Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Produits biologiques – synthèse chimique"
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Decret, Laurent. "Synthèse de sondes biologiques marquées par des émetteurs [gamma]". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10047.
Texto completo da fonteDao, Vi Thuy. "Le gossypol et ses nouveaux dérivés : synthèse et étude d'activités biologiques". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112286.
Texto completo da fonteNew Schiff bases of racemic gossypol and gossypolone and of (+)- or (-)-gossypol enantiomers are described. Schiff bases obtained from gossypol enantiomers are optically stable at room temperature whereas gossypolone Schiff bases racemize quickly and may be observed only at lower temperatures. Their cytotoxic activities on KB human cancer cells were determined : the methylimine and ethylimine derivatives of racemic gossypolone were the most active compounds, and the cytotoxicity of racemic gossypol and gossypolone was increased when the tests were performed in the absence of serum and decreased when catalase as well as mannitol were added to the culture medium. (+)-gossypol and (-)-gossypol derivatives displayed higher toxicities on KS and MCF7 cells than the corresponding (+) isomers. New derivatives of gossypol and gossypolone: dithianes or dithiolanes, were synthesized using dithioethane or dithiopropane in the presence of BF3. Et2O. Furthermore, the same reaction conditions with tetramethyl or hexamethyl ethers of gossypol lead to cyclic thioderivatives. These thioderivatives exhibited very low toxicity in KB cells. This masking of the aldehyde groups may be reverted by the use of electrophiles such as nitroxide ions, nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate which regenerate gossypolone or transform thiogossypols in new compounds, more toxic. Since toxicities of the derivatives issued from nitrosonium tetraf luoroborate action or nitric oxide plus ferric ion are increased, these results support the hypothesis that gossypol and gossypolone dithiane and dithiolanes could be proposed as prodrugs targeted against cells that express or are surrounded by high concentrations of nitric oxide, for instance, tumor cells
Pérusse, Dimitri. "Synthèse et évaluation physico-chimique de tensioactifs biosourcés pour l’industrie cosmétique". Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENCR0017.
Texto completo da fonteNeuberg, Patrick. "Isolement de substances antimicrobiennes d'insectes : Synthèse chimique et préparation d'analogues structuraux". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2002/Neuberg_Patrick_2002_ED222.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteInsects are famous for their strong resistance against invading microorganisms. Their immune response is based on a diverse set of inducible antimicrobial peptides. We addressed the question of whether there are other non-peptidic antimicrobial molecules reinforcing the immune response of the insects. In this work we describe the characterization of an antimicrobial diamine, which was isolated using a bioassay guide, from the coccinellid species Harmonia axyridis. This beetle biosynthesises the Z-1,17-diaminooctadec-9-ene, also called ‘harmonine’. It is the first time that the antimicrobial activities of this substance have been described. The chemical synthesis of diverse α,ω-diamines allowed for a detailed analysis of the structure-activity relationship of this family of compounds. This study showed which structural elements are essential for their biological activity. We showed that the active molecules could be diversely substituted at their central part; leading from this, novel polyamines, based on a branched hydrocarbon skeleton, were designed. These have an increased activity compared to the isolated natural diamine. We also describe the novel construction and synthesis of rigidified analogues of the polyamines, which are based on a tetrahydrofuran heterocycle. These THF-amines are endowed with the same activities as the most potent polyamines of these series. Unlike the polyamines based on a branched hydrocarbon part, the THF-amines show no cytotoxic properties as proved by hemolytic tests. The therapeutic index of the polyamines is increased as compared to harmonine
Belalia, Rachid. "Synthèse d'un biocide par modification chimique de chitosanePréservation du bois , préservation des aliments". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13142.
Texto completo da fonteRuggieri, Francesca. "Putting nature back into drug discovery : selection, design and synthesis of bioinspired chemical libraries for the discovery of new antibacterials". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS013.
