Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Protein meal"
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Fombang, Edith Nig. "Protein digestibility of sorghum and maize flours and porridges as affected by gammairradation". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12142005-112635.
Texto completo da fonteJones, Aaron Michael. "Evaluating the effects of specialty protein sources on nursery pig performance". Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38161.
Texto completo da fonteDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Jason C. Woodworth
A total of 6,465 nursery pigs were used in 8 experiments. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) or fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on nursery pig growth performance. A LP × FSBM interaction was detected for G:F, where LP and FSBM individually improved G:F, but the effect was not additive. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of increasing levels of LP on nursery pig performance. No evidence for differences in growth performance were observed among dietary treatments. Experiment 3 and 4 examined the effects of fish meal source and level on nursery pig growth performance. Overall, a source × level interaction for ADG, G:F and final BW was observed as increasing fish meal source 1 improved ADG and G:F; however, pigs fed fish meal source 2 had improved ADG and G:F at 3%, but decreased at 6%. Pigs fed fish meal source 3 had no further improvements in ADG and G:F beyond the 3% inclusion. No evidence for differences were detected between the dietary treatments for ADFI. Experiment 5 evaluated the effects of feeding fish solubles on nursery pig performance. Pigs fed diets with fish meal had increased ADG and ADFI compared to pigs fed the control diet. There was no evidence for differences in growth performance as fish solubles increased. Experiment 6 and 7 investigated the effects of enzymatically-treated soybean meal (ESBM) on nursery pig performance. Results indicated that nursery pigs fed diets with greater than 9% of ESBM resulted in decreased ADFI and final BW. Experiment 8 evaluated the effects of dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) on nursery pig performance. Increasing dEB in diets from weaning to 21-d after weaning resulted in an increase in ADG and BW, which was the result of a marginally significant improvement in ADFI and G:F. Finally, an experiment was conducted to determine the optimal strategy for collecting and submitting samples that adequately describe the nutrient levels in diets collected from a commercial swine facility. Sampling feeders with a probe resulted in less variability on an individual basis, but seemed to get washed out when individual samples were pooled to form a composite sample.
Fereday, Amelia Clare. "The effects of age, meal size and protein quality on protein utilisation in adult humans". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308627.
Texto completo da fonteKumar, Vikas [Verfasser], e Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Becker. "Jatropha meal and protein isolate as a protein source in aquafeed / Vikas Kumar. Betreuer: Klaus Becker". Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1027291988/34.
Texto completo da fonteSpain, James Nobles. "Evaluating fish meal as a protein source for lactating dairy cows". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54429.
Texto completo da fontePh. D.
Zerbini, Ercole. "Effects of dietary soybean meal and fish meal on protein digesta flow in Holstein cows during early and midlactation". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82616.
Texto completo da fontePh. D.
Kittel, Elliott C. "ESTIMATION OF OPTIMAL PROTEIN TO ENERGY RATIO AND PERCENT SOYBEAN MEAL REPLACEMENT OF FISH MEAL IN JUVENILE SCAPHIRHYNCHUS STURGEON DIETS". OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1118.
Texto completo da fonteCervantes, Cevallos Carlos Ángel. "Replacement of fish meal by meal worm (Eisenia foetida) in the feed of broilers as an alternative source of protein". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5346.
Texto completo da fonteLui, Flora Y. H. "The production of protein isolates from hexane-defatted ground yellow mustard meal". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/MQ40910.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLi, Qian. "Production of Carbohydrases for Developing Soy Meal as Protein Source for AnimalFeed". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1490572358360331.
Texto completo da fonteZakayo, Griffin A. "Evaluation of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal as a protein source for growing-finishing pigs". Thesis, Curtin University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2298.
Texto completo da fonteFairgrieve, William Thomas Jr. "Effects of dietary histamine on fish meal protein quality to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5331.
Texto completo da fonteLusweti, Francesca N. "Rumen undegradable protein in growing sheep diets /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842596.
Texto completo da fontePine, Harvey J. Daniels William H. "Replacement of fish meal with poultry by-product meal as a protein source in sunshine bass, Morone chyrsops x Morone saxatilis, diets". Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/PINE_HARVEY_41.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteZakayo, Griffin A. "Evaluation of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal as a protein source for growing-finishing pigs". Curtin University of Technology, Muresk Institute of Agriculture, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13519.
Texto completo da fonteAddition of water-soaked LLM to the diet significantly (P<0.05) lowered the DDM of the diet, whereas addition of FeS04-treated LLM significantly (P<0.05) reduced the DCP. Sun-drying, water-soaking and treatment of LLM with FeS04 solution, did not enhance the output of mimosine or 3,4-DHP in the urine and faeces. The results suggest that water soaking or treatment with FeS04 solution reduces the antinutritional factors (presumably including mimosine) and therefore improves the nutritional quality of LLM containing diets for pigs.
Viswanathan, T. V. "Evaluation of ruminal escape potential of crab meal and other protein supplements and influence of steam explosion of ruminal degradability of crab meal". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38168.
Texto completo da fonteZakayo, Griffin Allen. "Evaluation of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal as a protein source for growing-finishing pigs /". Full text available, 1998. http://adt.curtin.edu.au/theses/available/adt-WCU20031008.122905.
Texto completo da fonteChaklader, Md Reaz. "Supplementing insect meal and fish protein hydrolysates in barramundi, Lates calcarifer diet improves the inclusion efficiency of poultry by-product meal: a physiological approach". Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/86668.
Texto completo da fonteBlaufuss, Patrick. "EXPLORING SOY-DERIVED ALTERNATIVES TO FISH MEAL: USING SOY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE AND SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE IN HYBRID STRIPED BASS (Morone chrysops ♂ x M. saxatilis ♀) AQUACULTURE". OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/297.
Texto completo da fonteGARCIA, NAVA ALFREDO, e SALEM ABDELFATTAH ZEIDAN MOHAMED. "“IMPACT OF Moringa oleifera LEAF MEAL PROTEIN ON BIOMETHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN STEER DIETS”". Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, UAEM, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/67725.
Texto completo da fonteEl estudio del ecosistema ruminal implica analizar el funcionamiento de una compleja variedad de bacterias anaerobias obligadas, hongos y protozoarios que se rigen a ser seleccionados por la exigencia del rumen
Sullivan, Katherine B. "Replacement of fish meal by alternative protein sources in diets for juvenile black sea bass". View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/sullivank/katherinesullivan.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAgbo, Nelson W. "Oilseed meals as dietary protein sources for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/984.
