Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Progénitures"
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Rebière, Clémentine. "Étude et modulation des mécanismes contrôlant la résolution de la fibrose du tissu adipeux au cours de l’obésité et de la perte de poids". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS304.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteObesity is a pathology characterized by an excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) and dysfunctions of the WAT, which are generally accompanied by comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Furthermore, WAT alterations are linked to profound pathological remodeling, notably characterized by fibrosis in the most advanced stages. Our team has shown that CD9+ progenitors are the primary source of fibrosis in WAT under obesogenic conditions. The management of obesity relies on fat mass reduction to reduce comorbidities. However, although weight loss generally leads to improvements in comorbidities, there is variability among patients in the extent of weight loss and metabolic improvements. Various evidences suggest that WAT alterations, particularly fibrosis, could influence this variability. In this context, our hypothesis is that WAT fibrosis could limit fat mass loss and metabolic improvements and accelerate metabolic deterioration in the case of new obesity. Thus, my thesis objectives were: (1) To evaluate the histological and functional consequences of weight variations on WAT, focusing on CD9+ progenitors; (2) To pharmacologically target these progenitors to attempt to reduce WAT fibrosis; (3) To identify new anti-fibrotic targets under weight loss conditions. The accumulation of CD9+ progenitors in visceral WAT is positively correlated with fibrosis deposits, glucose intolerance, and poor glycemic control in humans with obesity. These progenitors are also associated with a lack of improvement in T2D and fat mass loss after bariatric surgery. Interestingly, the pharmacological targeting of these cells improves glycemic control in obese animals and inhibits the progression of WAT fibrosis under obesogenic conditions. During weight loss, although overall metabolic improvement is observed in formerly obese animals, surprisingly, we do not observe improvement in histo-pathological remodeling and adipocyte functions in the epididymal WAT of mice. CD9+ progenitors accumulate in WAT during obesity and persist during weight loss but in an inactive state. Re-exposure to a high-fat diet in these formerly obese mice accelerates and exacerbates metabolic deteriorations, which could result from the persistence of the progenitors. Surprisingly, the use of classic anti-fibrotic agents effective under obesity conditions proves ineffective during weight loss in our study model. The mechanisms governing fibrosis progression during weight loss could thus differ from those operating during obesity. Indeed, fibrosis established during weight loss seems to be linked to defects in collagen degradation mechanisms by macrophages and progenitors, related to lysosomal function alterations.Although weight loss is metabolically favorable, it does not improve the functions or histology of WAT deteriorated during obesity. Therefore, promoting the inactivation and/or elimination of CD9+ progenitors in obesity could represent an interesting avenue for improving the histo-functional state of WAT. Furthermore, better understanding the alterations in collagen degradation mechanisms during weight loss could promote the degradation and resolution of fibrosis during weight loss. This could maximize the response to weight loss and prevent the metabolic risks of new obesity
Demers, Alain. "La concomitance entre le sexe d'une progéniture homogène et celui du membre dominant du couple". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3148/1/000668373.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBergeron, Julie. "Streptocoque de groupe B et lésions cérébrales périnatales : effets de genre et traits autistiques dans la progéniture". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6271.
Texto completo da fonteHajji, Michel. "La création virtuelle dans le jeu vidéo : un outil de travail clinique. Sortie du mutisme adolescent par sa progéniture virtuelle". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC075.
Texto completo da fonteThis entails a research project which arose in response to a need in clinical work with several young adolescents from diverse backgrounds exhibiting “selective mutism”. Their refusal to speak on the psychologist's couch posed a challenge in therapy. We therefore created a mediation apparatus composed of a life simulation video game and a fictional genogram. We attempted to demonstrate that the teenagers in question can recover verbal symbolization not requiring access to the real version of their family histories which are at the root of the problem. Fictional creativity and the interpersonal work with the psychologist can suffice. Theories on symbolism and subjectivation as well as trans-generational psychoanalysis are at the heart of the notions which allowed us to understand and to conceptualize the process we put in practice
Morasse, Sébastien. "Stratégie de reproduction conditionnelle chez le saumon de l'Atlantique : impact sur les capacités métaboliques et le développement musculaire de la progéniture". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23606/23606.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLaporte-Broux, Bérengère. "Effets d'une restriction alimentaire pendant le dernier tiers de la gestation des chèvres sur le développement du comportement alimentaire de leur progéniture". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00557557.
