Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Protohistory"
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DeWitt, Lowery Daniel. "Towards a poetics of protohistory : Genesis 4.17_22 in its Ancient cognitive environment". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528066.
Texto completo da fonteChevalier, Solène. "La mer vue de la terre : la côte tyrrhénienne orientale (1600-500 av.n.è.)". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP054.
Texto completo da fonteThe Eastern Tyrrhenian coast held a central position in Mediterranean trade dynamics. Between circa 1600 and 500 BC, this territory was inhabited by culturally well-defined communities, namely the Etruscans, Latin and Italic populations, and Western Greeks. In adopting a broad chronological framework covering over a millennium, this thesis aims to shed light on continuity and interruption phenomena within communication networks as well as in coastal settlement processes. These latter mechanisms are indeed perceptible through notions of appeal, rejection and indifference that weighed in occupation choices of the Tyrrhenian littoral. By establishing reference templates and studying the materiality of coastal dwellings, this analysis offers an innovative synthesis of regional settlement dynamics as early as the Middle Bronze Age, with a particular emphasis on the exploitation of natural resources and the emergence of complex maritime, land and fluvial networks. Though the Eastern Tyrrhenian coast has been repeatedly mentioned in previous publications all lack a core feature regarding its coastlines and its characteristics as an interface between sea and land. Pre-Roman ports constitute a striking example; even though they are considered as crucial meeting points of maritime and land-based networks, they are barely known and studied. Past research has thus had a hard time associating maritime and land-based communication networks and has overlooked the actual parameters of maritime exchanges, leading to a poor understanding of harbors and port activities, however central they are to Archaic Tyrrhenian trades. By addressing the construction of Tyrrhenian coastal territories through the prism of networks, several insular and peninsular systems appear. Recent analysis reveals that coastal territories turn their focus towards inland networks, meaning that seaside activities emanate essentially from local and regional systems. The backdrop to Eastern Tyrrhenian coastal studies is therefore land-based above all and not maritime. This thesis positions itself within the continuity of the past forty years of research that has helped to develop a landscape archaeology framework while adopting a new prism and revising the traditional approach to the littoral without challenging past assertions
Jelinek, Lauren Elizabeth. "The Protohistoric Period in the Pimería Alta". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222842.
Texto completo da fonteOliach, Fàbregas Meritxell. "L'aigua i la protohistòria des de l'Ebre fins a l'Hérault. Sistemes d'abastiment i evacuació (segles XI-II ane)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/111093.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this study is to expand our knowledge of the different water management solutions devised by humankind. We examine and study the main water-related structures built throughout prehistory in the different territories of the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Catalonia and Aragon, and the coastal lands of southern Gallia as far as Hérault. The paper is based on a detailed morphological, spatial and functional study of water supply, distribution and drainage structures. It situates the various elements and structures within the global operating system of the villages, with the aim of evaluating the social and utilitarian significance of the water management constructions and following their developmental process in the different territories during this earliest period of history.
Lespes, Carole. "Pratiques alimentaires et agropastorales à la fin de l’Age du Bronze et aux débuts de l’Age du Fer en Languedoc : du littoral aux premiers contreforts méridionaux du Massif Central". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30042.
Texto completo da fonteArchaeozoological data are incomplete in Languedoc at the end of the Final Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age (IX-Vth c. BC). Therefore, this study was conducted to provide new perspectives on diet during this poorly documented period. The study concerns faunal remains from habitat sites in the Languedoc region located on the Mediterranean coast and in the hinterland of the southern foothills of the Massif Central. Archaeozoological analysis coupled with the analysis of dental micro-wear of ruminants has led to a better understanding of the feeding practices of these rural societies confronted with the proto-urban phenomenon. The meat resource is essentially based on animal husbandry, particularly of goats, and management strategies for specific herds are emerging. Hunting is practiced but in a more opportunistic context than out of necessity. Neither the location of sites on the coast or in mountainous landscapes, nor the diachronicity of occupations influence feeding practices. It seems that each site has its own characteristics, with choices linked more to local components mixing culture, opportunity, taste preferences, status of the populations, etc.Keywords: Archaeozoology, Protohistory, Dental microwear, Languedoc
González, Moratinos Sara. "Antropología del parentesco en Babilonia. Estudio de los grupos consanguíneos y residenciales en el periodo paleobabilónico". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458763.
Texto completo da fonteIn anthropology, kinship is the web of social relations based on affinity (through marriage) and descendant (through filiation). These main principles create a pyramidal structure of kinship. The subject of this PhD. is the study of the first group, the consanguineal and residencital group, in the Old Babylonian Period in the cities of the kingdom of Ešnunna (Ešnunna, Šaduppum, Nerebtum/Kiti and Me-Turan), the Northern Babylonia (Babylon, Kiš, the Mananaia dynasty, Dilbat, Lagaba, Sippar-Amnanum, Sippar-Yahrurum and Marad), the center (Nippur, Isin, Kisurra and Maškan-Šapir) and the South (Ur, Uruk, Larsa, Lagas and Kutalla). The study of this group is based on the analysis of the marriage, the descendent rules (in this case patrilineal groups), the residencial pautes (mainly patrilocal), the family types (nuclear or conjugal family, polygynous family, fraternal family, stem family, extended family and matrifocal family), and the kinship terminology (which shows two kinship terminology, one Sudanese kinship terminology for reference use, and other Hawaiian kinship terminology for the appealing use). We have studied this subject through legal texts (law codes, scholastic documents and private legal documents), economic (the family is attested by the usual transactions such exchanges, sales, contracts for sustenance, debts, etc.), administrative (the family occasionally appears in administrative lists, like rations lists or deportations lists), and literary texts (mythological compositions, hymns, prayers, wisdom literature, etc.). On the other hand we have examined some of the archaeological remains to know the residential patterns as far as possible.
Meunier, Emmanuelle. "Évolutions dans l'exploitation minière entre le second âge du Fer et le début de la période romaine dans le Sud-Ouest de la Gaule : le cas du district pyrénéen à cuivre argentifère du Massif de l'Arize". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20071.
Texto completo da fonteMining archaeology, in a continual dialogue with Earth and Environment Sciences, aims to define the different aspects of mining exploitations, replacing them within their chronological context. This work, focussed on the study of the Pyrenean district for argentiferous copper of the Arize Mountains, attempts to shed light on the environmental, technical and socio-economical contexts of this activity, through the prism of mining archaeology, associated with pedo-anthracological and geological approaches. These approaches remained on an exploratory level but open on very diverse prospects.The field work carried out as part of these investigations led to indentify three stages of ancient activity in the Arize district. The first one, between the 4th and 3rd century BC, brings new data about a widely unknown period in the region. The second one, between the end of the 2nd century BC and the reign of Augustus, allows thinking about the modalities and rhythms of the integration of this district in the Transalpine Gaul. The third one, in the 14th century, comes under a completely different historical context and leads to question the reasons of the interruption of mining after the reign of Augustus. Taking into account the other mines known and studied in the south-West of Gaul allows us to identify the special features or the similarities between the Arize district and regional mines, from the second Iron Age to the High Roman Empire. Some comparisons with other districts well characterised in Gaul or Iberian Peninsula contribute to determine the local, regional or European dynamics acting in the evolution of mining activity in the South-West of Gaul during Antiquity
Pagnoux, Clemence. "Émergence, développement et diversification de l'arboriculture en Grèce du Néolithique à l'époque romaine : confrontation des données archéobotaniques, morphométriques, épigraphiques et littéraires". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H054/document.