Texto completo da fonteLunger, Angela Nicole. "Evaluation of organically certifiable alternate protein sources for production of the marine carnivore, cobia (Rachycentron canadum)". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35229.
Texto completo da fonteMaster of Science
Redmond, Emily Ja Young. "The protein metabolic response to ingestion of a complete meal in sarcopenic women and the potential anabolic effect of a leucine-rich meal: a pilot study". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106253.
Texto completo da fonteLa sarcopénie – perte musculaire associée au vieillissement – est une source de préoccupation, puisqu'elle affecte la force physique et le fonctionnement. Cette thèse a évalué si 1) la réponse anabolique du métabolisme protéique au repas est déficiente chez la femme âgée sarcopénique – un phénomène que nous estimons être largement responsable du déséquilibre entre la synthèse (S) et le catabolisme protéique qui résulte ultérieurement en la perte musculaire, 2) un repas enrichi en leucine (LEU), un acide aminé essentiel avec lequel il fut démontré qu'il stimule la S protéique, améliore la réponse anabolique au repas et 3) un repas enrichi-LEU affecte la thermogénèse et l'appétit. Nous avons procédé à la mesure du bilan en LEU corporel à l'aide d'un traceur isotopique, de même qu'à la dépense énergétique, aux profils des hormones sanguines, nutriments et appétit, et à l'activité intracellulaire de la voie de transduction de la S protéique musculaire, chez des femmes âgées > 61 ans, témoins en santé [n = 4; indice de masse corporelle : 24.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2; masse maigre (MM) : 39.4 ± 2.1 kg] et chez des femmes sarcopéniques (n = 5; 22.6 ± 1 kg/m2; 34.7 ± 0.4 kg), après ingestion d'un repas enrichi-LEU et non-enrichi-LEU dans un devis aléatoire, pairé et croisé. Les résultats préliminaires en kg MMC ne démontrent aucune différence entre les groupes dans le bilan en LEU corporel pour l'un ou l'autre des repas. Cependant le repas enrichi-LEU a stimulé d'avantage le bilan net sans affecter la thermogénèse et l'appétit. Les données musculaires obtenues par immunoblots (n = 6) ne démontrent pas d'activité réduite du mTORC1 et de ses substrat en aval PRAS40, 4E-BP1, S6K1 et rpS6 chez les femmes sarcopéniques. Il est par contre nécessaire d'obtenir plus de sujets avant de pouvoir formuler des conclusions. Des études longitudinales avec des suppléments LEU évaluant les taux de S protéique musculaire (SPM) postprandiaux chez les femmes sarcopéniques seront aussi nécessaires pour confirmer ces résultats.
Chapin, Clifford Arthur. "Protein partition and digesta flow in lactating Holsteins fed 2:1 and 1:2 soybean meal:fish meal". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74521.
Texto completo da fonteMaster of Science
Nazareth, Zara Matina. "Compositional, functional and sensory properties of protein ingredients prepared from gas-supported screw-pressed soybean meal". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteGray, Morgan. "Evaluation of oxidized rendered protein meals in pet foods". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20379.
Texto completo da fonteGrain Science and Industry
Greg Aldrich
Rendered protein meal is an important source of dietary protein and fat in pet food. However, fats in rendered meals can oxidize rapidly if not protected. The most common measurement of oxidation is the peroxide value (PV), but the analysis is highly variable. Additionally, the incorporation of oxidized protein further shortens its shelf life. Therefore, our objectives were to evaluate methods to measure fat quality in rendered protein meals and to determine the effect of increasingly oxidized protein meals on the shelf life of extruded pet foods. In Experiment 1, samples of five chicken byproduct meals (CBPM) from each of three locations and five beef meat and bone meals (BMBM) from each of two locations were analyzed for PV, anisidine value (AV), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The PV varied by method and location (P < 0.05). The alternative oxidation analytical methods, AV and TBARS, were not strongly correlated to PV (R² > 0.01). In Experiment 2, one metric ton of each unpreserved CBPM and unpreserved BMBM were collected and left unpreserved (U) or preserved with either ethoxyquin (E) or mixed tocopherols (T). These were held at ambient conditions (25°C, 51% RH) and monitored for PV and AV until values plateaued (41 and 63 days for CBPM and BMBM, respectively). Each “aged” meal was then incorporated into a model extruded cat food diet (~30% protein). Samples of kibble for each treatment were collected and stored at an elevated temperature and humidity (40°C, 70% RH) for 18 weeks and an ambient temperature and humidity (~22°C, 45% RH) for 12 months. The initial reduction (P < 0.05) in PV of the U (highly oxidized) BMBM and CBPM after processing suggests oxidation levels were diluted by food production. The oxidized meal led to a shorter shelf life (P < 0.05) in the finished food by PV analysis; but, sensory analysis by quick assessment did not completely corroborate these findings. These results suggest that PV doesn’t fully describe rendered protein meal stability or have a direct impact on shelf life for consumers; but may have a negative impact on pets due to oxidized lipid consumption.
Karlsson, Malin, e Linnea Sund. "Life cycle assessments of arable land use options and protein feeds : A comparative study investigating the climate impact from different scenarios in the agricultural sector". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129462.
Texto completo da fonteSnarr, Chandra. "Protein balance, metabolic and satiety responses to leucine- rich versus isonitrogenous meal in healthy post-menopausal woman". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106495.
Texto completo da fonteLes personnes âgées vivent souvent une perte d'appétit malgré leurs besoins en protéines relativement élevés. Une stratégie visant à favoriser la rétention des protéines est donc souhaitable. La leucine est un acide aminé à chaîne ramifiée qui possède des propriétés anaboliques via la stimulation de la synthèse protéique et la sécrétion d'insuline. La réponse postprandiale à un supplément de leucine a été peu étudiée et aucune étude n'a été menée exclusivement auprès des femmes âgées. Dans un devis expérimental d'études pairées-croisées, randomisées, menées à double-insu, nous avons mesuré le bilan protéique et les réponses métaboliques et de satiété de neuf femmes post-ménopausées, suite à un repas mixte enrichi en leucine versus un repas de contenu équivalent en azote. La réponse d'oxydation de la leucine, mesurée à l'aide d'infusion constante de [1-13C]leucine pendant 5 heures, était davantage augmentée suite au repas enrichi en leucine. Néanmoins, le bilan en leucine (apport-oxydation) était supérieur avec la leucine, ce qui représente une meilleure rétention protéique, sans affecter la satiété et les peptides gastro-intestinaux. Cette étude démontre le potentiel anabolique d'un repas enrichi en leucine chez les femmes post-ménopausées, qui peut être utilisé comme intervention nutritionnelle visant à promouvoir l'anabolisme protéique.
