Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Procédés laser"
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Desrus, Helene. "Étude expérimentale de procédés de bioimpression assistés par laser femtoseconde". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0029/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis manuscript deals with the experimental study of two bioprinting processes assisted by femtosecond laser at a wavelength of 1030 nm. Indeed, femtosecond lasers are an interesting choice for bioprinting: the high versatility of materials which can be deposited and the negligible heat affected zone are advantages to print complex biological structures without compromising viability and functionality of the transferred biological materials. Firstly, femtosecond laser assisted bioprinting with a metallic absorbing layer was studied on a bioprinter adapted for cell printing (MODULAB®). An experimental study was conducted, observing the laser induced jet of liquid with a time-resolved imaging system (TRI) and printing on receiver substrates (cell culture well plate). The bioink rheology, some laser parameters, and the laser focus position were changed during the experiments. Cell viability assays after the printing enabled to identify an optimal energy of 3 μJ. The study of the laser focus position variation allowed predicting the tolerance range of the laser focus position: for 3.5 μJ and an equivalent numerical aperture (NA) of 0.125, the maximum tolerance in the “z” direction was of 60 μm in order to print. Secondly, femtosecond laser assisted bioprinting without an absorbing layer was studied on an experimental set-up comprising a reservoir of bioink. Some key operating parameters were studied (focalization position, NA of the focalization objective, printed drop diameter, printing jet height by TRI, maximum transfer distance for printing). The printing was reproducible for a printing distance from 75 % hmax to 100 % hmax, with hmax corresponding to the maximum printing jet height for a given experimental condition. Using the reservoir of bioink enabled to find a tolerant focalization position z: Δz was calculated (Zernike polynomial and the spherical aberration) and measured. Experimentally, Δz ranged from 0 to 60 μm depending on the bioink and the NA. It was maximal at NA 0.4. This tolerance is high compared to the depth of field in the air (4 μm at NA 0.4) but low compared to the tolerance of the receiver substrate position which can vary to 25 % hmax according to the reproducibility range
Kovaleva, Irina. "Simulation numérique des procédés de fabrication additive: projection laser et fusion laser sélective". Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENISE031.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is devoted to development of mathematical modeling methods of laser interaction with materials and porous media, used in the additive technologies for the production of volume products. The process of laser cladding suffers from faults and defects of parts and coatings obtained such as cracks, exudations, residual stresses and etc. Currently, the general theory of this process does not exist. A large number of parameters affect the laser cladding such as laser parameters (power, beam diameter, scanning speed, etc. ), parameters of powder and gas flow. Therefore, experimental investigations of optimum technological modes become the complex problem. The relevance of this work is the need to perform calculations and predictions of rational modes of laser treatment, due to the increasing quality requirements of manufactured parts and technological processes optimization. We investigated in details the parameters of the gas stream and the powder for different coaxial nozzles. The parameters of powder jet essentially depends on the geometrical configuration and the size of output nozzle channels and also the composition of the powder, its dispersion and features of particles interaction with the walls of nozzle. We developed a physical-mathematical model of acceleration of powder particles in the light field of a permanent laser radiation in the conditions of laser cladding owing to the force caused by the reaction of the material–vapor recoil from the beamed part of the particle. We proposed a calculation method of random packing of polydisperse spherical particles which allows, taking into account the weight force and adhesive force between the particles in contact, to obtain the internal structure of loose powder layer close to the real. Discrete model is developed to describe the processes of heat and mass transfer in loose powder layer, which is applicable in the conditions of local laser irradiation in selective laser melting and selective laser sintering. Physico-mathematical models proposed in this work and results of calculations are new and have a practical relevance. The reliability of spent researches is consistent qualitatively with experimental data
Lescuras, Valérie. "Exemples d'utilisation de sources laser dans les procédés électrochimiques". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL099N.
Texto completo da fonteGuillermin, Matthieu. "Etude du panache d'ablation laser femtoseconde : contrôle et optimisation des procédés". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00395196.
Texto completo da fonteHélie, David. "Développement de procédés de micro-usinage de matériaux optiques au laser femtoseconde". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25446.
Texto completo da fonteWithin the research described in this thesis, femtosecond (fs) laser pulses are utilized as a surgical tool to join optical materials. When these sub 100 fs pulses are transmitted through a first material (typically glass) and focussed at the interface between the first and second materials, the nonlinear ionization of matter will generate a weld localized solely inside the irradiated region without thermally affecting its surroundings. The second material may be of identical or different composition to that of the first, either transparent or opaque. The joining surfaces must be put in optical contact beforehand, so we used the direct bonding technique to eliminate any pending gap between them. This technique consists in using materials with very flat polished surfaces so as to induce optical contact ideally throughout the whole area between the bonding surfaces. The materials will thus be prebonded by Van der Waals forces prior to welding. It is customary to reinforce the direct bond by thermal annealing, which is however unpractical for dissimilar material combinations since the uneven thermal dilatation will lift-off the optical contact. We propose the use of fs laser welding as an alternative to thermal annealing to reinforce such assemblies. Since no macroscopic heating is induced, this technique is applicable to both similar and dissimilar material combinations. Reinforcement is produced by the inscription of multiple weld lines at the periphery of the direct bonded area in a closed shape pattern. The region sealed by the weld seams defines an optical transmission window where the optical transparency of the assembly is maintained. The weld lines at the periphery protect this window against lift-off of optical contact initiated by mechanical and/or thermal constraints. This process was adapted to two specific applications which greatly profit from the aforementioned benefits. Firstly, a microscopic endcap made of glass was welded to the polished tip of regular and microstructured optical fibers. Subsequently, a crystal disc acting as a laser medium was joined to a semi-conductor heat sink. These applications demonstrate the great versatility and miniaturisation potential of the novel joining process developed during this doctorate, which combines fs laser welding and direct bonding.
Doualle, Thomas. "Stabilisation de dommages laser et de défauts sur composants optiques de silice par procédés laser CO2". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDM0010/document.