Texto completo da fonteNatural products (NPs) have declined in popularity since the introduction of synthetic small molecules several years ago. Many are the reasons behind this choice, such as difficulties in access and supply, complexities of NP chemistry and the advent of combinatorial chemistry. However, NPs offer many interesting properties compared to conventional synthetic molecules, which confer both advantages and challenges for the drug discovery process. Usually, NPs are characterized by a higher number of sp3 carbons and stereogenic centres, large scaffold diversity and structural complexity. With half of the drugs approved by the FDA since 1994 being NPs or hemisynthetic derivatives and the recent stagnation in new drug research and development, it is becoming more and more evident that NPs should be reintroduced in the drug discovery process as a source of inspiration.Therefore, many strategies are now emerging for the construction of nature-inspired chemical libraries, such as “top-down” and “bottom-up” strategies. In “bottom-up” approaches, complexity is created starting from simple building blocks. On the other hand, “top-down” approaches are assumed to make structural modifications to an already complex NP.Our presented work describes two different approaches to enrich the chemical library of our research unit with NP-derived compounds. A “top-down” semisynthetic strategy was planned to obtain derivatives of lactucin and 11β,13-dihydrolactucin, two sesquiterpene lactones extracted from chicory roots. Thirty-six ester derivatives were synthesized in three steps (classical synthesis), together with two amine derivative libraries (using parallel synthesis). All the compounds were then tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some promising hits were found (MICGFP < 1.2 μM). On the other hand, a “bottom-up” strategy allowed the synthesis of two analogues of the known natural antibiotic hygromycin A. This approach started from simple commercially available building blocks and employed a dearomatization strategy in the synthetic process.Together, we explored a broader chemical space, increased the structural diversity of our chemical library and discovered new potential antibacterial hits. Moreover, this work paves the way for the discovery of new antibacterial targets
Vives, Eric. "Synthèse chimique et études biologiques de la protéine transactivatrice Tat du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH)". Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30090.
Texto completo da fonteChaouni-Benabdallah, Aziz. "Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de nouveaux aminoxyles hydroxyméthylés et méthoxyméthylés dérivés du doxyl". Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON13502.
Texto completo da fonteRenault, Benjamin. "Nouveaux tensioactifs dérivés des polyglycosides d'alkyle. Synthèse et évaluation physico-chimique". Reims, 2009. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2009REIMS002.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with the synthesis, the physical and chemical evaluation of new surfactants derived from sugars and succinic acid in the fields of cosmetics and detergents. We start presenting Alkyl PolyGlycosides of 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation and the targeted molecules. At the end of our research, we succeeded in optimizing synthesis conditions (solvent-free reaction by heat activation) from succinic anhydride and acid to obtain mixture of polydisperse O-Succinyl Alkyl PolyGlycosides more or less substituted. We synthesized a complete range of O-Succinyl Alkyl PolyGlycosides by varying their sugar head nature (Arabinose, Xylose and Glucose) and size (DP=Degree of Polymerisation between 1,1 and 2,2), their alkyl chain length (8, 8/10, 10, 12, 12/14 carbone atoms) and Substitution Degree (DS=number of unit esters between 0 and 2,9). The second part concerns the physical and chemical evaluation and the toxicity profile of these surfactants. They was evaluated through several parameters : solubility, Krafft point, Critical Micellar Concentration, static and dynamic surface tension, foaming power, wetting time and zeta potential; and compared to the predictive models : Hydrophilic/Lipophilic Balance (HLB) and partition coefficient octanol/water (log P). The toxicity of these new surfactants was measured through in vitro ocular irritation (Red Blood Cell test) and the ultimate biodegradation
Gilles, Laure. "Découverte et synthèse chimique d'odorants par des technologies innovantes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ4100.
Texto completo da fonteThe perfumery industry in under constant pressure from national and international regulatory bodies as well and the demands of consumers to produce novel and safe organoleptic molecules via methods which are both durable and innovative. This constant drive for innovation pushes researchers towards diverse domains of the plant kingdom which contains numerous complex natural substances (CNS). At present these natural products are a source of ingredients, however, they are equally a source of inspiration for the chemist who may identify structures of interest to be synthesised with a high degree of control (chirality, quantity, quality, consistency), as well as structural analogues to provide an improvement of the olfactory properties (notes, intensity).This manuscript presents an extended analysis of the distillate of a concrete of the plant Ocimum gratissimum via GC-O complemented with GC-MS analysis. This study has also enlighted the chemical composition of the extract, characterisation of the poorly described (E)-methyl cinnamate chemotype, olfactory evaluation by a master perfumer and the identification of the principal olfactive compounds. This work simultaneously explores multistep asymmetric synthetic strategies in the aim of obtaining the different enantiomers of vetispira-2(11),6-dien-14-al. This compound is known to be an important component of agar wood essential oil and largely responsible for its particular odour. Currently no syntheses of this compound have been published. An FeCl3 catalysed acetylation of α,β-unsaturated compounds was optimised and applied to the synthesis of 24 different heterocyclic spirocycles, which are to be submitted to a master perfumer for the evaluation of their notes and olfactory interest
Majid, Samia. "Synthèse, marquage à l'iode et comportement biologique de [beta]-bloquants potentiels". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10074.