Nasrah, Rima. "Muscle and plasma protein synthesis in response to a leucine-enriched meal in sarco-dynapenic older women". Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121117.
Texto completo da fonteLa sarcopénie (perte de muscle) et la dynapénie (perte de force) sont des facteurs de risque d'incapacités, de chutes et de perte d'autonomie liés au vieillissement. L'acide aminé essentiel leucine est une molécule signalétique qui stimule la traduction de l'ARNm, la synthèse protéique et la sécrétion d'insuline, ce qui en fait un agent anabolique potentiel. Cette thèse a évalué les effets de l'ajout de leucine à un repas sur le bilan global de leucine et les taux de synthèse des protéines myofibrillaires, sarcoplasmiques et plasmatiques totales, chez 13 femmes âgées. L'étude avait un devis chassé-croisé, randomisé, à double insu versus un repas sans leucine ajoutée (total d'azote identique). Un effet possible de la sarco-dynapénie sur ces variables a été testé (n=7 femmes sarco-dynapéniques versus n=6 contrôles). Les taux de synthèse de protéines myofibrillaires (mesurés par incorporation de la [2H5]-phenylalanine) ont davantage augmenté suite au repas+leucine, contribuant à augmenter le bilan global de leucine (apport - oxidation, mesurée par la dilution de 1-[13C]leucine). La synthèse des protéines sarcoplasmiques et plasmatiques a été stimulée également par le repas avec ou sans leucine ajoutée. La présence de sarco-dynapénie n'a exercé aucun effet sur ces réponses des cinétiques de protéines. Les résultats suggèrent que l'ajout de leucine à un repas stimule la synthèse protéique myofibrillaire et la rétention globale de leucine. La capacité anabolique des femmes âgées sarco-dynapéniques était préservée; celles-ci pourraient donc bénéficier d'une telle intervention. Il reste à démontrer, dans de futures études, si la supplémentation à long terme de leucine résulte en une augmentation de la masse, la force et la fonction musculaire.
Finnigan, T. J. A. "The extraction, concentration and detoxification of rapeseed protein, with special reference to United Kingdom commercial rapeseed meal". Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371850.
Texto completo da fonteCUERO, NÚÑEZ TRINIDAD, e MOHAMED MOHAMED YASSEEN ELGHANDOUR MONA. "Moringa oleifera leaf meal as protein feed in goat’s diets: biomethane and carbon dioxide and fermentation kinetics”". Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, UAEM, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/67722.
Texto completo da fonteWen, Jinlei. "Effect of amino acids and vitamin D3 on performance and biological responses in poultry". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83506.
Texto completo da fontePh. D.
Wu, Yuqun. "The effects of moisture, lignosulfonate, alcohol and heat treatments on canola meal protein degradation and digestion in ruminants". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32038.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteHoang, Phuong Ha, Thi Ngoc Mai Cung, Thi Minh Nguyen, Thi Lien Do, Lan Phuong Do e Thi Nhi Cong Le. "Isolation and selection of probiotic bacteria capable of forming biofilm for fermenting soybean meal". Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32723.
Texto completo da fonteKhô đậu nành là sản phẩm còn lại từ quá trình ép dầu chứa tới 48% protein thô và thường được sử dụng làm thức ăn cho gia cầm, gia súc. Nhưng trong khô đậu nành còn chứa một lượng đáng kể một số chất ức chế dinh dưỡng, các chất ức chế này lại được phân hủy bởi quá trình lên men nhờ một số loài vi khuẩn, nấm mốc hay nấm men. Sản phẩm lên men khô đậu tương được sử dụng làm thức ăn cho gia cầm, gia súc hay nuôi trồng thủy sản. Trong những năm gần đây, các vi sinh vật tạo màng sinh học đã được ứng dụng để lên men các cơ chất như cám gạo, ngô, khô đậu nành… tạo sản phẩm probiotics. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã phân lập và tuyển chọn một số vi sinh vật có lợi tạo màng sinh học cao, sinh các enzyme tiêu hóa và kháng lại một số vi khuẩn gây bệnh cho mục đích lên men khô đậu nành. Kết quả đã lựa chọn được 4 chủng vi khuẩn NA5.3; TB2.1; TB4.3 TB4.4 có khả năng tạo màng sinh học cao, sinh các enzyme như amylase, protease và cellulose.Trong đó,hai chủng NA5.3 và TB4.4 có khả năng kháng lại một số vi khuẩn gây bệnh như Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Enterococcus faecalis; Bacillus cereus và Escherichia coli. Bốn chủng vi khuẩn lựa chọn được nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của các điều kiện lên khả năng tạo màng sinh học của chúng, chúng thích hợp ở pH 6-8; nhiệt độ 30-37°C; NaCl 0-3%, muối mật 0,5-2%. Sử dụng các chủng vi khuẩn này cho quá trình lên men rắn khô đậu tương, mật độ vi khuẩn sau khi lên men đạt 1011 CFU/gram.
Veiverberg, Cátia Aline. "Desempenho e características de carcaça de juvenis de carpa capim (ctenopharyngodon idella) em resposta a níveis e fontes de proteína da dieta". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10723.
