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Arsenault, Karelle. "Le passage de la production filmique à la production de nouveaux formats numériques : analyse des productions de l'ONF/interactif". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6487.
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Ce mémoire de maîtrise interroge la nature des productions audiovisuelles interactives réalisées par l'Office national du film du Canada (ONF) pour sa section "ONF/interactif", depuis la mise en ligne d'un premier webdocumentaire en 2009. Ces productions sont des projets collaboratifs pour la plupart et prennent plusieurs formes, parfois mélange de vidéo et de textes, de photographies et d'éléments sonores, mais jamais un seul à la fois. Toutes possèdent leur propre interface et leur propre environnement, à travers lesquels l'internaute circule et accède au contenu tout en participant à sa concrétisation. Ce sont des oeuvres "hypermédiatiques", conjuguant à la fois textes, images (fixes ou animées) et sons. Là où survient une première interrogation est lorsque, d'une part, vient le temps d'attribuer un titre ou même un genre à ces productions, comme nous le faisons pour le film, la photographie ou la musique; et, d'autre part, lorsqu'il faut définir et expliquer ce qui caractérise ces productions, soit ce à partir de quoi nous pourrions les nommer. Pour se faire, cette recherche passe en revue une quarantaine de productions de l'ONF/interactif à partir de grilles de repérage s'inspirant d'un cadre théorique qui combine des concepts de productions médiatiques plus traditionnelles à ceux de productions numériques, telles l'interactivité et l'hypermédialité. La recherche propose en toute fin une catégorisation des productions par "type", mais, surtout, ouvre la porte à une plus large réflexion sur l'apparition des "nouveaux" produits culturels et sur ce que cela signifie pour les producteurs et les récepteurs.
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Song, Dae Hyun. "Pre-Production, Production and Post-Production on Short Film "Draw Me Invisible"". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321962.
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Daugaard, Andreas, e Daniel Nyberg. "Production capacity enhancements through production line simulations". Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300131.
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The thesis project described in this report was conducted at Scania CV (Scania), which is a global company that delivers transport solutions to customers all around the globe. The project was conducted as a simulation study of the production flow of the output shaft manufacturing line UGA (Utgående Axel), located at the transmission department (DX) in Södertälje. The main objectives for the simulation study was to identify possible enhancements to increase the line-capacity and -OPE, and based on the findings provide a set of recommended actions Scania can take to increase the performance of the production line. To conduct the project was a simulation model developed in another master’s thesis back in 2019 provided to the authors. But since both the production line and the products manufactured at UGA line have been subjected to changes since 2019 was this model outdated and the validity of the model had to be confirmed. Therefore was a thorough current state description developed that was utilized to identify the gap between the simulation model from 2019 and the current state at the productionline. Based on the gap-analysis was it decided that the model from 2019 did not reflect UGA line in its current state to a satisfying degree. Therefore was a new simulation model developed, which then was updated with new input data. During the development of the new simulation model was the old model used as a template where the features that still accurately described UGA line was retained. The new simulation model was validated by a comparison between simulated throughput from the simulation model and historical throughput from UGA line. The validation showed a difference in mean weekly throughput of 0,3 %. It was therefore concluded that the simulation model accurately describe UGA line in its current state. The validated model was then used to simulate a number of different scenarios, and the result was analysed to find different areas for improvements. Finally was the result from the analysis compiled as recommended actions, that in turn was divided into short- and long-term actions. Where the actions categorised as short term concerns actions that could bring improvements to the existing production line, while the long-term actions require reconfigurations of the layout to be realized. The result showed that continue working on decreasing cycle times to achieve the defined goal cycletimes will have a positive effect on the lines capacity, but not on the overall line OPE. The reason for this is that the effect from other losses in the production line will increase when the cycle times become more uniform. But since the capacity will be significantly improved as the goal cycle time is reached, is Scania still recommended to continue their work with cycle time reduction, and if possible reduce the cycle times in some specific machines below the current goal. In addition is Scania in short-term recommended to identify and reduce the undefined stop time that frequently occur, reduce quality losses and improve machine availability. Regarding the long-term actions is Scania recommended to investigate the possibility to reconfigure UGA line. The simulations showed that both increasing buffer sizes at strategic positions to improve bottleneck utilization, or decouple the line to make it less sensitive will positively affect the capacity and OPE. In addition did the simulations of the combination of these two configurations show the greatest improvement among all simulations. Scania is therefore recommended to investigate the business case around either of these configurations or a combination of both.Examensarbetet som beskrivs i denna rapport genomfördes hos Scania CV (Scania), vilket är ett globalt företag som levererar transportlösningar till kunder över hela världen. Projektet genomfördes som en simuleringsstudie av produktionsflödet hos produktionslinjen för utgående axlar, UGA-linjen (Utgående Axel), som är belägen på transmissionsavdelningen (DX) i Södertälje. De huvudsakliga målen för simuleringsstudien var att identifiera möjliga förbättringar för att öka linjekapaciteten och -OPE, och baserat på resultaten tillhandahålla en uppsättning rekommenderade åtgärder Scania kan vidta för att öka produktionslinjens prestanda. För att genomföra projektet tilldelades författarna en simuleringsmodell som utvecklats i ett tidigare examensarbete under 2019. Eftersom både produktionslinjen och produkterna som tillverkats på UGA-linjen har genomgått förändringar sedan 2019 ansågs modell vara föråldrad och modellens validitet behövde bekräftas. Därför arbetades en grundlig nulägesbeskrivning fram som sedan användes för att identifiera gapet mellan simuleringsmodellen från 2019 och nuläget vid produktionslinjen. Baserat på gap-analysen konstaterades det att modellen från 2019 inte återspeglade UGA-linjen till en tillfredsställande grad. Därför utvecklades en ny simulerings modell som sedan uppdaterades med ny indata. Under utvecklingen av den nya simuleringsmodellen användes den gamla modellen som en mall där de funktioner som fortfarande beskrev UGA-linjen på ett bra sätt bibehölls. Den nya simuleringsmodellen validerades genom en jämförelse mellan simulerad produktion och historiskt rapporterad produktion från UGA-linjen. Valideringen visade en skillnad i genomsnittligt antal producerade produkter per vecka på 0,3%. De konstaterades därför att simuleringsmodellen på ett tillförlitligt sätt beskriver UGA-linjen i sitt nuvarande tillstånd. Den validerade modellen användes sedan för att simulera ett antal olika scenarier vars resultat analyserades för att hitta olika förbättringsområden. Slutligen sammanställd resultaten från analysen som rekommenderade åtgärder, som i sin tur delades in i åtgärder på kort- och lång-sikt. De åtgärder som kategoriserats som kortsiktiga är åtgärder som kan medföra förbättringar av den befintliga produktionslinjen, medan de långsiktiga åtgärderna kräver förändring av layouten för att genomföras. Resultatet visade att fortsatta arbetet med att minska cykeltider för att uppnå de uppsatta målcykeltiderna kommer att ha en positiv effekt på linjekapaciteten, men inte på total OPE för linjen. Anledningen till detta är att effekten av andra förluster i produktionslinjen ökar när variationen i cykeltid mellan maskinerna minskar. Men eftersom kapaciteten kommer att öka markant om målcykeltiderna uppnås rekommenderas Scania att fortsätta arbeta med cykeltidsreducering och om möjligt minska cykeltiderna under det nuvarande målet för vissa maskiner. Dessutom rekommenderas Scania på kort sikt att; identifiera och minska den odefinierade stopptid som ofta förekommer, minska kvalitetsförluster och förbättra maskintillgängligheten. När det gäller de långsiktiga åtgärderna rekommenderas Scania att undersöka möjligheten att bygga om UGA-linjen. Detta eftersom simuleringarna visade att både ökade buffertstorlekar vid strategiska positioner för att förbättra utnyttjandegraden hos flaskhalsmaskinerna, och att koppla isär linjen för att göra den mindre känslig kommer att påverka både kapacitet och OPE positivt. Dessutom visade simuleringarna av kombinationen av dessa två konfigurationer den största förbättringen bland alla simuleringar. Scania rekommenderas därför att undersöka möjligheten kring någon av dessa konfigurationer eller en kombination av båda.
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Berlinguer, Marco. "Commons based production and value. Contributions to the analytical frame". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457582.
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La ambición de esta tesis es contribuir al progreso del estado de la literatura científica que se ha desarrollado alrededor de la noción de bienes comunes, interpretada como un elemento crucial e innovador que está marcando importantes transformaciones en la organización de la producción contemporánea.
En términos generales, el objetivo de la tesis es avanzar en el desarrollo de un marco inspirado en la noción de los bienes comunes para analizar algunos rasgos desafiantes de las nuevas formas de producción que han aparecido a lo largo de las últimas décadas a través de la crisis del régimen fordista-keynesiano, la instalación de un nuevo paradigma tecno-económico y el surgimiento de un modo de desarrollo informacional.
Trabajando junto a diferentes corrientes de investigación que han trabajado recientemente alrededor del redescubrimiento de la noción de bienes comunes, esta tesis pretende aportar argumentos en favor de la necesidad de pluralizar nuestro marco de análisis sobre las prácticas e instituciones colectivas que rodean el aprovisionamiento y la gobernanza de bienes y servicios básicos en las complejas economías contemporáneas, yendo más allá del binomio dominante organizado entorno al duopolio estado contra mercado.
