Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Propriétés diélectriques dynamiques"
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Allart, Alexandre. "Etude des propriétés physiques et dynamiques d’électrolytes mésogènes photosensibles". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10127/document.
Texto completo da fonteSolid organic electrolytes are of major scientific interest from fundamental standpoint and they have numerous potential technological applications, such as high-capacity rechargeable batteries, fuel cells or sensors. One way to obtain these materials is to dissolve alkali salts into media based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) derivatives. Recently, it has been demonstrated that some geometric factors of these (macro)molecules, such as proximity of polar and non-polar elements, PEO chain length or partial ordering of the PEO segments, can improve the ionic conductivity. Based on these observations, photosensitive mesogenic compounds bearing PEO chains were doped with lithium salts. The physical characteristics of these hybrid materials have been investigated by optical microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. In particular, the ionic conductivity has been studied for two different anchoring conditions, i.e., planar and homeotropic. It is shown that the anisotropy of the liquid crystalline phase influences the ionic conductivity of the sample and thus the charge motion. Planar anchoring conditions provided the highest ionic conductivity. Then, the impact of UV irradiation on the molecular order has been investigated. Upon UV light, a Trans-Cis isomerisation mechanism of the azobenzene moieties present in the chore of the molecules takes places inducing the transformation of stick-like shape molecules (nematic phase) to chevron-like shape molecules (isotropic state). This phenomenon strongly affects the ionic conductivity evidencing the major role of the anisotropy on the conduction process. In order to investigate the dynamic properties of these systems under illumination a current/voltage study has also been carried out showing the potential use of these photosensitive mesogenic electrolytes as sensors. Finally, the LC phase has been stabilized by using a polymerization mechanism of photosensitive mesogenic monomers. It is interesting to point out that the fabricated gel exhibits enhanced electrical properties compared to that of the non-stabilized LC phase
Fakraoui, Oumaima. "Corrélation entre les propriétés diélectriques et mécaniques de nanocomposites à matrice polymère". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0161.
Texto completo da fonteIn materials science, correlating the dielectric and mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites is of significant importance. This correlation allows for predicting dielectric behaviors from mechanical characteristics and vice versa, offering an effective alternative for material characterization, particularly when experimental testing is limited. The application of fractional models to establish this correlation is a significant innovation, enabling the optimization of material performance across various applications. With growing environmental awareness, this research also addresses the use of biomass-derived materials due to their biodegradability and lower environmental impact. Specifically, it explores the incorporation of cellulosic fillers, developing and studying cellulose nanoparticles as reinforcements in a biodegradable polymer matrix. The research investigates the thermal, structural, dielectric, and mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposites. The primary focus is on correlating dielectric and mechanical properties using fractional models. This correlation enables the prediction of dielectric responses from mechanical results and vice versa. Experimental results demonstrate the impact of bio-based reinforcements on the PVA/CS matrix, with a detailed examination of dynamic dielectric and mechanical properties. The study establishes a traditional correlation between these properties and further explores the sensitivity of fractional models. It validates the approach by correlating the dynamic dielectric and mechanical responses of polylactic acid (PLA) and then applies this correlation to the PVA/CS blend, showing the capability to predict permittivity from the storage modulus and vice versa
Sender, Cyril. "Elaboration et étude des propriétés physiques de nanocomposites hybrides à finalité orthopédique". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1078/.
Texto completo da fonteIn orthopaedics, the implantation of biomaterials having higher mechanical properties than bone leads to physiological stress field deviation (stress-shielding effect) disturbing calcified tissues remodelling processes. In a biomimetic way and based on the mechanical impedance matching concept, this work deals with processing and physical properties study of hybrid nanocomposites composed of a polyamide matrix reinforced with hydroxyapatite nanoparticules. The calorimetric analysis by DSC allowed the determination of nanoparticles effect on matrix dynamic crystallisation. The dielectric techniques BDS and TSC pointed out two principal relaxation processes and provided information about the nanoparticles localisation. Dynamic and static mechanical measurements (respectively by DMA and three point bending) displayed the combined reinforcing effect of hydroxyapatite and absorbed water for T
Bonhommeau, Sébastien. "Dynamique et propriétés photo-induites de la transition de spin moléculaire". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30097.