Texto completo da fonteThis work was carried out to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) juveniles in response to dietary protein levels and sources. For this, two experiments were conducted: the first (80 days), evaluating four crude protein (CP) levels (22, 30, 36 and 44%) and the second (60 days), comparing protein sources in the diet: FCS (porcine meat meal - control); FC: canola meal; FG: sunflower meal and FCG: canola meal + sunflower meal. Both experiments were conducted in a water re-use system composed of 12 tanks (850 L), with three replicates per treatment. In experiment 1, 10 fish by tank (initial weight 153,0±1,5g) were fed 3% of body weight, twice daily, and the experiment 2 was provided ration (2% of biomass) in the morning and forage (Napier grass ad libitum) in the afternoon, to 15 fish by tank (initial weight 54,6±1,0g). Growth parameters (weight, specific growth rate, daily weight gain, relative weight gain and feed conversion ratio) and carcass (carcass and fillet yield, digestive somatic index, hepatic somatic index and visceral fat index, intestinal quotient, protein retention, protein efficiency rate and whole body and fillet protein and fat deposition) were evaluated. Moreover, the proximate composition (moisture, ash, fat and protein) in fillet and whole fish and blood parameters (glucose, total triglycerides, total cholesterol and total protein in both experiments and hematocrit in Experiment 1) were also evaluated. In experiment 2 was also determined the daily consumption of forage and the instrumental color. In experiment 1, linear positive effect of protein level for all growth variables was observed. However, the same effect was observed to whole body and fillet fat deposition, triglycerides and total cholesterol in serum, indicating that the protein from the diet was used as energy source. To feed conversion ratio and fat in whole fish, the effect was quadratic, with maximum response with 40.6 and 37.1% CP, respectively. Protein retention, protein efficiency ratio, protein deposition in whole body and fillet and hematocrit also showed linear positive effect, while the other parameters were not affected. In experiment 2, the growth parameters and the daily consumption of forage (1.24 to 2.11% of body weight) did not differ among the treatments. About proximate composition of whole fish, higher fat content and lower protein content, besides fillet ash, were obtained in the treatment FCG. The diet FCS presented the highest values of serum protein, triglycerides and total cholesterol. The fillet yield was higher in the treatments FCG and FC, while the digestive somatic index was higher in treatment FG and FCG. In the instrumental evaluation of color, the fillets from FCS and FCG diets showed higher value of L (brightness), differing only treatment FC. The other parameters did not differ among them. Based on this results, we can conclude that: the minimum protein level for maximum growth of grass carp in the growing phase, with practical diets, is 44%; the variation in dietary protein level promotes changes in metabolism of juvenile grass carp, reflected in hematological and carcass parameters; canola meal and sunflower meal can be used in diets for grass carp growing phase, when supplemented with limiting essential amino acids, without compromising growth.
Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho produtivo e qualidade de pescado de juvenis de carpa capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella) em resposta a níveis e fontes de proteína da dieta. Para isso, foram conduzidos dois experimentos: o primeiro, com 80 dias, avaliando quatro níveis de proteína bruta (22, 30, 36 e 44%) e o segundo, com 60 dias, avaliando fontes protéicas na dieta, em combinação com farelo de soja: FCS: farinha de carne suína; FC: farelo de canola; FG: farelo de girassol e FCG: farelo de canola + farelo de girassol. Ambos os experimentos foram conduzidos em sistema de recirculação de água com temperatura controlada, composto de 12 unidades experimentais (850 L), com três repetições por tratamento. No experimento 1, 10 animais por unidade experimental (peso inicial 153,0 ± 18,2g) foram alimentados com ração (3% da biomassa) duas vezes ao dia. No experimento 2, foram utilizados 15 animais por unidade experimental (peso inicial 54,7 ± 7,8g), alimentados com ração (2% da biomassa) pela manhã e capim elefante (à vontade) à tarde. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de crescimento (peso, taxa de crescimento específico, ganho em peso diário e relativo e conversão alimentar aparente) e de carcaça (rendimento de carcaça e filé, índices digestivossomático, hepatossomático e de gordura visceral, quociente intestinal, coeficiente de retenção protéica e deposições de proteína e gordura corporal e no filé). Além disso, a composição centesimal (umidade, cinzas, gordura e proteína) no filé e no peixe inteiro e os parâmetros sangüíneos (glicose, triglicerídeos totais, colesterol total e proteínas totais nos dois experimentos e hematócrito no experimento 1) também foram avaliados. No experimento 2 também foi determinado o consumo diário de forragem e a medida instrumental da cor. No experimento 1, houve efeito linear positivo do nível de proteína para todas as variáveis de crescimento. Entretanto, o mesmo efeito foi observado para a deposição de gordura corporal e no filé, triglicerídeos totais e colesterol total no soro, indicando que a proteína proveniente da dieta estava sendo utilizada como fonte de energia. Para conversão alimentar aparente e gordura no peixe inteiro, o efeito foi quadrático, com ponto de máxima em 40,6% de PB e 37,1%, respectivamente. Coeficiente de retenção protéica, taxa de eficiência protéica, deposição de proteína corporal e no filé e hematócrito também apresentaram efeito linear positivo. No experimento 2, os parâmetros de crescimento não diferiram estatisticamente entre os tratamentos. O consumo de forragem variou entre 1,24 e 2,11% do PV por dia, não diferindo entre os tratamentos. Na composição centesimal do peixe inteiro, maior teor de gordura e menor teor de proteína foram obtidos no tratamento FCG, bem como para cinzas no filé. A dieta FCS foi a que apresentou maiores valores de proteínas, triglicerídeos e colesterol total circulantes. O rendimento de filé foi maior nos tratamentos FC e FCG, enquanto o índice digestivossomático foi maior nos tratamentos FG e FCG. Na avaliação instrumental da cor, os filés obtidos dos tratamentos FCS e FCG apresentaram maior valor de L (luminosidade), diferindo apenas do tratamento FC. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que: o nível mínimo de proteína para o máximo crescimento da carpa capim na fase de recria, com dietas práticas, é de 44%; a variação do nível de proteína da dieta promove alterações no metabolismo dos juvenis de carpa capim, refletido nos parâmetros sangüíneos e de carcaça; farelo de canola e farelo de girassol podem ser utilizados em dietas para recria da carpa capim, quando for feita a suplementação com lisina e forragem, sem comprometer o crescimento.
Soto, Gonzalez Jose Alfredo. "Effects of low crude protein, amino acid fortified diets and neutral detergent fiber on finishing pig performance". Diss., Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38578.