Texto completo da fonteOne limitation of the operation of large power lasers chains such as Laser MegaJoule, is the issue of laser damage of optical components. Different physical phenomena which depend on both the properties of materials, their conditions of manufacture / preparation and laser irradiation parameters can lead to damage initiation on the surface or in the volume, which will grow under successive irradiation. This effect limits the output power, affects the lifetime of the optical components and the maintenance cost of the laser. It can also cause serious safety problems. To address this issue and increase the lifetime of fused silica components, a laser process called "stabilization" is studied in this thesis, the aim being to treat the damage sites to stop their growth under repeated pulses for recycling damaged optics. This process consists of melting, followed by local evaporation by localized energy deposition by a CO2 laser beam of the damage site. We focused particularly on the stabilization of silica components by a micromachining process using a CO2 laser in order to treat millimeter size damages. This technique is based on fast micro-ablation of the silica during which the laser beam is scanned on the component surface to form an adjustable form of crater (typically conical) including the damaged site. A bench of experiments has been set up at the Fresnel Institute to develop and study this process. Various numerical and experimental works were also conducted to validate and optimize the technique. Our work has shown the efficiency of this micro-machining process by CO2 laser to stop the growth of damage to several hundred microns wide and deep. To achieve this goal we relied on modeling of physical phenomena involved in stabilization experiments using the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. First, the thermal model developed in this thesis is used to calculate the temperature distribution in the material during laser irradiation with or without movement of the beam. Combined with a thermodynamic approach, these thermal simulations can describe the transformation of silica during irradiation and predict the morphology of craters formed in the glass. Secondly, the mechanical part of the model can simulate the position and value of residual stress generated in the material around the crater after the temperature rise followed by rapid cooling. Other experiments on the treatment of fractures related to polishing on silica surfaces, or manufacturing defects on silica gratings are covered in this manuscript
Bourdon, Hélène. "Développement et caractérisation de nouveaux procédés de dopage pour les technologies imageurs avancées". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13222.
Texto completo da fonteConcerning imager technologies development, specific doping processes at photo-sensitive junctions have been studied. The thesis can be separated in three main research axes. First of all, photodiode architecture has been optimized through localized boron implantations to improve dark current level or electrico-optical pixels separation. Then metal contamination impact on white pixels number inside pixels matrix has been studied. A classification of relative dangerousness of the typical microelectronic metallic contaminants is established. The dangerousness is linked to the diffusion length properties. The less the impurity diffuses, the more the white pixels number increases. These slow diffusers are not diluted into the whole bulk or trap at the wafer backside gettering centres. Moreover, an in-line contamination detection method has been proposed by the use of photoluminescence at room temperature. Finally the last study is focused on the realisation of advanced image sensor architecture, mainly the backside illumination one. The problematic deals with low thermal budget anneal of a doped area. We have demonstrated that the best solution is the use of a pulsed UV laser anneal. The anneal in melt mode is appropriated if there is no thick oxide on top of the stack. The anneal in sub-melt mode can be use at any case but it is necessary to perform multiple shots to have sufficient crystalline quality and boron activation
Groc, Michel. "Optimisation et conduite de procédés sous haut flux d'énergie : soudage laser". Perpignan, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PERP0341.
Texto completo da fonteDyshlovenko, Svetlana. "Modélisation des procédés de projection plasma et de traitement laser d'hydroxyapatite". Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/17ddf24c-7140-4be9-a904-e1d428d04d4f.
Texto completo da fonteGery, Guillaume. "Procédés d'implantation moléculaire laser : implantation et réactivité de fluorophores dans des poly(méthacrylates) d'alkyles par irradiation laser à excimère XeF". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL062N.
Texto completo da fonteRollin, Edouard. "Développement de l’analyse élémentaire directe pour le contrôle de procédés d'élaboration de matériaux nucléaires". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK085.
Texto completo da fonteIn order to optimize the quality control processes of uranium and plutonium metals from nuclear industry production lines, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) appears as an efficient technique: it enables multi-element, fast and remote chemical analysis that require no sample preparation. Thus, the purpose of our work is to develop this technique towards the quantification of metal impurities in nuclear materials, with an analytical development achieved from surrogate materials. It follows another PhD thesis where a particular spectral band, Vacuum UltraViolet, has been chosen for its performance regarding the detection of several light elements in such materials. However, after performing analysis of depleted uranium samples, our work shows that the UV-visible band is more suitable for the detection of metal impurities. Then, the possibility of transferring the calibration from one material to another has been studied. To achieve this, the analytical signal has been normalized using three parameters: the laser-ablated mass, the plasma temperature and its electronic density. A standardized method, based on the deposit of an electrolyte on the sample surface, has been developed in order to measure these parameters with as less biases as possible in several different materials. These measurements enabled us to implement the calibration transfer in several of them, with performances similar to a calibration obtained from a single material
Paviet-Salomon, Bertrand. "Procédés de dopage et de recuit laser pour la réalisation de cellules photovoltaïques au silicium cristallin". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969033.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Harzic Ronan. "Etude des procédés laser femtoseconde pour le micro-usinage à effets thermiques limités". Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET4007.
Texto completo da fonteThe studies presented in this thesis underline the real potential of femtosecond lasers for micromachining applications and insist on the control and use of the amplified laser chains. The experimental devices for the control of micromachining require the control of many parameters, as mechanical, data-processing or optical. Various techniques of machining were worked out to increase the quality of machining and drilling and systematic studies were undertaken in the case of metals including fluence and repetition rate dependence. A comparison of the heating effects on the edges of holes drilled in femtosecond and nanosecond regime was performed with an experimental approach (TTM measurements) and with a modelization. This was based on the use of a 2 temperatures model. Finally complementary results, in particular on silicon micromachining and tests of wave guide photowritting illustrate the wide applicability field of the ultra-short laser pulses
Poulain, Gilles. "Procédés laser pour la réalisation de cellules photovoltaïques en silicium à haut rendement". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932583.
Texto completo da fontePoulain, Gilles. "Procédés laser pour la réalisation de cellules photovoltaïques en silicium à haut rendement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0099.