Texto completo da fonteLaporte, Bérengère. "Effets d'une restriction alimentaire pendant le dernier tiers de la gestation des chèvres sur le développement du comportement alimentaire de leur progéniture". AgroParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGPT0086.
Texto completo da fontePatin, Valentine. "Effets d'un stress prénatal appliqué à des rates gestantes sur leur comportement maternel et sur le développement, l'anxiété et l'apprentissage de leur progéniture". Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES036.
Texto completo da fonteWischhusen, Pauline. "Parental selenium and antioxidant status in fish". Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3011.
Texto completo da fonteSelenium (Se) nutrition in rainbow trout broodstock and their F1 progeny fed plant-based diets was studied. The diets were unsupplemented or added with 0.3 ppm Se as inorganic (sodium selenite) or organic (hydroxy-selenomethionine, OH-SeMet). Parental Se, especially as organic form, improved reproduction performance and increased body Se levels in the progeny before first feeding. In the F1 progeny, tissue Se distribution was modified pending on parental and dietary Se level and form. OH-SeMet efficiently raised muscle Se content, but the direct sodium selenite feeding resulted in higher liver Se levels. In short-term the antioxidant system including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was supported by parental OH-SeMet, even if a decreased ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was also noticed. We found that parental Se can cause long-term modifications in the glutathione metabolism that even persist after the beginning of exogenous feeding. Fingerling showed lower stress tolerance towards hypoxia when originating from parents fed Se-supplemented diets, but direct Se feeding increased stress resistance. The contrary effect observed between direct and parental Se nutrition on the GPx and antioxidant system might relate to a nutritional programming effect, where either the progeny of the control group compensated the low dietary Se levels or the fry originating from Se-supplemented groups was less tolerant towards low dietary Se levels. Epigenetic modifications can underlay nutritional programming effects and indeed we found that the liver DNA methylation pattern at swim-up fry stage was sensitive towards the parental Se regime in terms of both Se level and form. Genes identified in the study point towards several metabolic pathways that might be affected by parental Se nutrition. Overall, this work highlighted modifications in short and long term of different metabolic pathways including antioxidant system by parental and dietary Se in rainbow trout fry in interaction with dissolved oxygen levels, which could allow further optimization of new feed formulations for broodstock and fry stages
Jougleux, Jean-Luc. "Impacts de la déficience maternelle modérée en fer sur le développement des fonctions auditives et le métabolisme des acides gras et eicosanoïdes de la progéniture". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25662.