Texto completo da fonteBaghdikian, Béatrice. "Les iridoi͏̈des d'Harpagophytum procumbens et zeyheri, et leurs produits de transformation par voie chimique, enzymatique et microbiologique". Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30021.
Texto completo da fontePagadoy, Maïder. "Obtention de lipoamino acides et de lipopeptides ayant des propriétés surfactantes par synthèse chimique et enzymatique". Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10172.
Texto completo da fonteCuyamendous, Claire. "Synthèse totale de phytofuranes : nouveaux méthabolites de l'acide α-linolénique". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONT3507/document.
Texto completo da fonteAlpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 n-3) is the major polyunsaturated acid in plant membranes. During an oxidative stress, the non-enzymatic radical peroxidation of this acid would lead to tetrahydrofuran metabolites called phytofurans (PhytoFs). In order to bring into light their existence and to study their biological activities, we develop a divergent and flexible strategy to access to these metabolites
Maurin, Emmanuel. "Modification de la structure chimique du bois : méthodologie de synthèse et recherche de nouvelles propriétés biologiques ou physico-chimiques". Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10208.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this study is the elaboration of new chemical modifications of the wood structure in order to obtain new physico-chemical and biological properties. In the first part, blocks of beech wood were impregnated with mixture of functionnalized polyethylene glycol / copper sulfate. The effects several parameters on the retention of chemicals and the biological protection are discussed (leaching, pH, concentrat. Ion of the treatment bath and end-group of the polyether). It is also found for exemple that an equimolar mixture (8,33. 10- ³ mole/l) of polyethylene glycol (600) diacid and of copper sulfate preserves wood from the attack of Coriolus versicolor. In the second part, different grafting metbods of chemicals on wood are presented. A new method, using acyl azides, less taxiC and more stable than isocyanates, is described. The intermediate isocyanate, obtained by Curtius rearrangement of the acyl azide, reacts with wood in the presence of a catalyst. Aromatic groupe, PEG or fatty alkyl chains are grafted by this way on spruce sawdust. Treatment,of beech blocks with a mixture of fatty acyl azides, obtained from animal greases, improves their dimensionnaI stability (ASE =45 %). The last part is devoted to the study of the ability of modified sawdusts for the removal of metallic ions or greases from water. Interesting results are obtained in this area
Lim, Wing Long. "Étude cinétique et caractérisation des produits d'une précipitation avec transformation de phase : application à la synthèse de l'hydroxyde de cobalt (ii) beta". ENSMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP0941.
Texto completo da fonteGuerrini, Pascal. "Formulations phytosanitaires destinées à la protection des tissus lignocellulosiques : mise au point des formulations et perspectives de substitution ou de complément des matières actives de synthèse par des extraits végétaux à activité biologique". Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT032G.
Texto completo da fonteLetribot, Boris. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique de nouveaux composés hétérocycliques potentiellement inhibiteurs de protéine-kinases". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS002/document.
Texto completo da fonteDeregulation of protein kinases leads to numerous pathologies such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. In order to identify new scaffolds able to inhibit this proteins we synthesized new 3-alkenyl-oxindoles. By the mean of Appel’s salt chemistry, we develop a new synthetic route to this skeleton. Our approach allows variation of the substituent of the exocyclic akene which can be functionalized by heterocycles, amino-nitriles or thio-nitrile which are obtained after selective ring opening of (1,2,3)-dithiazoles. In another part, given powerful indirubin kinase inhibitory potency, we synthesized new analogs indiribunoids and isoindigoids. In both cases (3-akenyl-oxindoles from Appel’s salt chemistry and indigoids), the aromatic ring were substituted by various electron withdrawing group and nitrogen were incorporated to determinate structure activity relationship. All this 80 original 3-alkenyl-oxindoles were evaluated for their ability to inhibit kinase activity and cell proliferation
Lagarrigue, Mélanie. "Détection, identification et préconcentration de produits de dégradation d'agents de guerre chimique organophosphorés par couplage électrophorèse capillaire-spectrométrie de masse". Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004615.