Texto completo da fonteSilicon solar cells still require cost reduction and improved efficiency to become more competitive. New architectures can provide a significant increase in efficiency, but today most of the approaches need additional fabrication steps. In this context, laser processing offers a unique way to replace technological steps like photolithography that is not compatible with the requirements of the photovoltaic industry. This PhD thesis will present two promising laser processes for silicon solar cells: selective laser doping and selective laser ablation. Laser-assisted diffusion of dopants is a promising way to produce at low cost advanced silicon solar cells with high efficiency. Indeed, selective emitters, which rely on high dopant concentration localized under the front electrical contacts are an effective way to reduce power losses at the front surface of silicon solar cells. Several laser-based techniques are competing to optimise the emitter geometry. One of the main approaches is to take advantage of the doping glass (usually P2O5 for p-type silicon solar cells) that is formed during the standard diffusion process. Selective laser ablation is an effective way to open the antireflection layer (SiNx) in order to perform alternative front side metallization. Indeed, in the industrial production of standard silicon solar cells, the front side metallization is made by screen printing of metal paste. This process scheme is very cost efficient but it leads to serious limitations of the solar cell efficiency. Electrochemical metallization avoids these issues but requires a selective opening of SiNx, which is usually done by photolithography. Direct laser ablation allows to consider this approach at an industrial level. These processes are presented illustrated by research conducted during this PhD at INL in laser technologies for photovoltaics. An innovative and potentially self-aligned process is also discussed, where the laser is used to open locally the antireflection and passivation coating, and at the same time, achieve local phosphorus diffusion. Moreover solar cells results above 18% have been obtained thanks to a selective emitter structure achieved with selective laser doping
Magallón, Cacho Lorena. "Développement des procédés "verts" pour modifier la surface d'ABS avant sa métallisation". Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECDL0030/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe ABS is a copolymer formed by Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene used in industry whose surface can be coated with a metallic deposit. The traditional process for depositing metallic films in an auto-catalytic way is know as “Electroless”, However, this process uses a sulfo-chromic mixture in the preliminary stage of the surface treatment containing Cr (VI) which is a toxic, polluting agent that needs to be replaced. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new surface modification procedures with a lower environmental impact. Three new techniques for ABS surface modification have been developed in this study. The first two allow a general surface modification and the third one a specific surface modification. The first method, using a dry system, is based on alternating a corona discharge with ultraviolet radiation and is called the “Optophysique Treatment”. The second method involves the application of the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles in a suspension on the polymer surface under ultraviolet radiation and is called “Photocatalytic Treatment”. The third method allows a selective modification using thermal laser ablation which is accomplished with the ABS sensibilization with palladium and silver particles and is called “Optothermal Treatment”. After the “Optophysique” or “Photocatalytic” treatments, the substrates were treated either by the ¨Electroless¨ method or by the “Dynamic Chemical Deposit” method. Unlike the “Electroless” method, the “DCP” method does not need a preliminary step to activate the surface sites with palladium ions. The final metallic coating is accomplished by a conventional electrolytic method. The pre-treated surfaces were analyzed by Contact Angle Measurements and with the spectroscopy techniques FT-IR and XPS. The presence of surface changes was evaluated by Potential Measurement and Photocarrier Radiometry. The surface morphology was observed and measured by the following techniques: SEM, AFM, and AFAM. The surface roughness analysis was performed by Mechanical Sensors, Optical Interference and AFM. The adherence of the metallic deposits was measured by the Cross Cut Tape test (ASTM D-3359), and the Pull Off test (ASTM D4541-02) and the Peel Off test (ASTM B533 A). The deposits with greater adhesion were obtained with the “Optophysique” treatment using a pre-coating done by “DCP”. The adherence values obtained were higher than those for deposits obtained by the traditional “Electroless” process. The Optothermal treatment allowed the selective etching on the ABS surface using low power lasers
El ABS es un copolímero formado por Acrilonitrilo-Butadieno-Estireno utilizado industrialmente, cuya superficie puede ser metalizada mediante un depósito metálico. El proceso tradicional para depositar películas metálicas de manera autocatalítica es conocido como “Electroless”. Sin embargo, este proceso utiliza una mezcla sulfocrómica en la etapa de tratamiento preliminar de la superficie, conteniendo Cr (VI), contaminante tóxico que debe ser sustituido. Por lo tanto, es primordial desarrollar nuevos procedimientos de modificación superficial de bajo impacto ambiental. En este trabajo de tesis, se han desarrollado tres nuevas técnicas de modificación de la superficie del ABS. Los dos primeros permiten una modificación general de la superficie y la tercera una modificación específica. El primer método, realizado por vía seca, consiste en la aplicación en alternancia de descargas corona y radiación ultravioleta, este método es llamado “Tratamiento Optofísico”. El segundo método llamado “Tratamiento Fotocatalítico” corresponde a la aplicación de propiedades fotocatalíticas de nanopartículas de TiO2 (30 nm) en suspensión sobre la superficie del polímero y sometidas a una irradiación ultravioleta. El tercer método es llamado “Tratamiento Optotérmico” permite una modificación selectiva y es realizado por “ablación térmica láser” a partir de una sensibilización de partículas de Paladio y Plata. Posterior al tratamiento “Optofísico” o “Fotocatalítico”, los sustratos fueron pre-metalizados ya sea por el método “Electroless”, o por el método de “Depósito Químico Dinámico” (DCP). A diferencia del método “Electroless”, el método “DCP” no necesita de una etapa anterior a la activación de sitios superficiales con iones de Paladio. El depósito metálico final es realizado por vía electrolítica convencional. Las superficies pre-tratadas fueron analizadas por Medición de Ángulo de Contacto y con las técnicas espectroscópicas FT-IR y XPS. Se evaluó la presencia de cargas superficiales por la medición de potencial y radiometría de fotoportadores. La morfología de las superficies fue observada y medida por las técnicas de SEM, AFM y AFAM. Los análisis de rugosidad se hicieron por Sensores Mecánicos, por Interferencia Óptica y por AFM. La adherencia de los depósitos metálicos fue medida por el método de Cinta de Corte Cruzado (ASTM D-3359), la prueba Pull Off (ASTM D4541-02) y Peel Off (ASTM B533 A). Los depósitos de mayor adherencia fueron obtenidos con el tratamiento “Optofísico” y con un pre-metalizado realizado con “DCP”. Los valores de adherencia obtenidos son superiores al de los depósitos obtenidos por el proceso tradicional “Electroless”. El tratamiento Optotérmico permitió realizar un grabado selectivo sobre la superficie del ABS usando láseres de bajas potencias
Texier, Anne-Claire. "Procédés d'adsorption d'ions métalliques en solution aqueuse sur pseudomonas aeruginosa". Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2322.