Texto completo da fonteDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Michael D. Tokach
Eleven experiments using 5,434 growing-finishing pigs were performed in addition to the development of a model to predict dietary NE that yields the greatest economic benefit. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary phytogenics on growth and carcass performance of growing-finishing pigs. The addition of the combination of two phytogenics products (EOM 1+2) to diets improved ADFI, HCW, and carcass ADG. However, there was no evidence for treatment differences for growth or carcass performance in a second study. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding high SID Trp:Lys ratios with and without Ractopamine HCl (RAC) on growth and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, whereas increasing SID Trp:Lys ratio above 20% improved growth and carcass performance when diets contained RAC, pigs fed SID Trp:Lys ratios above 20% in diets without RAC had reduced growth and carcass performance. Contrary in Exp. 2, pigs fed increasing SID Trp:Lys in diet containing RAC did not provide further performance benefits. Three experiments were conducted to determine the optimum dietary SID Lys and CP concentrations in finishing pigs over 100 kg. The SID Lys requirement to obtain 100% of maximum response was 0.55 to 0.63% depending on the response variable. Growth and carcass performance was maximized in diets containing at least 12% dietary CP. Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of SBM concentration and whether dEB, choline, or K are the reasons that performance is reduced when pigs over 100 kg BW are fed low CP diets. Performance was reduced as SBM concentration was reduced in the diet. Choline, K, and dEB do not appear to be the reason that performance is reduced when SBM concentration is decreased in low CP diets fed to pigs over 100 kg BW. A Microsoft Excel®-based model to predict the value of dietary NE that yields the greatest economic return to the production system was developed. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was conducted to incorporate the impact of NDF on carcass yield in the model.
Keller, Judith Ina. "Protein Mass Spectrometry Aids In Chagas Vector Blood Meal Identification And Offers An Innovative Approach To Battling Vector-Borne Diseases". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/994.
Texto completo da fonteLoman, Abdullah Al. "Enzyme Based Processing of Soybean Meal: Production of Enriched Protein Product and Utilization of Carbohydrate as Fermentation Feedstock for Arabitol Production". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1480456278924992.
Texto completo da fonteMartinelli, Suziane Ghedini. "DINÂMICA DIGESTIVA PROTEICA E RESPOSTA DE DESEMPENHO EM JUNDIÁ (Rhamdia quelen)". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10830.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets with different speeds of protein digestion on performance, composition, metabolic parameters, glucose curve and protein absorption curve of silver catfishes. The effect of adding tannin to experimental diets with rapid digestion protein sources was also evaluated in relation to digestive and metabolic responses. Assays were performed in vitro for selection of protein sources with different digestion rates, which composed the following diets: PS- fishmeal (slow speed digestion) and soybean meal (fast speed digestion), PC: fishmeal and canola meal (average speed of digestion), PCS- fish meal, canola meal and soybean meal, PStan- fish meal and soybean meal (with addition of 1.5% tannin) and PCStan- fishmeal, canola meal and soybean meal (with addition of 1.5% tannin). The biological assay of growth was composed by 375 juvenile catfish (38 ± 3 g initial weight), which were divided into 15 experimental units, composing five treatments with three replications. At the end of 60 days, the animals were weighed and their size measured. Samples of blood, fillet, liver and digestive tract were taken. The proximate analysis of whole fish was also accomplished. Glucose and protein contents were determined in blood samples before feeding and hour after delivery of the experimental diets (2.5% weight), totaling 12 points of analysis. The apparent diet digestibility was determined in the diet and feces with chromium oxide as an indicator. The in vitro digestion analysis show large differences in the digestion of different protein ingredients and diets, as well as animal performance. The PS diet tends to lead to higher performance, higher carcass protein deposition, lower levels of carcass fat and lower protein retention, compared to PC diet. Indexes and hepato-somatic gonad were higher in animals PS diet, compared to PC diet. The PS diet also showed the best results for apparent digestibility, whereas diets with tannin showed the worst protein digestibility. The PCStan diet showed changes in blood parameters, which combined with glucose curve, may show an indication of animal stress. For other analyzes (liver and digestive tract), no differences were observed. Based on these results, we can conclude that: animal performance was not affected by the diets. The animals fed the PS diet had higher protein retention in the carcass. There were changes in blood parameters of animals from treatments with tannin and treatment PS. The addition of tannins in the diets did not improve performance, and its addition worsened the apparent digestibility of the ration.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de dietas com diferentes velocidades de digestão proteica sobre o desempenho, composição centesimal, parâmetros metabólicos, curva glicêmica e curva de absorção proteica de jundiás. O efeito da adição de tanino às dietas experimentais com fontes proteicas de rápida digestão também foi avaliado quanto às respostas digestivas e metabólicas dos animais. Foram realizados testes in vitro para seleção de fontes proteicas com diferentes tempos de digestão, que compuseram as dietas experimentais: PS- farinha de peixe (lenta velocidade de digestão) e farelo de soja (rápida velocidade de digestão); PC- farinha de peixe e farelo de canola (média velocidade de digestão), PCS: farinha de peixe, farelo de canola e de soja, PStan- farinha de peixe e farelo de soja (com adição de 1,5% de tanino) e PCStan- farinha de peixe, farelo de canola e de soja (com adição de 1,5% de tanino). No ensaio biológico de crescimento foram utilizados 375 juvenis de jundiá (38 ± 3g de peso inicial), divididos em 15 unidades experimentais em cinco tratamentos e três repetições. Ao final de 60 dias experimentais os animais foram pesados e medidos e realizadas coletas de sangue, filé, fígado e trato digestório, bem como, realizada análise centesimal de peixe inteiro. As curvas glicêmica e proteica foram determinadas a partir da coleta de sangue antes do arraçoamento e de hora em hora após o fornecimento das rações experimentais (2,5% peso vivo), totalizando 12 pontos de análise. Para a digestibilidade aparente das rações para os jundiás foi utilizado o óxido de cromo como indicador, quantificado nas rações e fezes. Foram observadas nas curvas de digestão in vitro, diferenças marcantes quanto à digestão dos diferentes ingredientes proteicos e das rações, se refletindo no desempenho dos animais. Mesmo sem mostrar diferenças significativas, foi possível observar uma tendência da dieta PS, que teve curva de digestão mais estável, a melhores resultados de desempenho e de deposição proteica na carcaça, quando comparada à dieta PC, com menores valores de gordura na carcaça, porém com menor retenção de proteína. Os índices hepato e gonado-somático foram maiores nos animais do tratamento PS, em comparação com os do tratamento PC. O tratamento PS, também apresentou os melhores resultados para digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes das rações, enquanto as dietas com adição de tanino apresentaram os piores resultados de digestibilidade de proteína das rações. Também na dieta PCStan, observou-se alterações nos parâmetros sanguíneos, o que aliado a curva glicêmica pode mostrar um indicativo de estresse nos animais alimentados com essa dieta. Para as demais análises (fígado e trato digestivo), não foram observadas diferenças. Com base nos resultados encontrados, pode-se concluir que: o desempenho dos animais não foi afetado pelas dietas. Os animais alimentados com a dieta PS apresentaram maior retenção de proteína na carcaça. Houve alterações nos parâmetros sanguíneos dos animais dos tratamentos com tanino e do tratamento PS. A adição de tanino nas dietas não apresentou melhora no desempenho, sendo que sua adição piorou a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes da ração.