Texto completo da fonteNicolas, Florence. "Collagène reticulé par des ponts disulfure: : synthèse et caractérisation d'un collagène précurseur. : Evaluation des caractéristiques mécaniques et biologiques des produits réticulés". Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0090.
Texto completo da fonteWhen used for the preparation of bio materials, coll a en is often cross linked to improve its mechanical properties, and decrease its rate of biodegradation. A new method of cross linkin denatured collagen which uses thiol groups chemically grafted onto the protein chains, and subsequently oxidized to form disulfide bridge is presented. A method to prepare a denatured thiolated collagen has been develop The oxidation procedures used to crosslink this collagen derivative, along with the mechanical and biological properties of the cross linked materials have been studied The proposed method of preparing thiolated collagen is simple, reproducable and allows different grafcing levels to be obtained. Crosslinking by oxidation, which evaluated using the mechanical properties and the in vitro biodegradation rate of films, depends on the thibl grafting level and on the details of the oxidation procedure Crosslinked films, sponges and molded gels having good mechanical properties have been prepared. These products can be sterilized, are non-cytotoxic and relatively non-hemostatic. When sub-cutaneously implanted in rats, they are degraded within a month without provoking any adverse reaction
Terrier, Victor. "Synthèse biomimétique et automatisée de peptides crypto-thioester pour la ligation chimique native : application à des peptides naturels riches en cystéine". Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2016/document.
Texto completo da fontePeptide Cα-thioesters play a prominent role in the chemical synthesis of proteins: they are key partners in native chemical ligation (NCL), a reaction that has revolutionized the field. Nonetheless, access to such peptides via the widely used Fmoc-SPPS is still limited to experts. This limitation is currently an obstacle to further popularization of NCL-based protein synthesis. The first part of this thesis describes the design and optimization of a new bio-inspired methodology for the synthesis of peptide thioester precursors, based on an N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-cysteine intramolecular thioesterification device (N-Hnb-Cys). Synthesis of peptides bearing this device was fully automated, starting from inexpensive materials. Importantly, no post-SPPS steps are required prior to NCL. The biomimetic design of the device –that operates through an N→S acyl shift–, results in fast NCL kinetics at neutral pH. A broad range of thioester precursors has been synthesized; this allowed us to explore the scope and limitation of the methodology, while stressing its efficiency even for demanding sequences and long peptides. This approach has been applied to the ligation-based synthesis of a representative variety of naturally occurring disulfide-rich peptides (DRP) sequences, from snake venom, molluscs, primates and plants. In particular, we have described the first synthesis of a Big-defensin (93 amino acids), discovered in oyster and whose biological activity is currently under evaluation. Furthermore, an original method for the synthesis of C-terminal cysteine-containing DRP has been proposed. It is based on the introduction of this amino acid through NCL, avoiding side reactions inherent to existing approaches. We have also applied our approach to the intramolecular NCL-based synthesis of the cyclic backbone of several DRP, with remarkable yields. Altogether, our results are extremely encouraging for the generalization of this methodology
Regaya, Imed. "Toxines de scorpion actives sur les canaux K+ : contribution à l'étude de la sélectivité d'action à l'aide de ligands produits par synthèse chimique". Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX20683.
Texto completo da fonteGuillier, Fabrice. "Synthèse de produits naturels par association des réactions de métallation et de couplage. Accès à des alcaloïdes marins de type pyridoacridinique". Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES075.
Texto completo da fonteBastien, Claire. "Étude chimique des substances contenues dans une collection exceptionnelle de poteries provenant de Deir el-Médineh (Egypte) : une population et ses produits". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6222.
Texto completo da fonteIn the present study, the molecular and isotopic composition of twenty three never analyzed archaeological organic samples, were investigated by chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. Samples came from an Egyptian necropolis, near the village of Deir el-Medina, dating from the XVIIIth dynasty and more precisely from the reign of Thoutmosis III (approximately 1500 B. C. ). The many features of the necropolis, in particular the amazing number of closed and still full containers keep the mystery about the origin and function of the population. The molecular and isotopic study of these samples, allowed us to establish the presence of highly degraded fatty substances. We identified drying or semi-drying plant oils and animal fats, pure or in association with a completely degraded vegetal substance, characterized by the only presence of residual cuticular waxes. In addition to this family composed of fatty substances, three other samples with presence of carbohydrates were detected. These particular potteries were probably used as symbolic food offerings. The potteries probably contain unguents, maybe perfumed, used as remedies or cosmetics. For their preparation, ancient practices of maceration and enfleurage, in which fatty material such as animal fat or plant oil were used to extract aromatic and fragrant substances from flowers, leaves, resins, etc
Boyer, Viviane. "Synthèse d'analogues de substrat pour l'étude des cellulases". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10250.