Texto completo da fonteSierra, Guillaume. "Etude métallurgique et mécanique de l'assemblage hétérogène acier/aluminium par les procédés laser et TIG". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20228.
Texto completo da fonteMagallon, Cacho Lorena. "Développement des procédés "verts" pour modifier la surface d'ABS avant sa métallisation". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564498.
Texto completo da fontePavlov, Mikhail. "Application des dispositifs de diagnostic optique multi-spectraux dans les procédés de fabrication additive : fusion sélective par laser et projection laser coaxiale". Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENISE007.
Texto completo da fonteThe manuscript contains four chapters including a general introduction presenting the optical diagnostics, followed by a chapter on the application of the selective laser melting and two chapters on a process of laser cladding. Chapter 1 is an introduction to optical diagnostics tools designed to measure the temperature of an object without physical contact. The importance of the choice of the spectral band as a function of temperature is also highlighted. Chapter 2 describes the study the process of selective laser melting. The first part concerns the description of the selective laser melting machine used. On this machine various optical elements have been added for visualization of powder layering process and the molten pool coaxially with the laser beam. Chapter 3 describes the study of laser cladding of titanium carbide and steel powders. This chapter begins with a bibliographical part. Thermal imaging camera (3-5 micron band) and a multi-wavelength pyrometer (1-1. 27 microns) were applied to monitor the zone of laser action. The effects of various operating parameters on the temperature profiles (true and brightness) were examined in detail. The fourth chapter describes the laser cladding on a substrate TA6V with powder of the same composition. A thermal imaging camera (3-5 microns) was applied to obtain the temperature distributions in the laser action zone
Biver, Emeric. "Etude et mise en oeuvre des procédés lasers pour le développement de la microélectronique 3D-System in Package". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4025/document.
Texto completo da fonte3D-System in package (3D-SiP) is a branch of microelectronics that aims at integrating several heterogeneous components into the same package, thus forming a compact device able to communicate and process data. The goal of this thesis is to study two laser processes to build 3D-SiP microsystems on flexible substrates. In a first part, we study the laser ablation of cavities in polymer in which microchips can be inserted. We use poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) doped and grafted with pyrene, a chromophore which absorbs in the UV range. We show that grafting the pyrene on the polymer side-chains increases the homogeneity but that the quality of ablation is sufficient when the pyrene is simply dispersed in the matrix. We also modify the PMMA with N3 to make it cross-linkable and we observe the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures upon laser irradiation. We discuss the mechanism most likely to explain their formation. On a second part, we use the LIFT (laser-induced forward transfer) technique, which uses a laser pulse to print a material deposited on a transparent donnor substrate. Using a silver nanoparticles ink, we deposit droplets that coalesce and form lines. We study the ejection and printing at high speed (0,5 MHz) and we visualize for the first time the ejection of several succesive jets. We show that it is possible to print electrical connections at 4.3 m/s and we discuss the criteria to control the process
Alban, Bruno. "Contribution à l'étude de procédés d'émulsification directs en cuve agitée pour la réalisation d'émulsions concentrées". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT009G.
Texto completo da fonteYadroitsau, Ihar. "Direct manufacturing of 3D objects by selective laser melting of metal powders". Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STET4006.
Texto completo da fonteL'objectif principal de la thèse de doctorat présentée dans ce mémoire est l'étude de l'interaction d'un faisceau laser de puissance avec des poudres métalliques. Le sujet est d'un grand intérêt scientifique par sa multidisciplinarité intégrant la métallurgie de poudres, la physique thermique, le transfert de chaleur et radiatif, la transformation de phases. En même temps, le sujet a une signification pratique considérable car la Fabrication Directe par fusion laser sélective des poudres (SLM) est une technologie émergente de fabrication d'objets 3D avec une grande valeur ajoutée et de pièces fonctionnelles complexes sur mesure. Une étude systématique a été réalisée sur les poudres actuellement utilisées dans la Fabrication Directe assistée par laser : Inox 316L (-25 µm), acier d'outillage H13 (-25 µm), Inconel 718 (-25 µm), CuNi10 (-25 µm), Ti grade 2 (-25 µm) et NiTi (-45 µm) ; Inox 904L (-16 µm et -7 µm), Inconel 625 (-16 µm), Co212F (CoCr, -31 µm). A partir de ces poudres, des objets plats 2D, des modèles 3D et des pièces fonctionnelles ont été fabriqués. Des recherches expérimentales approfondies sur l'interaction laser/matière sont effectuées, plus particulièrement sur l'interaction d'un faisceau laser de haute puissance mobile (0. 3-1. 3x106 W/cm²) avec un système complexe de poudres métalliques sur substrat métallique solide. Les stratégies de fabrication permettant d'obtenir la densité 100% de pièces résultantes sont identifiées. Les paramètres optimaux pour assurer la stabilité du procédé SLM sont définis
Tricot, Sylvain. "Comparaison des procédés d'ablation par faisceau laser et par faisceau d'électrons pour la croissance de couches minces". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345595.
Texto completo da fontePriol, Laurent. "Etude des jets électrilisés : application aux procédés électriques de déstabilisation des jets de gasoil à grandes vitesses". Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2277.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis we propose to study theoretically and in experiments the behavior of an electrified jet, cylindrical or plane, in regim of atomization. In a first part, we study the linear stability of a viscous cylindrical jet at high velocity in the presence of electric charges. Thanks to a temporal analysis, treated numerically, we present the theoretical influence of various parameters on the stability of the jet. We find the results known on the no electrified jets and we supplement by specific results on the electric aspect, results which show the destabilizing influence of the electric charges on the surface of the jet. This theoretical and numerical study is resumed in a second part in the case of a viscous liquid sheet. The analysis of the numerical results shows the same tendency, i. E. A destabilizing influence of the electric charges. The third part is devoted to an experimental study on the atomization of an electrified diesel oil jet and on the electroconvection in the diesel oil (put moving by electric field of a dielectric liquid initially at rest). In the first experiment, the measurements of laser granulometry allowed to check the aspect overall destabilizing of the electric process with a measurement of the decrease of the mean size of the spray droplets in the presence of electric charges. In the second experiment we measure by LDV, in a cell of electroconvection, the velocity acquired by a dielectric liquid subjected to the action of an electric field. The velocities obtained (about 10 cm/s) show that the process of electrification of the liquid used in the injectors has a double effect: the electric effect due to the presence of electric charges on the surface of the jet and also a mechanical effect in the injector (electroconvection in the injector) which certainly acts on the stability of the jet. In conclusion we studied in this thesis an electrohydrodynamic process for better controlling the injection in the terrestrial and aeronautical engines
Landon, Sébastien. "Micro- et nano-usinage par laser à impulsions ultracourtes : amélioration de procédés par des méthodes tout optique". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719223.
