Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Province Saint-Joseph de Belgique"

This article presents a new relative chronology for the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) of the Meuse basin. Divided into six main phases, the sequence is based on analysis of decorated ceramics from sixteen sites in Belgium and two sites in Holland. Eleven of the Belgian sites are located in Hesbaye, the province with the densest LBK settlement. The other five sites form an outlying group in Hainaut, a little over 100 km to the west. The two Dutch sites are located in southern Limburg, about 50 km north-east of Hesbaye. Fine-ware ceramics were coded for rim, main and intermediate decoration motifs, employing a classification system previously developed in work on the LBK in Lorraine, with particular attention paid to the various techniques used for impressed decoration. The new Meuse basin sequence was established using 165 assemblages containing at least eight decoration motifs, representing a total of 5 101 coded motifs. In a majority of cases, these assemblages were formed by grouping ceramics from lateral pits of houses. Correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to seriate the assemblages and to define phases and sub-phases. By comparing quantitative trends in decoration motifs, the new Meuse chronology can be synchronized with the Langweiler (Aldenhoven plateau), Lorraine and Seine basin LBK sequences, not only enabling a finer characterization of each regional style but also enhancing the view of interactions between the different groups in the study zone. During the early LBK, the period that sees the first settlements in Hesbaye and north Lorraine, the Flomborn style prevails throughout the Rhine basin. When this cultural entity breaks down, decoration evolves in each region in a different manner. In the middle LBK, the Langweiler area, Dutch Limburg and Belgium form a coherent complex, termed the Rhine-Meuse style, characterized by bands delimited by incised lines and filled with rows of point impressions, which is the majority decoration. In the Moselle basin, as in southern Hessia, the Main style prevails, predominately with bands filled with transverse, crossed or longitudinal incised lines, while in the Seine basin the Champagne region is closely linked in stylistic terms to southern Alsace. The late LBK sees further regional differences, notably with the appearance of the Leihgestern style on the upper course of the Lahn, in central Hessia, and the emergence of the Cologne style in the lower Rhine. The Belgian LBK remains relatively unaffected by these processes and maintains its originality by developing the excessively broad curvilinear motifs, composed of bands filled with incised lines or with multiple-tooth (three or more teeth) comb impressions. These motifs characterize the Omalian style. In north Lorraine, the Main style remains important but the region is now split into two, with on the right bank of the Moselle a strong presence of the Oberrhein-Pfalz style, whose epicentre lies in the Palatinate, and on the left bank a predominance of Omalian influences. These favoured stylistic relations are also reflected by the circulation of lithic raw materials : on the middle and lower course of the Moselle, most of the flint tool-kit is made from blades in Maastrichtian and Campanian flint, imported from the Meuse basin as semi-finished products. In return, one finds in Hainaut, on the site of Blicquy “ Petite Rosière”, Moselle-type motifs in noticeably higher numbers than attested elsewhere in Belgium. In the same period, on the upper course of the Moselle, the LBK of south Lorraine is linked to northern Alsace, while the Champagne LBK maintains its preferential relations with southern Alsace. Throughout the late LBK, there is only limited interaction and exchange between these two groups and the Meuse, lower Rhine and middle Moselle. In the final LBK, the situation is more difficult to assess because the documentation varies in quality from one region to another. At this time, the Langweiler area is apparently abandoned by the LBK, while the Omalian-style LBK still flourishes in Hesbaye and to a lesser extent in Hainaut. On the middle course of the Rhine, new cultural entities appear, with the emergence of the Hinkelstein group on the Neckar and in the northern Palatinate, and the development of the Plaidt style on the lower course of the Moselle, from the Rhine confluence up to Luxembourg. A particular style appears in north Lorraine, derived from the Oberrhein-Pfalz style, while in south Lorraine another original style develops, combining elements from southern and northern Alsace as well as from north Lorraine. In the Seine basin, the LBK spreads northwards and westwards out of Champagne, settling the middle and lower courses of the Aisne and Yonne. Here again, one sees the formation of an original style, characterized by T motifs and predominant use of two-or threetoothed combs, at a time when combs with four or more teeth are more frequently used on the Meuse. At this stage, there is virtually no exchange between the Meuse and the Seine, while the middle Moselle distances itself stylistically from the Omalian but still imports large numbers of blades in Campanian flint from Hesbaye. The preferential relations maintained between Belgium and north Lorraine during the LBK apparently cease in the terminal LBK stage. At this time, the Blicquy-Villeneuve-Saint-Germain (BVSG) culture appears in the Seine basin and in Belgium, possibly slightly earlier in Hainaut than in Hesbaye. The emergence and subsequent development of this new stylistic entity represents a significant change, because there is relatively little evidence for contacts between Belgium and the Seine basin during the previous LBK phases. In the terminal LBK, the Moselle basin finds a new supply of raw material in the Secondary and Tertiary flint of Champagne. The early BVSG site of Reims-Tinqueux shows that this “ economic” exchange is also accompanied by some stylistic interaction.