Texto completo da fonteAlcover, Charlotte. "Réseaux moléculaires et Chimie des Substances Naturelles : de l’isolement de composés inédits à de toutes nouvelles applications en synthèse biomimétique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS569.
Texto completo da fonteThe discovery of new natural products is a very long and expensive process ; it is therefore important to detect previously known compounds in the studied matrices, to avoid an useless second isolation. This is the aim of annotation (partial but quick identification of compounds) and of dereplication (application of annotation to avoid reisolation).Thanks to its unequaled sensibility and to the "big data" era, the high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to tandem mass spectrometry has become a reference technique in this field. Indeed, its use is generally implemented by informatic tools, as "molecular networking", because of the large amount of generated data.This thesis is divided into two parts : the first one deals with extraction of new compounds from a very well-known Apocynaceae plant, Picralima nitida. The second one is about the application of "molecular networking" to biomimetic chemistry in mixtures, especially about "3-alkylpiperidines" alkaloids
Romieu, Anthony. "Synthèse d'oligonucléotides modifiés comportant des lésions radio-induites des bases puriques et pyrimidiques". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10140.
Texto completo da fonteAouni, Abdessamad. "Aptitude à l'amorphisation par pulvérisation cathodique des systèmes Ni-C Co-C, Mn-C et étude structurale des produits de synthèse et de cristallisation". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL091N.
Texto completo da fonteKassas, Nawal. "DIfférentes espèces d'acide phosphatidique : localisations subcellulaires et fonctions biologiques spécifiques". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ069.
Texto completo da fonteThe phosphatidic acid (PA) is a simple lipid which may exist in various forms. I have generated probes based on PA binding domains: PDE4A1, Spo20p and OpiQ2 to study the subcellular localization of PA in PC12 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. These probes bind different form of PA in different subcellular compartments. In addition, I show that PA and certain species mono- or bi-unsaturated of PA are synthesized at the plasma membrane upon stimulation of exocytosis. We observed that the PLD1 seems to be the main source of PA in the adrenal glands. On the other hand, my research indicates an increase in the level of PA at the plasma membrane and a significant decrease in the ER in macrophages after stimulation of phagocytosis frustrated. Thus these results could validate the concept of a fusion of a portion of the ER membrane with the plasma membrane during phagocytosis
Castet, Dominique. "Etude de la réactivite du (2E, 4E)-5-bromopenta-2,4-diénal. Application à la synthèse de produits naturels biologiquement actifs". Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES031.
Texto completo da fonteFertier, Laurent. "Couches minces fonctionnalisées pour la détection chimique et biochimique : applications aux transducteurs à ondes acoustiques". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20132.
Texto completo da fonteThe surface functionalization of guided-SH-SAW (Shear Horizontal – Surface Acoustic Wave) transducers was carried out to prepare layers for heavy metals chelation and antibodies recognition. For the preparation of the chemical sensors, a thiourea molecule acting as a chelating agent for heavy metals was grafted on the top-layer of the transducer. This covalent immobilization was obtained by amide bonds through primary amine groups immobilized on the device by the chemisorption of the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The acoustic properties of the devices were mainly related to the nanometric thickness of the layers, which proved chemisorption of APTES was an efficient method to prepare a chemical acoustic sensor. The thiourea modified transducer was inserted in a microfluidic analysis system to prove its sensitivity for cadmium ions in liquid media. In the aim to develop bio-chemical sensors based on antigen/antibody recognition, a functionalization way based on SAMs of semicarbazyde functions leading to an α-oxo-semicarbazone bond with antigenic peptide is described. The first interest was to observe in real-time the immobilization of the peptide on the surface, followed by the monitoring of the antibody recognition (linear sensitivity range for HA antibody: 0. 1 µg. ML-1 to 5. 0 µg. Ml-1). Based on these results, this gravimetric determination is a promising complementary route for antibodies analysis
Fraisse, Laurent. "Etude du rôle des mitochondries dans la production d'espèces oxygénées réactives en situation de stress oxydatif : Mise au point et propriétés de nouveaux composés protecteurs des membranes biologiques contre la peroxydation lipidique". Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0014.