Texto completo da fonteLittle is known concerning the history of arboriculture in Greece; only the grapevine and the olive tree have been a subject of interest for a long time. The aim of this work is to understand how fruit trees were cultivated in Greece between the Neolithic and the Roman period. This is why published archaeobotanical data (seeds and fruits) from 56 sites were taken into account in our synthesis. A survey of all references to fruits and fruit trees in epigraphic documents (Mycenaean and classic Greek) and in ancient authors has also been achieved. Archaeological pips and stones were submitted to Geometric Morphometry. Our approach reveals how fruit trees were used from the Neolithic up to the Roman period; while the grapevine, the olive tree and the fig tree predominate ail the time, it is clear that the importance of certain wild fruits decreases after the Bronze Age as new others are introduced. The first domesticated grapevines appear during the Bronze Age while a single selected variety of olive tree is present from the early Bronze Age to the Roman period. The first manifestations of arboriculture concern woodland edges and partially cleared land plots, real fruit tree plantations appear during the late Bronze Age, at the latest. Extensive vineyards appear during the Classical period, while a more specialized agriculture aiming at maximum profit characterizes the Roman period, as testified by the works on agronomy and the search for new varieties of olives and grapevines. Despite the search for higher yields, the use of less selected domesticates and wild fruits remains a reality until the roman period
Marchiaro, Stefano. "Il grande abitato di Fossano (Provincia di Cuneo, Piemonte) e la transizione Bronzo/Ferro nell’Italia nord-occidentale". Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE4034.
Texto completo da fonteDuring the last thirty years the historic center of Fossano (Cuneo, Piedmont, Italy) has undergone numerous archaeological excavations and survey as a result of many construction works related to the development of the city. These operations have never been programmed, but always related to emergency situations or preventive archaeology. The study of each site imposed an early-depth analysis of the applied methods of intervention and excavation. In most cases, the stratigraphic analysis is linked to the archaeological material, which, in the absence of proper prehistorical levels or structures, is the only element that has allowed us to date the early moments of occupation of the site. The beginning of a permanent human presence on the Fossano plateau is Probably dated to the end of the 11th century BC (Ha B1 in the Swiss plateau), with its peak during the transition between the Italian Bronze age and Iron age. The ceramic group of Fossano is located in the final Italian Bronze age in the Northwest of Italy, intermediate between the culture of Protogolasecca of Lombardy and eastern Piedmont and the RSFO culture. In these territories, in the extreme north-west of Italy, the RSFO influences are very strong, especially from the western territories of Switzerland and the eastern regions of France. The specific characteristics of western Piedmont making it more similar to the northern Alpine complex as those of the Italian peninsula; playing a fundamental role in the relations between the two sides of the Alpes during the prehistory
Mateu, Sagués Marta. "Estudi de la terra crua durant la primera edat del ferro al nord-est de la península Ibèrica des de les perspectives micromorfològica i tipològica. Els materials del jaciment de Sant Jaume (Alcanar, Montsià)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397708.
Texto completo da fonteWith this thesis we value one of the most remarkable materials in antiquity: unbaked earth. The manufactured unbaked earth elements (construction and furniture elements) are composed of detrital sediment and vegetal components. This material appears in prehistoric contexts, such as in the NE region of the Iberian Peninsula at the Early Iron Age, which has been the main object of our study, but has usually received little interest by researchers. From a case study, a set of samples from an Early Iron Age archaeological site of Sant Jaume (Alcanar, Montsià, Catalonia), we present a methodology we intend that may be useful to study these elements in any archaeological site. The proposal involves the application of different approaches: typological classification, morpho-sedimentary description and micromorphological analysis.
Couderc, Florian. "Sites et paysages protohistoriques en Basse-Auvergne (XXIIe - Ve s. av. J.-C.)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2021. https://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/13745.
Texto completo da fonteThe expansion of preventive archaeology during these two last decades have made the study of the Protohistoric landscapes possible throughout the country. The number of sites keep growing significantly every year. In addition, with these operations, there is a large development of research projects in Basse-Auvergne, especially on hillforts. To study a region on a long time approach, it is necessary to take all proxies of a site. It is important to start from the object, to the place of the settlements in the landscape. The landscape is like a book, each page contains the traces of successive settlements. In fact, the landscape is modified by economics, socio-political and religious activities, and it is important for archaeologist to understand its structure, and its history. The link between societies and their landscape is an essential component of their cultural identity.The Basse-Auvergne is a laboratory for landscape studies. In fact, this region contains a great number of data, for the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. In this research, there are 289 sites for 487 settlements recorded in a database. These data have been processed into statistical analyses thanks to GIS. Not all periods of Bronze Age or Early Iron Age are well documented. Few cases of study have been identified from which it is possible to do further investigation : Early Bronze Age habitats and necropolis ; Late Bronze Age hillforts ; Early Iron Age habitats and feasts settlements ; enclosures barrows landscape. This research shows the complex dynamics of the landscape use during the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. The history of Protohistoric societies, from simple to complex societies, is not a long evolution. It is a succession of models and social structures. There are specific to each culture of each period, with phases of expansion and contraction. Few interpreting models have been proposed about settlements function, especially to understand if come from economics or sociocultural needs. Palaeoenvironmental data from the area were used to identify the influence of the fluctuation of the environment on societies. The models built into Basse-Auvergne must be compared to other regions of France and in Europe. This way, it will be possible to understand if any types of sites, or landscape use, are a cultural adoption, or if they are an adaptation of a local context
Dunyach, Ingrid. "La place du Roussillon dans les échanges en Méditerranée aux âges du Fer : Étude d’une organisation territoriale, sociale et culturelle (VIe-IIIe siècle avant J.-C.)". Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0033.
Texto completo da fonteThe Roussillon is a place located between mountains and sea, at the crossroad of the extreme south Gaule and North-East Iberia. A global approach of this territory and its population dynamics is realized in this work to understand the evolution and the spatial and qualitative repartition of archaeological remains through the centuries. The available Archaeological data has been studied again through to the latest field investigation data (obtained by prospection and excavation) to present a report of this knowledge. This data brings information about people occupation and the use of available resources in coastal and mountain areas. Thanks to the geographical information system, the data analysis shows the connections between natural resources, occupied spaces and economical exchange areas. These dynamics are confronted with the reception and the diffusion of imported ceramics coming from the Mediterranean trade. Commercial flows resulting from the new ceramic studies allow to understand, during this period, the population’s commercial and cultural diversities and how were their relationships with other populations. Exchanges and relationships between Greek, Iberian and local populations are developed through 6 case studies on coastal (Ruscino, Elne), port (Collioure) and hinterland cities (Teixonères, Escatiro). Finally, the study of a Greco-Roman cult place (la Fajouse) gives the opportunity to experiment an archaeology of cults in order to approach ritual behaviors as well as human and religious landscape of a mountain area located at the crossroad of Gaul and Iberia axes
Canela, Gràcia Joan. "Evolució del poblament i el paisatge a la Cessetània occidental durant el 1r mil·leni aC". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/296436.
Texto completo da fonteLa investigación desarrollada en esta tesis se ha centrado en la evolución del poblamiento y el paisaje protohistórico en la Cessetania occidental. El ámbito territorial corresponde grosso modo a las comarcas del Alt Camp, Baix Camp, Conca de Barberà y Tarragonès. El estudio del poblamiento se inicia en el Bronce Final (1159-650 a.C.), donde se observa una generalización del hábitat al aire libre en cabañas. Se trata de asentamientos muy reducidos ocupados por pequeños núcleos familiares. Pero ello no significa un abandono del hábitat en cuevas, que siguen siendo frecuentadas. En el Primer Hierro (650-550 a.C.) tiene lugar un gran cambio, con la aparición de los primeros asentamientos protourbanos que disponen de estructuras complejas (murallas) y edificaciones de planta ortogonal, con la emergencia de las comunidades locales. Esta evolución del poblamiento parece haberse producido en el área litoral, pero en los sectores más interiores podrían haber tenido un desarrollo más tardío. Durante el período ibérico, concretamente en el ibérico pleno (450-200 a.C.) es cuando se constata la jerarquización definitiva del poblamiento protohistórico en diferentes órdenes, uno de los aspectos que indicaría la aparición del protoestado. Los núcleos de poblamiento más importante serian los asentamientos de primer y segundo orden, grandes centros urbanos que asumirían un rol de capitalidad respecto a su entorno inmediato y habrían desarrollado ciertas funciones administrativas. El asentamiento protohistórico de Tarragona habría ejercido como núcleo de primer orden y como capital de la Cessetania. Por debajo existirían núcleos de tercer orden, asentamientos urbanos de dimensiones menores y núcleos de cuarto orden rurales. En el ibérico final se producirá el progresivo desmantelamiento del modelo de poblamiento ibérico, que será definitivo en torno al 100 a.C . con la construcción de una ciudad ortogonal de tradición itálica (Tarraco).