Texto completo da fonteCette étude a pour objectif de déterminer les impacts de la l’anémie ferriprive (AF) modérée durant la gestation et la lactation, sur les fonctions neurophysiologiques des voies auditives, ainsi que sur les fonctions métaboliques de la progéniture du cochon d’Inde (Cavia porcellus). Elle s’articule selon 2 volets d’études distincts (protocoles 1 et 2), basés tant sur la composition en fer des diètes, que sur la nature des acides gras (AG) qui les composent. Ainsi, les diètes du 1er protocole sont soit suffisantes en fer (SF : 144 mg / Kg), soit déficientes en ce dernier (DF : 11,7 mg / Kg), mais toutes deux exemptes d’AG polyinsaturés à longue chaîne (AGPI-LC) et présentant un ratio n-6:n-3 de 59:1. Dans le 2ème protocole, les diètes sont également SF (146 mg / Kg) ou DF (12,7 mg / Kg), mais intègrent des AGPI-LC et présentent un ratio n-6:n-3 de 11:1, afin de mimer un profil d’AG proche de celui de la diète nord-américaine. La terminologie « +AGPI » (SF+AGPI et DF+AGPI) reflétera cette diète. Les mères cobayes ont reçu leur alimentation respective durant les périodes d’habituation, reproduction, gestation et jusqu’au jour post-natal (JPN) 9. Les nouveau-nés ont été sevrés au JPN9 avec leur diète contrôle respective. Les potentiels évoqués auditifs du tronc cérébral (PEATC) et les prélèvements de tissus ont eu lieu au JPN24, moment où le statut hématologique des cobayes était restauré. Les PEATC des fratries DF ont présenté de profondes altérations auditives périphériques, caractérisées par une perte d’audition de type neurosensorielle (affectant particulièrement les basses fréquences), associée à un retard dans la vélocité de conduction du nerf auditif et à une sur-stimulation neurale (hyperacousie, chez les femelles uniquement). Parallèlement, l’expression cérébrale de la Δ6-désaturase, et les niveaux de cyclo-oxygénase II (COX II) et de prostaglandines (PG) étaient inchangés par rapport aux fratries SF. Au niveau central (Encephalum), une incorporation importante d’AG (essentiellement sous forme d’AGPI n-6) était caractérisée au sein des phospholipides (PL) des fratries DF. Chez ces derniers, une élévation marquée des AG totaux, saturés, monoinsaturés et AGPI n-6 plasmatiques était parallèlement caractérisée. Au sein du 2ème protocole, les fratries DF+AGPI et SF+AGPI ne présentaient pas de différence dans les temps de transmission périphérique (nerf auditif) et plus centrale (tronc cérébral), ainsi qu’au niveau de la synchronisation neurale. Malgré une similarité avec les fratries SF+AGPI dans l’acuité auditive, une forte proportion de perte d’audition neurosensorielle s’illustrait parmi le groupe DF+AGPI. Au sein de ce dernier, l’ARNm encéphalique de la Δ6-désaturase présentait une tendance à la diminution et seule la concentration en PGE2 était significativement réduite. Parallèlement, les AG des différents PL du cerveau apparaissaient faiblement affectés, alors que les concentrations érythrocytaires en AG totaux, AGS, AGPI-LC n-3 (dont l’ADH) étaient réduites. Les AG hépatiques ne subissaient aucun changement. En dépit de la réplétion en fer, ces études révèlent que la magnitude des effets de la DF gestationnelle sur les altérations neurophysiologiques et biochimiques chez la progéniture est étroitement liée au métabolisme lipidique. Les variations dans le profil en AGPI-LC des diètes DF peuvent induire des altérations particulièrement marquées au niveau des organes sensoriels périphériques chez la progéniture. Les mécanismes mis en jeu, ainsi que leurs incidences au niveau central restent à déterminer.
This research aims to determine the impacts of a moderate iron deficiency anæmia (IDA) during gestation and lactation on neurophysiological functions of the auditory pathways, as well as metabolic functions of the offspring in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). This thesis consists of 2 distinct studies (protocols 1 and 2), based on both the content of iron and the nature of the fatty acids (FA) in the diets. Thus, the diets of the 1st protocol are iron sufficient (IS: 144 mg / kg) or iron deficient (IDA: 11.7 mg / kg), but both are devoid of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and have a ratio of n-6:n-3 equivalent to 59:1. In the 2nd protocol, diets are also IS (146 mg / kg) or IDA (12.7 mg / kg), but contain LC-PUFA and have a n-6:n-3 ratio of 11:1, in order to mimic a FA profile close from the one of the Northern-American diet. The « +PUFA » terminology (SF+PUFA and IDA+PUFA) will reflect this diet. Guinea pig dams received their respective diet during the periods of habituation, reproduction, gestation and until postnatal day (PNd) 9. Offspring were weaned at post-natal day (PNd) 9 with their respective control diet. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and tissue samples took place at PNd24, a time point indicating when the hæmatological status of guinea pigs was restored. The ABR from IDA siblings showed profound peripheral auditory impairments, characterized by a sensorineural hearing loss type (particularly affecting the low frequencies), associated with a delay in the conduction velocity of the auditory nerve and increased neural stimulation (hyperacusis, in females only). Furthermore, brain expression of the Δ6-desaturase, and cyclooxygenase II (COX II) and prostaglandins (PG) levels were unchanged compared with siblings IS. At the central level (Encephalum), a significant FA incorporation (mainly in the form of n-6 PUFA) was characterized in phospholipids (PL) from IDA siblings. In the latter, a marked plasma elevation of total, saturated, monounsaturated FA and n-6 PUFA was characterized in parallel. In the second protocol, siblings IDA+PUFA and SF+PUFA showed no difference in peripheral (auditory nerve) and central (brainstem) transmission times, and in the neural synchronization. Despite a similarity with IS+PUFA siblings’ auditory acuity, a large proportion of sensorineural hearing loss was noted in the IDA+PUFA group. Within the latter, the brain Δ6-desaturase mRNA showed a trend to be decreased and only the PGE2 concentration was significantly reduced. Furthermore, FA from different brain PL appeared weakly affected, whereas concentrations of total FA, saturated FA (SFA), n-3 LC-PUFA (including docosahexænoic acid, DHA) in erythrocytes were reduced. Liver FA underwent no change. Despite iron repletion, these studies show that the magnitude in the impact of a gestational IDA on neurophysiological and biochemical alterations of offspring is closely related to their lipid metabolism. Changes in the offspring’s LC-PUFA profile following the gestational IDA diets may induce alterations particularly marked in their peripheral sensory organs. The mechanisms involved and their impact at the central level remain to be determined.
Merle, Laëtitia. "Impact d’une alimentation maternelle riche en graisse et en sucre pendant les périodes de préconception, gestation et lactation sur la physiologie olfactive de la progéniture : étude expérimentale chez la souris". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK056/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe influence of maternal diet on progeny’s health has been thoroughly investigated regarding metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but the impact on sensory systems remains unknown. Olfaction is of great behavioral importance for avoiding hazards and for feeding behavior. In childhood especially, olfaction participates in establishing food preferences, which partly determine adult eating habits. The olfactory system is made of sensory neurons that develop during the embryonic life, pursue their maturation after birth and are continuously regenerated over life. Olfactory neurons activity can be modulated by metabolic factors. Patients with metabolic disorders are at risk of impaired olfactory sensitivity. Adult mice exposed to an obesogenic or diabetogenic diet exhibit disrupted olfactory behavior.The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of a perinatal exposure to fat and sugar, through maternal diet during preconception, gestation and lactation, on the olfactory system of young mice.Maternal high fat high sugar (HFHS) diet modified milk lipids composition. When investigating pups’ metabolic phenotype, overweight, increased epididymal fat and hyperleptinemia were revealed in pup’s born from dams fed with the HFHS diet. Olfactory abilities were assessed in a buried food test and by measuring odor-induced sniffing behavior and were disrupted in the progeny of HFHS diet fed dams. However, olfactory epithelium sensitivity and gene expression of constituents of the olfactory transduction cascade were not affected by maternal HFHS diet. When investigating olfactory central processing, dendritic complexity of interneurons in the olfactory bulb was found to be affected by maternal HFHS diet. Meanwhile, neuronal activation in piriform cortex was not altered.These results show that maternal HFHS diet during pups’ development alters olfactory perception in male progeny, without impairing odor detection by the OE, and associated with neuronal modifications in olfactory central areas. Leptin is a metabolic hormone known to influence olfaction and neurons development which could have induced the olfactory defects
Gallant, Leblanc Caroline P. "Effet de la déficience en fer maternelle sur le métabolisme des acides gras essentiels et des éicosanoïdes et sur l'apprentissage spatial et le processus de mémoire de la progéniture chez le cochon d'Inde". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26321/26321.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLeblanc, Caroline P. "Effet de la déficience en fer maternelle sur le métabolisme des acides gras essentiels et des éicosanoïdes et sur l'apprentissage spatial et le processus de mémoire de la progéniture chez le cochon d'Inde". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20970.