McMullen, Carson. "The effects of protein supplementation on performance of beef cattle grazing native mixedgrass range in western Kansas". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20374.
Texto completo da fonteAnimal Sciences and Industry
John R. Jaeger
Cattle consuming low-protein forage (<7% CP) require additional supplemental protein to maintain BW and BCS. Daily delivery of protein supplements places undue financial burden on cattle producers. Supplementing cows as infrequently as once every 6 d) has resulted in similar changes cow BW and BCS when compared to daily supplementation. As calving season nears, producers may wish to increase supplementation frequency. The responses to a change in supplementation frequency during the third trimester of gestation have not been widely investigated. Therefore, our objective in Study 1 was to evaluate the effect of altering supplementation frequency during late gestation on performance of spring-calving cows grazing low-quality, dormant native range and supplemented with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDG). Angus × cows (n = 238; mean age = 6 ± 2.5 yr; average initial BW = 618 ± 56.2 kg; average initial BCS = 5.7 ± 0.03) were stratified by age, BW, BCS, and assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) DDG daily (D1); 2) DDG once every 6 d (D6); 3) DDG daily from d 1 to d 60 and then every 6 d (D1-D6); 4) DDG every 6 d from d 1 to d 60 and then daily (D6-D1). Treatments were initiated 100 d prior to expected onset of calving. Cow BW and BCS were measured every 28 d. Cows were sorted daily before supplementation at 0830 h. Supplement delivery was calculated to meet dietary CP requirements. Increasing supplementation frequency 28 d prepartum negatively affected final BW and BW change from d 61-88 for the D6-D1 supplementation group (P < 0.05) compared to other supplementation groups. Cow BW change for the study (d 1-88) was also less (P < 0.02) for the D6-D1 group compared to other groups but was also affected (P < 0.01) by year. Under the conditions of our study, increasing supplementation frequency 28 d before calving was not a viable means of increasing prepartum cow performance. The development of replacement heifers is a significant expense for cow-calf producers. Reducing the cost of heifer development programs while achieving high pregnancy rates is an industry-wide goal. Therefore, our objective in Study 2 was to determine if DDGS was a viable replacement for an oilseed meal-based protein supplement when developing heifers on low-quality, dormant native range. Treatments consisted of daily supplementation of either 1.65 kg DM DDG (DDG; 0.57 kg CP) or 1.37 kg DM of a 73.6% soybean meal and 26.4% rolled sorghum grain mixture (SBM-S; 0.56 kg CP). Treatments were administered from 1/15 until 4/8 (84 d). Initial BW and BCS were not different between treatments (P ≥ 0.29). Final BW and BCS also did not differ (P ≥ 0.55) between treatments; moreover, rates of BW and BCS change were not different (P ˃ 0.30) between treatments. Proportions of heifers pubertal before ovulation synchronization, first service conception rates, and final pregnancy rates were not affected (P > 0.40) by treatment. Under the conditions of our study supplemental CP fed at a rate of approximately 0.56 kg daily was sufficient to promote growth and BCS change adequate for optimal reproductive performance; moreover, supplement ruminal degradability of CP did not influence heifer performance over an 84-d development period.
Loureiro, Bruno Bianch. "Concentrado proteico de farelo de arroz como substituto da farinha de peixe em dietas para juvenis de jundiá (rhamdia quelen)". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10896.
Texto completo da fonteOur study tested the inclusion of rice meal protein concentrate (RMPC) in diets containing fish meal, to reduce their use in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) nutrition. Were evaluated growth parameters, body composition, deposition of nutrients, metabolic responses and digestive enzymes activities. RMPC was obtained from the Fish Farming Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS. During 45 days, 500 silver catfish juvenile with initial weight of 6.28 ± 0.12 g were average and randomly divided into 20 cylindrical tanks (280 L, each), connected tothermoregulated water recirculation system, two biological filters and ultraviolet filter. The fish were fed three times daily at 9: 00, 13h: 00 to 17h: 00 at apparent satiety, with diets increasing levels of inclusion of RMPC (10, 15, 20, and 30%). At end of the study, we evaluated growth parameters, body composition, nutrient deposition, digestive indices, activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymes, blood parameters and liver. The data were submitted to normality test and analysis of variance and the means were compared with the Control diet by Dunnett test, except weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR), which were calculated by analysis of cubic regression. Differences were considered significant at probability level of P <0.05. There were no mortalities during the experimental period. Significant differences in body composition, feed conversion, activity of digestive enzymes and plasma parameters of the fish fed with the experimental diets were observed. Significant differences were found for lower final weight and condition factor in fish fed the RMPC10 and RMPC15 diets, as well as lower body protein deposition and daily feed intake in RMPC10 diet. WG and SGR parameters (P = 0.003 and P = 0.004) set up to the cubic regression model, indicating the optimal level of inclusion of RMPC in the diet for maximum growth (25.01% and 25.07% respectively). Fish fed the RMPC30 diet had lower protein efficiency ratio (PER) and hepatossomatic index (HSI) as well as increased activity enzyme alanine aminotransferase. Based on the results obtained, it can be seen that the inclusion of 20% RMPC in diet did not change any of the parameters analyzed in this study, showing growth performance numerically superior to the control and the other diets, demonstrating significant nutritional quality of RMPC. Therefore, adding 20% of RMPC can be used in diets for silver catfish, as an alternative protein ingredient to reduce the use of fishmeal.