Texto completo da fonteGallet, Sébastien. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de thiadiazépines et oxathiazépines potentiellement anticancéreuses". Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL2P002.
Texto completo da fonteRoussel, Fabien. "Agonistes pyranosidiques perméants et non perméants du récepteur du myo-inositol 1,4,S-trisphosphate : synthèses et propriétés biologiques". Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10226.
Texto completo da fonteBarale, Sébastien. "Étude des procédés de synthèse et des modes d’action de produits pétroliers tels que les lubrifiants et les graisses". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4075.
Texto completo da fonteThe research work presented in this thesis are oriented on the understanding of reactional mechanisms occurring in the field of oil products, such as lubricants and greases, by thermal analysis. The main thermal analysis technique used was the reaction calorimetry. Firstly, the instrumental response study of the calorimeter was led. A new calibration method have been proposed, this method is based on the calibration by Joule effect. From this correction, a more accurate kinetic evaluation can be done in order to study the complex mechanisms as those met with oil products. In a second time, the study of the neutralization of sulfuric acid by a marine cylinder lubricant was carried out. This work allowed to develop a routine analysis method to compare the lubricant ability to neutralize a precise amount of sulfuric acid. The time estimation is important to determine the frequency of lubricant replacement and to avoid the damage on the metallic parts. A kinetic study of the neutralization phenomena using isoconversional kinetic method, allowed to obtain the reactional model. Finally, the influence of parameters choice such as temperature, heating rate or cooking time have been evaluated by thermal and rheological analysis. Greases have been produced in a reaction calorimeter using a stirring system specifically developed. Information obtained allow to choose accurately the parameters used during the manufacturing processes in order to save time and decrease production costs
Morin, Bénédicte. "Systèmes modèles pour l'étude de la formation de pontages ADN-protéines induits par photosensibilisation". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10099.
Texto completo da fonteBarbat, Aline. "Extraction, caractérisation chimique et valorisation biologique de glucuronoxylanes de bois de châtaignier : développement de nouveaux procédés de délignification". Limoges, 2009. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/22be5a91-4656-419b-b6cd-5a9f0d8a8fbb/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4016.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteChestnut sawdust is rich in polysaccharides of industrial interest, including xylans. Experimental procedures for the extraction of these molecules usually make use of aggressive chemical treatments that hamper their large scale valorization. In a context of Green Chemistry, several chemical and biochemical delignification processes of chestnut sawdust have been developed, followed by water-extraction of xylans. Enzymatic delignification by laccases was found disappointing contrary to protocols taking advantage of radical reactions generated by phthalocyanine or iron porphyrin in presence of hydrogen peroxide. Characterization of the chemical structure along with studies of antitumoural properties led us to find a structure-activity relationship for a 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan from chestnut tree
Miquet, Stéphanie. "Synthèse énantiosélective de terpènes naturels : kopéoline, kopéolone et siphonellinol D". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4343.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with different strategies used in the course of the enantioselective synthesis of natural sesquiterpenes starting from an enantiopure building block obtained by biocatalysis. The first part is dedicated to the first enantioselective syntheses of kopeolin, and kopeolone. The synthesis of kopeolin was achieved and compounds have been fully characterized. The results showed that the reported structures were not assigned correctly, and suggest an initial structural misassignment during the isolation of the natural products. Thus, two new structures for kopeolin and for kopeolone are proposed. The enantioselective total syntheses of these two proposed structures have been achieved and permitted to confirm the structural revision and to fully characterize these natural products while elucidating their hitherto unknown absolute stereochemistries.The second part is dedicated to the synthesis of siphonellinol D with a convergent methodology of the Eastern part and the Western part. Both enantiomers of this building block were obtained by an enzymatic kinetic resolution in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Starting from the (1S, 6R) enantiomer, the synthesis of the Eastern part of Siphonellinol D is reported. Unfortunately, a first methodology using the use of the (1R, 6S) enantiomer failed. A second methodology using geraniol as starting material led to the racemic Western part of siphonellinol D. A coupling reaction were successfully performed allowing us to consider the synthesis of siphonellinol D by this synthetic pathway as optimistic
Belemlih, Abdelhamid. "Etude physico-chimique et microbiologique des principaux produits de charcuterie - salaison d'origine marocaine (viandes et poissons). Propositions de normes de controle. Mise au point de nouvelles fabrications". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF2E345.