Texto completo da fonteSpin crossover complexes are serious candidates for potential applications in molecular devices. This dissertation gives a few pieces of evidence. They are likely to present, at the same temperature, two easily addressable and detectable long-lived states (the high-spin HS state and the low-spin LS one). Photoexcited at low temperature, their slow relaxation from the HS to the LS state may be governed by intramolecular vibrational modes and interactions. The application of magnetic field and pressure pulses longer than the millisecond or that of nanosecond light pulses generate respectively a LS→HS, HS→LS or a bi-directional (LS↔HS) spin crossover. Finally, the change in electronic polarisability between thermo- or photo-induced spin states enables their electrical identification. These recent discoveries open new avenues in the perspective of designing the optical switches and molecular memories of tomorrow. .
Jeloaica, Léonard. "Etude ab initio des mécanismes réactionnels dans la phase initiale du dépôt par par couches atomiques des oxydes à moyenne et forte permittivité sur silicium". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30077.
Texto completo da fonteThis work attempts to bring a new light on the understanding of some critical aspects of the physicochemical processes that control Alumina, Zirconia and Hafnia ALD growth, yet not sufficiently understood. These materials are addressed as potentially best candidates to replace gate dielectric SiO2 in the near future electronic applications. Most accurate ab initio correlated methods, like couple-cluster CCSD(T) and CISD(T), with different basis sets functions, as well as the available experimental data have been used for testing by a systematic study the accuracy and the reliability of DFT B3LYP functional. Our results have claimed this hybrid-DFT method to be chosen in predicting of high accurate static and dynamic properties throughout the family of organometallic-like (AlxCyHzOt) and transition metal-based (Zr/HfxClyOzHt) molecular systems. First systematic study of torsional potential surfaces of TMA has been performed and the related features of the hindered rotors of the methyl groups revealed with high accuracy. Laying on these accurate results we have also proposed least-squared fit methods to determine frequency scaling factors subject to different thermodynamic properties and/or thermal conditions. Many-step reaction mechanisms of ALD gas phase precursors of each of the three oxides with residual water, or regime of low pressure H2OÓALD pulses, have been studied in detail. Strong anharmonic internal movements of molecular species throughout the hydrolysis reactions have been observed and qualitatively discussed in relation with their possible effects on the reactions' kinetics. TMA/H2O reactions have been validated as strongly exothermic, while Hafnium and Zirconium tetrachlorides have founded to react endothermically with single H2O molecule. We have also studied in detail reaction mechanisms of the related on-surface ALD-complexes with water vapors. Our theoretical investigations address to the initial stage of ALD growth, more s pecifically on SiO2/Si(001)-2x1 like surfaces. The proposed many-step mechanisms, similar to those discussed for the gas phase, confirmed again the strong reactivity of H2O molecule with on-surface Aluminum hydroxymethylides, and responds strong endothemically as for the hydroxylation of Zirconium and Hafnium on-surface hydroxychlorides. The last two proved a very similar surface chemistry. Finally the cooperative effects of H2O molecules have been considered in our models of reactions, and have revealed dramatic influences on the reactivity Zirconium- and Hafnium hydroxychlorides surfaces. Our results proved the importance of both cooperative interactions of on-surface complexes and H2O molecules in the case of the Zirconia and HafniaÓALD growth, while for Aluminum oxide, presently considered ideal for ALD growth, these effects seem of secondary importance
Riedel, Clément. "Propriétés diélectrique et mécanique des polymères aux échelles macro et nanoscopiques". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582827.
Texto completo da fonteBibonne, François. "Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique moléculaire dans les cristaux liquides antiferroélectriques à partir de leurs propriétés diélectriques". Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10702.
Texto completo da fonteLefort, Thibaut. "Réseaux époxy/liquide ionique avec et sans anhydride : Etude des mécanismes de polymérisation et des propriétés diélectriques". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI126.