En comparación con el estado del arte, las principales innovaciones y áreas de contribuciones son dos.
En primer lugar, en vez de centrar la investigación sobre los bienes comunes concebidos como una esfera autónoma de producción social, se propone principalmente utilizar los bienes comunes como marco para analizar arreglos híbridos, en los que los bienes comunes se enredan en transformaciones que tienen lugar en las formas de trabajar tanto del mercado capitalista como del Estado.
En segundo lugar, pretende avanzar en la limitada investigación que se ha realizado hasta ahora sobre el desarrollo de un marco para comprender y estimar el valor generado en condiciones de compartición, es decir, según una lógica radicalmente distinta de la lógica del valor de cambio.
La tesis está compuesta por una colección de tres artículos.
Berlinguer, M. (2014). The social economy in Italy, pp. 101-126, in Satgar, V. (ed.) (2014). The solidarity economy alternative: Emerging theory and practice, University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.
Berlinguer, M., Fuster Morell, M., Joan Subirats, J. (2016). Investigando nuevas coordenadas de intercambio y de valor. Las comunidades de producción colaborativa entre pares y procomún. Revista Arbor. Numero monográfico: La transición a lo digital del sistema cultural: nuevas narrativas, nuevas reglas. ISNN 0210-1963
Berlinguer, M. (Forthcoming). Valuing sharing. How commons have become part of informational capitalism and what we can learn from it. The case of FOSS.
Para enriquecer y sostener los argumentos que abordan los artículos anteriores, en el apéndice, se acompaña la tesis con otros tres artículos que se han preparado en el marco de proyectos de investigación que aportaron materiales empíricos y metodológicos que han apoyado esta tesis doctoral.
Berlinguer, M., Fuster Morell, M., Martínez, R., Joan Subirats, J. (2015). Sostenibilidad de la cultura libre: modelos emergentes en Cataluña. In: Fuster Morell, M. Subirats, J., Berlinguer, M.
Martínez, M. y Salcedo, J. Cultura libre y procomún digital en Cataluña: Icaria, pp. 97–168.
Morell, M. F., Salcedo, J. L., & Berlinguer, M. (2016, September). Debate About the Concept of Value in Commons-Based Peer Production. In International Conference on Internet Science (pp. 27-41). Springer International Publishing.
Berlinguer, M., Morell, M. F., Salcedo, J. L., & Martínez, R., Tebbens, W. (Forthcoming). Defining, Mapping and Sampling Common-based peer production.The ambition of this thesis is to contribute to the progress of the state of the art of the scientific literature that has developed around the notion of the commons, interpreted as a crucial and innovative element that is marking important transformations in the organization of contemporary production. In general terms, the objective of the thesis is to advance in the development of a framework inspired by the notion of the commons to analyze some challenging features of new forms of production, which have been appearing along the last decades, across the crisis of the Fordist-Keynesian capitalistic regime, the installation of a new techno-economical paradigm and the emergence of an informational mode of development. Working along with different streams of research that engaged recently with the rediscovery of the notion of the commons, this thesis aims to provide arguments towards the necessity to pluralize our framework of analysis concerning the collective practices and institutions surrounding the provisioning and governance of core goods and services in complex modern economies, going beyond the dominant binary organized on the state vs market duopoly. Compared with the state of the art, the main innovations and areas of contributions are two. First of all, rather than centering the research on the commons conceived as an autonomous sphere of social production, it mainly aims to utilize the commons as a framework to analyze hybrid arrangements, in which the commons appear enmeshed with transformations that are taking place in the forms of working of both the capitalistic market and the state. Secondly, it aims to advance the limited research that has been done so far around the development of a framework to understand and assess the value generated in conditions of sharing, that is, according to a logic that is radically different from the logic of exchange value. The thesis is composed by a collection of three articles. Berlinguer, M. (2014). The social economy in Italy, pp. 101-126, in Satgar, V. (ed.) (2014). The solidarity economy alternative: Emerging theory and practice, University of KwaZulu-Natal Press. Berlinguer, M., Fuster Morell, M., Joan Subirats, J. (2016). Investigando nuevas coordenadas de intercambio y de valor. Las comunidades de producción colaborativa entre pares y procomún. Revista Arbor. Numero monográfico: La transición a lo digital del sistema cultural: nuevas narrativas, nuevas reglas. ISNN 0210-1963 Berlinguer, M. (Forthcoming). Valuing sharing. How commons have become part of informational capitalism and what we can learn from it. The case of FOSS. To further enrich and sustain the arguments that are tackled by the above articles, in the appendix, they are accompanied by other three articles that have been prepared in the framework of research projects that provided empirical and methodological materials that have supported this PhD thesis. Berlinguer, M., Fuster Morell, M., Martínez, R., Joan Subirats, J. (2015). Sostenibilidad de la cultura libre: modelos emergentes en Cataluña. In: Fuster Morell, M. Subirats, J., Berlinguer, M. Martínez, M. y Salcedo, J. Cultura libre y procomún digital en Cataluña: Icaria, pp. 97–168. Morell, M. F., Salcedo, J. L., & Berlinguer, M. (2016, September). Debate About the Concept of Value in Commons-Based Peer Production. In International Conference on Internet Science (pp. 27-41). Springer International Publishing. Berlinguer, M., Morell, M. F., Salcedo, J. L., & Martínez, R., Tebbens, W. (Forthcoming). Defining, Mapping and Sampling Common-based peer production.
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Dellagi, Sofiène Rezg Nidhal. "Développement de stratégies de maintenance dans un contexte de sous-traitance partielle de production". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2006/Dellagi.Sofiane.SMZ0619.pdf.
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Wille, Kirstin. "Film production in Cambodia conditions and structure of the Cambodian film production market, demand and supply in consideration of film genre". Erfurt Thüringisch-Kambodschan. Ges, 2009. http://www.tkgev.org/film-production-in-cambodia.html.
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Rediger, Daniel. "Minimizing production setups by optimizing the production setup". Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6493.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 9 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Koivu, Timothy Grant. "Production activity control, the hierarchical production control policy". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21093.pdf.
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Yamamoto, Yuji. "Kaikaku in production toward creating unique production systems". Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-20901.
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In the business environment characterized by the severe global competition and the fast-paced changes, production functions of manufacturing companies must have a capacity of undertaking not only incremental improvement, Kaizen, but also large-scale improvement that is of a radial and innovative nature here called “Kaikaku” (Kaikaku is a Japanese word meaning change or reformation). Moreover, production functions especially those located in high-wage countries must be proficient in radical innovation in production to maintain their competitive advantages. They must to be capable of creating new knowledge and constantly developing and implementing radically new production technologies, processes, and equipment which make their production systems more “unique”. Here, a unique production system means a production system that is valuable for the company’s competition, rare in the industry, difficult for competitors to imitate, and difficult for them to substitute. Kaikaku is not a new phenomenon in the industry, and much research has been done on how to manage large-scale changes in Kaikaku. However, the previous research has rarely focused on the relation of Kaikaku and creating unique production systems. Kaikaku can be an effective means to create such systems. The objective of the research presented in the doctoral thesis is to propose how to plan and implement Kaikaku so that it contributes to creating unique production systems. To fulfil the objective, five empirical studies were conducted. In the empirical studies, data were collected through literature review, interviews, participant-observation, and action research. Japanese and Swedish manufacturing companies were studied. General conclusions of the research are summarized as follows. In order to achieve Kaikaku so that it contributes to realizing unique production systems, the intent and commitment to realize such systems must be present at the strategic level of the organization. Organization structures and resources need to be prepared to support the mentioned kind of Kaikaku. A process of Kaikaku can be a less linear and systematic but more cyclic and emergent process which can be seen as a series of unfolding smaller improvement or development projects that are undertaken during Kaikaku to achieve overall objectives. In each projects exploration and organizational learning are facilitated. The research has also found a specific direction of how to develop a production system in order to make the system more unique. Finally, in the research, a design method that is helpful to create unique production lines, cells, and equipment has been found and studiedKaikaku
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Knudsen, Claus Jørgen Schibsted. "Presence production". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, NADA, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3823.
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This investigation has been carried out at the RoyalInstitute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm. The main goal hasbeen to investigate the factors determining the production of asense of presence and reality in video mediated communication.Presenceis in these studies defines as the subjectiveexperience of being together in one place when one isphysically situated in another. Presence is an emergentproperty; it has no physicality, but arises as a mentalsensation. Special attention has been paid to spatial factors,embodiment issues, and narrative elements related to theproduction of presence.
A context map has been used in order to model the semanticsof presence production and to visualize the relationshipsbetween the determining factors. The conclusions may besummarized as follows:
Knowledge about physical and extended spaces and bodiesand of the shifting of attention between these is importantin presence production.
Well planned design of physical and virtual spacesenhances the sense of presence.
Coherent design and production of mediated embodiment canenhance the sense of presence.
Conscious use of content characteristics, e.g., goodstorytelling, can enhance the sense of presence.
Different communication modes need the support ofdifferent combinations of presence production factors.
Even technically poorly mediated communication maysupport a sense of presence and reality if the storytellingis good.
The human sensory environment should be supported by asense of non-mediation, technological transparency, on theplane of discourse.
The results indicate that individual differencesinfluence the sense of presence and reality.