Texto completo da fonteLasnier, Virginie. "Le mouvement de jeunes « Nachi » ou une progéniture de la démocratie dirigée russe (2005-2009)". Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2460/1/M11085.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBah, Thierno Madjou. "Stress périnatal : conséquences sur le comportement cognitif et émotionnel de la progéniture chez le rat". Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15322.
Texto completo da fonteFaucher, Brigitte. "Le rôle des troubles mentaux à l'enfance et à l'adolescence dans le développement et l'évolution du trouble bipolaire". Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6362.
Texto completo da fonte"Stratégie de reproduction conditionnelle chez le saumon de l'Atlantique: impact sur les capacités métaboliques et le développement musculaire de la progéniture". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23606/23606.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteChang, Shiao-Ying. "Diabète maternel et/ou hypertension et dommages rénaux induits par le système rénine-angiotensine intrarénal : rôle de Nrf2". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18551.
Texto completo da fonteThe term ‘perinatal programming’ is used to describe the phenomenon that maternal adverse environment during pregnancies which have profound influences to their offspring later in life. And this concept is well accepted. Previously, we successfully created an in vivo murine model and demonstrated that maternal diabetes constitutes an adverse in utero environment that may fundamentally impair nephrogenesis and subsequently program of the offspring to develop hypertension and kidney injury in adulthood. It appears that enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), intrarenal renin- angiotensin system (RAS) and p53 pathways were involved in the underlying mechanisms. In our first study, we investigated whether overexpression of catalase (CAT) in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) could prevent the perinatal programming of hypertension and kidney injury in male offspring of diabetic dams and examined the potential underlying mechanisms both in vivo and in vitro. Our data demonstrate that CAT overexpression in RPTCs exert a direct effect on nephrogenesis in utero and ameliorate maternal diabetes- induced dysnephrogenesis. And further consequently, CAT overexpression in RPTCs preventing maternal diabetes-induced perinatal programming, mediated at least in part, via the nuclear factor-erythroid 2p45 (NF-E2) related factor-2 (Nrf2)- heme oxygenase (HO)- 1 defense system. Intrarenal RAS activation has attracted more attention in recent years due to studies have been reported that activation of the intrarenal RAS can elicit hypertension and kidney injury independently from the systemic RAS. Previously, we established a murine model (Agt-Tg) that specifically overexpress rat angiotensinogen (Agt) in their RPTCs and develops hypertension and nephropathy. Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is the major water channel within renal RPTCs, but whether it has a regulatory role in the development of hypertension and nephropathy remains elusive. Our second study aimed to examine the regulation of AQP1 expression in an intrarenal RAS-induced hypertension and kidney injury, focusing on underlying molecular mechanisms. We believe that both our in vivo and in vitro studies identified a novel mechanism(s) in which Agt overexpression in RPTCs enhances cytosolic accumulation of Nrf2 via the phosphorylation of pGSK3β Y216. Consequently, less intranuclear Nrf2 is available to trigger HO-1 expression as a defense mechanism and subsequently diminishes AQP1 expression in RPTCs. In conclusion, our data suggest that Agt mediated-downregulation of AQP1 and Nrf2 signaling may play an important role in intrarenal RAS-induced hypertension and kidney injury. Hypertension and kidney injury is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease that involves the interaction of various molecules/pathways and the influence of environmental factors, for instance, diet and perinatal programming. Such diverse causes contribute to the progression of hypertension and kidney disease, making the strategy of treatment even more complex. In our present study, we evaluated the development of hypertension under two circumstances: maternal diabetes-programmed hypertension in offspring and intrarenal RAS activation-induced hypertension. We found that ROS generation in the kidneys is a major and common factor in both hypertensive mice model. Also, the ROS-sensitive antioxidant gene/transcription factor – Nrf2, plays an important role in the process. By understanding the pathways that lead to hypertension progression, we can hopefully develop more effective treatments to cope with the disease.