Texto completo da fonteAveryanova, Maria. "Fusion laser de poudres métalliques : Maîtrise du procédé pour la fabrication directe de pièces mécaniques". Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENISE002.
Texto completo da fonteThe study conducted in the frame of this thesis focuses on mastering of the process of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) throughout the production line: from the selection of the initial metal powder till the final control of properties (mechanical, microstructure, etc. . ). Selective Laser Melting is a complex innovative manufacturing process that requires multidisciplinary knowledge in the field of Powder Metallurgy, Process Engineering, Mechanics, Optics / Photonics, etc. From a scientific point of view, it is therefore necessary to adjust and optimize a large number of input process parameters, such as characteristics of the powder material, the machine parameters, etc. , to target a set of output parameters, to identify the influence of these input parameters and to rank them. Firstly, the influence of the nature of the powder (for 2 families of materials: 17-4 PH martensitic stainless steel and Co-Cr alloy) and its properties on the SLM process and final parts quality has been studied. Applying a material with complex metallurgy, stainless steel 17-4PH, the impact of powder key chemical elements on the properties and microstructure of the final 3D part manufactured by SLM was shown. The powder properties that encourage the manufacture of dense parts were found and formulated. Secondly, according to the inherent difficulty of many parameters affecting the process, a parametric search based on the use of methods of design of experiments was performed. A link between the geometry of the weld track and function issued from the physical parameters of the process, compared to operating parameters, was identified. Thus, a stability criterion of the weld track has been proposed. It lets us to determine quickly the optimal process parameters window, and in the case of the objective function chosen in this work, namely a maximum density, it can make 3D objects with a porosity rate below 1%. The values of mechanical properties of tensile specimens of 17-4 PH powder manufactured by SLM are the same order of magnitude as the wrought material 17-4 PH elaborated by conventional methods. Finally, it was shown that using an appropriate heat treatment the microstructure can be homogenized and mechanical properties can be improved. This work led ultimately to complete the industrialization of SLM process in two specific cases: the manufacture of dental bridges and of extrusion dies
Beaubier, Benoit. "Étude physique et modélisation numérique de procédés d'assemblage par soudo-brasage de sous-ensembles en carrosserie automobile". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066060/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis study is about the impact of thermo-mechanical assembly processes of metal sheets, in the automotive industry context. The aim is to predict thermally induced deformations by using a numerical tool. We are particularly interested in Plasmatron and laser brazing processes that are used to assemble an automotive roof and the body side of the vehicle. Parts are made from 0,67 mm thickness XES thin metal sheet of about one meter length. To validate such complex non-linear numerical simulations with experimental observations, it is necessary to develop well-controlled and highly instrumented tests. In a first step, experimental welding brazing tests are carried out in order to identify validity domains, heat source model and thermal coefficients of exchange. In a second step, high temperature tension tests are performed to identify the behaviour of each material. These tests are instrumented with a new DIC protocol in order to measure displacement fields from 20°C to 1000°C. Finally, in order to validate the thermo-mechanical simulation, in-situ 3D Digital Image Correlation (stereo-correlation) measurements were performed during the welding-brazing assembly. For this purpose and due to the geometry of the involved parts, a new calibration method, based on the CAD part geometry has been developed
Balage, Pierre. "Etude de l’interaction des matériaux à gap avec des lasers femtosecondes en mode rafale GHz". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0164.
Texto completo da fonteOver the past two decades, femtosecond laser technology has become significantly more reliable which has particularly enabled its integration into industry, as the brevity of such pulses allows for high-precision micromachining. However, the adoption of this technology in the industry remains hindered by a lack of productivity. Indeed, the production rate remains well below the ever-evolving industry targets. To address this limitation, several methods are being studied to increase the throughput by optimizing femtosecond laser processes. One approach relies on optimizing the energy deposition by using bursts of low-intensity femtosecond pulses rather than single high-intensity pulses.Recent studies have shown that using GHz-bursts can achieve ablation efficiencies far superior to those obtained with more conventional methods. However, these initial results have been quickly challenged by other studies reporting lower efficiency and the presence of machining defects. To reach a consensus on this new regime, comprehensive experimental studies are needed to add data to the current state of the art. To this end, process studies such as microdrilling experiments and cutting with a Bessel beam have been implemented using a 100 W Amplitude laser delivering GHz-bursts. Close collaboration with the company Amplitude has allowed for investigating numerous burst parameters and conducting comparative studies with existing regimes (single-pulse and MHz-bursts). Moreover, a pump-probe experiment has been set up revealing the laser-matter interaction mechanism in GHz-burst mode. Throughout this thesis work, excellent results have been obtained, demonstrating the unique capability of GHz-bursts for microprocessing materials like dielectrics and semiconductors
Petit, Boileau Sophie. "Préparation de surface du PET avant métallisation: étude et comparaison des procédés laser excimère et plasma hors-équilibre". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006156.
Texto completo da fonteFerdinand, Cyrille. "Mise en oeuvre et caractérisation d'assemblages soudés par procédés TIG et laser de tôles d'alliages de titane réfractaires". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7474/1/ferdinand1.pdf.
Texto completo da fontePetit-Boileau, Sophie. "Préparation de surface du PET avant métallisation : étude et comparaison des procédés laser excimère et plasma hors-équilibre". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066564.
Texto completo da fonteAutones, Lucas. "Élaboration d’aciers ODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) par fabrication additive laser et cold spray : compréhension des relations procédés - microstructures". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR004.