The research carried out in this thesis focuses on settlement organisation and environment evolution in western Cessetania. The study area coincides with current territories of Alt Camp, Baix Camp, Conca de Barberà and Tarragonès (present province of Tarragona). The first period analyzed in this study is the Late Bronze Age (1150-650 BC). Settlements, mainly in open air, are made up of small groups of huts inhabited by family groups, although several caves continued to be frequented. During the Early Iron Age (650-550 BC) a major change occurs, when the first protourban sites with complex structures (ramparts) and orthogonal planning appear, indicating the emergence of local communities. This settlement evolution is clear for the littoral area, but inland it may have occurred later. During the Late Iron Age (particularly between 450-200 BC) protohistorical settlement pattern is definitely hierarchic, organized in four orders or levels (one of the features defining a protostate). The most important sites (1st and 2nd order) have an urban character, play the role of capitals of their hinterland and have administrative functions. Protohistorical settlement of Tarragona is one of them, the capital of the Cessetania territory. At a lower level exists a number of smaller sites, the 3rd order settlements, ,and finally (4th order), the rural sites. At the end of the Late Iron Age (200-50 BC) protohistorical settlement organisation will be progressively dismantled until its definitely disappearance c. 100 BC, when a big orthogonal city (Tarraco) will be built based on Italic tradition.
Font, Valentín Laia. "La gestió dels recursos animals a la Catalunya meridional i de ponent durant la protohistòria (segles VII-I ane). Avaluació econòmica, política i social a partir de les restes de fauna". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/418810.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this research is to carry out a zooarchaeological study of various sites dated to the Early Iron Age and Iberian period (7th-1st centuries BC), interpreting the results of the faunal analysis within the respective economic and sociopolitical contexts. The study area includes the southern and western zones of Catalonia. Both are a priori different zones in terms of population from the Bronze Age onwards, and of interaction with the Phoenician colonial world during the Early Iron Age. Both territories also experienced strong transformations during the Iberian Period, in terms of settlement patterns and relations to the nearby resources, at the same time that they were adapting to the arrival of Roman settlers and new ways of production and storage were emerging. In this context, the objective of this work is to analyse the changes and similarities/differences between the zooarchaeological record in a series of contexts. On one hand, materials from five archaeological sites have been analysed: Sant Jaume (Alcanar, Montsià), Ferradura (Alcanar, Montsià), Calvari (el Molar, Priorat), Coll del Moro (Gandesa, Terra Alta) and Missatges (Tàrrega, Urgell), with a total of 5968 bone remains (mammals, birds and fishes) and 773 remains of marine molluscs and crustaceans. On the other hand, the results of this analysis are integrated and compared with available quantitative data from other zooarchaeological studies on sites from the same geographical zone or nearby zones (including data from sites in the País Valencià and Baix Aragó). The work is structured as follows: introduction, objectives, methodology, geographic and historical background of the study area, and state of the art in zooarchaeological quantitative data (taking into account also the quality of these data), in addition to some remarks on consumption, animal husbandry and rituals associated with domestic animals, based on studies by different authors. After these introductory and theoretical chapters, the results of the five sites analysed in this research are presented. This is followed by a discussion of these results, integrating the existing published and available zooarchaeological data from other sites. The conclusions of this study are summarised in the final chapter.
Rodrigues, Vanessa. "Parures et échanges au premier âge du Fer, des Pyrénées à l'Atlantique (VIIIe-Ve siècles avant JC)". Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU2017/document.
Texto completo da fonteMy PhD thesis deals with the personal ornaments of the South Atlantic area (Portugal, northern Spain, southern Aquitaine) of the first Iron Age (8th - 5th centuries BC). Long regarded as simple chronological tracers, and sometimes only appreciated for their sumptuary character, they have, for now, never been subject to a synthesis work. My investigation focused on two directions: first, to take into account all the personal ornaments, regardless of types and materials and, then, to initiate a study on the artistic interaction from the Pyrenees to the Atlantic. This approach can now be undertaken through recent archaeological evidence recovered in regional studies and researches on the paleo-ethnogenesis of Iberian Peninsula communities. The first step in the research is to collect and order the corpus of personal adornments made by the north-peninsular and Aquitanian workshops to provide a descriptive catalogue. The strategy chosen is a stylistic analysis in order to differentiate the local production from the importations. This method is associated with a spatial, temporal and functional analysis in order to establish stylistic areas and traffic networks. From stylistic continuities and changes established from one area to another, the question of art exchanges is put into perspective with identity, socio-economic and cultural-historic societies motivations. Therefore, a global approach to these personal ornaments could not overlook its mode of expression whether it refers to the individual or collective identity. I have discussed this issue from two angles: the first apprehend how a given community build its identity in relation to its neighbors while the second asks how one person makes its individual identity in its relationship with others in using a particular ornament
Constantin, Thibaud. "Les parures du sud-ouest de la France et du nord-ouest de l'Espagne au Premier âge du Fer (VIIIe-Ve s. a.C.)". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30041/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis proposes to re-evaluate our knowledge on ornamental furniture dated to the Early Iron Age (800-400 BC) in an area between southwest France and northwest Spain. The wide geographical scope of this work, taking place between two countries with distinct research traditions, is determined by previous results that had been able to highlight several typological similarities between these two regions without precisely drawing their outlines. The objective is to fill this gap and to provide an analysis that is chronological, spatial, cultural and social of the ceremonial furniture. To do this, this thesis is based on a corpus of ornaments from ancient and recent excavations gathered in a relational database. The first stage of analysis is reserved for the implementation of typologies. The taphonomic relationships of these objects and comparisons with similar remains from regions outside our study allow us to update the chronologies known until then. During a second stage, the typo-chronological synthesis of the corpus discovered in the funeral context leads to the recognition of a general chronological phasing. This phasing, which divides the selected interval into three horizons, is marked on the one hand by its proximity to what is knows in south-eastern France, and on the other hand by a slight discrepancy between the phenomena observed on the sites established to the north and south of the Pyrenees. Based on this chronological framework, the spatial analysis of the corpus makes it possible to account for the territorial hold of local movable facies and their evolution over time. The identification of a "Pyrenean" facies and its expansion at the end of the Early Iron Age is one of the major contribution of this study. Finally, during a third and last stage, this thesis proposes an analysis on the wearers of ornamentals. The use of correspondence factor analysis (CFA) allows the recognition of various funeral costumes for which the ornamentals plays a predominant role in the representation of an organized and complex social system
Drieu, Léa. "Fabrication et usages des poteries durant le Néolithique et la Protohistoire en Europe : les apports de l’archéologie biomoléculaire". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2020/document.
Texto completo da fonteFor more than 30 years, biomolecular archaeology has been concerned with investigating organic products, mainly lipids, absorbed within archaeological pottery walls during their use thanks to separation, structural and isotopic techniques. To study interactions between the ceramic matrix and lipids, still poorly understood, this doctoral project have been built through a holistic approach that aims to consider the entire pottery subsystem, from the sourcing of raw materials to the disposal of the vessel. For this purpose, archaeological potsherds from various chronological, geographical and cultural contexts (from the Jura to Sardinia, between the VIth and the Ist millennium BC) have been investigated using classical methods of biomolecular archaeology. Additionally a wide range of experiments and complementary analyses were undertaken through collaborative projects involving diverse fields (study of manufacturing techniques, petrography, material science, soil study, etc.). By exploring the considerable informative potential of lipids and precisely understanding their absorption and preservation mechanisms, specific chaînes opératoires (low temperature and/or short firing, post-firing surface treatments) have been revealed and vessel use and resource exploitation by Pre- and Protohistoric society from the Mediterranean and the Jura regions have been explored
Lladó, Santaeularia Alexandra. "Animales salvajes en Mesopotamia: los grandes mamíferos en el tercer milenio a. C". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668513.