The Ecclesiastical Province of Cambrai may sound unfamiliar to modern readers. The bishopric of Cambrai dates to the sixth century but only became an archdiocese and, consequently, the centre of a church province in the sixteenth century. The elevation of the see resulted from the heavily contested reorganization of the diocesan map of the Low Countries by King Philip II in 1559. The new province included the medieval sees of Arras, Cambrai and Tournai, as well as the newly created bishoprics of Saint-Omer and Namur. Its borders were established to encompass the French-speaking Walloon provinces in the south of the Low Countries, territories that are now divided between France and Belgium.1 In the early modern period, this area was already a border and transit zone between France, the Low Countries, the Holy Roman Empire and the British Isles. The province’s history in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was deeply marked by recurrent and devastating warfare between the kings of Spain and France, eventually resulting in the transfer of significant territory to France.2 However, the Province of Cambrai was also the scene of frequent cross-border mobility, and a safe haven for Catholic exiles originating from the British Isles, France and other parts of the Low Countries.

The origin of the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, or U.S.J., dates back to the Seminar of Ghazir founded by the Jesuit Fathers in 1843. The College of Ghazir, established with the intention of training the local Maronite clergy, was transferred to Beirut in 1875. This center for higher studies was named Saint-Joseph University. Pope Leo XIII, in his audience of February 25, 1881, confers the title of pontificalUniversityontheU.S.J. The present article deals with the historical context of the U.S.J., the firstgreatFrench-speaking Jesuit institution in the area which, at the time, bore the name of “Syria.” We studied the historical context for the creation of the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, located in a province of the Ottoman Empire coveted by the future mandatory power, France. This paper intends to show that after decades of conflict,Catholicsandrepublicansin the empire ultimately buried many of their disagreements by embracing a notion of French civilization that melded both Catholic and republican ideals. Focusing on the much-neglected intersection of politics, religion, and imperialism, it offers a new understanding of both the nature of French culture and politics at the findesiècle, as well as the power of the colonial experience to reshape European‘s most profound beliefs.

The origin of the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, or U.S.J., dates back to the Seminar of Ghazir founded by the Jesuit Fathers in 1843. The College of Ghazir, established with the intention of training the local Maronite clergy, was transferred to Beirut in 1875. This center for higher studies was named Saint-Joseph University. Pope Leo XIII, in his audience of February 25, 1881, confers the title of pontificalUniversityontheU.S.J. The present article deals with the historical context of the U.S.J., the firstgreatFrench-speaking Jesuit institution in the area which, at the time, bore the name of “Syria.” We studied the historical context for the creation of the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, located in a province of the Ottoman Empire coveted by the future mandatory power, France. This paper intends to show that after decades of conflict,Catholicsandrepublicansin the empire ultimately buried many of their disagreements by embracing a notion of French civilization that melded both Catholic and republican ideals. Focusing on the much-neglected intersection of politics, religion, and imperialism, it offers a new understanding of both the nature of French culture and politics at the findesiècle, as well as the power of the colonial experience to reshape European‘s most profound beliefs.

En 1848, du lointain Kamouraska arrive au tout neuf noviciat des Clercs de Saint-Viateur de L’Industrie (Joliette), un jeune homme de 26 ans : cours classique, expérience d’enseignement, profonde piété, talents pour les sciences et l’architecture. La communauté lui permet de développer ses dons. À L’Industrie, à Chambly, à Rigaud, à Victoria. 1868, Mgr Bourget l’envoie lever les plans de Saint-Pierre de Rome qu’il veut reproduire en petit à Montréal. C’est la maquette de Joseph Michaud qui fera décider la construction de la cathédrale de Montréal. Sa notoriété gagnera toute la province : églises, couvents, maisons privées, laboratoires, musée, collections, etc. Qui donc est ce clerc du bas-relief du monument de Mgr Bourget devant la cathédrale de Montréal, déployant des plans devant l’évêque en présence de quelques personnages dont l’un (Victor Bourgeau) a les bras croisés? Qui donc est ce jeune homme de 26 ans qui, en 1848, descend du « steamboat » de Lanoraie et arrive, peut-être à pied - car il en est capable - à L’Industrie (premier nom de Joliette), où le reçoit une communauté religieuse qui vient à peine de s’installer en terre canadienne? Qui donc est ce jeune homme « extrêmement timide » toute sa vie, qui nous arrive, mystérieusement dirait-on, de l’une des aînées de nos paroisses canadiennes-françaises, Kamouraska? C’est Joseph Michaud.