Texto completo da fonteODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) steels are materials that exhibit very good resistance to creep and swelling under irradiation. These properties make them good candidates for cladding materials in Generation IV reactors, or for structural materials in thermonuclear fusion reactors. The dispersion of the nano-oxides, which reinforce the material, is obtained by powder metallurgy. Mechanical-alloying of an atomized steel powder with an oxide powder (Y2O3) results in the oxide dissolution in the matrix. During hot consolidation (hot isostatic pression or hot extrusion), the precipitation of the nano-oxides takes place. Designs of component with these materials and their final geometry could be improved using additive manufacturing.Since the 2010s, recent developments in additive manufacturing technologies could enable to reduce lead times and costs, while increasing the geometric, hierarchical and functional complexity of parts. They pave the way to new freedom of design compared to conventional subtractive manufacturing processes.The objective of this thesis work was to assess the potentials of different additive manufacturing techniques (SLM, DMD, and Cold Spray) for ODS steels.Thus, three types of ODS powder (mechanically-alloyed, composite and STARS) were obtained to determine the most interesting powder-process combinations. The materials produced from these different combinations have been characterized at several scales. The amount of macroscopic defects (porosities, cracks) was analyzed in order to optimize the manufacturing parameters. Their granular microstructure was observed before and after annealing at 1100 °C by optical and electron microscopy (SEM, EBSD). The nano-precipitation was analyzed by SEM, TEM and by small angle X-rays scattering. An image analysis method combining high definition electron microscopy images and a machine learning software was implemented. Finally, the high temperature tensile properties of these different materials were evaluated and are in good agreement with their microstructural characteristics. The comparison of the whole characterization results enabled to select the relevant manufacturing paths.The results obtained indicate that laser additive manufacturing processes (SLM, DMD) lead to ODS steels with low performance, regardless the type of powder used. The yttrium content can greatly decrease after consolidation. It also forms fragile Y-rich coarse phases, and the density of the nano-precipitates population appears very low. These microstructural characteristics induce tensile properties equivalent to those of an unreinforced steel. Nevertheless, the composite powder elaboration method implemented in this work makes it very easy to adapt the nature and content of the reinforcements added to the base powder. Using TiC nano-particles, very fine microstructures composed of equiaxed grains were obtained. These unusual microstructures in laser additive manufacturing offer interesting prospects.ODS steels obtained by cold spray from a mechanically-alloyed powder have characteristics similar to conventional ODS steels. After annealing, these materials have a microstructure similar to the ODS steels obtained by HIP. However, the coarse grains take up a much larger fraction of the microstructure and attest to a more advanced recrystallization. The lower hardness and elastic limit of this material compared to its HIP equivalent confirm this result, which is very encouraging if further shaping should be aimed. The very high density of Y-Ti-O nano-oxides in the Cold Sprayed ODS steel enables to achieve a mechanical resistance at 700 °C which is 50 MPa higher than the HIPed ODS. However, this material exhibits a loss of ductility which will have to be resolved. The analyzes carried out enabled to suggest two mechanisms to explain this damage, which would be caused by the presence of microcracks and porosities in the part
Ushakov, Ilia. "Établissement des structures et propriétés mécaniques de l’alliage d’Inconel 625 dans les procédés d’élaboration additive à grande vitesse : arc fil, laser fil, laser poudre et hybride". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0147.
Texto completo da fonteThis work focuses on the establishment of microstructures and the characterization of the mechanical properties of Inconel 625 alloy produced as part of the PAM-PROD project aimed at producing large parts using high deposition rate additive manufacturing. Three deposition techniques are being studied: Arc/Wire, Laser/Wire and Laser/Powder, as well as a combination of Laser/Wire and Laser/Powder to produce a hybrid wall. Macrostructures and microstructures are characterized for each process. The Arc/Wire and Laser/Powder processes used lead to a mixed columnar - equiaxed macrostructure. The Laser/Wire process leads to predominantly columnar structures. Mechanisms for the formation of columnar/equiaxed structures and transitions are proposed. These mechanisms are then taken up and completed to interpret the formation of the transition zone in the case of a hybrid Laser Wire/Powder wall. The response to solution heat treatment and ageing is then presented by detailing and comparing the kinetics and mechanisms specific to each process. The tensile mechanical properties along 3 directions are then characterized and related to the structures. For all the processes, a high degree of reproducibility is obtained and none of the processes has a brittle character. The best properties were obtained with the Laser/Powder process, and the hybrid junction test showed that the transition zone was not a weak point in the structure
Nolhier, Nicolas. "Contrôle des procédés thermiques rapides appliqués à la microélectronique". Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0002.
Texto completo da fonteMezari, Rezak. "Etude du contrôle de procédé de projection laser pour la fabrication additive : Instrumentation, Identification et Commande". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0050/document.
Texto completo da fonteApplications using the direct metal deposition laser process have been expanded rapidly, particularly in aeronautics. However, this promising technology reported some difficult points and faced several problems, mainly the process instability. When these phenomena are not controlled, several defects was obtained (lack of mechanical strength, excessive porosity, poor surface, ... etc.). According to their distribution and size, non-conformity, deteriorate the mechanical characteristics of the parts was recorded and result in a significant cost of post-processing. Therefore, it is important to control the process, to make the process both robust and preserve the structural integrity of the piece. This requires the development of instrumentation through the control process, in order to have a real-time system able to adjust the process parameters to keep a high quality of the manufactured part. In this perspective, the studied thesis developed a technological solution (hardware and algorithms) based on cameras (vision) to monitor key parameters during manufacture. The application of this vision system has been allowed for the implementation of innovative methods by using modern automatic tools to monitor the status of the built part or even correct their defects during the manufacture parts, having a monitoring and process control in real time. Furthermore this vision system performed measurements for the inputs and outputs of the process, matched to a dynamic model that lead to the realization of the process control system
Doutre, Florent. "Sources d'impulsions brèves basées sur des procédés de découpe non linéaires au sein d'une fibre optique : nouvelles sources déclenchées à cavités couplées". Phd thesis, Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e33cc738-1c73-49a3-bc51-cc0cfd98658c/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4055.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with the improvement of microchip laser pulses characteristics. On one hand, we exploit the fact that pulses injected in an optical fiber experiment both nonlinear polarisation rotation and Raman scattering. A dual spectrum and polarization filtering allows a temporal cut-off permitting a tunable shortening of their duration up to a factor 16 (from 600ps to 32ps). On the second hand, a double nested cavity source including a microchip laser is Q-switched by a hybrid active/passive process. This original configuration shows a timing jitter reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to a microchip laser on its own. These techniques allow the emission of pulses with short duration, high stability, low timing jitter from miniature low-cost sources, especially attractive for remote sensing applications like flow cytometry, LIDAR or CARS spectroscopy
Detalle, Vincent. "Analyse de l'homogénéité du combustible nucléaire MOX par Spectrométrie d'Emission optique sur Plasma Induit par Laser (SEPIL)". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10267.