Texto completo da fonteIonic liquids (Ils) are salts exhibiting a low melting temperature (minus 100 °C). They display interesting properties such as good thermal and chemical stabilities and a high ionic conductivity. For example, these properties make them attractive as lubricant, electrolyte or additive in polymer science. In this thesis, ionic liquids are proposed as a solution for charge accumulation occurring in epoxy based insulators of gas insulated substations (GIS), under high voltage direct current (HVDC). An increase of conduction phenomenon is researched in order to reduce charge accumulation on the surface of insulators during their service. The influence of the addition of IL on the polymerisation of the epoxy network and its properties has been evaluated with and without a conventional anhydride hardener, using a phosphonium based IL, known as reactive and initiator of the epoxy polymerisation. Polymerisation mechanisms were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in liquid phase and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the networks and their microstructure by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and their morphology by electronic microscopy (SEM or TEM). Finally, dielectric properties were studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy and DC conductivity measurements and were discussed in function of the architecture of the different networks
Linnik, Ekaterina. "Propriétés spectrales des paraélectriques quantiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0037.
Texto completo da fonteA quantum paraelectric SrTiO3 is a material situated in close proximity to a quantum critical point of ferroelectric transition in which the critical temperature of ferroelectric state is suppressed down to 0 K. However, the understanding of the behaviour of the phase transition in the vicinity of this point remains challenging. Here we study the solid solutions based on the SrTiO3 to approach the pre-critical regions of the phase diagram and study the outcome of the coexistence of quantum fluctuations and thermal motion. It will allow the discovery of the novel phase statements and physical properties, occurring due to competition of quantum and classical regimes. We study the crystal structure and lattice dynamics of quantum paraelectric BaxSr1 xTiO3 solid solutions using X-Ray diffraction, Raman and terahertz-infrared (THz-IR)-spectroscopies in a temperature range 4-300K. The X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveal the cubic-to-tetragonal non-polar structural phase transition at about 100K. At the same time, Raman spectra manifest the presence of polar modes, TO2 and TO4, normally prohibited in paraelectric phase. Emergence of these modes indicates the appearance of the polar nanoregions in a broad temperature range. The modes become more intensive at low temperatures, the temperature dependence of their intensities on cooling reveals the kink-like change of the slope from flat to steep, indicating on activation of polar nanoregions. The transmission THz-IR-spectra show, that squared frequencies of the polar TO1 soft modes, responsible for the ferroelectric transition, follow the Cochran’s behavior at high temperatures. However, at low temperatures, it does not vanish at extrapolated Curie temperature but saturates, demonstrating the plateau feature below 20K. This behavior, coherent with the known saturation of the dielectric constant, indicates that transition to ferroelectric phase in BaxSr1-xTiO3 is suppressed by quantum fluctuations and system stays in the quantum paraelectric state at very low temperatures. Using the concentration of Pb in PbxSr1-xTiO3 solid solutions as a tuning parameter and applying the combination of Raman and dielectric spectroscopy methods we approach the quantum critical point in PbxSr1-xTiO3 and study the interplay of classical and quantum phenomena in the region of criticality. We obtain the critical temperature of PbxSr1-xTiO3 and the evolution of the temperature-dependent dynamical properties of the system as a function of x to reveal the mechanism of the transition. We show that the ferroelectric transition occurs gradually through the emergence of the polar nanoregions. We study also the cubic-to-tetragonal structural transition, occurring at higher temperatures, and show that its properties are almost concentration-independent and not affected by the quantum criticality. We also study the dielectric properties for the PbxSr1-xTiO3 in detail and show that in the composition with x = 0.005, a smooth plateau is observed in the temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity. The height of the plateau depends on the Pb concentration and gradually decreases when x increases. This plateau arises due to random quantum fluctuations of the ions which dominate at low temperatures and concentrations. At higher x, the thermal fluctuations become more pronounced; therefore the plateau disappears
Lezaca, Jorge. "Conception et réalisation d’une méthode de caractérisation hyperfréquence large bande : application à la mesure des propriétés électromagnétiques des diélectriques et des ferrites aimantés". Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2029.