The perception of video mediated communication evolves aspeople become daily users. People seem to intuitively begin tointerpret new types of mediated cues, adding what is missing incomparison to a real time physical communicationexperience.
Keywords:Telepresence, presence, social presence,co-presence, concept modeling, virtual reality, person space,task space, narration, video mediated communication, videoconferencing.
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Peters, Christine. "Slow production". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-69207.
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Viele zeitgenössische Institutionen (Theater, Festivals, Biennalen, Kunsthallen, Museen, etc.) haben sich seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre wieder verstärkt experimentellen Formen zugewandt, sowie einen Theorie und Praxis verzahnten Diskurs gefördert. Wie aber sieht es in der Realität mit einer kontinuierlichen Programmarbeit in diesem Bereich aus?
Gehören diese Formate und programmatischen Überschriften lediglich zu einer aufgeklärten Gesellschaft des Spektakels, die nach mehr Abwechslung verlangt oder existieren substantielle und kulturpolitische Langzeitperspektiven?
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Lion, Majed, e Daniel Ramström. "Production Analysis". Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad maskinteknik (KTH Södertälje), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-222274.
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Chen, Chien-Yen. "Biosurfactant production". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419243.
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De, Magalhaes F. P. M. P. D. "Parametric production". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304116.
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Saptouw, F. "The production". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11802.
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Includes bibliographical references.The focus of this dissertation is the establishment of various entry-points into my practical project, Postproduction (2007 -2009). My project entails re-printing Nicolas Bourriaud's Postproduction (2007) with outdated and superseded printing technology, specifically letterpress/movable type. The text is printed onto paper that was handmade from original copies of Postproduction . Standard letterpress ink was used in combination with a Vandercook 219 AB press for the printing. To compensate for the occurrence of various complications and errors during the production process there were three to five working copies of the book. After a Single volume was selected for presentation in the gallery space all the remaining copies of the text were destroyed.
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Hägg, David, e Victor Hofmeijer. "Analysis of a Production Cell using Production Simulation Tools". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Produktionsteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-59006.
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This final thesis was performed at Ecole Nationale Supériure D’Arts et Métiers (ENSAM) in Lille, France. The aim of the thesis has been to use two different simulation tools to analyse an existing production cell with focus on industrial engineering. The possible use and the usability of the simulation tools are also studied. The models built for simulation have been used to gather data about the cell. After analyse and discussion about the data we came to the following conclusions. The bottleneck in the cell is the Stäubli. A cheap and simple way to improve the cell is by adding new decision points (sensors) to it. The most efficient location of the new decision points is before and after the Stäubli. The production rate reaches its maximum rate for both settings with eight pallets. If the improvements are implemented then there is no reason to change the speed of the conveyor. With basic settings the speed can be increased for better productivity. The most efficient production type for short setup times is single, for both settings. Delmia is useful for visual representation. It’s also useful for measurements of time and distance since the accuracy is very high. Delmia is useful as common platform when to discuss and explain thoughts and ideas about a project. Flow simulation in Quest provides a great understanding of the production and the behaviour of the cell. It is very easy to get data in and out of the program and to compare results and impacts of changes.
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Saeed, Muhammad. "Production and Delivery (Optimization of production system and reliability)". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Datateknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4728.
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This thesis is done to solve two issues for Sayid Paper Mill Ltd Pakistan. Section one deals with a practical problem arise in SPM that is cutting a given set of raw paper rolls of known length and width, and a set of product paper rolls of known length (equal to the length of raw paper rolls) and width, practical cutting constraints on a single cutting machine, according to demand orders for all customers. To solve this problem requires to determine an optimal cutting schedule to maximize the overall cutting process profitability while satisfying all demands and cutting constraints. The aim of this part of thesis is to develop a mathematical model which solves this problem.Second section deals with a problem of delivering final product from warehouse to different destinations by finding shortest paths. It is an operational routing problem to decide the daily routes for sending trucks to different destination to deliver their final product. This industrial problem is difficult and includes aspect such as delivery to a single destination and multiple destinations with limited resources. The aim of this part of thesis is to develop a process which helps finding shortest path.
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Granath, Fredrik. "Strategies for pollination services as a productive input in Canola production". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-63416.
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The threats to ecosystems and the future delivery of ecosystem services are to a large extentassociated with risks and uncertainty. Integrating these concepts into the analysis on ecosystemservices is thus an important aspect when building sound theoretical frameworks as well aspractical guidelines.We use a standard framework from financial economics that incorporates risk to analyse howfarmers may opt for different strategies for how pollination may affect their harvest. Undercertain assumptions, this framework highlights the inherit trade-offs in the output and risk ofpollination, as well as showing that farmers may opt for different strategies depending on theirrisk preference.Our conclusion from this study is that, although proper data on pollination is lacking, theframework used in combining risk management and ecosystem services does highlight crucialaspects of ecosystem management and may be used as an argument for using precautionary-typemanagement.
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SAIDI, KARECHE DOUDJA. "Planification et pilotage de la production dans les systemes productifs mulicentriques". Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0698.
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L'evolution des contraintes d'organisation et de gestion de la production a conduit a l'emergence de reseaux defirmes ayant un projet productif commun, que nous denommons "systemes de production multicentriques". Le pilotage de ces productions pose le probleme de la coherence, par rapport a un objectif global, des zones d'autonomie des differents acteurs locaux. Dans ce cadre, notre recherche a porte sur la problematique de la coherence et de la performance de dispositifs de coordination, sachant que nous nous sommes focalisee sur les strategies de reduction et de respect des delais. Notre travail s'articule autour d'une methode hierarchique de planification/ ordonnancement dite "methode des anticipations dynamiques" (mad). Cette methode repose sur une planification +mrp au plus tot; tirant parti d'une analyse pert des nomenclatures et sur un ordonnancement dynamique fonde sur ies marges degagees a l'etape de planification. Des experimentations par simulation ont montre la superiorite de cette methode sur celles classiquement mises en oeuvre en industrie, superiorite qui s'explique par la coherence qu'elle instaure entre les decisions prises au niveau central de planification et les ordonnancements mis en oeuvre de facon decentralisee. Or, en pratique, cette coherence est souvent remise en cause par des actions locales destinees a repondre a des imperatifs du court terme ou a corriger des deviations des plans de production. Parmi ces remises en cause, on peut citer la replanification des ordres lances face a des retards constates et le reordonnancement selon des criteres locaux relevant du savoir faire ou des interets propres des acteurs operationnels. Ces deux phenomenes ainsi que la question de l'evaluation economique d'une approche de pilotage de la production (prise en compte des encours et des penalites de retard) ont constitue les trois axes autour desquels nous avons approfondi l'etude de la mad. Cette etude nous a permis de mettre en evidence l'interet et la necessite d'une nouvelle approche pour le pilotage des productions multicentriques, mais surtout elle nous a permis de comprendre et d'interpreter les mecanismes a l'origine de nombreux dysfonctionnements lies au comportement dynamique des systemes de productionOur work deals with the problem of production control in large manufacturing firms with a network structure. One of the crucial problems production planners do face is that of insuring good global performance given the number of interactions between different planning and scheduling decisions that take place in a local context. In this work we examine the question of performance and coherence of different production control procedures and we focus on strategies aimed at reducing the length of manufacturing lead-time and increasing due date reliability. This research relies on a specific planning and scheduling approach called the + dynamic anticipation approach ; (daa). This approach consists of a hierarchical two stage decomposition of the planning/scheduling process : the planing stage uses a combined pert/mrp procedure and shop floor control is achieved using a dynamic scheduling rule based on the floats derived at the planing stage. Simulation experiments showed the performance of the daa and it's superiority over other classical production control policies. The high performance of the daa is mostly related to the coherence that it achieves between planing and scheduling decisions. In practical situations however, this coherence is very hard to insure because a lot of unplanned events occur and local actors, faced to short term considerations, always take decisions that may lead to incoherence with global medium term choices. Accelerating or delaying released orders and scheduling the work in process with respect to local performance criteria are the most classical examples of such decisions. So, we pursued the study of the daa taking into account these two situations. On the other hand, we proposed a new evaluation of the performance of different production control approaches that considers economical aspects such as work in process and late penalties costs. These investigations showed the necessity to develop new approaches to control complex production systems and it allowed us to explain the dynamic behavior of production systems
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Hadj, Youssef Khaled. "Pilotage des systèmes de production à flux mixtes : production à la commande et production par anticipation". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0951.
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Dans le cas d'une production à la commande (Make To Order), l'ordre de production n'est passé à l'exécution qu'après la réception d'une commande ferme. Dans le cas d'une production par anticipation (Make To Stock), les produits sont fabriqués par anticipation des demandes futures et placés dans un stock à partir duquel les demandes seront directement satisfaites. Il est assez fréquent de combiner ces deux modes fondamentaux (MTO et MTS) ; en particulier dans les secteurs industriels où l'activité de l'entreprise se partage en deux grandes activités. Une activité de base, associée à un nombre réduit de références produites régulièrement en grandes quantités (the High Volume products), et une activité complémentaire, associée à la production irrégulière en faible quantité d'un grand nombre de références différentes (the Low Volume products). Dans une telle situation, l'activité de base (HV) est généralement gérée en MTS tandis que l'activité complémentaire (LV) est gérée en MTO. L'approche la plus simple pour piloter ces flux consiste à utiliser une politique " premier arrivé premier sorti " (First-In-First-Out). Les demandes seront donc traitées selon leur ordre d'arrivée indépendamment du fait qu'ils soient HV ou LV. Une approche alternative consiste à donner une priorité aux produits LV (the PRiority policy). L'idée est de donner une réactivité maximale pour ces produits, permettant ainsi de les fabriquer à la commande tout en leur assurant encore une bonne réactivité par rapport aux clients. L'objectif de la thèse est d'étudier l'intérêt de cette deuxième approche (le mode PR), en terme de coût et aussi en terme d'impact sur le choix optimal des modes MTO et/ou MTS.
