018): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/gch.2018.2.12.
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The article is devoted to the problem of psychological maturity of the individual. The basic theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of maturity of the person are considered.The concept of «maturity» correlates with the study of existential aspects of human life and is considered from the point of view of its significance for society. In the course of ontogeny, maturity acts as a criterion and a condition for the successful development of various social roles, statuses, biological and socially determined functions. Psychological maturity is defined in the narrow sense as an indicator of the work of sensory, mnemonic and intellectual functions of a person; in the broad sense – as a period of conscious regulation by a person of his own behavior, which involves the realization of man as a person.There are two main approaches to understanding the structure of psychological maturity of the individual. According to the first approach, the concept of mature personality can be described by such properties as synergy, autonomy, responsibility, contact, self-acceptance, decentralization, tolerance, depth of experiences, life philosophy and creativity. According to the second approach, the structural model of the person’s psychological maturity, which consists of cognitive, motivational and behavioral components, is considered. Formation of conditions for psychological maturity is an important task for mental development in youth.The article presents the results of studying the features of emotional sphere of students with different levels of psychological maturity. In the group of boys and girls with a high level of psychological maturity, emotional profiles dominated the emotions of interest and joy. Moderate levels of personal anxiety and reactive anxiety were diagnosed. Indicators of aggressiveness and hostility are slightly higher than average values. The dominant man infestation of aggression is a verbal form. Sufficient development of emotional intelligence for students with a high level of psychological maturity is revealed.In boys and girls with a low level of psychological maturity, the main emotions were interest, joy and shame. High levels of personal anxiety and reactive anxiety are revealed, as well as the general level of aggressiveness. The results of the study of emotional intelligence indicate low values for all scales, which in sum form the low integrative values.At a high level of psychological maturity, boys and girls are characterized by a higher level of cognitive activity, emotional stability, and developed emotional intelligence. On the contrary, boys and girls with a low level of psychological maturity are more likely to prevail in the emotional profile of negative emotional experiences, anxiety, negativism and self-inducing reactions.
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Rajan, MA Jothi, e M. Arul Sheeba Rani. "Influential ethical aspects of Covid19 in multidimensions". Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering 8, n.º 1 (26 de fevereiro de 2021): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2021.08.00248.
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The COVID19 pandemic poses an exceptional challenge for humanity. Because public behavior is key to curbing the pandemic at an early stage, it is important for social psychological researchers to use their knowledge to promote behaviors that help manage the crisis. Here, we identify human values as particularly important in driving both behavioral compliance to government guidelines and promoting prosocial behaviors to alleviate the strains arising from a prolonged pandemic. Existing evidence demonstrates the importance of human values, and the extent to which fellow citizens, for tackling the COVID19 crisis, share them. Individuals who attach higher importance to self‐transcendence (e.g., responsibility) and conservation (e.g., security) values are likely to be more compliant with COVID19 behavioral guidelines and to help others who are struggling with the crisis. Further, believing that fellow citizens share one's values has found to elicit a sense of connectedness that may be crucial in promoting collective efforts to contain the pandemic. The abstract nature of values, and cross-cultural agreement on their importance, suggests that they are ideally suited to developing and tailoring effective, global interventions to combat this pandemic
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Gryazeva, Elena, Olga Mayorova, Natalia Malchikova, Maria Nemkova e Marina Paravina. "International financial fraud: economic and psychological aspects, classification and ways of minimization". Economic Annals-ХХI 189, n.º 5-6(1) (10 de junho de 2021): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v189-02.