Texto completo da fonteKanjer, Armand. "De l'efficacité des procédés SMAT et de choc laser dans l'amélioration de la tenue à l'oxydation haute température d'alliages de titane". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK003/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is to determine the influence of two mechanical surface treatments, the shot- peening performed with several type of balls (WC, alumina and glass) and the laser shock peening, on the high temperature oxidation resistance of two titanium alloys : alpha alloy with commercially purity (Grade 1) and aeronautical beta metastable alloy (TIMETAL-21S).After different treatments, the pieces are oxidized with different conditions: of time (between 5 hours to study the firsts times of oxidation and 3000 hours to compare with a classical aeronautical test), of temperature (600°C to 700°C) and atmosphere (dry air or oxygen).The pieces are analyzed before and after oxidation exposure with several mechanical (micro-hardness, strain measurements), chemicals (XRD, nuclear microprobe) and structural (EBSD, texture) techniques. The results show a large surface perturbation before the high temperature exposure in term of morphological, mechanical, structural and chemical point of view.This mechanical treatments lead up to an oxidation rate reduction for all the different titanium alloys. This treatments modified the diffusion rate of several elements (nitrogen, oxygen, molybdenum or aluminum) but also the microstructure (recrystallization, grain morphology or texturing) during high temperature exposure. Nitrogen element plays an important role in the observed phenomena.However, the determination of consequences after mechanical treatment on the titanium oxidation resistance is again difficult with the observations noted in this work. Actually, there is a simultaneous contributions of several factors: chemical, mechanical and structural
Bertrand, Philippe. "Contrôle et optimisation des procédés industriels hautes températures utilisant les faisceaux d'énergie concentrée (laser, plasma, faisceau d'électrons) par pyrométrie optique". Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2001PERP0683.
Texto completo da fonteBonamis, Guillaume. "Conception et réalisation d’une source laser femtoseconde GHz et applications au régime d’ablation très haute cadence". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0293.
Texto completo da fonteThese last two decades, femtosecond laser technology has gained considerably in terms of maturity and reliability. These laser pulses enable materials micro-machining with minimal thermal collateral effects, thus allowing to work with an outstanding precision, even on materials highly sensitive to temperature. Nevertheless, the penetration of femtosecond processing into the industrial manufacturing market is limited due to an insufficient productivity. The current strategies consist of optimizing the processes on the one hand and increasing the average power of these laser sources on the other hand. Another way suggests increasing the femtosecond ablation process efficiency by delivering bursts of low-energy pulses instead of one highly energetic pulse.Recent works showed that using bursts of pulses at repetition rates on the order of GHz allows to reach ablation rates one order of magnitude higher than the ones obtained by standard femtosecond pulse machining. Nevertheless, these promising results are controversial, as other works point out levels of efficiency lower than expected, added to collateral thermal damages on the machined materials. A thorough study of this new ablation regime is thus necessary to ensure that its interest is justified on the one hand, and to point out the optimal configurations of its use on the other hand. Several optical oscillators delivering bursts of femtosecond pulses at GHz-level repetition rates and laser amplifiers have been developed to this purpose. These innovating laser systems benefit from great flexibility in terms of reachable laser parameters (pulse repetition rate and energy, number of pulses per burst notably). This flexibility allowed us to perform a thorough study of the GHz-ablation regime by numerous machining experiments on several materials of industrial interest. This study points out the influence of the different laser parameters and thus to explain the variety of results related to GHz-ablation and to guide the use of this regime under favorable conditions to reach an efficient and high-quality machining
Durand, Thibaut. "Stratégies analytiques pour la caractérisation physico-chimique des particules ultrafines métalliques. Application aux aérosols ultrafins générés lors de procédés thermiques (fonderie, projection thermique)". Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3057/document.
Texto completo da fonteExpositions to nanoparticles (NPs) are known in industrial hygiene for a long time. Either from primary or secondary sources (industrial processes), these particles have specific properties which imply different toxicities compared to larger particles (micrometric) from the same material. Therefore NPs study requires adapted sampling and analytical technique development and more specifically methods allowing to access relevant information other than total dust mass. The latter seems not be sufficient for toxic effect assessment. Thus, this work has been conducted in order to dispose of analytical methods dedicated to NPs and especially on size-dependent particle chemical analysis. Then, the developed methods have been applied on samples collected either from industrial sites and/or processes (smelter, thermal projection), either from NP generation bench
Ait, Fqir Ali Fatima Zahra. "Développement et caractérisation de nouveaux procédés de passivation pour les capteurs d'images CMOS". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10186.
Texto completo da fonteIn order to maintain or enhance the electro-optical performances while decreasing the pixel size, advanced CMOS Image Sensors (CIS) requires the implementation of new architectures. For this purpose, deep trenches for pixel isolation (DTI) and backside illumination (BSI) have been introduced as ones of the most promising candidates. The major challenge of these architectures is the high dark current level (Idark) due to the generation/recombination centers present at both, DTI sidewalls and backside surfaces. Therefore, the creation of very shallow doped junctions at these surfaces reducing Idark and further crosstalk by drifting the photo-generated carriers to the photodiode region appears as key process step for introducing these architectures. For the backside surface passivation, a very shallow doped layer can be achieved by low-energy implantation followed by very short and localized heating provided by pulsed laser annealing (PLA). In the melt regime, box-shaped profiles with activation rates close to 100% and excellent crystalline quality have been achieved. The non-melt regime shows some potential, especially for multiple pulse conditions. In the optimal process conditions, very low level of Idark comparable to the standard reference has been achieved. In the other side, the passivation of DTI sidewalls has been performed by in-situ doped Epitaxy. Deposited layers with good uniformity and doping conformity all along the DTI cavity have been achieved. The electrical results show Idark values lower than the standard reference
Decup, Michaël. "Impact des procédés industriels de traitement sur les propriétés diélectriques des substrats d'Alumine utilisés dans les modules de commutation haute tension". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567179.