Texto completo da fonteAnimals have always had quite a large repercussion on humans’ history. In the Paleolithic, they were hunted as feeding source to complement a low-protein diet. Later on, the domestication of some species facilitated the Neolithic revolution as animals became an important economic resource. Apart from consuming their meat and using their furs, other secondary products such as milk and wool started to being exploited. Some others were used as working animals in agriculture and for terrestrial transportation. Even though all these transcendental changes, wild animals still had an important presence in society. Predators were a constant threat for people and herds, while herbivores were hunted because of necessity or as entertainment. Mesopotamian case was not different. Throughout all its history, numerous references to wild animals in textual sources as well as figurative representations can be found, what demonstrates that their importance was similar to the domestic animals’, at least in a symbolic way. Some of these wild animals even had a certain transcendence in economic activities. In this context, the aim of this dissertation is to analyse the presence of wild fauna in Mesopotamia during the third millennium BC and its relationship with the society of the period, focusing on the specific case of big mammals. To achieve such a goal, an interdisciplinary approach is proposed, which includes the study of faunal remains, figurative representations and written sources (lexical, literary and administrative) to provide a general picture of the status of the animal world in the third millennium BC.
Sumera, Franck. "Signature des occupations protohistoriques et antiques dans l’évolution des paysages et dans la construction de la géographie humaine du massif du Mercantour (Alpes-Maritimes)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3019.
Texto completo da fonteArchaeological and paleo-environmental research carried out in the Southern Alps attest to the existence of pastoral practices continuous from the Neolithic period. The latter brought about a constant opening-up of the environment which resulted in the formation of present-day landscapes. The signals sent back by archaeology, history and the paleo-environment concerning rearing practices and activities having had an impact on the landscape since the Iron Age are re-examined through a synthesis of the current state of knowledge. Analysis of existing documentation is used to ascertain sources of impact on the landscape and relationships between pastoral practices, settlement lands and areas of economic exchange. Comprehensive study of the territory and anthropic remains is carried out using the Napoleonic cadastral survey and orthophotographic coverage. The data bases built using these supports are enriched by the incorporation of environmental data taken from GIS bases connected to environmental contexts. This data set provides a new corpus of archaeological information which enables us to apprehend the spatial and qualitative diversity of pastoral remains. Three case-studies provide information concerning the weight of Iron Age and Roman occupation in the sub-Alpine floors. Two of these allow consideration of the construction of Iron Age and Roman territorial areas and their subsequent development. A Gallic sanctuary located at an altitude of 1800m, dedicated to hero and nature-worship, and another sanctuary located on a pass illustrate the importance of orography within the mental constructs of the Mercantour populations
Tenconi, Marta. "Study of the production and the regional and interregional relations between the protohistory communities from the Northern Italy, particularly focusing on the middle-east area, through the archaeometrical analysis of their pottery". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423118.
Texto completo da fonteI materiali fittili sono fra i prodotti più resistenti nel record archeologico a partire dalla loro invenzione nell’antico Neolitico. Per questo il loro studio è di grande importanza per l’archeologia sotto molteplici aspetti. In particolare le forme vascolari, le loro decorazioni e la tecnologia di produzione sono normalmente peculiari delle comunità che le hanno prodotte. Questi elementi fanno della ceramica espressione artigianale, e nelle fasi più recenti anche artistica, e tecnologica di una cultura, qualificando tale prodotto come ‘fossile guida’ d’eccellenza e come uno degli indicatori parziali più sensibili del livello di organizzazione del lavoro raggiunto da una data società in un determinato periodo. La ceramica inoltre fornisce importanti informazioni sui rapporti sia di integrazione sociale tra popolazioni confinanti o anche ad ampio raggio, sia indicando rapporti commerciali tra gruppi diversi. Attraverso l’analisi archeologica e archeometrica di frammenti vascolari, col presente progetto si è cercato di fare luce principalmente sui rapporti di interazione sociale, di scambio o commerciali tra le popolazioni protostoriche dell’Italia settentrionale -con particolare riferimento alla zona veneta- e le popolazioni coeve della penisola e d’oltralpe. A tal fine si è ritenuta necessaria la distinzione tra manufatti realmente di importazione e manufatti che imitano modelli di provenienza alloctona, l’individuazione dei centri produttori di tali manufatti, l’identificazione delle vie percorse dai traffici e la definizione delle relazioni tra le culture locali. Non si è voluto tralasciare inoltre la comprensione e la ricostruzione della tecnologia ceramica adottata, della tipologia dei materiali utilizzati e del luogo di approvvigionamento delle materie prime. Dove possibile al lavoro sui materiali fittili è stata associata l’analisi di campioni di argille o sabbie provenienti da potenziali aree di approvvigionamento preceduta dallo studio dettagliato della geologia dell’area di interesse. Analisi petrografiche e microstrutturali sono state condotte attraverso osservazione al microscopio ottico ed elettronico (analisi di immagine). Lo studio delle fasi mineralogiche presenti nei campioni ceramici è stato condotto attraverso analisi diffrattometrica dei raggi X su polveri mentre la composizione chimica è stata ottenuta per fluorescenza dei raggi X sui cui risultati sono state condotte analisi statistiche multivariate. In particolare sono stati presi in considerazione tre casi studio: a) Il sito d’altura di Castel de Pedena (Belluno), datato tra il tardo Bronzo antico e il tardo Bronzo finale/prima età del Ferro. Durante gli scavi sono stati raccolti numerosi reperti ceramici vascolari alcuni dei quali riconducibili alla cultura alpine Luco/Laugen-Meluno/Melaun. Sebbene non sia stata riscontrata nessuna testimonianza di rapporti commerciali riguardanti questa tipologia vascolare con le aree pertinenti -il Trentino, l’Alto-Adige, il Tirolo Orientale e la Bassa Engadina- la forte somiglianza tra i reperti rinvenuti presso sito e il cosiddetto boccale tipo Luco sembrerebbe provare intensi contatti tra le due culture. Infine, lo studio dell’intero repertorio ceramico proveniente da Castel de Pedena ha permesso di ricostruire l’evoluzione della tecnologia di produzione della ceramica dall’età del Bronzo Recente fino alla prima età del Ferro. b) La ceramica a orlo svasato superiormente appiattito (qui chiamata FRFL pottery) si diffusa nel Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italia nord-orientale) tra la fine dell’età del Bronzo Finale e la prima età del Ferro. Questa tipologia vascolare trova però confronti anche in reperti provenienti da alcuni abitati coevi di area veneta. Le analisi archeometriche di alcuni reperti di vasi provenienti dai siti veneti di Padova, Concordia Sagittaria e Castion d’Erbé hanno rivelato che gli impasti dei campioni sono simili tra loro sia per l’abbondanza di inclusi sia nella peculiare scelta della tipologia litica adottata: sono stati fatti utilizzando frammenti di concrezioni di grotta (speleotemi). Inoltri il confronto con frammenti di vasi di tipologie tipiche venete, e quindi di probabile origine locale, ha dimostrato che questi vasi sono composizionalmente distinti mentre hanno grande somiglianza con ceramiche ‘FRFL’ di provenienza friulana e giuliana. La presenza di speleo temi le mette in relazione con la regione della Venezia Giulia, un’area carsica dove si conoscono oltre settemila grotte. Sembrerebbe quindi che fossero state trasportate in Veneto, probabilmente per scopi legati al commercio di qualche prodotto specifico. c) I reperti provenienti dal sito arginato di Fondo Paviani (Legnago, Verona), datato tra la fine dell’età del Bronzo Medio e l’inizio del Bronzo finale (XIV-XII secolo a.C.). Il sito arginato di Fondo Paviani (Verona) si data tra la fine dell’età del Bronz Medio e l’inizio del Bronzo Finale. Durante l’età del Bronzo Recente è stato osservata nell’area ascrivibile alla cultura ‘Palafitticolo Terramaricola’ l’abitudine comune di produrre ceramica vascolare grezza caratterizzata da impasti macroscopicamente simili. Materiali simili, ascrivibili all’età del Bronzo recente, sono stati trovati anche presso l’abitato di Castel de Pedena. Questo ha indotto a studiare un piccolo numero di questi reperti provenienti da Fondo Paviani con l’intenzione di confrontarli con i coevi materiali di Castel de Pedena. Dato l’esiguo numero di campioni, questo ultimo caso studio è da considerarsi uno lavoro preliminare i cui risultati non sono statisticamente rappresentativi del contesto reale del sito. Per lo stesso motivo non è stato possibile trovare alcuna correlazione coi reperti di Castel de Pedena, e con la tecnologia di produzione adottata in antichità presso il sito.