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The active use of the latest information technologies and non-cash payment forms has led to an increase in various types of fraud in the financial sector. Moreover, virtually all spheres of public relations now fall under the risk of fraudulent schemes, starting from financial credit and insurance and ending with foreign economic activity and the Internet. In addition, some other economic factors contribute to the significant spread of fraudulent schemes in modern conditions: a wide variety of new financial instruments (types of money, securities, financial services); rapid growth in financial transactions; leveling barriers to the unhindered movement of money, goods, and services in the process of globalization, which provokes an increase in transnational financial crime. Therefore, in search of tools to preserve existing and generate potential income, especially trusting investors fall into the traps of scammers. With the development of the current economic institutionalism, the principle of rationality in human economic behavior was no longer considered absolute, therefore, representatives of the institutional theory noted the irrational nature of human behavior, including in the field of economics and finance. Modern reality and economic practice are clear evidence of the truthfulness of this thesis. After all, despite the constant warnings of the mass media and other sources regarding various fraudulent schemes, as well as (paradoxically) often their own negative experience, citizens continue to invest in various kinds of fraudulent schemes. According to experts, the main reason is that «people will always strive for «easy» money, and it is unlikely that this desire will ever disappear» (Bruton, 2015). In this paper, we study the possibilities of preventing financial fraud on an international scale. In the context of the complexity of modern business processes, one of the most urgent problems has become the problem of activating the manifestations of corporate fraud. On average, companies lose about 5% of their profits due to corporate fraud, and the annual losses from such economic crimes amount to about USD 4 trillion on a global scale. In Russia, this figure reaches 15% (and we are talking only about losses made public by companies). The lion’s share of fraudulent schemes falls on the banking sector. The implementation of fraudulent schemes in the banking sector has certain features, in particular: fraudulent actions cause damage not only to banks and their depositors, but also negatively affect the stability of the financial system as a whole; such crimes are characterized by high latency, since managers, fearing for the business reputation of their bank, only in isolated cases turn to law enforcement agencies with appropriate statements; identifying the facts of financial fraud is very difficult since fraudsters (often not without the help of bank managers) hide their actions in every possible way and take measures to launder funds obtained by criminal means.
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Moutinho, A., A. V. Pereira e G. Jorge. "Augmentation mammoplasty and sexuality". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (março de 2011): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73380-6.
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The interest in breasts in our society can hardly escape the attention of even a casual observer. It has been found that women with larger breasts than the average were considered to be more physically attractive and have greater social outcomes.Some women consider themselves less beautiful or feminine because of the lack of “ideal” size and shape. This feeling of inadequacy may lead to lowered levels of self-esteem and sexuality.Although not extensively researched, psychologic factors have attributed to the dramatic increase in the number of performed breast augmentation procedures. As this number continues to rise it is important that healthcare providers comprehend the degree to sexuality may affect their patients’ outcomes.This review is designed to provide an overview of the psychological and sexuality literature on cosmetic breast augmentation. It seems to exist a positive effect of breast augmentation surgery on woman's sexuality, as well in other psychological aspects. This relation need to be explored further in future studies.
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Sverdlikova, Elena A. "PERCEPTION OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE RUSSIAN SEGMENT OF THE INTERNET". Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 25, n.º 2 (27 de julho de 2019): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2019-25-2-157-175.
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Many Russians, left without work, share their experiences on the Internet. It is interesting to analyze who unemployment chooses as its victims and how these unemployed perceive and assess the consequences of their situation. To answer these questions, a study was conducted using the method of content analysis. The study revealed how the problem of unemployment is reflected in Russian social networks. The intensity of the discussion of this problem in 2018 is increasing. There is a significant difference between the desired and the actual salary in the future workplace. Many applicants are faced a mismatch of skills obtained during their studies at the universities and those required by the employer. A special place in the comments takes the problem of the work experience and the specifics of its understanding by personnel services, management and applicants. An analysis of the comments’ information indicates that men are more dissatisfied with the labour market and inclined to “give up” falling into depression. They see more clearly the problems that hinder their successful employment and often perceive these problems as unsolvable. In general, the perception of the unemployment is related to the recognition of the accident and injustice of getting into the state of the unemployed. Therefore, people specifically create Internet-communities of support, where they share their hardships, but they can not find any valid reason for their current situation. The only rational explanation for this situation seems to be the primary attention in hiring to the kinship and friendship with the candidate or his/her entourage. There is a high level of despair and depression in the comments, which is due to the predominance of the “internal locus of control” in the mentality of Russians: they are used to control the situation in the sphere of work and labour relations. For many years, employment in the country has been very stable, and nowadays situation is seen by them as something inexplicable and uncontrollable.
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Prafitri, Tyas Ayu, Sunawan Sunawan e Kusnarto Kurniawan. "Konseling Kelompok Menggunakan Shame Attacking Exercise terhadap Peningkatan Keberanian Mengungkapkan Pendapat". Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application 8, n.º 1 (10 de junho de 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijgc.v8i1.19845.