The origin of the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, or USJ, dates back to the Seminar of Ghazir founded by the Jesuit Fathers in 1843. The College of Ghazir, established with the intention of training the local Maronite clergy, was transferred to Beirut in 1875. This centre for higher studies was named Saint-Joseph University. In his audience of 25 February 1881, Pope Leo XIII conferred the title of Pontifical University on the USJ.This article deals with the history of the USJ, the first great French-speaking Jesuit institution in the area which, at the time, bore the name of “Syria”. (The term Syria is used henceforth to represent the geographical entity of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which includes Syria and Lebanon of the present.) The underlying reasons for the creation of Saint-Joseph University of Beirut have to do with its being located in a province of the Ottoman Empire coveted by the future mandatory power, France. By the 1870s, the Ottoman Empire was being preserved chiefly by the competition between the European powers, all of whom wanted chunks of it. The Ottoman territory, like the territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, encompassed a great many ethnic groups whose own nationalism was also stirring. Under Ottoman rule, the region of the Levant developed economic and religious ties with Europe. Open to the West, it became a hotbed of political strife between various foreign nations including France, Russia and Britain. These powerful countries assumed the protection of certain ethnic and religious groups, with France supporting the Christian Maronites and Britain supporting the Druzes.

This historical research tries to analyze the influence exerted by Saint Peter of Alcantara among the peninsular nobility in the middle of the 16th century. The founder of the province of Saint Joseph of the Discalced Franciscans, ate at the table of many men and women of the aristocracy of Extremadura. At the beginning of the 17th century, when transferred to the Court of Philip III, they accurately remembered those shared meals in their ancestral homes and the devotion professed by their parents, who acted as hosts. In 1616 and 1618, some testified in the cause for his canonization. In them, the image of Saint Peter remained very much alive, the austerity of his life, the poverty of his clothes, the frugality of his meals, the fleeting nature of his sleep. In some cases, the fame of sanctity and miracles of the penitent reached other noble houses in Madrid. In their need, they also entrusted themselves, trusting in his intercession, as they indicated in the testimonial evidence of the canonical investigation.

AbstractThis contribution deals with a manuscript, containing lecture notes made in 1827–1828 by a Ghent student named Callenfels and relating to the lectures on ius publicum universale et Belgicum, given by Jacob Joseph Haus (1796–1881), professor of jurisprudence at Ghent University and native of Würzburg. As the course programme of the law faculties in the southern provinces required courses in natural law as well as in ius publicum and ius gentium, the assumption has been put forward these lectures would be restricted to the ius publicum universale such as lectured in many German law faculties in the 18th century. On further examination of the manuscript under consideration this presumption proves to be wrong. After the first 13 sections, which refer in fact to the ius publicum naturale in an enlightened sense, the remaining 253 sections outline the then positive constitutional law of the Netherlands, mainly on the basis of the Dutch written constitution of 1815.

There are very few Catholic churches in Thailand that conserve wooden structures.Take St.Paul in Muang District, Chachoengsao Province located on the east of Bangkok as an example, it was built by Bishop Pallegoix Jean-Baptise the Vicar Apostolic of Siam in 1840. The first church was made of bamboo and the other wood. In 1873, Father Schmidt Francois-Joseph bought a piece of land and built the third one with concrete including wooden structures such as priest quarters, a bell tower, a rest pavilion on the Bang Pakong River, a granary, a school building, all of which were designed by a French priest in colonial architecture and constructed by Chinese workers. As the time passes, heritage buildings have been deteriorating. However, their conservation plans have been launched, and most of them have been implemented. Most of the structures were constructed of teak that can adapt itself to the weather. Another property of wood is that it can be deconstructed and reconstructed with or without changing its former architectural style.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: conservation; cultural heritage; architecture; community