Fochesato, Andrea. "Aux origines de la ville européenne : technologie, typologie et fonction de l'architecture en bois dans l'habitat urbain des oppida celtiques (IIe-IIer s. av. J.-C.) : le cas de Bibracte, mont Beuvray (France)". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCH002.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this work is to clarify the knowledge on the architectural aspect of the oppida in Temperate Europe during the two last Centuries BC. The study is based on the oppidum of Bibracte (mount Beuvray, Burgundy), one of the reference sites for the Period in Europe. The research focused mainly on the study of timber building techniques derived from the continental protohistoric tradition and commonly used in these settlements.The entire woodworking process, from the forest supply to the different stages of building construction, has been analysed. The technical aspects related to the foundation and elevation of the building’s frames, the choice and shaping of their wooden elements, the patterns of the walls and the roofing techniques has been apprehended through the analysis of the archaeological remains – often fragmentary and difficult to read – as well as through the study of the rare timbers preserved in particular taphonomic conditions on the site.Thanks to the cross-checking of the documentation available from the 75 years of research carried out on mount Beuvray in the 19th century (1864-1907) and from 1984 to the present day, 151 structures with sufficiently complete plans has been identified. Of these, 74 wooden-frame buildings are characteristic of an indigenous architectural tradition, while 77 masonry structures show some influences linked to the new techniques and modules coming from Italy and gradually introduced in the settlement during the last two decades of the 1st century BC.The wooden architecture of Bibracte reflects the image of an expertise particularly well adapted to the very constraining morphological characteristics of the terrain of mount Beuvray. The corpus of studied buildings has been divided in 13 architectural categories, 6 of which concern wooden-frame buildings. In the sectors with steeper slopes, houses are usually composed of one or more semi-buried rooms and organised in terraces. The volume of these buildings develops rather vertically, with limited footprint (spans rarely exceed 5 m, the structures do not require any internal load-bearing system), but with massive wooden frames. The latter are built using closely squared timber posts, installed in dry stone trenches or connected by foundation beams giving to the structure a remarkable load-bearing capacity to support the weight of an upper floor. In the less steeply sloping areas, the buildings develop more horizontally, with multi-room layouts (often with wooden cellars) or with a monumental aspect in public buildings.Although they are organized in different ways, many structures display a certain uniformity in their dimensions, suggesting the use of well-defined building modules and a precise measurement system within a standardized building activity in the site. As in the case of the habitat, the existence of distinct parameters could also be observed in the construction of the wood-framed ramparts (murus gallicus) of the oppidum, as well as for the wooden timbers preserved on the site
Beuzen-Waller, Tara. "Interactions entre dynamiques environnementales et occupations humaines du Paléolithique à l’âge du Fer dans les piémonts du Jebel Hajar (Oman)". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL077.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteIn Oman, Quaternary climatic fluctuations are characterised by wet and dry periods. Today, desert landscapes prevail in Oman and traditional settlements mainly consist of artificially water-supplied oases. This work exposes the hydro-climatic variations at the end of the Quaternary in the foothills of the Jebel Hajar in order to (1) better understand the various environmental potential of the foothills during the wet periods of the Pleistocene and the Holocene and (2) reconstruct the onset of aridity since the end of the Holocene Pluvial Phase. To do so, multidisciplinary analyses are conducted on fluvial archives, coastal sedimentation and archaeological site’s distribution and nature, in four areas of the Jebel Hajar foothills : Bat/al-Arid, Salut, Adam and Quriyat. The geomorphological and hydro-climatic data are compared with the distribution of archaeological sites, subsistence strategies in each archaeological period and water distribution/ acquisition. The results obtained attest a nesting of the alluvial forms during the Pleistocene, the reduction of surface runoffs as early as 5,840 - 5,610 cal. BP, the gradual concentration of the archaeological sites towards hydrologically favoured areas, a progressive optimisation of these spaces in the upper parts of the foothills and a high mobility of the shoreline in the coastal plain of Quriyat during the Mid-Late Holocene
Clarke, Wesley S. "Return to P'ong Tuk: Preliminary Reconnaissance of a Seminal Dvaravati Site in West-central Thailand". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1321396671.
Texto completo da fonteRamé, Betty. "Orner la tête à l'Age du Bronze en Égée : de la coiffure à la parure". Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H055.
Texto completo da fonteHairstyles and headdresses, as strong elements of communication, allow to address the cultural and identity affiliation of their wearers. This dissertation, through this new approach, aims to shed light on the place and role of hairstyles and headdresses in Aegean civilizations of the Bronze Age.Our study is mainly based on two complementary sources: direct sources (metal headbands) and indirect sources (iconography). Our approach led to propose a new morpho stylistic typology of hairstyle and head ornaments visible in iconography. The various representations have shown that certain hairstyles and headdresses are gendered, chrono cultural and social markers. A double visual examination (macroscopic and microscopic observation) of the metal headbands enabled us to reconstruct their chaîne opératoire. This analysis highlighted technical differences (manufacture and decoration) and use wear closely linked to chrono-cultural contexts. This dissertation also suggests that the headbands should be worn in combination with a cloth.Through the study of immaterial traces and the mobilization of various sources (iconographic, archaeological, textual and comparative), we tempted to perceive the tools and the gestures associated with the treatment of the hair, but also the materials which could have been used for making the head ornaments represented in iconography. Finally, reconstructions of the wearing of the headband have shown the multiple possibilities of how to wear this type of artefact
Laplaige, Clément. "Comparaison de signaux (géophysique, LiDAR) utilisés dans l'étude des dynamiques anthropiques et naturelles". Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1002/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe characterization of the material reality of the landscape requires to accurately identify the physical geography and to capture the interrelationships between humans and their environment. These conditions are essential to the estimation of the origins of the landscape shaping. The analysis of documentary sources offers the opportunity to determine the organization of former landscapes and to characterize a large part of their evolutions since the Modern period. However, older land settlements are not localised or symbolised on maps. Their signs are efficiently detected in present landscape through the joint implementation of various detection methods: aerial photography, recording topographic or colorimetric variations on the soil surface, and the LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) system, measuring micro-topographic variations using a laser beam. Other methods can be used to identify the elements conserved in present landscape and reflect their past uses. The measure of physical properties of soils by the geophysical methods can detected the presence of archaeological remains or structures buried while nothing is perceptible to the soil surface. It is widely supported that survey methods can provide archaeological data of the land use and / or the exploitation of the territory. Thus, they have been applied since several at the site of the ancient city of Epomanduodurum (Mandeure-Mathay, Doubs) in the north of the Franche-Comte. This city is considered by its size, urban equipment and monuments as the second behind de civitas capital of Sequani, Vesontio (Besancon). This research intends to compare, at different spatial scales, the contribution of several prospecting methods for the study of natural and anthropogenic dynamics in an area of 80 km². The study area is centred on the ancient city and combines a section of the alluvial plain of the Doubs river and the surrounding calcareous plateaus. In this study, it was possible, among other things, to develop tools for the detection of archaeological
Thomas, Nathalie. "De la conception à l'utilisation des pierres à aiguiser, polissoirs et autres outils de l'abrasion dans le monde égéen à l'âge du Bronze". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H136/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis research aims at investigating the supplying strategies of raw materials selected for the implementation of lithic tools in the Aegean sea during the Bronze Age. Furthermore, it addresses the possible exchange networks responsible for the wider distribution of abrasive rocks. Particularly, all steps of the operational process (chaîne opératoire) were investigated from the extraction of raw materials to the use of the stone tools. These research objectives were addressed through an interdiscipinary approach, which combines the petrographic, morphological, and use-wear analysis of lithic tool implements based on both macroscopic and microscopic observations. The purpose of the use wear analysis was the identification of the different functions among these tools within their historical and archaeological context. Additionally, this study developed a precise terminology of manual movements and gestures associated with the use of these tools by combining ethnographical and experimental data with archaeological evidence
Rivalan, André. "Typologie et chronologie des objets métalliques du bronze Final IIIB à la fin du premier âge du Fer en France méridionale (900-450 av. n. è.)". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30085/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe ambition of this book is not only to provide a reasoned and relatively complete inventory of the metal objects found in funerary contexts and habitats, dating from the end of the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age (900 - 450 B.C.), but also to provide an overview of the many types of objects encountered in a coherent region from a geographical and historical point of view ; namely Mediterranean France : Pyrenees-Orientales, Aude, Herault, Gard, Bouches-du-Rhone, Var and Alpes-Maritimes. This should also help to harmonize, consolidate and update all previous studies dealing with these types of objects, while facilitating both the identification of the material found in future excavations, and the studies concerned by this particular area of the material culture. Beyond its encyclopaedic function, this work also investigates a whole series of sub-themes, such as the analysis of the various bartering networks, based on the imported objects and their evolution over time, or the presence of an "evolutionary" approach of some of the main protohistoric outfits (tools, weapons, and ornaments). These few issues have enabled us to observe to what extent the South of France had played an important intermediary role between the Mediterranean spheres and the Celtic area, but also how this interface function had a major impact on the evolution of the indigenous outfits and to a lesser extent, numerous effects on the technical and social development of the local communities
Mathias, Florent. "Forger le ciel aux âges des métaux : représentations, imaginaire et connaissances célestes dans le Nord-Ouest de l’Europe entre 2500 et 500 av. J.-C". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H079.