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Tujuan dari penelitian ini membuktikan adakah pengaruh konseling kelompok dengan menggunakan shame attacking exercise terhadap peningkatan keberanian mengungkapkan pendapat siswa kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 5 Taman Pemalang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian menggunakan pre-eksperimetal design. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII B dengan jumlah 7 orang. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah skala psikologi dan menggunakan analisis wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada perubahan keberanian mengungkapkan pendapat pada siswa, sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti konseling kelompok, berubah dari kategori sedang menjadi tinggi. Meskipun pada penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perubahan pada siswa, jika dilihat dari tiap indikatornya, terdapat aspek yang tingkat perubahannya rendah. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh konseling kelompok dengan menggunakan shame attacking exercise terhadap peningkatan keberanian mengungkapkan pendapat siswa kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 5 Taman Pemalang. Sehingga untuk penelitian selanjutnya dapat lebih ditingkatkan lagi untuk tiap indikatornya agar didapatkan hasil yang lebih maksimal.
The purpose of this study was to prove whether there was an influence of group counseling by using shame attacking exercise to increase the students’ courage in expressing opinion in class VIII B SMP Negeri 5 Taman Pemalang. The type of this research was experimental research with pre-experimental research design. The subject of this research was 7 students of class VIII B. The data collection instrument used were psychological scale and wilcoxon test analysis. The result of the research showed that there was a change of the students’ courage in expressing opinion in before and after the group counseling, changed from moderate to high category. Although this research showed there was a change from the students, if it was seen from each its indicator, there was an aspect that had low changing level. It can be concluded that there was an influence of group counseling by using shame attacking exercise to increase the students’ courage in expressing opinion in class VIII B SMP Negeri 5 Taman Pemalang. Thus, the next research can be improved so each its indicator can get more maximal result.
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Boyers, Madeleine, Supriya Garikipati, Alice Biggane, Elizabeth Douglas, Nicola Hawkes, Ciara Kiely, Cheryl Giddings et al. "Period poverty: The perceptions and experiences of impoverished women living in an inner-city area of Northwest England". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 7 (14 de julho de 2022): e0269341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269341.
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Background The menstrual needs of girls and women are important to health, education, and well-being. Unmet need and harm from poor menstrual health in low-and- middle-income countries have been documented, but with little empirical research undertaken in high income countries. Continuing austerity in the UK suggests menstruators are likely more vulnerable to ‘period poverty’ than previously, with the COVID-19 pandemic assumed to exacerbate the situation. Aim To explore the menstrual experiences and perceptions of women in the UK who are living under circumstances of deprivation, alongside views of staff working in organisations supporting these women, to understand whether women’s menstrual needs are met. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in an inner-city in NW England. Three focus group discussions and 14 in-depth interviews were conducted across three study sites supporting impoverished women. Data was analysed thematically. Results Themes were: reflections on menstruation; affordability of products; access to public facilities; organisational support; potential solutions. Many women perceived menstruation as a burden in three aspects: physical discomfort and pain; psychological anxiety; and shame and stigma. Managing menstruation was difficult due to cost relative to low incomes, with food, heating and lighting prioritised, leaving women improvising with materials or wearing products for longer than desired. Most suggested that products should be free, often remarking if men required similar items this would happen. Most women were unaware supporting organisations provided free products. Staff felt the small range of products offered did not meet client needs and were ill-prepared to have conversations on products and clients’ menstrual needs. Conclusion Impoverished women lack the necessary resources to manage their menses well which negatively impacts their health and brings stress, embarrassment, and shame. Support, including access to free products, is needed at both local and national level to help impoverished women manage their menstrual hygiene.
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Bayer, Scott P. "Micah 1–3 and Cultural Trauma Theory: An Exploration". Open Theology 8, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2022): 492–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2022-0222.
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Abstract Trauma studies have seen rapid growth in popularity within the past two decades, moving from a psychological phenomenon to a concept utilized by literary critics, sociologists, and now biblical scholars. Yet, most of the work on trauma theory within biblical studies focuses on psychological aspects of trauma instead of sociological or cultural aspects of trauma. Drawing on Jeffery Alexander’s theory of cultural trauma, a cultural trauma reading of Micah 1–3 reveals how Micah 1–3 as a book transforms Micah’s localized psychological trauma to become a national trauma, explaining why scribes preserved Micah 1–3. Like holocaust testimony that became a cultural trauma, Micah’s testimony to his trauma became a trauma for all of Judea. To create a cultural trauma, Micah 1–3 define the trauma as divine punishment through an Assyrian invasion due to a breakdown of social order seen in the corrupt owners, rulers, and religious leaders. This cultural trauma then becomes one of the early texts to shape later biblical writers’ understanding of divine punishment. This article offers a different perspective of trauma theory and shows how cultural trauma theory explains why Micah 1–3 were preserved.