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Francis, Merwin. "A model for assessing the anticipated relative financial impact of implementing the tools of lean manufacturing on a manufacturing concern". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1326.
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Lean manufacturing has seen its creators, Toyota, rise from insignificance in the middle of the previous century, to the biggest selling car manufacturer in the world today. Another Japanese car manufacturer, Honda, which has also been practising the principles of lean avidly during the last few decades, has also made huge strides towards becoming a dominant force in the car market. These Japanese companies‟ adoption of lean has seen many of their mass producing United States (US) and European counterparts struggle for survival. Maynard (2003:10) predicted that by the end of the decade, at least one of the „Big Three‟ auto makers in the US – Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors (GM) – would be forced to undertake significant restructuring to continue in operation. At the time of this writing all indications are that this prediction will come true. GM is in the process of major shareholding restructuring in an attempt to keep the company afloat, having run up insurmountable debts in the face of the current global economic downturn. Adopting the lean methodology has become a matter of necessity. The continued use of mass production methods alone is no longer viable; companies need to also employ lean methods intelligently in order to remain competitive. This study is regarded as a crucial endeavour to assist operations managers of manufacturing concerns in developing lean implementation strategies which will maximise the benefits to the organization.
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Netland, Torbjørn H. "Company-specific production systems: Managing production improvement in global firms". Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23711.
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How can a firm improve the production of all its plants simultaneously? Many multinational firms have suggested they can do so by developing strategic production improvement programmes and implementing them in their dispersed network of plants. Instead of leaving every subsidiary to solve their own improvement issues, they offer a company-specific production system: an XPS. The ‘X’ stands for the company’s name, and ‘PS’ stands for production system or an equivalent. A few good examples include the Bosch Production System, Caterpillar Production System, Jotun Operations System, Nissan Production Way and—the main case of my research—the Volvo Production System (VPS). When developing an XPS, a firm adapts principles from available production improvement templates, such as total quality management (Deming, 1982), just-in-time production (Ohno, 1988), theory of constraints (Goldratt and Cox, 1984), world class manufacturing (Schonberger, 1986), mass customisation (Pine, 1993), six sigma (Pande et al., 2000) and, most notably, lean production (Womack et al., 1990). The famous Toyota Production System has been a particular inspiration for other firms (Hofman, 2000; Feggeler and Neuhaus, 2002). However, considering the large amount of investments that are required to establish and manage these systems, it is puzzling that apparently little is known about how to implement them with success. Chakravorty (2010) reported that 60% of all six sigma programmes were unsuccessful, and Pay (2008) suggested the same for 74% of lean production projects. In general, two-thirds of all corporate change programmes tend to fail (Kotter, 1995; Beer and Nohria, 2001; Aiken and Keller, 2009). In particular, a main challenge is to sustain the improvements over time (Bateman, 2005; Schonberger, 2007). Can a corporate multi-plant improvement programme in the form of an XPS deliver the promised results? This dissertation provides answers to this question. The research method has primarily been qualitative case studies, which hold many advantages when studying emergent and less codified phenomena (Voss et al., 2002), such as the XPS. With the exception of a literature synthesis (Paper 2), the research is empirical and based on close interactions with practitioners, for the most part in the Volvo Group (Papers 3-5). For example, to collect data for the fifth paper included in this thesis, I visited 40 Volvo plants on five continents,interviewed 200 managers at Volvo, administered a questionnaire survey that received 312 responses and had full access to Volvo’s own audit data for VPS implementation in the plants. This dissertation consists of two parts: The first is a summary and discussion of the five papers included in this thesis. The second part is a collection of the papers, each answering a general research question: What is the phenomenon of ‘XPS’? (Paper 1) What does the literature say about XPSs? (Paper 2) Strategically, do XPSs make sense? (Paper 3) Empirically, does an XPS improve performance? (Paper 4) In what pattern does an XPS affect performance? (Paper 5) Paper 1 analyses the XPSs of 30 renowned multinational companies and found that the XPS is a strategic production improvement programme tailored to the specific needs of a company. In the literature synthesis in Paper 2, only 30 papers that explicitly studied improvement programmes in an international, multi-plant setting were discovered. Whereas the literature on production improvement and international management are both mature, their union is much less studied. The results in Paper 3 suggest that any firm can attain a competitive advantage if it implements an XPS with a good strategic fit and does so faster than its competitors do. Paper 4 presents evidence that an XPS can significantly improve operational performance. Finally, Paper 5 concludes that the implementation of an XPS seems to affect the performance of a plant in an S-curve pattern: performance first improves slowly, then rapidly, then less rapidly and finally slowly again. These findings have important implications for practice. A general recommendation is that an XPS can be an effective way to improve the production in multiple plants. I balance this advice with a thorough discussion of problematic issues: both methodological and practical. This thesis strives to be helpful to those who either manage or study production improvement, today and in the future.Hvordan kan en bedrift forbedre produksjonen i alle sine fabrikker samtidig? Mange multinasjonale selskaper mener at det kan gjøres gjennom et strategisk produksjonsforbedringsprogram som implementeres i deres globale produksjonsnettverk. Istedenfor å la hver fabrikk selv finne ut av hvordan man best forbedrer produksjonen, tilbyr morsselskapet et bedriftsspesifikt produksjonssystem: et XPS. “X”-en står for bedriftens navn, mens “PS” er en forkortelse for “produksjonssystem”, eller tilsvarende. Noen få gode eksempler inkluderer Bosch Production System, Caterpillar Production System, Jotun Operations System, Nissan Production Way og—hovedcaset i min egen forskning—Volvo Production System (VPS). Når man utvikler et XPS tilpasser bedriften prinsipper fra alle tilgjengelige oppskrifter for produksjonsforbedring, slik som for eksempel “total kvalitetsledelse” (Deming, 1982), “justin- time produksjon” (Ohno, 1988), “flaskehalsstyring” (Goldratt and Cox, 1984), “world class manufacturing” (Schonberger, 1986), “masseprodusert skreddersøm” (Pine, 1993), “six sigma” (Pande et al., 2000) og, trolig mest kjent, “lean produksjon” (Womack et al., 1990). Det berømte produksjonssystemet til Toyota har utvilsomt vært en spesiell inspirasjonskilde for andre bedrifter (Hofman, 2000; Feggeler and Neuhaus, 2002). Men, med tanke på de betydelige investeringene som gjøres i disse systemene, er det overraskende at vi tilsynelatende vet lite om hvordan vi skal lykkes med å implementere dem. Chakravorty (2010) rapporterte at 60 % av alle six sigma programmer feiler. Pay (2008) fant det samme for 74 % av alle lean prosjekter. Generelt mislykkes to tredjedeler av alle endringsprogrammer i bedrifter (Kotter, 1995; Beer and Nohria, 2001; Aiken and Keller, 2009). En hovedutfordring er å opprettholde forbedringsarbeidet over tid (Bateman, 2005; Schonberger, 2007). Kan et globalt produksjonsforbedringsprogram i form av et XPS levere bedre og vedvarende resultater? Denne avhandlingen søker svar på dette spørsmålet gjennom fem artikler og en diskusjon av dem. Forskningsmetoden er først og fremst kvalitative casestudier, som har mange fordeler når man studerer et fremvoksende og ubeskrevet fenomen (Voss et al., 2002)—slik som XPS. Med unntak av litteratur-sammenskrivningen (Artikkel 2) er all min forskning empirisk og basert på tett interaksjon med industribedrifter, for det meste i Volvo Gruppen (Artikkel 3-5). For eksempel, for å samle data til den femte artikkelen besøkte jeg 40 fabrikker på fem kontinenter, intervjuet mer enn 200 ansatte, samlet 312 svar til en spørreundersøkelse og fikk full tilgang til Volvos egne revisjonsdata på implementering av VPS i fabrikkene. Denne avhandlingen består av to deler: Den første delen er en sammenfatning og diskusjon av forskningsdesignet og funnene i de fem artiklene. Den andre delen er en samling av artiklene, hvor hver av dem svarer på et generelt forskningsspørsmål: 1. Hva er fenomenet “XPS”? (Artikkel 1) 2. Hva sier litteraturen om XPS? (Artikkel 2) 3. Strategisk sett, er det fornuftig å utvikle og innføre et XPS? (Artikkel 3) 4. Forbedrer et XPS ytelsen til en fabrikk? (Artikkel 4) 5. I hvilket mønster forbedrer et XPS ytelsen til en fabrikk? (Artikkel 5) Den første artikkelen analyserer innholdet i 30 XPSer tilhørende kjente multinasjonale selskaper og konkluderer at et XPS er et strategisk produksjonsforbedringsprogram som er skreddersydd til den spesifikke bedriften. Artikkel 2 avdekker bare 30 artikler som eksplisitt studerer implementeringen av produksjonsforbedringsprogrammer i internasjonale fabrikknettverk. Mens litteraturen på “produksjonsforbedring” og “internasjonal ledelse” er modne på hver sin side, er foreningen av dem mye mindre studert. Artikkel 3 foreslår at enhver bedrift kan skaffe seg en konkurransefordel dersom den implementerer et XPS som har en god strategisk tilpasning til bedriften, og gjør det raskere enn sine konkurrenter. Artikkel 4 presenterer statistisk signifikante funn som viser at et XPS kan forbedre produktiviteten i en fabrikk. Avslutningsvis, konkluderer Artikkel 5 at implementeringen av et XPS påvirker en fabrikks produktivitet i et S-kurve-mønster: ytelsen forbedres først langsomt, så raskt og økende, så raskt men avtagende og til slutt langsomt igjen. Disse funnene har viktige implikasjoner for praksis. Et generelt råd er at et XPS kan være en effektiv måte å forbedre produksjonen på i mange fabrikker samtidig. Men jeg avveier dette konkrete rådet med en grundig diskusjon av både forskningsmetodiske og praktiske utfordringer. Forhåpentligvis vil denne avhandlingen være til hjelp for dem som enten leder eller forsker på produksjonsforbedring, i dag og i fremtiden.