Texto completo da fonteThis doctoral thesis is a study of man’s experience and understanding of the skies from the last centuries of the Neolithic – in the middle of the third millennium B.C. – until the end of the Nordic Bronze Age in 500 B.C. This work is at the crossroads of archaeology, the history of science, astronomy and social anthropology and will be based on a number of material remains that are evidence of the varied conceptions man developed of the heavens in that period. Examination and evaluation of these remains are a means of assessing the depth of man’s knowledge of the sky and its phenomena and the degree to which this knowledge impacted the activities, thinking and iconography of the protohistoric societies that had not yet developed writing in the Chalcolithic, the Bronze Age and the Hallstatt period. The many documented interactions between European and Mediterranean societies will also be examined to determine any part Eastern influences may have played in framing an empirical approach to the sky in north-west Europe. It is hoped that, once this research is concluded, this more thorough documentation will help address the current information void on the beginnings of Western astronomy and, more broadly, our understanding of the societies of protohistoric Europe
Clerc, Julie. "Les agglomérations celtiques au IIIe siècle avant notre ère". Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL013.
Texto completo da fonteThis study provides a synthesis of the data issued from Celtic settlements (“agglomération”) of the third century BC in the whole European area. Centered on bibliographical data, a large approach of the phenomenon of agglomeration was considered. This study focuses on identification and characterization of these settlements. Among forty-four sites initially selected to understand the emergence and the forms of these settlements, ten were cross-checked in order to clarify their functions and roles. This consideration of the data allows us to improve our understanding of economic and territorial organization of the Celtic society during the third century BC, but also increase our knowledge of the urbanization process in the Iron Age. Over the European area this phenomenon considerably renews the vision of Celtic society of the third century BC and its organization
Duval, Hervé. "Les sites fortifiés littoraux et insulaires de la façade Manche-Atlantique de l’Europe : territoires, échanges et pouvoirs au Ier millénaire av. n. è". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1G005.
Texto completo da fonteFrom the coast to the islands, this thesis deals with the fortified sites attributed to the 1st millennium B.C.E. and recognized along the Channel-Atlantic coast of Europe. In this dynamic study area where people are connected to the sea, these fortified locations can question the socio-economic and strategic issues being attached to them, as well as the means deployed for their defense. In order to achieve this, the study is made up of 89 archaeological sites spread over the 11 selected departments (Seine-Maritime, Eure, Calvados, Manche, Ille-et-Vilaine, Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Morbihan, Loire- Atlantic, Vendée and Charente-Maritime)
Prades, Painous Marc. "Poblament, espais de trànsit i mobilitat a la Terra Alta durant el primer mil·lenni ANE". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672016.
Texto completo da fonteA través de una metodología de base arqueológica territorial y paisajística, se estudia la red viaria histórica en la zona de la actual comarca de la Terra Alta (Tarragona) contrastándola con el poblamiento protohistórico de dicha región. A lo largo del proceso, se analiza cuáles són los pasos naturales y caminos tradicionales que se mantienen sobre espacios de tránsito de posible origen antiguo i qué morfologia adoptan. A partir de les resultados, proponemos un conjunto de hipótesis en las que se identifican los posibles conductos translativos utilizados por las comunidades humanas del primer milenio ANE, las estrategias de desplazaminto i el impacto que el acceso a la mobilidad ha ejercido sobre los patrones de asentamiento protohistóricos des de una perspectiva diacrónica e integrante. En aquellos espacios en los que se pueden diferenciar fenomenos poblacionales y/o trnslativos correspondientes a distintos horizontes cronológicos, además, se efectua una lectura histórica.
Making use of methods coming form the landscape archaeology, we look into the historical road network in the current zone of Terra Alta (Tarrgona) matching it with the protohistoric settlements of the region. During the process, we analyze wich are the natural passages and traditional roads remaining over ancient traffic channels and the morphology they take. Basing on the results, some hypothesis has been suggested, from which we identify the translative channels potentially used by the 1st meillenium BC human communities, their travel strategies and the movement impact on the protohistoric settlement patterns from a diachronic and linking viewpoint. In spaces where it's possible to distinguish translative and population phenomena belonging to diferent time-frames, besides, we can make a historical intepretation.
Mougne, Caroline. "Exploitation et utilisation des invertébrés marins durant la Protohistoire sur le territoire continental et littoral Manche-Atlantique français". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S020.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with the use and exploitation of marine invertebrates (molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms) during the Protohistory on the Channel and Atlantic coasts in France. It relies on the inventory of 197 sites characterized by the presence of this type of fauna. Some archaeomalacological studies have been realized on 32 of these sites, of which 17 during this thesis. The results allow to approach various themes, such as the environments exploited, the subsistence economy (food, geographical variations, exchange network), crafts (dyeing, beads, building material, etc.) and funeral and ritual practices (hoard, ritual meal). The study of the marine invertebrates thus contributes to a better understanding of the socio-economical and cultural systems of the littoral and continental communities during the Protohistory
Este trabajo se centra en el uso y explotación de los invertebrados marinos (moluscos, crustáceos y equinodermos) durante la Protohistoria en la costa de la Mancha y Atlántica de Francia. La investigación se basa en un inventario de 197 sitios arqueológicos con presencia de restos malacológicos, sobre 32 de ellos se ha realizado un estudio arqueomalacológico, de los cuales 17 se han desarrollado e incluido en el contexto de esta tesis doctoral. Los resultados obtenidos se han orientado a tratar una variedad de cuestiones, como el medioambiente explotado, la economía de subsistencia a partir de diferentes perspectivas (la alimentación, las especificaciones geográfica, o las redes de intercambio), la producción artesanal (tintes, elementos de adorno o material de construcción), o las prácticas funerarias y rituales (elementos de ajuar, comidas rituales). El estudio de los invertebrados marinos contribuye así a una mejor comprensión de los sistemas culturales y socio-económicos de las comunidades costeras y también continentales a lo largo de la Protohistoria
วรวิทย์, บุญไทย Worrawit. "Paléodémographie du site de protohistorique Pratupha : étude comparative avec l'Inde du Sud". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H005.