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Walach, Harald. "Placebo controls: historical, methodological and general aspects". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, n.º 1572 (27 de junho de 2011): 1870–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0401.
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Control conditions were introduced through the trial of Mesmerism in Paris. Placebo controls became codified standard in 1946. Although seemingly unchallenged, there are various problems with this received view. The notion of a placebo is only defined from the negative. A positive notion proposed that placebo effects are effects owing to the meaning an intervention has for an individual. Thus, placebo effects are individualized, whereas standard research paradigms reveal only grossly averaged behaviour. Also, placebo effects are context sensitive, dependent on psychological factors such as expectancy, relief of stress and anxiety, and hence can generate strong and long-lasting treatment effects. These, however, are not predictable. Such a situation can lead to the efficacy paradox: sometimes, sham interventions can be more powerful than proved, evidence-based treatments. This situation has methodological consequences. Placebo-controlled randomized trials reveal only part of the answer, whether an intervention is effective. This is valuable information for regulators, but not necessarily also for patients and of limited value for providers. Hence, I have argued that we need to complement the hierarchical model of evidence by a circular one, in which various methods are employed on equal footing to answer different questions.
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Lucassen, Leo. "Bringing Structure Back In". Social Science History 26, n.º 3 (2002): 503–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013079.
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Some questions can only be answered by numbers. Although migration has psychological, emotional, and political aspects, one of the key questions about migration, in the past or present, is “how much?” I share with other students of migration the belief that the level of mobility in any society is a crucial determinant of other qualities of that society.
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Monteiro, B., A. Galhardo, M. Cunha, M. Couto, F. Fonseca e L. Carvalho. "MindfulSpot: A mindfulness mobile app for people dealing with infertility". European Psychiatry 33, S1 (março de 2016): S609—S610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2279.
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IntroductionInfertility is not only a medical condition and its impact in mental health is well established. Although most couples facing fertility problems and the demands of medical treatment are able to adjust, some of them may show psychological difficulties with clinical relevance, such as depression and anxiety. The Mindfulness Based Program for Infertility (MBPI) is a group intervention designed for infertile women and data from its efficacy study revealed impact in depressive symptoms reduction as well as in internal and external shame, entrapment and defeat. Based on the MBPI, a mindfulness app targeting infertile patients was developed – the MindfulSpot.AimsThis study addresses the MindfulSpot development.MethodsThe MindfulSpot is a prototype mobile app, which seeks to offer the chance of practicing mindfulness in a comfortable and accessible way. This app covers informative audio and written texts. The audio contents correspond to mindfulness formal practices and suggestions for informal practice, making possible its use throughout different moments of the day. Beyond the practices mentioned above, users are invited to explore the informative menu, including information on the impact that infertility may have in several aspects of the patients’ lives.ResultsThe efficacy of the MindfulSpot is still under analysis and results are expected to be available soon.ConclusionsThe MindfulSpot was designed as a medium for training mindfulness skills and it includes useful information regarding specific aspects of the emotional impact of infertility. Additionally to its independent use, it may also be used as a support tool of the MBPI.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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RAGACHEWSKAYA, Marina. "POETICS OF DESIRE IN D.H. LAWRENCE’S SHORTER FICTION". Astraea 2, n.º 1 (2021): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/astraea.2021.2.1.04.
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Desire is a specific subject of research in many areas, including literary studies and text analysis. The representation of desire in fiction is an inseparable part of the sub-genre of psychological prose; its interpretation by readers and scholars requires an interdisciplinary approach and relies on psychoanalytic theories and terminology for elucidation. Shorter psychological fiction – novellas and short stories – depend on the authors’ mastery of language use, while the formal textual length is limited. Therefore, the study of desire encoded in a short fictional piece is both difficult due to laconism and suggestiveness, and fruitful as a revelation of most subtle nuances of human nature through the examination of artistic discourse. D.H. Lawrence’s novellas and short stories articulate desire as the unconscious wish to obtain the object of love. It is the merit of the writer’s art to employ various artistic means that may serve as the manifest content. Interpreting imagery and symbolism, bodily consciousness and characters’ “syncopated” dialogues, opens up such aspects of a textual embodiment of desire as its elusiveness, impossibility to verbalize and often its “forbidden” nature. Instead, the Ragachewskaya Marina writer resorts to heavy suggestiveness, gaps and silences to be filled with the reader’s intuitive or professional knowledge, meaning-charged adjectives, metaphors and analytical intrusions. Examples from a selection of D.H. Lawrence’s short fictional works reveal defense mechanisms that balance the fulfilment of desire. The mastery of D.H. Lawrence’s shorter fiction rests on the skill to reveal the unnamable, to show the inner conflict working through desire fulfilment, to bring to consciousness the shame, guilt and pleasure irrespective of moral judgment.