Texto completo da fonteMiquet, Stéphanie. "Synthèse énantiosélective de terpènes naturels : kopéoline, kopéolone et siphonellinol D". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4343.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with different strategies used in the course of the enantioselective synthesis of natural sesquiterpenes starting from an enantiopure building block obtained by biocatalysis. The first part is dedicated to the first enantioselective syntheses of kopeolin, and kopeolone. The synthesis of kopeolin was achieved and compounds have been fully characterized. The results showed that the reported structures were not assigned correctly, and suggest an initial structural misassignment during the isolation of the natural products. Thus, two new structures for kopeolin and for kopeolone are proposed. The enantioselective total syntheses of these two proposed structures have been achieved and permitted to confirm the structural revision and to fully characterize these natural products while elucidating their hitherto unknown absolute stereochemistries.The second part is dedicated to the synthesis of siphonellinol D with a convergent methodology of the Eastern part and the Western part. Both enantiomers of this building block were obtained by an enzymatic kinetic resolution in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Starting from the (1S, 6R) enantiomer, the synthesis of the Eastern part of Siphonellinol D is reported. Unfortunately, a first methodology using the use of the (1R, 6S) enantiomer failed. A second methodology using geraniol as starting material led to the racemic Western part of siphonellinol D. A coupling reaction were successfully performed allowing us to consider the synthesis of siphonellinol D by this synthetic pathway as optimistic
Dumonteil, Geoffrey. "Synthèse et pharmacomodulations de composés naturels issus de plantes". Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2061/document.
Texto completo da fontePolyene units constitute an important function from organic compounds and are present in many natural products in the form of 1,3-conjugated dienes. It is therefore essential to develop methods to access these dienes while wearing a careful look at the environmental impact. During this work, we were able to synthesize a natural compound which has activity on type II diabetes: the abscisic acid. The key step leading to the success of this synthesis is the Heck reaction. From these results, we have developed a robust and efficient method to obtain various diene compounds (E, Z) and trienes (E, E, Z) without ligand or solvent. The compounds thus obtained are considered as potential analogues of the abscisic acid and are involved in various reactions in order to obtain the corresponding carboxylic acid or its bioisostere. In parallel with this synthesis application, we have developed a pathway to obtain benzo[d]thiazole compounds substituted in position 2 with an N-aryl or N-alkyl. This synthetic methodology is part of a context of environmental compatibility by using iodine catalyst
Ploux, Olivier. "Synthèse d'analogues cycliques de la substance P : études biochimiques et structurales". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066076.
Texto completo da fontePitois, Aurélien. "Contribution au développement de nouvelles méthodes analytiques par le couplage entre l'électrophorèse capillaire et la spectrométrie de masse (ICP-MS et ESI-MS)Titre : Applications dans les domaines nucléaires et biologiques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/PITOIS_Aurelien_2006.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe coupling between chromatographic and electrophoretic separation techniques and mass spectrometry is used to combine the efficiency of the separation technique to the selectivity and sensitivity of the detectors. In this work, the number of applications of the CE-MS couplings has been increased. New analytical methods have been set up in the nuclear and biological fields. New analytical methods for the determination of fission products (cesium and lanthanides) have been developed by CE-ICP-MS. They enable to determine both concentration and isotopic composition of the fission products for very low detection limits (ng/mL by CE-Q-ICP-MS, pg/mL by CE-HR-ICP-MS), since all the isobaric interferences are resolved. Moreover, only some nanoliters of sample are necessary to perform the analysis. These method have been applied with success to a simulated sample of spent fuel, to a nuclear sample from PUREX process and to a leaching of MOX fuel. Then, lanthanides have been analysed by CE-ESI-MS and the capability of ESI-MS to provide structural information has been studied. Elementary information has been obtained for strong potentials. Structural information has been obtained for low potentials. Finally, a new analytical method by CE-ESI-MS for the determination of 10B-boronophenylalanine (10B-BPA) has been developed for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). It has been applied to the cellular lines F98 and HUVEC. This CE-ESI-MS method has been validated by HR-ICP-MS. It enables a direct quantification of the chemical form 10B-BPA in samples of limited size (some nanoliters) and for low concentrations (ng/mL). As a consequence, this CE-ESI-MS method has enabled the study of the kinetics of 10B-BPA release and uptake for the F98 cells
Hong, Jingping. "Novel preparation techniques and reactivity of cobalt metal nanoparticles for synthesis of clean fuels using Fischer-Tropsch reaction". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10018/document.