Texto completo da fonteThe study primarily aims for a palacodemographic assessment of human skeletons recovered from the Pratu Pha site in order to project the research potential of human bones for understanding the nature of bio-cultural adaptations of the protohistork Pratu Pha population. The observed skeletal features are interpreted and compared with available skeletal data from South and South-cast Asian skeletal populations, esp. the protohistoric Ban Chiang population (2100 BCE-200 AD) of Northeastern Thailand. To understand possible microevolutionary trends in skeletal morphometry in Thailand, some results of research work undertaken for the lndian sub-continent are mentioned and used in this study for projecting possible evolutionary scenario in Thailand for the last 5000 years. The Pralu Pha sample comprises both male and female individuals of varying ages. Both are probably present in the collection, though this cannot be stated with certainty. The skeletal population can be therefore taken as cross-section representation of the bygone society. The palaeopathological observations provide evidence of the daily lives and ways of life of the people. Several lines of evidence indicate that daily life was physically strenuous. While there are occurrences of fractures in these remains, including one possible case of fracture near the lime of death, there are no indications of systematic warfare or other interpersonal violence. The lndian subcontinent provides an excellent array of human skeletal evidence belonging to various cultural phases. These populations include a rich spectrum of cultural adaptations, including hunting and gathering in the Mesolithic, urbanization in the Harappan, agro-pastoralism in the Neolithic Chalcolithic, and Iron-Age economy in the Megalithic. Cross-cultural comparisons in the Indian context show differences in cranial features of pre-agricultural and early agro-pastoral populations revealed by two significant changes in cranial morphometry. The hypothesis tested successfully for sites in the Indian sub-continent is worth trying in Thailand
Bagan, Ghislain. "Espaces et sociétés en Méditerranée nord-occidentale durant la Protohistoire". Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30069.
Texto completo da fonteAt the crossroads of archaeology, geography, and anthropology, we propose here a multi scalar approach to the human societies’ environment in north-western Mediterranean between the end of the Bronze Age and the Roman period. From the Ebro to the Rhone, we will investigate the questions related to the daily environment of the group, to its neighbourhood relations with other communities, and to the cultural areas. The spatial distribution of the necropolis will constitute for example an essential source of information on the size and shape of the territories. On another scale, it will be important to develop the notions of transitions and cultural frontiers, to insist on the degree of sedentary life, and on the process of territorial stabilization, whether it was initiated by a grouped or dispersed settlement…Taking into account the major historical events of the Mediterranean Sea, and also the individual history of the indigenous groups, the continuity and ruptures of the establishment systems will be examined : themes such as the evaluation of the perennate character of the indigenous structures, pre-existing the Mediterranean trade, but also the restructuration of the networks linked with commercial pressure (establishment of economic areas) will plainly enter the reasoning
Gibson, Terrance Harry. "Site structure and ceramic behaviour of a protohistoric Cree aggregation campsite". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ29038.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMac, Sweeney Naoise. "Community identity and material culture : the case of protohistoric western Anatolia". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613248.
Texto completo da fonteHiriart, Eneko. "Pratiques économiques et monétaires entre l'Èbre et la Charente (Ve s. - Ier s. a.C.)". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30045.
Texto completo da fonteFrom the fifth to the first century b.C., the space between the Ebro and the Garonne, which joins the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, is located at the crossroads of various cultural areas : the Celtic Gaul, the Iberian Peninsula, the Aquitaine, the greek cities, as well as Rome. Due to the lack of literary sources and archaeological data, our knowledge of indigenous peoples remains limited. This gap can be filled by the study of archeological materials. Among them, the coinage can provide crucial data because it represents a strong evidence of relations between the different protohistoric communities. In addition to that, owing to its symbolic value, money becomes a genuine expression of protohistoric societies. It seemed necessary to study the coinage in a new light so as to stand out from traditional numismatic approaches often restricted to iconographic and typological considerations. Those interpretations generally lead to a discourse too far from human and historical realities. The coins represent an evidence of a social reality. This work proposes a transdisciplinary point of view (archaeological, economic, numismatics, statistical and anthropological) to learn more about the complexity and the variety of monetary practices. One of the main issues remains the emergence of coinage. In this perspective, it was essential to define rhythms, modes, and also agents involved in its circulation. From various origins, the insertion of money within trade involves a series of structural changes : we try to measure their social, economic and political impacts. On the other hand, an analysis of different coinages drove us to characterize together ethnic realities, trade flows, political and cultural changes, as well as influences coming from more or less distant areas. This approach has also led us to distinguish historical trends and singular cultural fields. More generally, this approach focuses on the role of money in these protohistoric societies : which role does it play, what is its weight? What is it used for and whom does it serve? These questions aim to understand the features of trade during the second Iron Age. For the first time, this work outlines a monetary and economic panorama from the first coining to the advent of the Roman system
Pastorello, Thierry. "Sodome à Paris : protohistoire de l'homosexualité masculine fin XVIIIe - milieu XIXe siècle". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00392241.
Texto completo da fonteRothé, Marie-Pierre. "L'occupation humaine de la protohistoire au haut Moyen Age dans le Jura". Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31012.
Texto completo da fonteRivallain, Josette. "Étude comparée des phénomènes prémonétaires en protohistoire européenne et en ethnologie africaine". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010530.
Texto completo da fonteA long time before numismatic systems, very different items have been useful for paying. On european protohistory, we know them because they are hoarded, situated in or outside of fieldworks. Only non-destructive material have been saved : metal, shells, glass. African past is few known and few studied. But, because archaeological works, we know that in southern eastern part, exchange items were known from one millenium and half. The oldest written documents come from greek-roman period, later from arabic and european sources ; at last items are preserved in museums. Through them and ethnological informations, we know how payments are complexed, linked to societies' structures more than to economical considerations. They evolved with traditional societies, the oldest are always used for relationships and specially for wedding. Centralised powers adopt a special exchanges item and control it. European colonisation followed this example and imposed currencies with all their mecanims. But they haven't been easily adopted and old fashions exist always. Recent phenomenons' studies can help the prehistorian on the complexities of payment in traditionnal societies
Mairecolas, Mélanie. "L'étain en Gaule et en Europe occidentale pendant la Protohistoire et l'Antiquité". Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20011.
Texto completo da fonteMining archaeology is a recent and demanding field of archaeology, an indispensable discipline for investigating the extraction and use of metals in ancient times. The exploitation and use of tin, one of the metals in question, is still fairly mysterious, in spite of the large amount of available literature. This thesis deals with several aspects of tin during Protohistory and Antiquity. The first objective was to understand the geology and metallogeny of its principal mineral component, cassiterite and the specific uses to which it was put during the periods in question, in the form of small objects, decorative patterns applied to ceramic items and as an alloy with copper. The second stage involved writing a synthesis of the current state of research and knowledge of ancient tin mines in Europe, in order to check whether the exploitation zones described in old documents, the Iberian peninsula and Cornwall, have been confirmed by archaeological data, while referring as well to the other districts of Erzgebirge in Turkey and in France, areas in Brittany, Morvan, Rouergue and Tarn. A thorough investigation had been made of a stanniferous zone in the Limousin. Field surveys revealed several ancient mining areas in the Monts de Blond, the Monts d’Ambazac in Haute-Vienne and in the Creuse at Soumans. An archaeological probe was undertaken at the site of Repaire at Vaulry (Haute-Vienne) in the Monts de Blond to try and date these mining activities. The first results, still being analysed, appear to suggest that they were exploited during the second Iron Age. This archaeological dig is the first in France for a tin mine in a rock substratum and should lead to further research
Shaffer, Joseph C. "Protohistoric Fort Ancient Social and Climatic Adaptation at the Wynema Site (33Ha837)". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397734874.