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Moore, Jo Ellen, e Mary Sue Love. "An Examination of Prestigious Stigma". International Journal of Social and Organizational Dynamics in IT 1, n.º 2 (abril de 2011): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsodit.2011040101.
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This paper examines “technology geek” through the social psychological lens of stigma. The research expands on an aspect of stigma that can materialize in work settings but has not been fully explicated in prior stigma theory, namely, prestige. The authors argue that a stigma may be worn with pride rather than shame, typified by the case of the technology geek, called “prestigious stigma.” The theory building focuses on interactions between the technology geek and others in the organization, positing that prestigiously stigmatized individuals behave in ways that differ from what social psychologists have generally posited for the stigmatized. This effort culminates in a model of mixed interaction involving the technology geek, which extends prior stigma theory and provides insights for practice and future research regarding technology professionals in organizations.
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Pravettoni, Gabriella, Sara Gandini, Giuseppe Curigliano, Alessandra Gorini, Ketti Mazzocco, J. Gordon McVie e Elisabetta Munzone. "ALGA: A cancer patient profiling tool to improve physician-patient communication—An analysis in breast cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, n.º 15_suppl (20 de maio de 2013): 9582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.9582.
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9582 Background: Considerable improvement of communication between physicians and patients (pts) will need to occur as personalised medicine becomes the norm. An accurate profile of the pt’s cognitive and psychological status should help the physician shape his language and his messages to maximise the pt’s understanding of her management options. To this aim a computerized tool (ALGA questionnaire) has been created and validated. Methods: The validation process produced a questionnaire with 4 main factors: Health State Perception, Psychological, Psychosocial and Cognitive aspects. To test its ability to discriminate between healthy people and pts, ALGA has been administered to 50 newly diagnosed primary Breast Cancer (BC) pts prior to their first visit with the oncologist to discuss their adjuvant treatment, and to 50 healthy women (age range:20-60), using an iPad. Results: A multivariate analysis showed a significant difference between BC pts and healthy women relatively to the four aforementioned broad areas: Psychosocial (F(1,56)=13.42, p<.001), Cognitive (F(1,56)=6.53, p<.01), and Psychological Aspect (F(1,56)=2.77, p=.05). ALGA detected pts with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Pts tended to ruminate more than healthy subjects. Finally, pts showed higher level of positive Health State Perception, suggesting a dissociation between cancer illness and general health. Cognitive and Psychological aspects and Health State Perception interacted with participants’ level of education (respectively: F(1,56)=12.23, p<.001; F(1,56)=4.58, p<.05; F(1,56)=7.9, p<.05). Starting from this results a personal profile for each pt was created. Conclusions: The ALGA confirmed ability to discriminate between healthy people and BC pts, and is a good tool to create a personal pt’s profile with which physicians can empower patient with tailored knowledge. Starting from ALGA questionnaire, a smart environment is being implemented as a decision support infrastructure to help communication, interaction and information delivery process from doctor to patient, influencing patient’s quality of life and satisfaction.
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Bonai, Julija. "Psychological and Ontological Aspects of Causality According to the Philosophy of Sāṃkhya and the Philosophy of Gilles Deleuze". Deleuze and Guattari Studies 12, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2018): 104–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dlgs.2018.0298.
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Sāṃkhya, or the philosophy of Yoga, is considered to be one of the most influential traditional philosophies in India. A close reading of it can lead to the conclusion that Sāṃkhya's and Deleuze's philosophy share similar ontological assumptions, especially regarding the material field of immanence that manifests itself through every mode of being. Both philosophies assume modes or degrees of material coexistence that extend from the virtual, potential field of immanence, as something conditional and causal, to actual manifestation that is more or less structured, graspable and shaped. Additionally, they both consider the human psyche to be material that, as materiality itself, manifests itself through different modes of (un)conscious existence. On the other hand, they also share the assumption about the transcendental field of impersonal consciousness immersed in the material field of immanence. This paper identifies and explains the causal relationship among these different modes of being from the point of view of a particular understanding of time, and offers insight into how the comprehension of causality could be implied in ethical theory.