La Zone sismique de Charlevoix-Kamouraska (ZSCK) est la plus active de l'est du Canada. En dépit de cette forte activité, la récente colonisation du Québec limite les archives sismiques historiques aux 400 dernières années. Au Québec, plusieurs séismes provenant de la ZSCK et la Zone sismique de l'Outaouais (ZSO) ont atteint une magnitude égale ou supérieure à 6 sur l'échelle de Richter et ont causé des glissements de terrain depuis la déglaciation (Lamontagne, 1987). Reconstituer l'activité des zones sismiques au sud du Québec est donc primordial pour la gestion des risques naturels de la région, vu l'établissement d'une grande densité de population sur les argiles sensibles des mers postglaciaires. L'utilisation d'échosondeurs multifaisceaux permet la cartographie complète à haute résolution de la morphologie et l'identification de la dynamique sédimentaire dans les bassins lacustres. De façon complémentaire, les profils de sous-surface établissent un cadre stratigraphique alors que les carottes sédimentaires fournissent d'importantes informations sur les taux et processus de déposition. L'utilisation d'une telle approche dans le Lac Maskinongé, le Lac Mékinac, le Lac-aux-Sables et le Lac Saint-Joseph, tous situés sous l'influence de la ZSCK et/ou la ZSO, permet de reconstituer l'histoire sismique postglaciaire à partir des enregistrements sédimentaires de mouvements de masse subaquatiques présents dans leur bassin. Les données acquises entre 2012 et 2014 indiquent que ces bassins lacustres ont tous été fortement perturbés par des mouvements de masse subaquatiques durant l'Holocène, soit de la déglaciation à aujourd'hui et, ce, sur ≥ 36% de leur superficie. En utilisant les taux de sédimentation dérivés de l'activité radio-isotopique du 210Pb, lesquels varient entre 0,07 cm/an et 0,18 cm/an selon le lac, trois épisodes de tremblements de terre majeurs ont pu être datés : 1) lors de la déglaciation (vers 12,4 à 10,1 Ka BP dans la région d'étude) (par ex. : Shaw et al., 2006; Occhietti et al., 2011); 2) vers 810 ± 370 AD; et 3) 1663 AD (M ≥ 7) (Lamontagne, 1987; Locat, 2011). Les résultats suggèrent aussi qu'un tremblement de terre de forte intensité s'est produit vers 810 ± 370 AD, indiquant que le centre-sud du Québec peut être aussi soumis à d'importants séismes.

Notre mémoire s’intéresse au fonds de tableaux Desjardins, plus spécifiquement aux œuvres acquises par les paroisses rurales du Bas-Canada entre 1817 et 1833, dans l’optique d’une utilisation à des fins surpassant la seule ornementation. D’abord, il s’attarde à la situation de l’Église catholique au sein de la colonie au tournant du XIXe siècle, moment de l’arrivée des tableaux. Ensuite, il démontre l’intérêt des ecclésiastiques du Bas-Canada à l’égard des images et leur conscience des services qu’elles peuvent rendre à la religion. Ultimement, par le biais des ensembles constitués par les paroisses de Saint-Henri de Lévis et Saint-Antoine de la Baie-du-Febvre, notre étude définit les moyens habilitant les toiles du fonds de tableaux Desjardins à supporter les pratiques dévotionnelles et à participer à l’instruction catéchistique des fidèles de la colonie.

Abstract In his extensive study of the charitable foundations of Bons-Enfants, many or most of which provided training in grammar and the liberal arts, J. M. Reitzel regretted the absence of information about the back- ground and careers of the boys who were actually housed or held burses in these institutions. He made this observation in the context of the houses of Bons-Enfants at Paris, which unlike their equivalents in other cities and towns throughout northern France and Belgium housed students preparing for the baccalaureate and master degrees in arts, having already completed their training in grammar. Information, how- ever, on a few scholars who belonged to one of the Bons-Enfants at Paris is extant, and can, in some cases, be combined with other documentation to provide an enriched picture of their careers. This information also sheds light on the administrative structure and financial position of the foundation, its relation to the University of Paris, and the type of young person who belonged to Bons-Enfants. The information is contained in a document describing actions taken at the Collège des Bons-Enfants de Saint-Victor in 1331. This college was the oldest of three houses in Paris that were called Bons-Enfants and was the one Parisians referred to by that name. The second oldest was the Parisian house of the Bons- Enfants d’Arras, a foundation of the bishop of Arras that provided students from that diocese, many of whom were trained in a grammar school of the same name in Arras, with support needed for their subsequent study in the arts faculty at Paris. The third was the house of poor scholars of Saint-Honoré, whose foundation predated that of the Bons-Enfants de Saint-Victor but which did not bear the title Bons-Enfants until the mid- dle or second half of the fourteenth century.