Texto completo da fonteRivallain, Josette. "Etude comparée des phénomènes prémonétaires en protohistoire européenne et en ethnologie africaine". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376180088.
Texto completo da fonteBrenneman, Dale Susan 1956. "Ethnohistoric evidence for the economic role of cotton in the protohistoric Southwest". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/266812.
Texto completo da fonteArbousse-Bastide, Tristan. "Les structures de l'habitat rural protohistorique dans le sud-ouest de l'Angleterre et le nord-ouest de la France /". Oxford : Archaeopress, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37197041n.
Texto completo da fonteComprend un résumé en anglais et une trad. en anglais des chapitres consacrés à l'Angleterre. Bibliogr. p. 303-344. Liste des sites.
Valério, Pedro. "Archaeometallurgical study of pre and protohistoric production remains and artefacts from Southern Portugal". Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7967.
Texto completo da fonteThis work provides an integrated study of the ancient metallurgy in southern Portugal comprising the characterisation of 241 production remains and artefacts, mostly belonging to the Late Bronze Age (LBA) and Early Iron Age (EIA). Analytical studies involve energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) and micro-EDXRF to determine elemental composition, together with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis and Vickers microhardness testing for microstructural characterisation and hardness determination. Main results include identification of heterogeneous and immature LBA slags containing tin oxides and metallic prills (copper and bronze) with low iron contents. Additionally, relic mineral inclusions indicate co-smelting of copper ores, probably with cassiterite. Poor reducing conditions shall be responsible by lower iron contents of LBA artefacts (<0.05%) when compared with EIA artefacts (0.15-1.3%). Further features distinguish these clusters – indigenous collection is composed mostly by binary bronzes (10.0 2.5% Sn), while Orientalising collection also presents copper and leaded bronzes. Furthermore, latter binary bronzes exhibit lower tin contents (5.1 2.1% Sn) probably due to the increased use of scrap. Operational sequences usually include cycles of forging and annealing, often completed with a final hammering that hardens the artefact. Higher tin content artefacts with typologies that do not require high mechanical strength were often left as-cast evidencing some selection of alloys. Despite being poorer in tin, some EIA artefacts exhibit higher hardness due to a more efficient use of hammering and annealing cycles, suggesting that low tin contents were not a problem for this type of artefacts. Gold metallurgy analyses allow the identification of Chalcolithic gold with minor amounts of silver, while LBA and EIA gold present increased silver and copper contents, indicating the use of alloyed gold. Forging and annealing during the Chalcolithic, besides welding with partial melting/solid state diffusion during the EIA is also established.
Portuguese Science Foundation - (PTDC/HIS/ARQ/110442/2008)
Pastorello, Thierry. "Sodome à Paris : protohistoire de l'homosexualité masculine fin XVIIIe - première partie XIXe siècle". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070009.
Texto completo da fonteOver a period stretching from the latter part of the eighteenth century to the first half of the nineteenth century, a specific male homosexual identity was developing in cities such as Paris. This period saw a proliferation of writings about and views on sexual practices and same-sex relations between men, and the development of a subculture of sodomites. As the judicial sphere evolved between death sentences and an increasingly repressive attitude on the part of the police, male homosexuality was singled out as asocial behaviour. A new form of medical discourse emerged in order to support the police statements and legal judgments of the time. In order to clamp down on homosexuality, the authorities made widespread use of the charge of 'affront to public decency, and of police raids. Yet homosexual subcultures thrived, and public condemnations of homosexuality had relatively little influence on people's behaviour, as the numerous police records involving urban, working-class young men and older gentlemen demonstrate. Whilst this was a new moment in the social construction of homosexuality, it was profoundly anchored in traditional gender stereotypes
Ro, Hyuk Jin. "Prehistoric and protohistoric sociocultural development in the North Han River region of Korea". Thesis, University of Oregon, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11766.
Texto completo da fonteThe primary purpose of this dissertation is to reconstruct sociocultural development in the North Han River Valley in Korea during the prehistoric and proto historic periods ( ca 6000 B .C.-A.D. 300). Based on theoretical ideas about the close relationship between cultural behavior and the natural environment as well as synthetical observation of archaeological data in the North Han River Valley, I have proposed the following testable hypothesis in regard to 'sociocultural development in the North Han River Valley : that its unique ecosystem brought about a subsistence pattern unique to the region. The North Han River Valley's specific geographical formation, connected with the Lower Han River Basin by way of the river system, brought it under the crucial influence of the latter's more advanced cultural elements. The circumscribed environment derived from the distinctively developed geomophological formation of the North Han River Valley influenced autochthonous sociocultural development in the region. Enumerating the most basic factors, the affluent riverine resources of the Valley enabled Chiilmun period inhabitants be heavily dependent on riverine fishing supplemented by the hunting and gathering of wild vegetation. Riverine fishing as well as hunting and gathering richly supplemented the agrarian economy which became dominant in the Valley after the appearance ofMumun people in later prehistoric times. Due to population saturation of limited arable lands, Mumun agrarian people became increasingly circumscribed and could not evolve into a state-level society. In association with this factor, the geographical proximity of the Valley to the Lower Han River inevitably brought it under the influence of advanced cultures emerging in the Lower Han River Basin. This process, which began in the later Mumun period, actually has continued to the present, passing through the protohistoric State Formation period and Paekche kingdom.
Committee in charge: Dr. C. Melvin Aikens, Chair; Dr. Song Nai Rhee; Dr. William S. Ayres; Dr. William G. Loy; Dr. Philip Young
Rousseau, Lolita. "Des dernières sociétés néolithiques aux premières sociétés métallurgiques : productions lithiques du quart nord-ouest de la France (IIIe-IIe millénaires av. notre ère)". Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT3018.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the lithic productions of the transition from Prehistory to Protohistory. Lithic industry has most commonly been studied by prehistorians, however as Protohistory is not their specific period, these productions have been disregarded for long by researchers, due to their ambivalence. Consequently, it was thought that these productions had stopped at the dawn of the Metal age. Nowadays, if the use of stone during the Bronze Age tends to be admitted, many gaps were attested in the north-west quarter of France. That is why we choose this geographical area. This work is based on an analysis of raw materials, on typo-technological studies of around twenty lithic series, as well as bibliographic data from 571 archaeological entities collected within a database. Three main objectives were achieved. The first one being to understand the modalities of acquisition and management of the resources. The impact of geological and geomorphological environment on techno-economic choice of different human groups was also taken into account. The second objective permitted us to characterize manufacturing and consumption economies of the artifacts. It allowed us to identify some of the activities practiced on sites, thus enhancing our knowledge regarding the lifestyles of these populations. The last objective helped us to understand the progressive marginalization of lithic productions during the Metal age thus providing answers about this phenomenon
Demoule, Jean-Paul. "Chronologies, cultures et styles dans l'europe protohistorique (these sur travaux)". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010538.
Texto completo da fonteThe studies presented are organised along four lines : the establishment of regional and cultural frameworks ; discussion of the notions of "culture" and "style" ; analysis of the development of social hierarchy and complexity ; thoughts on the social and ideological fonctions of archaeology. The various fields of study are : the paris basin neolithic, as represented by the rescue project in the aisne valley ; the celtic cemeteries of north-east france (aisne-marne culture, including 450 cemeteries and 2000 funerary assemblages), from the vith to iiird centuries b. C. , analysed from a chronological and sociological point of view ; the beginning of the neolithic in south-west bulgaria (franco-bulgarian excavation at kovacevo, viith millenium) ; the neolothic and chalcolithic of greece, especially from the point of view of the different regional sequences ; the neolithic and chalcolithic of macedonia and bulgaria (excavations at dikili tach and sitagroi) ; finally the indo-european problem, for which a complex centripetal model is proposed, rather than a centrifugal, diffusionist model. In general terms, the emphasis is placed on : modelling interpretation in terms of time, space and function ; the interactions between style and society ; the flow of cultural markers (ceramics) in the constitution of culture ; the cyclical character of the. .