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Johnston, Steven Dale. "The effects of genotype production and nutrition on lamb production". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295395.
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Mishchenko, Natalia. "Analysis of production methods and industril methods of streptomycin production". Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50641.
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1. Wainwright M. Streptomycin: discovery and resultant controversy. Hist Philos Life Sci. 1991. Vol. 13 (1). P. 97–124.
2. World Health Organization. Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, 6th revision. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. 45 p.The purpose of the study: to analyze the methods of obtaining streptomycin. Relevance of the study: streptomycin is a drug that is widely used in industry, so it is advisable to analyze the production of streptomycin. Task: to analyze the methods of production and industrial methods of streptomycin production.
Актуальність дослідження: стрептоміцин - це препарат, який широко використовується в промисловості, тому доцільно аналізувати виробництво стрептоміцину. Завдання: Проаналізувати методи виробництва та промислових методів виробництва стрептоміцину.
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Naumov, Oleksandr, e Olha Naumova. "Transport-logistic model of integrated production structure of food production". Thesis, National aviation university, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/53439.
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Наумов О., Наумова О. Транспортно-логістична модель інтегрованої виробничої структури виробництва продуктів харчування // Сучасні проблеми менеджменту: матеріали XVII Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції. - Національний авіаційний університет. - Київ, 2021. - С. 25-26The issue of solving problems of optimization of production and transport processes in raw material and processing sectors of the economy of Ukraine today are at the center of attention. So, in the scientific works of Babenko V.O. and Vitlinsky V.V., Nakonechny S.I. and Naumova L.M. shows the simulation and optimization of transport-logistics processes in the industry. The necessity of mathematical modeling of the planning work of the enterprises of transport, industry and raw material base is caused first of all by the possibility in this case of more rational use of available resources and optimization of commodity-cash flows.
Питання вирішення завдань оптимізації виробничих і транспортних процесів у сировинному та переробному секторах економіки України сьогодні знаходиться в центрі уваги. Так, у наукових роботах Бабенка В.О. та Вітлінського В. В., Наконечного С. і. та Наумової Л. М. показано моделювання та оптимізація транспортно-логістичних процесів у промисловості. Необхідність математичного моделювання планування роботи підприємств транспорту, промисловості і сировинної бази обумовлена в першу чергу можливістю в цьому випадку більш раціонального використання наявних ресурсів і оптимізації товарно-грошових потоків.
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Ndjebayi, Joseph Nloga. "Aluminum Production Costs: A Comparative Case Study of Production Strategy". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4468.
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Slumping world aluminum prices have energized some aluminum producers to institute strategies to reduce product costs. This multiple comparative case study explored the strategies used by 4 aluminum producers in Western Europe: 2 companies that have successfully reduced production costs and 2 companies that have not. Wicksteed's economic theory of production and production costs was the conceptual framework for this research. Data from the companies' strategic and industry reports and from interviews with 32 senior managers were analyzed using pattern finding and clustering, a recursive approach to data gathering and analysis established by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. Six themes emerged: (a) upstream integration, (b) energy and price efficiency, (c) carbon-manufacturing capability, (d) operational excellence and productivity, (e) technological and research developmental abilities, and (f) circular economy. The analysis of these themes indicated that the most significant opportunities for productivity improvement include (a) minimizing energy and material use, specifically alumina, cathodes, and carbon, (b) vertically integrating alumina production, (c) developing an efficient circular economic model that integrates the material properties to expand the recyclability of waste, and (d) increasing the electrolytic cell life cycle. Overall, vertical integration provides a competitive advantage and gives the producer ability to control costs. In-house carbon manufacturing capacity reduces a smelter's operating cost. Technological capabilities can minimize energy and material consumption rates. Increased productivity and reduced energy and material use can yield positive social changes, such as the preservation of natural resources, reduced emissions, and waste.
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Bessaa, Hamid. "L’activité de production verbale écrite : effets des outils de production". Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080094.
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La production verbale écrite constitue un vaste champ d’investigation pour les sciences cognitives. A l’heure où il est demandé de plus en plus tôt de savoir produire avec les outils numériques de production verbale écrite (clavier d’ordinateur et tablette tactile), l’utilisation de ces outils nécessite d’être étudiée. Nous proposons d’examiner les effets de trois outils sur la production (stylo numérique, clavier et tablette tactile). Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé quatre études : la première porte sur la production orthographique en condition de dictée ; la deuxième s’intéresse à la copie de mots ; la troisième concerne la reproduction de phrases ; la quatrième aborde la production de textes.Nos analyses montrent que la variable outil de production a une grande importance lors de la production verbale écrite de mots, de phrases ainsi que sur la production de textes. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence l’effet de ces outils sur les temps de production, le nombre d’erreurs, la récupération d’information, le débit et la qualité des textes produits. Nos recherches ouvrent des perspectives nouvelles tant sur le plan méthodologique que sur le plan théorique. En effet, l’outil de production est une variable qu’il faut prendre en compte dans l’étude de la production verbale écriteWritten verbal production is a vast field of investigation for cognitive sciences. At a time when it is asked at an increasingly early age to know how to produce with the digital tools of written verbal production (computer keyboard and touch tablet), the use of these tools needs to be studied. We propose to examine the effects of three tools on production (digital pen, keyboard and touch pad). To do so, we conducted four studies: the first deals with orthographic production in dictation condition; the second is about copying words; the third concerns the reproduction of sentences; the fourth deals with the production of texts.Our analyzes show that the variable production tool is of great importance in the verbal production of words, phrases and the production of texts. We have been able to highlight an effect of these tools on production times, the number of errors, the retrieval of information, the throughput and the quality of the texts produced. Our research opens up new perspectives both from a methodological and a theoretical point of view. Indeed, the tool of production is a variable that must be taken into account in the study of written verbal production
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Bessaa, Hamid. "L’activité de production verbale écrite : effets des outils de production". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080094.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
La production verbale écrite constitue un vaste champ d’investigation pour les sciences cognitives. A l’heure où il est demandé de plus en plus tôt de savoir produire avec les outils numériques de production verbale écrite (clavier d’ordinateur et tablette tactile), l’utilisation de ces outils nécessite d’être étudiée. Nous proposons d’examiner les effets de trois outils sur la production (stylo numérique, clavier et tablette tactile). Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé quatre études : la première porte sur la production orthographique en condition de dictée ; la deuxième s’intéresse à la copie de mots ; la troisième concerne la reproduction de phrases ; la quatrième aborde la production de textes.Nos analyses montrent que la variable outil de production a une grande importance lors de la production verbale écrite de mots, de phrases ainsi que sur la production de textes. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence l’effet de ces outils sur les temps de production, le nombre d’erreurs, la récupération d’information, le débit et la qualité des textes produits. Nos recherches ouvrent des perspectives nouvelles tant sur le plan méthodologique que sur le plan théorique. En effet, l’outil de production est une variable qu’il faut prendre en compte dans l’étude de la production verbale écriteWritten verbal production is a vast field of investigation for cognitive sciences. At a time when it is asked at an increasingly early age to know how to produce with the digital tools of written verbal production (computer keyboard and touch tablet), the use of these tools needs to be studied. We propose to examine the effects of three tools on production (digital pen, keyboard and touch pad). To do so, we conducted four studies: the first deals with orthographic production in dictation condition; the second is about copying words; the third concerns the reproduction of sentences; the fourth deals with the production of texts.Our analyzes show that the variable production tool is of great importance in the verbal production of words, phrases and the production of texts. We have been able to highlight an effect of these tools on production times, the number of errors, the retrieval of information, the throughput and the quality of the texts produced. Our research opens up new perspectives both from a methodological and a theoretical point of view. Indeed, the tool of production is a variable that must be taken into account in the study of written verbal production
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Guevara, Villalobos Orlando. "Cultural production and politics of the digital games industry : the case of independent game production". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8874.