Texto completo da fonteThe electromagnetic (EM) characterization of materials is an important phase in the design process of telecommunication devices and systems, in particular in those used in signal processing applications. The magnetic media used in microwave frequencies (ferrites, magnetodielectric composites, etc. ) imposes some difficulties in this area because of the anisotropy and the strong dispersion of ferrites EM properties. One particularity of ferrite characterization is related to the fact that their properties have to be measured at different magnetization states. Currently, no standard measurement method is able to estimate the variation of their properties if their magnetization state is modified. Thus, methods giving direct access b the permeability tensor elements must be developed, considering a wide frequency range and the different magnetization states of the material. The objective of this thesis was to design and develop an EM characterization method for magnetized ferrites from 100 MHz to 10 GHz. We proposed an original measurement cell based on a non-reciprocal stripline structure. To develop the data processing program of the method, we analyzed the measurement cell using a full-wave technique in which we take into account the fundamental propagation mode and the superior modes, in particular the exited magnetostatic modes. We showed that these modes have an important influence on the propagation of the EM wave inside the measurement cell, hence modifying the precision of the obtained results. To minimize the errors related to the signal to noise ratio (SIN) of the measuring equipment (vector network analyzer), we chose a broadband resolution of the inverse problem of the method. This enables the characterization of longer samples (more volume) that those used in traditional techniques (based on monofrequential inverse problem resolutions), thus enhancing the wave/material interaction and the precision of the measurements. The characterization method was validated using samples of well-known EM characteristics and by comparison with 3D simulations (Ansoft HFSS software). The developed method gives the possibility to characterize some of the material properties often used by the ferrite manufacturers and non-reciprocal deceives designers like S\DeltaSH or the gyromagnetic resonance frequency (FRM). This method also authorizes broadband EM characterization of dielectric samples. These two last advantages give a very general character to the method
Housseini, Joulia. "Corrélation entre la dynamique moléculaire, le polymorphisme cristallin et les propriétés électroactives des polymères à base de poly(fluorure de vinylidène) pour des applications pyroélectriques et de récupération d'énergie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0170.
Texto completo da fonteVinylidene Fluoride (VDF)-based polymers are well-known electroactive materials with their high output functional performance leveraged by the piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and electrocaloric effects. Besides, their outstanding electroactive properties, their ability to be incorporated into flexible devices allow them to be integrated into a broad range of applications such as sensors, energy storage, printed memories, electro caloric refrigeration, artificial muscles devices. The dielectric properties of VDF-based polymers are strongly influenced by their macromolecular architecture and semi-crystalline structure. Consequently, understanding the relationship between chemical sequence, crystallinity and electroactive properties is essential to optimize their performance and stability in targeted applications. Modulation of their electroactivity is directly associated with the development of crystalline polymorphism, which can be refined by variations in processing conditions. The central objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to further decipher the multiple semi-crystalline structures of VDF-based polymers and correlate crystalline polymorphism with electroactive behavior. In this work, we particularly delved into the integration of P(VDF-co-TrFE) copolymer into pyroelectric devices, by highlighting the impact of the casting and annealing processes on the semi-crystalline structure and the final pyroelectric properties. A combination of X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, dielectric spectroscopy and polarization cycles measurements were used to probe the structural characteristics of P(VDF-co-TrFE) layers as function of the film processing methods, leading to the optimization of the final pyroelectric response. Next, we sought at the optimization of P(VDF-ter-TrFE-ter-CTFE) systems used for energy-harvesting or cooling applications by rationalizing the impact of processing conditions – with a focus on the role of the casting solvents – on the relaxor ferroelectric properties. Finally, we have explored the use of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to unravel the relationship between macromolecular structure, crystalline polymorphism and electroactive properties, which allows us to provide a clearer picture of these complex systems by differentiating three different states of ordering in these materials: an amorphous, rigid-amorphous and crystalline phases. In summary, this study aims to establish connections between the macromolecular architecture of electroactive polymers and their thin film crystalline structure to enhance their dielectric functionalities for specific applications
Bao, Congyu. "Cellulose acetate / plasticizer systems : structure, morphology and dynamics". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10049/document.