Texto completo da fonteOugouag, Omar. "Étude et réalisation d'un contrôleur, temps réel, des procédés de gravure de circuits intégrés à haute intégration". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112119.
Texto completo da fonteEsposito, Laura. "Mise en oeuvre de procédés innovants pour l'optimisation de contacts TiSi pour les technologies imageurs avancées". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/210319_ESPOSITO_505pj561fjb969hmp55qmrno_TH.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteIn image sensor devices, Ti silicides are used to establish contacts between transistors and copper interconnects. A new problematic emerges with the co-integration of Ti-based and Ni-based silicided contacts: the titanium silicide (C54-TiSi2) needs to be formed at a lower temperature than the conventional formation temperature (800°C). In order to reduce the temperature of silicide formation, the influence of nanosecond laser annealing on Ti silicide contact formation has been investigated in this PhD work. To do so, consecutive deposition of Ti and TiN films with thicknesses below 10 nm were carried out after a specific surface treatment. Annealing by UV nanosecond laser (UV-NLA) at different energy densities, different numbers of shots and followed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for various temperatures were performed. The different samples were characterized by several methods including: four-point probe measurements, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The main results obtained with the use of UV-NLA are the following: it enables the formation of an amorphous phase in the solid state and the formation of the metastable C40-TiSi2 phase becomes possible by melting the first nanometers of the substrate. By combining multiple laser shots and a subsequent RTA, the formation of the C54-TiSi2 phase at low temperature of 650 °C has been demonstrated. Studies carried out on doped and/or polycrystalline substrates, as well as on wafers with nanometric patterns indicate that, in the current state, the integration of UV- NLA into the industrial process is more complex than expected. Prospects for promoting the integration of UV-NLA are also discussed
Li, Chen. "Ultrafast laser-induced nanostructuring of metals in regular patterns". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES019/document.
Texto completo da fonteFemtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures (fs-LIPSS) attract the scientific and technical attention due to the ability to produce nanostructures below the optical wavelength. These are essential for surface engineering and treatment, notably in tribology, wettability, mechanics, marking and counterfeiting. Depending on the regime of laser interaction, particularly on the laser fluence, pulse number and material type, ultrashort pulses can induce the low- and high-spatial-frequency-LIPPS (LSFL and HSFL), with the orientation perpendicular (┴E) or parallel (║E) to the laser polarization. Considering their potential in the nano-manufacturing, this work focuses on potential mechanisms for LIPSS formation, especially HSFL formation on the metallic alloys. In order to investigate the transient optical indices of excited materials in fs-LIPSS formation, we first developed time-resolved ellipsometry to measure dynamic optical indices of excited materials. Thus we gain insights in the dynamics of the dielectric function where this is intrinsically related to the electronic configuration and lattice structure. First principle simulations are then used to reveal how the electronic configuration changes during the excitation, responsible for the transient optical indices. The effects of transient optical indices are considered in the LIPSS formation mechanisms. Based on the experiments of fs-LIPSS formations on six different materials, involving metal tungsten, semiconductor silicon, dielectric fused silica, single-crystal superalloy CMSX-4, amorphous alloy Zr-BMG and its corresponding crystal alloy Zr-CA, we investigate the LIPSS formation mechanisms in the electromagnetic domain by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, related to the electromagnetic energy distribution followed by the dynamics of optical excitation, evolving topologies with pulse number and materials.We focus on the electromagnetic origin of LIPSS formation and reveal a potential primary factor for LIPSS formation. LIPSS formation can be explained by deposited energy modulation on surface via electromagnetic effects. The energy modulation mainly comes from the interference between incident laser and scattered surface wave (for LSFL(┴E)), being complemented by the interference between scattered surface waves (for HSFL(┴E)). Specially, for HSFL (║E) on Zr-CA, we proposed that the formation scenarios rely on individual anisotropic field-enhancement processes. The evolving surface topology with laser pulse number leads to a feedback-driven energy modulation deposited on surface
Doutre, Florent. "Sources d'impulsions brèves basées sur des procédés de découpe non linéaires au sein d'une fibre optique ; nouvelles sources déclenchées à cavités couplées". Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682880.
Texto completo da fonteMolé, Christian. "Intérêts de procédés de nouvelles technologies en chirurgie expérimentale : Implémentations de données médicales en modélisation surfacique tridimensionnelle et en reconstruction plastique par stéréophotolithographie laser : applications en implantologie maxillo-mandibulaire". Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0380_MOLE.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteRevuz, Nicolas. "Étude de l'endommagement d'un superalliage monocristallin à base de nickel induit par microperçage laser milliseconde". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00589345.
Texto completo da fonteCe travail porte sur l'étude du perçage laser impulsionnel milliseconde qui chauffe le matériau irradié, le fond puis vaporise une couche superficielle de liquide. La pression résultant, dite pression de recul, est la force motrice du perçage. L'objectif de cette étude est de définir et caractériser l'endommagement subi par le matériau après perçage laser. Les phénomènes d'éjection de la matière sont modélisés par éléments finis par l'adaptation d'un code initialement développé pour le soudage laser. Ce modèle est comparé à des mesures expérimentales de vitesse d'éjection liquide, de pression de recul ainsi qu'à des observations micrographiques fines qui montrent une couche de matière resolidifiée dont la microstructure est différente de celle du superalliage. Aujourd'hui, les modèles numériques utilisés pour prédire la durée de vie des pièces perforées ne prennent en compte que la dimension des trous donc le gradient de contrainte résultant. Les essais de fatigue à haute température réalisés dans cette étude avec deux types de perçage laser (une source femtoseconde et une source milliseconde) permettent de mettre en évidence l'influence de la modification de la matière induite par le procédé de perçage sur le comportement mécanique d'éprouvettes percées. Une étude de la vitesse de fissuration combinée à l'étude des faciès de rupture permet de comprendre les phénomènes d'amorçage et de propagation de fissure courte. Elle montre que l'engouement actuel pour les sources lasers ultrarapides (c'est-à-dire pico/femtoseconde), qui ne modifie pas la microstructure du perçage de la même façon qu'un laser classique (milliseconde) n'est pas obligatoirement justifié pour ce type d'application.