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This thesis sheds light on the social relationships, work practices and identities that shape the small scale sector of independent game production. Harnessing elements of the Production of Culture and Cultural Industries/Work perspectives, it aims to clarify the specifics of independent game production and its relationship with the large-scale sector of the industry. Drawing on a multi-sided ethnography, the thesis captures gamework practices, motivations, ideas and conventions deployed in a diverse range of online and physical spaces where independent developers interact. Given the complex relationships and messiness found in the industry, the results of the thesis initially clarify general aspects, characterising both the corporate structure of the games industry and its independent sector. It then examines the cultures that inform independent work as well as emergent 'indie' praxis. After a historical review of the digital games industry, the thesis addresses how the corporate structure of the industry has created a viable game producing field, with a highly rationalised but not unproblematic process of game production. The independent sector is then analysed in relation to this material culture. The thesis discusses the technologic affordances, structural relationships, market approach and organisational forms supporting the production of independent games. It also examines the motivations, ethics and general culture informing independent developers work, as well as the emergence of independent networked scenes as social spaces where creative, organisational, technical and cultural aspects of independent game production are shaped. The analysis of empirical evidence reveals how the uneven struggle to control or access the means for game production, distribution and reproduction, in both retail and digital distribution business models, shapes the material conditions of the small scale sector game production. The thesis highlights the relationship between production, independent developers' preferences, and their identity as 'indies' as central in understanding how this novel sector of the games industry is being structured. By understanding both the structure and informal practices of independent production, this research offers novel insights in this under-researched area, insights that reveal the intricacies of processes of social change and cultural diversification within the digital games industry as a whole.
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Yamamoto, Yuji. "Kaikaku in production". Licentiate thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9587.
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In today’s fast-changing and dynamic business environment, the pressures on manufacturing companies to compete on the global arena have been intensified. Production is challenged to handle and benefit from ever increasing competitions in terms of cost, delivery capability, and flexibility. In order to gain and sustain the competitive advantage under such circumstances, strong and constant development of production must be ensured not only with continuous improvements but also with radical improvements.
Continuous improvement or called Kaizen has been an established approach of production improvement. The concept of Kaizen is well described and many tools and methods that support Kaizen have been developed and widely applied in industry. However, for radical improvement or “Kaikaku” in Japanese, the need and the importance of Kaikaku are still limitedly recognized at companies. Moreover, the knowledge of structured support that facilitates an effective and efficient execution of Kaikaku has been insufficiently developed.
The purpose of the research presented in this thesis is to develop models and methods that address the need and the importance of Kaikaku in production and facilitate the realization of it.
The research consists of a literature study and three case studies. The literature study was conducted in order to structure the concept of Kaikaku. As a result of the study, a conceptual framework of Kaikaku was developed. The three case studies were conducted to identify influential factors to the realization of Kaikaku. Both Swedish and Japanese companies were studied and analyzed. These case studies led to identify a way of realizing a certain type of Kaikaku. Some characteristics of organization setting were also found influential to the realization of Kaikaku.
To conclude, the research has contributed to creating a foundation of the research area related to Kaikaku. This has opened up opportunities for further research in this field.
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Hocaoglu, Caner. "Carbon Nanotube Production". Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613904/index.pdf.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure, are one of the most attractive research subjects for scientists and industry because of their extraordinary chemical, electrical, optical, mechanical and thermal properties, and their wide range of potential application areas. Mainly, there are two types of carbon nanotubes: single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs).
The most commonly used methods for carbon nanotube production are arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In the CVD method, CNTs are produced from thermal decomposition of the carbon-containing molecules on a suitable transition metal catalyst. CVD method enables large scale production of high-quality CNTs with low cost compared to other methods. The growth and morphology of CNTs can be controlled by adjusting the reaction parameters.
In this study, Co and Mo impregnated CaCO3 catalysts were synthesized at different Co:Mo weight ratios and calcined at different temperatures. XRD results showed that there was mainly CaCO3 compound in the catalysts calcined at 500ºC whereas the catalysts calcined at 700 and 750 º
C were mainly composed of CaO and Ca(OH)2 compounds. In addition to these, CaMoO4, CoO, CoMoO4 and Mo2C were the other solid phases mainly observed in all catalysts. The production of CNTs was performed by chemical vapor deposition of acetylene at a temperature range of 500-700
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Buan, Marthe Emelie Melandsø. "Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19101.
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The possibilities for using CaNb2O6 as a photocatalyst in direct water splitting have been evaluated by investigating the electronic structure of the material. In addition the oxide was doped with nitrogen in order to modify the electronic structure and obtain visible light absorption. Experimental techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), photocurrent, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) were combined with theoretical approaches to determine the bandgap, flatband potential and quasi-Fermi levels of the photocatalyst. CaNb2O6 was prepared by a sol-gel synthesis and doped with nitrogen by heat treatment of the oxide powder in an ammonia atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed phase pure orthorhombic CaNb2O6 for both pure and N-doped oxide and excluded a possible transformation of the oxide into an oxynitride. Upon illumination anodic photocurrents were observed implying that CaNb2O6 was an n-type semiconductor due to oxygen vacancies in the lattice. From the wavelength dependency of the photocurrent a direct bandgap of 3.7eV and an indirect bandgap of 3.4eV were determined for undoped CaNb2O6. Doping with nitrogen altered the optical properties of the oxide and shifted the absorption edge into the visible light region. Calculations using the density functional theory (DFT) attributed the change in absorption properties to the formation of narrow energy bands above the valence band of pure CaNb2O6. An alternative explanation could be a hybridization of N 2p and O 2p bands. Correspondingly a reduction of the bandgaps for N-doped CaNb2O6 with respect to the undoped oxide was identified. Impedance was applied to determine the flatband potential of CaNb2O6 from Mott-Schottky plots. However the obtained results seemed to be dominated by contributions from the electrode substrate. Theoretical investigations concluded that pinhole-free oxide layers creating an ohmic contact with the substrate are required in order to designate the observed impedance response to the space charge capacitance. Quasi-Fermi level measurements indicated a low photocatalytic activity of CaNb2O6 as no photocurrent could be detected. Further investigations are needed to identify the cause of the photocurrent limitations. Nevertheless probable explanations could be low conductivity in CaNb2O6, high concentrations of recombination centers or slow charge transfer kinetics. The latter was confirmed for porous oxide layers as the addition of a hole scavenger increased the measured photocurrent. Positive photocurrent transients were also observed for porous CaNb2O6 films and could be related to either the diffusion of electrons through the porous oxide layer or to a photoanodic decomposition of the photocatalyst.
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Yang, Kejian. "Topics in production". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1173295319.
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Fernlund, Fredrik, e Markus Koskinen. "HDR in production". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-95329.
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HDR (High Dynamic Range) är en teknik som gör det möjligt att fånga in ett större dynamiskt omfång en vad en vanlig bild skulle klara av. Användningsområdena för sådana HDR-bilder är många men företag inom mspel- och film- och visualiseringsindustrin använder ofta bilderna för virtuell ljussättning, däribland Syndicate Entertainment. Det är ett filmproduktionsbolag beläget i Stockholm där examensarbetet delvis är utfört. Idén bakom examensarbetet är att den komplicerade och långsamma processen att skapa HDR-bilderna bör kunna effektiviseras. En utförd enkätundersökning ligger tillsammans med litteraturstudier och kontakt med handledare på företaget och skolan som grund för en framtagen arbetsgång. Arbetsgången är den kedja av processer som krävs för att skapa en HDR-bild och vidare en ljusmapp. Denna arbetsgång granskas kritiskt där förslag på förbättringar redovisas. Förutom granskningen har en demonstrationsapplikation utvecklats. Det finns två syften med denna applikation. Syftena är dels att tillgodose företagets önskemål om att erhålla en applikation som går att använda i praktiken, dels för att realisera och testa några av de framtagna effektiviseringsteorierna.
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Almazroai, Layla S. "Photocatalytic hydrogen production". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54920/.
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Due to the environmental problems arising from the combustion of fossil fuels and their depletion, the production and use of renewable fuels have grown rapidly in recent years. Hydrogen is among the promising fuels of the future as the only material that can be produced from the burning of hydrogen in air is water. The production of hydrogen by the photocatalytic water splitting method involving a semiconductor is a promising development in the field of energy and the environment, and this technique was employed in this work. TiO2 and palladium were the main photoactive support and loaded metal used in this project, respectively. The hydrogen production, whether from water/methanol solution or water alone, was investigated by illumination of the catalyst by UV irradiation produced from an Xe arc lamp. The reactions were performed in liquid or gas phase under an argon atmosphere as an inert gas. The gaseous products were collected and analysed using gas chromatography. The main method used in Pd loading was the impregnation method. 0.5% and 0.1% wt Pd loading were the best in terms of hydrogen production rate in liquid and gas phase reactions respectively. 0.5% Pd/TiO2 (P25) was used in the remaining experiments to investigate some of the variables, to maximize the rate of H2 production. Glycerol displayed an activity and produced hydrogen and carbon dioxide, as in the case of methanol but in much higher quantities. Loading of mesoporous TiO2 by a different weight of Pd, which had a high surface area, gave less hydrogen than Pd/P25 whether in liquid or gas phase reactions. The efficiency of Pd loaded titania (P25, pure anatase or anatase prepared by CHFS) doped by non-metals such as nitrogen, silver or strontium was low and less than Pd/TiO2. Hydrogen produced over Pd/TiO2, Au/TiO2 and TiO2 from water photolysis was also very low. The recombination between hydrogen and oxygen (back reaction) was studied over these catalysts and it was found that it was fastest on Pd/TiO2 whether in the dark or in the presence of light. For Au/TiO2, the light enhanced the hydrogen and oxygen reaction.