Texto completo da fontePolysaccharides are one of the main options to the on-going move towards the use of renewable polymers. The industrial interest in this type of polymers drastically shrunk by the advent of synthetic polymers in the fifties, but is currently reviving due to the public awareness on the limit of fossil resources. These biopolymers are nowadays offering a challenging and industrially profitable playground for researchers. However, current polysaccharides based materials are mostly processed with extensive use of solvents (including water) making the total process an environmental burden despite the advantage of the starting material. Development of thermoplastic cellulose-based materials is very challenging regarding both final material properties and polymer processing. The degradation temperature of Cellulose Acetate (CA) (degree of substitution 2.5) is so close to its melting temperature that it can only be processed with a significant amount of external plasticizers (between 20 et 30 wt.% depending on the type of the additive). Behavior of a CA-plasticizer blend is mainly governed by a ‘network’ of high polar interactions, the strength and the density of which clearly depend of 3 specific parameters: the CA’s degree of substitution, the typology of the plasticizer, the amount of plasticizer. In an attempt to explain the different plasticization mechanisms, it is thus of utmost importance for us to study and understand the dynamic properties (regarding the relaxation phenomena) of this kind of systems and how the three levers that we identified can influence or modulate the different interactions exchanged within the blends
Varol, Nagihan. "Analyse thermique avancée et propriétés de transport de matériaux polylactide stéréocomplexe". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR019/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe originality of this work is based on analysis of physical and physicochemical properties of polylactide mixtures of different chirality (poly L-lactic acid and poly D-lactic acid) and on the influence of the chirality on the amorphous phase’s properties. The materials mixtures are elaborated from two homopolymers (PLLA and PDLA) according to two methods; solution casting or extrusion. Totally amorphous and isotropically crystallized materials with more or less confined amorphous phase were studied. It is shown that a stereocomplex crystalline phase can be obtained only under certain experimental conditions. The results of the thermal and permeation analyzes showed that the PLLA / PDLA mixture improved certain properties of the material, namely higher barrier properties towards liquid water and gases were obtained compared to parent homopolymers. In order to study the molecular mobility of amorphous phases, physical aging and structural relaxation (α and β relaxation), the Cooperative Rearrangement Region (CRR) concept has been applied. It has been shown that the amorphous phases of the homopolymers and the mixture have exactly the same properties at the glass transition and in the vitreous state when the materials are totally amorphous
Cherqaoui, Bennaceur. "Etude du comportement rhéologique à l'état fondu et du comportement diélectrique du polyfluorure de vinylidène chargé de titanate de baryum". Saint-Etienne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STET4007.
Texto completo da fonteJeloaica, Leonard. "Etude Ab initio des mécanismes réactionnels dans la phase initiale du dépôt par couches atomiques des oxydes à moyenne et forte permittivité sur silicium". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110050.
Texto completo da fonteBadard, Mathieu. "Optimisation et contrôle de la transition dynamique de percolation au sein de matériaux nonostructurés : expérience et modélisation". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI093.
Texto completo da fonteThe rise of carbon nanotube has open possibility for composites polymers. Mixing this carbonaceous filler with polymer medias leads to an optimization of the electrical properties. Then, conductivity mainly depends of the filler architecture, especially the presence of percolating networks. The objective of this work is to understand the percolation mechanisms of the carbon nanotubes in different media. During this study, filler network has been revealed by the mean of electrical and dielectrical measurements. The originality of our work lies in the use of liquid matrices, such as silicone oils, in order to overcome the stresses in the plastic on the one hand, and to simplify the processing in other hand. This thesis is organized around six chapters. The first bibliographic part discusses the carbon nanotubes properties as well as percolation and dynamic percolation phenomena. The second chapter, matériel & méthode, presents the materials used and the different characterization techniques employed. The third chapter of the thesis talks about dynamic percolation of carbon nanotubes in silicone oil, probed by conductivity measurements. Chapter 4 provides a change of the power law Kirkpatrick to describe the conductivity as a function of time and filler content. The critical exponent of percolation is proving to be an indicator of the dispersion state of nanotubes throughout the matrix. In the Chapter 5, electric field is depicted as a tool to control the organization of fillers. The application of a high field increases the conductivity of several orders of magnitude and decreases the percolation threshold. Percolation thresholds close to 0.005 wt % have been determined. At last, the influence of the intrinsic properties of the matrix, such as viscosity and surface tension, is discussed in Chapter 6. Carbon nanotubes dispersion appears to be favored if the difference of surface tension between filler and liquid is low. In contrast, a filler aggregation is rapidly observed in the case where the difference in surface tension is important. We also observed that the percolation of the nanotubes is favored in viscous media
Jeandel, Gérard. "Influence de quelques impuretés sur les thermo-courants ioniques, et la dynamique de vibration des fluorures de baryum et strontium". Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10192.
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