Nosso estudo testou a inclusão do concentrado proteico de farelo de arroz (CPFA) em dietas contendo farinha de peixe, visando reduzir seu uso na alimentação de jundiás (Rhamdia quelen). Foram avaliados parâmetros de crescimento, composição corporal, deposição de nutrientes, respostas metabólicas e atividades de enzimas digestivas. O CPFA foi obtido do Laboratório de Piscicultura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS. Durante 45 dias, 500 juvenis de jundiá com peso médio inicial de 6,28 ± 0,12 g foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 20 tanques circulares de polietileno (280 L cada), conectados a um sistema de recirculação de água termorregulado dotado de tanque de decantação, dois filtros biológicos, reservatório de água e filtro ultravioleta. Os peixes foram alimentados três vezes ao dia às 9h:00, 13h:00 e 17h:00, até a saciedade aparente com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de inclusão do CPFA (10, 15, 20, e 30%). Ao final do estudo, foram avaliados parâmetros de crescimento, composição corporal, deposição de nutrientes, índices digestórios, atividades das enzimas tripsina e quimotripsina, parâmetros plasmáticos e hepáticos. Os dados foram submetidos a teste de normalidade e análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas com o controle por teste de Dunnett, exceto para ganho de peso (GP) e taxa de crescimento específico (TCE) que foram calculados por análise de regressão cúbica. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas a um nível de probabilidade de P<0,05. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para composição corporal, conversão alimentar aparente, atividade de enzimas digestivas e parâmetros plasmáticos dos peixes alimentados com as dietas experimentais. Foram encontrados menor peso final e fator de condição nos peixes alimentados com as dietas CPFA10 e CPFA15, além da menor deposição de proteína corporal e consumo diário de ração na dieta CPFA10. Os parâmetros de crescimento GP e TCE ajustaram-se (P = 0,003 e P = 0,004) ao modelo de regressão cúbica, indicando o nível ideal de inclusão do CPFA na dieta para o máximo crescimento (25,01% e 25,07%, respectivamente). Os peixes alimentados com a dieta CPFA30 apresentaram menor taxa de eficiência proteica e índice hepatossomático, além de maior atividade da enzima alanina aminotransferase. Com base nos resultados obtidos, é possível observar que a inclusão de 20% de CPFA na dieta não alterou nenhum dos parâmetros analisados neste estudo, demonstrando desempenho de crescimento numericamente superior ao controle e as demais dietas, demonstrando a significativa qualidade nutricional do CPFA. Portanto, a inclusão de 20% de CPFA pode ser utilizada em dietas para jundiás, como ingrediente proteico alternativo para reduzir o uso da farinha de peixe.
Aguilar, Daniel. "Use of Soybean Meal, Raw Soybeans, & Heat-Treated Soybeans as Protein Supplements with & without Niacin for Dairy Cows in Early Lactation". TopSCHOLAR®, 1987. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2103.
Texto completo da fonteKaralazos, Vasileios. "Sustainable alternatives to fish meal and fish oil in fish nutrition : effects on growth, tissue fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/220.
Texto completo da fonteKrome, Carsten Alexander. "Studies on the suitability of Jatropha curcas kernel meal as an alternative protein source in diets for carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21265.
Texto completo da fonteColoni, Rodrigo Dias [UNESP]. "Utilização da polpa cítrica ou do farelo de girassol em rações de coelhos em crescimento". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95258.
Texto completo da fonteCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização da polpa cítrica e do farelo de girassol em substituição ao feno de alfafa e farelo de soja, como fontes de fibra e proteína, respectivamente. O feno de alfafa foi substituído pela polpa cítrica em 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. O farelo de soja foi substituído pelo farelo de girassol em 0, 16, 25,5, 32,3 e 40%. Para os ensaios de digestibilidade foram utilizados 20 coelhos com 35 dias de idade submetidos a 5 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Nas análises de desempenho, parâmetros de carcaça e avaliação econômica foram utilizados 40 coelhos dos 35 aos 75 dias de idade. Para tratamentos que continham polpa cítrica foram observadas diferenças para os coeficientes de digestibilidade do extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, proteína bruta além de proporcionar melhor peso final e ganho de peso. Para tratamentos com o farelo de girassol não houve problemas com a digestibilidade dos ingredientes além de proporcionar resultados positivos de peso e características de carcaça
The objective was to evaluate the use of citrus pulp and sunflower meal in replacement of alfalfa hay and soybean meal as sources of fiber and protein, respectively. The alfalfa hay was replaced by citrus pulp at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The soybean meal was replaced by sunflower meal at 0, 16, 25.5, 32.3 and 40%. For the digestibility trials were used twenty with 35 days old rabbits subjected to five treatments and four replications. In the analysis of performance, carcass characteristics and economic evaluation were used 40 rabbits from 35 to 75 days old. For treatments containing citrus pulp differences were observed for the digestibility coefficients of ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude protein as well as providing a better final weight and weight gain. For treatments with sunflower meal there were no problems with the digestibility of ingredients in addition to providing positive results in weight and carcass traits
Dang, Yu. "Value-added Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil, Post-consumer PET Bottles and Soybean Meal into Biodiesel and Polyurethane Products". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468591615.
Texto completo da fonteQueiroz, Mário Adriano Ávila. "Desempenho, características de carcaça e parâmetros metabólicos de cordeiros recebendo rações ricas em amido e fontes protéicas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-15072008-141711/.
Texto completo da fonteProtein sources in starch rich diets for finishing lambs were evaluated in this study. Twenty-eight Santa Ines ram lambs were used to determine the effects of using different protein sources in dry matter intake, average daily gain and characteristics of carcass and meat. Lambs were assigned, by weight and age at the beginning of the trial, in a complete randomized block design. Experimental diets were isonitrogen with 90% concentrate and 10% coastcross hay. Rations were formulated using the Small Ruminant Nutrition system (SRNS) version 1.8.1 and had one of the following protein sources: soybean meal, peanut meal, canola meal or cottonseed meal. A metabolism assay using a Latin square 4 x 4 design also was performed. Four rumen cannulated wethers were used to determine protein sources physical characteristics: water holding capacity (WHC), solubility, mean particle size and density in relation with ruminal degradability and rate of passage. Microbial nitrogen contamination of TMR was corrected by in neutral detergent fiber insoluble nitrogen. Total tract diet digestibility, nitrogen balance, ammonia nitrogen concentration (N-NH3), short chain fatty acids, ruminal pH and microbial protein synthesis were determined. In addition, fecal starch concentration was evaluated as an indicator to estimate starch digestibility in the ration. Performance and metabolic data were compared to SRNS estimates. Protein sources did not affected performance or carcass and meat characteristics. Water holding capacity and solubility affected (P<0.05) DM effective degradability. Cottonseed diet resulted in lower (P<0.05) CP effective degradability showing higher (P<0.05) excretion of fecal N. Microbial contamination underestimated diet degradation in 13.5%. Canola meal diet had the lower rate of passage and the main physical parameter related with this variable was water holding capacity. Peanut meal diet had high concentration of NNH3 and the lowest short chain fatty acids concentration. However, microbial N synthesis and excretion of N in urine were similar among treatments. Fecal starch concentration was a good indicator to estimate starch digestibility showing a coefficient of determination of 93%. Estimates from SRNS for DM intake and rate of passage were different from observed data. There results may contribute to predict nutrient requirements and biological value of feeds for lambs.