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Dickinson, Amanda Jane. "Photocatalytic hydrogen production". Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360725.
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Gedda, Petrus. "Disturbances in production". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69299.
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Pukhova, Angelina. "Design and production". Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13151.
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Kaidaniuk, Denys. "Starch bioplastic production". Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50627.
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1. Tang H., Ando H., Watanabe K. et al. Fine structures of amylose and amylopectin from large, medium and small waxy barley starch granules. Cereal Chemistry. 2001. Vol. 78. P. 111–115.Plastic production is a necessity for humanity today. It is impossible to imagine an industry without it, whether it is the production of children's toys or the production of test tubes. However, the issue of environmental pollution is growing in direct proportion to the increase in plastic production. For example, mankind has created about 380 tons of plastic in 2018, of which only a small part was disposed of. Therefore, the issue of alternatives to plastics that are tolerant of the environment and human health is only gaining momentum. The main task of this work is to create a viable bioplastic from starch that can compete in the market with the usual sample. In fact, starch has long been used in this industry, this polysaccharide is a successful raw material for plastic production due to its properties, which are provided by its components: amylase and amylopectin, amylase in turn responsible for stickiness and water absorption, and amylopectin for strength. Виробництво пластику - це необхідність для людства сьогодні. Неможливо уявити собі індустрію без нього, незалежно від того, чи є це виробництво дитячих іграшок чи виробництво пробірок. Однак питання забруднення навколишнього середовища зростає прямо пропорційно збільшенню виробництва пластмас. Наприклад, людство виробило близько 380 тонн пластмаси у 2018 році, з якої була використана лише невелика частина. Тому питання альтернатив пластмас, які є толерантними до навколишнього середовища та здоров'я людини, отримує лише імпульс. Основним завданням цієї роботи є створення стійкого біопластику з крохмалю, який може конкурувати на ринку зі звичайним зразком. Фактично, крохмаль давно використовується в цій галузі, цей полісахарид є успішною сировиною для виробництва пластмас завдяки своїм властивостям, які забезпечуються його компонентами: амілаза та амілопектин, амілаза, яка відповідає за липкість та поглинання води, а також амілопектин для міцності.
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van, der Merwe Jan Gabriel Jr. "Informal Production Networks". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63625.
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The relationship between industry and the city is a damaged
one. However, with its existing mix of residents, industry
and commerce (albeit segregated from one-another)
Pretoria West holds the potential for a unique relationship
between industry and the citizens of Pretoria. Only by understanding
the role that these industries play within the
greater context of the city can the rich character and culture
of a place be ampli ed and solidi ed in a development
plan. Catalyzed by its heritage, development becomes
a manifestation of the character of place that will attract
further growth and simultaneously embrace the existing
stakeholders.
e existing industrial built-environment is often misshapen
and illegible and whilst it is di cult to organize
(and navigate) the seemingly disorganized site, it is possible
to resolve; through understanding historic boundaries and
development patterns that can be utilized as organizational
grids. In this case historic erf divisions and consolidations
can be utilized as an organizational tool at a large scale and
should serve as a guide to where future structures should be
erected in order to maintain a legible built environment.
When designing future additions, understanding the historic
expansion of these industrial buildings holds the key
to a harmonious relationship between old and new. With
minimal architectural intent these buildings supply little
for the architect to grapple onto, but with material spans
and structural repetition forming the underlying ordering
principle; it is possible to create a logical and ordered extension
of the past.Die verhouding tussen industrie en die stad is beskadig en as gevolg word industrië stelselmatig verwyder van die stad. Die mengsel tussen inwoners, industrie en handel in Pretoria Wes (albeit geissoleer van mekaar) gun egter die potensiaal tot ‘n unieke verbandskap tussen industrie en die inwoners van Pretoria. Slegs deur die rol te erken wat die industrië speel ten opsigte van die stad se groter konteks, kan die karakter en kultuur van so ‘n omgewing versterk en vasgevang word in ‘n ontwikkelings plan. Erfenis dien as katalisator vir ontwikkeling van die karakter van plek wat in beurt verdere nansiële groei sal aanhits. Die bestaande industriële bou-omgewing is misvorm en onvoorspelbaar. Alhoewel so ‘n omgewing nie aan die individie toeleen om weg te vind of organiseer nie, is dit moontlik deur die ontginning van historiese grense en ontwikkelings patrone wat kan dien as organiseerings mates. Historiese erf indelings en konsolodasies kan gebruik word om te dien as ‘n gids vir toekomstige toevoegings, om sodoende die nuwe argitektuur uit die bestaande te laat vloei. Die resultaat is ‘n leesbare en geordende bou-omgewing. Die ontwerp van die nuwe verbeelding steun op die morfologie van die bestaande omgewing om ‘n harmoniese verhouding tussen oud en nuut te skep. Materiale se span afstande neem die rol van die onderliggende orde stelsels aan as gevolg van die gebrek aan aansienlike argitektoniese bedoelings in die bestaande omgewing. Sodoende is ‘n leesbare en logiese uitbreiding van die verlede en na die toekoms moontlik in ‘n omgewing wat ontstaan het sonder ontwerp vir ervaring van mense.
Mini Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted
41
Zhang, Lingzhi. "Catalytic Hydrogen Production". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218493937.
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Hilger, Jean. "Production management language". Strasbourg 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR10016.
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Coughlin, Timothy Daniel. "Central exclusive production". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509407.
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McGrady, John, Michael Matheron, John Palumbo, Michael Rethwisch, Marvin Butler, Joe Matejka e Phil Tilt. "Sustainable Lettuce Production". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221435.
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Zerkoune, Mohammed, Glenn Wright, David Kernz e William McCloskey. "Organic Lemon Production". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/226074.
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This experiment was initiated in March 2000 to study the feasibility of growing organic lemon in the desert southwest of Arizona. A ten-acre field planted to lemons in 1998 was selected on Superstition sand at the Yuma Mesa Agricultural Research Center. The initial soil test in top 6 inches was 5 parts per million (ppm) NO₃⁻ and 4.9-PPM NaHCO₃⁻-extractable P. Soil pH was 8.7 in the top 6 inches. Seven treatments were applied in randomized complete block design repeated three times. The treatments were control, compost and clover, compost and perfecta, compost and steam, manure and clover, manure and perfecta and manure and steam Leaf tissue analysis indicated that nitrate level was significantly influenced by treatment. Organic insect control treatments for citrus thrips were as equally effective as the non-organic commercial standards.
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Bhattacharyya, Arunava. "Production and Inefficiency". DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4051.
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The overall purpose of this three-part dissertation is to specify and estimate various components of inefficiency in the production and profit-generating processes. Flexibility in inefficiency-measurement techniques is introduced using stochastic fun ctional forms to overcome the restrictions of the simplifying assumptions used in previous studies. In addition, the profit function approach is used to measure firm specific inefficiency and to view profit inefficiency in the multiple output context. Empirical application of each approach is also attempted. Application of the measurement of the inefficiency component in the first two essays is made using data taken from Indian agricu lture. The multiple output model of the third essay is applied to data of the U. S. unit bank taken from the Functional Cost Analysis programme of the Federal Reserve banking system.
In the first essay, a quasi-translog production function is introduced and allocative, technical, and scale infficiencies are estimated for Indian agriculture with large and small farm divisions. Results obtained contradict earlier conclusions regarding the efficiency of Indian farms.
In the second essay, a Normalized Restricted Profit function is used to estimate allocative, scale, and profit inefficiency for the same set of farms. Empirical results confirm the conclusions of the first essay. Technical inefficiency cannot be isolated in this case, because the impact of technical inefficiency is confounded in the measure of profit inefficiency.
In the third essay, a translog profit function is used to estimate profit and allocative inefficiency in U. S. banking operations.
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Nepraš, Ondřej. "Aplikace Lean Production". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229974.
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This master’s thesis deals with analysis and follow-up suggestion of efficiency improvement on the production line in RACIO s.r.o. First part of thesis is dealing with theoretical preparation and understanding lean production. Second part is dealing with analyzing production process and application of methods lean production. According to the production process analysis at the given production line a new solution of the production process has been suggested to increase production efficiency. This solution has been implemented and compared to the production process before, as well as to the production process after increasing the efficiency.
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Muller, Alexandre Iung Benoît. "Contribution à la maintenance prévisionnelle des systèmes de production par la formalisation d'un processus de pronostic". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2005_0015_MULLER.pdf.
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Andersson, Gunnar. "The Assembly of Lean Production : An Analysis of Doing Production Improvements". Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13280.