Texto completo da fonteFischer-Tropsch synthesis produces clean hydrocarbon fuels from natural gas, biomass or coal. These synthetic fuels are totally free of sulfur and aromatics. This thesis addresses novel approaches to the design of cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalysts supported by mesoporous silicas. These approaches involve catalyst promotion with ruthenium and zirconium oxide, use of plasma technology for the decomposition of cobalt precursors and kinetic studies of the elementary steps of the Fischer-Tropsch by transient kinetic methods including TAP. The structure of catalysts was characterized at each stage of their synthesis and their activation by physico-chemical techniques including in-situ methods. It was shown that the promotion of catalysts with ruthenium and zirconium oxide strongly depended on the texture of the support. The promotion improved the catalytic performance more importantly for the catalysts supported by narrow pore silicas. Use of plasma technology for the decomposition of cobalt precursors allowed efficient control of the size of cobalt nanoparticles and thus resulted in the enhanced catalytic performance. Transient kinetic studies and modeling of the elementary reaction steps have provided fundamental information on the nature of active sites in the supported cobalt catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch reaction
Mai, Hoang Linh. "Etude chimique et évaluations biologiques des métabolites secondaires de Gardenia urvillei et Gardenia oudiepe, Rubiaceae endémiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie : hémisynthèse de dérivés en séries cycloartane, dammarane et flavonoïde". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P632.
Texto completo da fontePhytochemical studies of glutinous exudate covering the buds et the leaf base of Gardenia urvillei Montrouz. et Gardenia oudiepe Vieill., Rubiaceaeous species endemic to New Caledonia, have led to the identification of twelve cycloartanes, nine seco-cycloartanes, eight dammaranes et seven flavonoids. Among these secondary metabolites, six cycloartanes, four seco-cycloartanes et two dammaranes are original natural products. Biological evaluations, such as search for anti-angiogenic properties or inhibition of tubulin polymerization, have shown promising results. In order to establish the structure-activity relationships for these activities, twenty-six analogs were semisynthesized from the major isolated compounds, oudiépone A, hydroxydammarénone II, santin, 5,7-dihydroxy-3,3’,4’,5’,6-pentamethoxyflavone et kaempferol
Freville, Vianney. "Caractérisation et évaluation des performances de nouveaux solvants synthétisés à partir d'agroressources". Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1964.
Texto completo da fonteSolvents are essential products in many fields of applications. However, their use is now prohibited because they mostly derive from petroleum and they are toxic to health and the environment. Therefore, currently, eco-responsible technologies are developed to replace these compounds. Among these alternatives, agrosolvents represent one of the most important ways to substitute petrochemical solvents. They are produced by at least one part of renewable raw materials and they are eco-friendly (non-VOC, biodegradable, non-toxic and non eco-toxic). In this context, this thesis is part of the AGROSOLVANT project, supported by the Region Picardie and the Region Champagne-Ardenne and accredited by the world-scale competitive cluster Industries and Agro-Resssources (IAR). The objective of the project is to substitute solvents derived from petroleum by new green solvents derived from renewable resources, in order to use them in two different applications: degreasing and agrochemical formulations. This work is dealing with the evaluation of properties and performances of agrosolvents synthesized from agricultural products which allow the valorization of biofuels co-products (glycerol, amyl alcohols) and the fermentative succinic acid production. The study is structured around a substitution process in order to examine the physico-chemical properties, the solvent power and the application performances of the molecules. At each step, a comparison is made with petrochemical solvents. In the context of substitution, the last part concerns agrosurfactant aqueous solutions and focuses on the physico-chemical mechanisms involved in aqueous degreasing processes
FREISSINET, CATHERINE. "Estimation des imprécisions dans la modélisation du devenir des produits phytosanitaires dans les sols : une méthode fondée sur la logique floue". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10068.
Texto completo da fontePavier, Claire. "Oxypropylation de la pulpe de betterave à sucre et utilisation des polyols obtenus pour la préparation de nouveaux matériaux polyuréthanes". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0041.
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