Penn, Michael H. "The effects of dietary soybean saponins on growth and performance, intestinal histology and immune response of first feeding rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss". Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1119027556.
Texto completo da fonteTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 105 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-105). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Lovatto, Naglezi de Menezes. "METABOLISMO E EFICIÊNCIA ZOOTÉCNICA DE JUNDIÁS (Rhamdia quelen) ALIMENTADOS COM CONCENTRADOS PROTEICOS VEGETAIS". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10794.
Texto completo da fonteThis work was conducted to evaluate the growth and metabolism of jundiá fed protein concentrates of sunflower meal and crambe as a substitute source of vegetable protein, 25 and 50% of animal protein. The work was divided into two distinct phases. The first consisted in obtaining and characterization of protein concentrates of sunflower meal and crambe methodology using concentration by isoelectric pH (Smith et al, 1946), with modifications. We obtained values of 51.42 and 50.37% crude protein and yield of 48.30 and 50.32% respectively. Regarding the profile of amino acids, the protein concentration in crambe meal increased levels of lysine and methionine in 50.29 and 122.00%, respectively. In sunflower protein concentrate increased by 41.5 and 186%. In the second phase the biological assay was conducted for 52 days in water recirculation system. We used 300 jundiás with average initial weight of 14.59 ± 0.18 g, these animals were housed in 15 experimental units of 280L net volume of each. The initial stocking density was 1.04 g fish / L water. We evaluated two levels (25 and 50%) partial replacement of protein coming from the flour meat and swine bone by protein concentrates in question. At the end of the period, there were no statistical differences for weight (W). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher in the Control and CPFG-25% diets (P <0.05). There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) for specific growth rate (SGR), relative weight gain (RWG) e average daily gain (ADG). In relation to condition factor (CF), the highest values were found in the diet CPFG-25%. There was no statistical difference (P> 0.05) in dry matter, protein and crude protein deposited (CPD) in carcasses of animals subjected to different diets. We found a higher lipid content and total fat deposited (TFD) in the diet CPFG-50%. For carcass yield (CY) and digestive rates was not significant between the experimental diets. The activities of digestive enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin showed no statistical differences in diets. There was no significant difference for any of the analyzed blood parameters (glucose, total circulating protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides). The animals diet CPFG-25% had higher liver glycogen stock (p <0.05). It was found increased activity (p <0.05) of the enzyme glutamic-pyruvic transaminases (GPT) in animals of the control diet. Was observed increase in the concentration of free amino acids in fish fed diet CPFG- 25%. It can be concluded that the use of protein concentrates of sunflower meal and crambe meal did not affect growth and weight gain of fish as well as metabolism. The protein concentrate of sunflower meal was more metabolically efficient than crambe meal. The animals fed diet CPFG-25% had improved metabolic efficiency of use of the ingredients.
Este trabalho foi conduzido a fim de avaliar o crescimento e metabolismo de jundiás alimentados com concentrados proteicos de farelos de girassol e crambe como substitutos de fonte protéica de origem vegetal, em 25 e 50% da proteína. O trabalho foi dividido em duas fases distintas. A primeira consistia na obtenção e caracterização dos concentrados proteicos dos farelos de girassol e crambe utilizando-se metodologia de concentração através do pH isoelétrico (SMITH et al., 1946), com modificações. Obtiveram-se valores de 51,42 e 50,37% de proteína bruta e rendimento de 48,30 e 50,32%, respectivamente. Em relação ao perfil de aminoácidos, a concentração protéica no farelo de crambe elevou os teores de lisina e metionina em 50,29 e 122,00%, respectivamente. No concentrado proteico de girassol houve aumento de 41,5 e 186%. Na segunda fase foi conduzido o ensaio biológico durante 52 dias, em sistema de recirculação de água. Foram utilizados 300 jundiás com peso médio inicial de 14,59±0,18g, esses animais foram alojados em 15 unidades experimentais de 280L de volume útil cada. A densidade de estocagem inicial foi de 1,04g de peixe/L de água. Foram avaliados dois níveis (25 e 50%) de substituição parcial da proteína advinda da farinha de carne e ossos suína pelos concentrados proteicos em questão. Ao final do período experimental não houve diferença estatística para peso (P). A conversão alimentar aparente (CAA) foi maior nas dietas Controle e CPFG-25% (P<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para taxa de crescimento específico (TCE), ganho de peso relativo (GPR), ganho de peso diário (GPD). Em relação ao fator de condição (FC), os maiores valores foram encontrados na dieta CPFG-25%. Não houve diferença estatística (P>0,05) no teor de matéria seca, proteína e proteína bruta total depositada (PBTD) na carcaça dos animais submetidos às distintas dietas. Foi encontrado maior teor de lipídeos e gordura total depositada (GTD) na dieta CPFG-50%. Para rendimento de carcaça (RC) e índices digestivos não houve significativa entre as dietas experimentais. As atividades das enzimas digestivas tripsina e quimotripsina não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas nas dietas testadas. Não houve diferença significativa para nenhum dos parâmetros sanguíneos analisados (glicose, proteínas totais circulantes, albumina, colesterol e triglicerídeos). Os animais da dieta CPFG-25% apresentaram maior estoque de glicogênio hepático (p<0,05). Detectou-se aumento da atividade (p<0,05) da enzima transminase glutamopirúvica (TGP) nos animais da dieta controle. Foi verificado aumento no teor de aminoácidos livres nos peixes que receberam a dieta CPFG-25%. Pode-se concluir que a utilização dos concentrados proteicos de farelos de girassol e crambe, não afeta o crescimento e ganho de peso dos peixes bem como o metabolismo. O concentrado proteico de farelo de girassol mostrou-se mais eficiente metabolicamente do que o farelo de crambe. Os animais que receberam a dieta CPFG-25% apresentaram a melhor eficiência de uso metabólico dos ingredientes.