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This thesis is an analysis of the assembly of the zero-defects project at Glomma Papp AS, a company on manufacture of paper, corrugated board, solid board and display, in Sarpsborg Norway. The zero-defects project was a local production improvement project based on approaches, tools and methods known as Lean. The project is seen as an actor-network, which means that its reality, and the understandings and practices of it, are effects of the web of people, structures, technologies and others who relate to it. The analysis is thus an exploration of the networks of relations, how these relations assemble or not, and the effects of these networks. The goal of the zero-defects project was to contribute to a zero-defects practice based on mutual learning processes and broad participation. Accordingly three objectives were defined early in the process: All products leaving the factory shall be without faults (we shall discover the faults ourselves) Customer satisfaction shall be 100% (because of increased quality) A faultless production (because of increased quality) shall contribute to increased productivity in the factory The theoretical contributions in this thesis draw on the perspectives on the construction of facts and assembly of technologies and practices found in the works of Bruno Latour, John Law, Michel Callon and others - part of what is known as Actor-Network Theory (ANT). The theoretical contributions also draw on the perspectives on theory and practice, as well as the approach to research and validity that are found in the works of Kurt Lewin, Einar Thorsrud, Eric Trist, John Heron and others - part of what is known as Action Research (AR). The thesis views the Lean’ish project as an effect of the network of relations, including both human and non-human actors. Together the people and materiality in the factory made up a web of relations that produced and assembled an understanding and a practice that became the Lean’ish project. The web of relations includes computer systems, hardware, literature, groups, conferences, people and structures. It is the people and materiality that comprise the Lean’ish project. Lean as a basis in the project is a precarious landscape. There have been many success stories associated with Lean, resulting in an almost mythical image of Lean. Different ideologies and different traditions all seem to have found a haven inside the box of Lean. Despite the differences in ideologies and legacies Lean is treated as one thing, a single entity, a black box. The descriptive but analytical approach is about opening up the black box of Lean and challenging the mythological image. That is, not to look at the end product or result of Lean alone, but to look at the processes leading up to the construction of something Lean’ish in the company. Lean this way becomes a way to do production embedded and entangled in the people and materiality of the company, and no longer a universal or homogenous method or approach. The analysis is based on three nodes (or actor-networks) part of the actor-network: The quality system, the project team and the four-color silkscreen printer. In the first node data from the case establish the adapted quality system as a hub connecting other actors in the assembly of the new way to do production. The adapted quality system embed the work of for example the project team and the literature chosen in the electronic documents and thus make the inscribed experts mobile as part of the system. This way the quality system turned procedures and schemes into emissaries bringing the experts into the daily practice and this way contributing to both strengthening and aligning the network. The data also reveal the strange relationship between resistance and support where one does not rule out the other. This is a relationship linked to the existence of alternative actor-networks turning both support and resistance to something beyond individual acceptance or rejection to include practices, structures and technologies. In the second node the data show how the project team contributed to hold the project together and make it sustainable, illustrated in the way the project became embedded and entangled in the people, structures and materiality of the factory. The data also introduce the duality in the growth of the project and the understanding of what it was all about. The analysis this way challenges Lean as something to implement and replace it with something that is part of the people, structures and materiality and that changes as these elements change. Finally the data show the paradox of how the significance and relevance of the project is inversely proportional with the coherence in the way we understand the project. The greater strength and legitimacy to take actions the more multiplicities present on what to do. In the third node the data establish the four-color silkscreen printer as an actor that interacts, shapes and is shaped by people and technologies in the factory. The printer also expands the network both in time and space, making elements located elsewhere and historical elements part of the assembly of the project in the factory. The reshaped printer also contributed legitimacy to the project by the increased quality of production with drastically reduced waste and thus greatly improved efficiency, value creation and work quality. The printer is no more a neutral actor but an actor that shapes and takes part in how the Lean project was assembled. The data also reveal the unpredictable and undeterministic part of the project making Lean a precarious venture in the factory. The interactive shaping and reshaping of technologies this way becomes important processes that are part of the assembly of the alliance making up the project. Opening up the Lean black box and thus the complexities, challenges our initial beliefs about Lean as a single entity for us to implement, contributes new understanding of a Lean’ish project in practice, and contributes new knowledge on how something Lean’ish is assembled. The challenge is highlighted in the way old dichotomies become part of the same space and multiplicities in the findings. The findings suggest that the Lean’ish project is anything but a singular product brought in from the outside. The Lean’ish project is made up of odd bits and parts, not as a product of a Lean philosophy, culture or methodology, but rather a heterogeneous and manifold group of actors creating a multifaceted being. The findings also introduce a set of processes. These processes are seen as effects of the network of actors and explain the way the odd bits and parts of the project assemble in this project. They are also precarious, un-deterministic and dynamic illustrated in the multiplicities, dualities and paradoxes introduced. The focus is shifted from the single event or action towards the interactions. It is not about if Kaizen is the best way to establish autonomous groups or if dialogue conferences contribute to increased participation. It is about building an awareness and sensitivity toward the complex ventures where Kaizen methodology and Dialogue conferences may be a part, but where the effects are results of the interaction of actors and not the single actor. The four processes identified in the findings are examples of how the relations assembled gave birth to the new practice and way of doing production in the factory. Opening up the black box also removes the mythological image of Lean. I will argue that the origin of the mythological image is in the lack of observations of Lean practices and the materiality. Without the practices and the materiality we are left with vague, non-contextual and mythological concepts linked to culture, philosophy and methods, isolated from the actors that created the practices and thinking we call Lean. My ambition with this thesis is to bring those people, structures and materiality back in, as parts of Lean, revealing a more material and less mysterious ways of doing production. The thesis challenges the search for simple structural explanations and replaces them with a case study on how relations assemble the project. This thesis represents a change in our approach to Lean; in the way we analyze, understand and practice it. It introduces a new set of tools and methods that treat the Lean project an effect of the network of relations. It opens the black box of Lean, remove the mystery and make visible processes and materiality in the assembly of Lean. It replaces the dichotomy of theory and practice and sees theory as embedded and extended in practices.
50
Jonsson, Henric. "Production Strategy in Project Based Production within a House-Building Context". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143262.
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A production strategy enables companies to effectively manage the different challenges that the production function face in a competitive environment. A production strategy helps a company to make operational and strategic decisions that follow a logical pattern and supports the corporate strategy and the competitive priorities of the company. When no strategy exists the decisions may be arbitrary and unpredictable leading to an under-achieving production system. Production strategy involves decisions that shape the long term capabilities of a producing company. For the traditional production industry there are a number of production strategy frameworks that facilitates the process of designing production systems. However, these frameworks typically leave project based production out of the scope or treat project based production as one type of production system, when in fact project based production systems can be multifaceted depending on product design and market requirements. This thesis focus on project based manufacturing in a house-building context. Houses can be produced by different types of production systems, and depending on how the production systems are designed they have strengths and weaknesses in different areas of competition. To be able to meet the increasing demand for residential houses, and improve performance in the house-building industry, the way houses are produced have to match different market requirements in a more effective and efficient way. To do this a production strategy has to exist. Typically there is a trade-off between productivity and flexibility, hence a production system designed to meet customer requirements concerning product design is probably not the best process choice if the customer thinks price and delivery time are the most important. A production strategy helps a company to make decisions so that the output of the production system meets customer requirements in the best possible way. Due to the fact that project based production is typically left out of the scope in traditional production strategy literature and that there is a lack of research concerning production strategy in a house-building context, the purpose of this research is: … to extend the production strategy body of knowledge concerning project based production in a house-building context. To fulfil the purpose the following four research questions are studied and answered: RQ1: What aspects can be useful in a classification matrix contrasting different production systems for house-building? RQ2: Which competitive priorities are important to measure when evaluating different production systems on a production strategy level in a house-building context, and how can they quantitatively be measured? RQ3: How does the characteristics of the production system, i.e. the process choice, affect information exchange in a house-building context? RQ4: How can a new production strategy be formulated and implemented in an industrialised house-building context and what challenges are important to consider in that process? To answer RQ1 a classification matrix was developed that classify production systems along two dimensions: a product dimension (degree of product standardisation) and a process dimension (degree of off-site assembly). The two dimensions are related, for example a high degree of standardisation should be matched with a high degree of off-site assembly and consequently a low degree of product standardisation should be matched with a low degree of off-suite assembly. A mismatch, e.g. high degree of off-site assembly and low degree of standardisation, typically leads to poor performance and should hence be avoided. To be able to see how different types of production systems perform in different areas of competition key performance indicators (KPIs) were developed. The KPIs presented in this research can be used to measure quality, delivery (speed and dependability), cost (level and dependability), and flexibility (volume and mix) at a production strategic level (RQ2). Furthermore, to answer RQ3, a production strategy perspective was taken on information exchange by relating information exchange to the design of the production system. The results indicate that employing different types of production systems leads to different approaches to information exchange. Employing a production systems using traditional production methods on-site and a low degree of product standardisation lead to a traditional approach to information exchange, e.g. project meetings, telephone and mail. Production systems employing some degree of off-site assembly have less complex and more stable supply chains and use ICT-solutions to a higher extent, which facilitates information exchange. The findings also indicate that a high degree of product standardisation facilitates the use of ICT-solutions such as ERP and BIM. RQ4 concerns the production strategy process, i.e. formulation and implementation. Failure in this processes can jeopardise the whole business. Based on a longitudinal case study of an industrialised house-builder a suggested production strategy process was developed, including both production strategy formulation and implementation. The study also identified context specific challenges that have to be considered in an industrialised house-building context, e.g. the complexity that comes with using two different production processes (off-site and on-site) in the same production system. The research is case based and a total number of eight different production systems have been studied. Data has been collected through interviews, observations, and review of company documents.