Bibliografias temáticas / Priority diseases

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Priority diseases"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 22 de fevereiro de 2025

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Priority diseases"

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Kant, Lalit. "Diarrheal diseases research: Priority areas". Indian Journal of Pediatrics 59, n.º 6 (novembro de 1992): 655–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02859392.

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Friedrich, M. J. "WHO’s Blueprint List of Priority Diseases". JAMA 319, n.º 19 (15 de maio de 2018): 1973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.5712.

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Morris, Kelly. "UN raises priority of non-communicable diseases". Lancet 375, n.º 9729 (maio de 2010): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60855-0.

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Canning, David. "Priority setting and the ‘neglected’ tropical diseases". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 100, n.º 6 (junho de 2006): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.02.001.

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Yankauer, A. "Sexually transmitted diseases: a neglected public health priority." American Journal of Public Health 84, n.º 12 (dezembro de 1994): 1894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.84.12.1894.

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Budde, Willi. "Healthcare funding: Rare diseases, a priority? AIM's proposals". Pharmaceuticals, Policy and Law 11, n.º 4 (2009): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ppl-2009-0227.

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Kalaivani, A. "WHO R & D Priority Diseases: An Overview". Annals of SBV 7, n.º 2 (2018): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10085-7310.

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Marinaccio, Alessandro, Alessandra Binazzi, Michela Bonafede, Antonella Altimari, Roberto Boscioni, Marisa Corfiati, Marta Clemente e Adelina Brusco. "Occupational diseases in Italian national priority contaminated sites". American Journal of Industrial Medicine 61, n.º 7 (11 de junho de 2018): 582–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22866.

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Zarocostas, J. "Non-communicable diseases must have greater priority, says WHO". BMJ 339, jul14 1 (14 de julho de 2009): b2857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2857.

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The Lancet. "Making rare diseases a public-health and research priority". Lancet 371, n.º 9629 (junho de 2008): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60842-9.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Priority diseases"

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Wiss, Johanna. "Healthcare Priority Setting and Rare Diseases : What Matters When Reimbursing Orphan Drugs". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för hälso- och sjukvårdsanalys, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136820.

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The rarity of a disease can give rise to challenges that differ from conventional diseases. For example, rarity hampers research and development of new drugs, and patients with severe, rare diseases have limited access to qualified treatments. When drugs are available, clinical evidence has higher uncertainty and the drugs can be very expensive. When setting priorities in the healthcare sector, treatments aimed at patients with rare diseases, so called orphan drugs, have become a source of concern. Orphan drugs seldom show solid evidence of effectiveness or cost-effectiveness. Still, treatments for rare disease patients, available on the European market, has increased rapidly since the adoption of a regulation offering incentives for research and development of orphan drugs. The question arises as to whether the publicly funded health care system should provide such expensive treatments, and if so, to what extent. This doctoral thesis aims to investigate healthcare priority setting and rare diseases in the context of orphan drug reimbursement. Priority setting for orphan drugs is located at the intersection of economic, ethical and psychological perspectives. This intersection is explored by studying the public’s view on the relevance of rarity when setting priorities for orphan drugs, and by examining how orphan drugs are managed when making reimbursement decisions in practice. Papers I and II in this thesis employ quantitative, experimental methods in order to investigate preferences for prioritising rare diseases, and the extent to which psychological factors influence such preferences. Papers III and IV employ qualitative methods to further explore what factors (apart from rarity) influence priority-setting decisions for orphan drugs, as well as how decisions regarding orphan drugs are made in practice in England, France, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods has provided a more comprehensive understanding of the topic explored in the thesis, and the methods have complemented each other. Paper I shows that there is no general preference for giving higher priority to rare disease patients when allocating resources between rare and common disease patients. However, results show that preferences for treating the rare patients are malleable to a set of psychological factors, in particular “proportion dominance”. Paper II shows that the identifiability of an individual has no, or a negative, influence on the share of respondents choosing to allocate resources to him/her (compared to a nonidentified individual). Paper III confirms that rarity per se is not seen as a factor that should influence priority-setting decisions (i.e. accept a greater willingness to pay for orphan drugs), however, other factors such as disease severity, treatment effect and whether there are treatment alternatives were seen as relevant for consideration. Paper IV explores the challenges with and solutions for orphan drug reimbursement, as perceived by different actors in five European countries. Perceived challenges are related to the components involved when making reimbursement decisions, to the reimbursement system, and to the acceptance of the final decision. Solutions are either specific for orphan drugs, or general measures that can be used for orphan drugs as well as for other drugs. In conclusion, priority setting for orphan drugs is complex and requires particular attention from decision makers. There are many factors to consider when making reimbursement decisions for orphan drugs. The consequences of a decision are potentially severe (both for rare disease patients and for common disease patients, depending on the decision) and psychological factors can potentially influence decisions.
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Jagadesh, Soushieta. "Biogeography of Emerging Infectious Diseases In search for the hotspots of Disease X: A biogeographic approach to mapping the predictive risk of WHO’s Blueprint Priority Diseases Emerging human infectious diseases of aquatic origin: a comparative biogeographic approach using Bayesian spatial modelling Global emergence of Buruli Ulcer Spatial variations between Leishmania species: A biogeographic approach to mapping the distribution of Leishmania species in French Guiana Mapping priority neighborhoods: A novel approach to cluster identification in HIV/AIDS population". Thesis, Guyane, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020YANE0007.

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La récente pandémie de Covid19 nous rappelle, si cela était encore nécessaire, que la propagation des maladies infectieuses ignore les frontières géographiques. Les changements combinés de biodiversité locale et l’utilisation des terres, l’augmentation de la connectivité internationale par le transport et le commerce ainsi que la menace imminente du changement climatique a accru le risque d’émergence et de réémergence des maladies infectieuses (EMI). Jusqu’à présent la réponse des politiques de santé publique a été la surveillance passive sans toutefois s’avérer réellement efficace dans la prévention et le contrôle des épidémies. Le choix qui a été fait ici est celui d’une nouvelle approche anticipative, par identification des zones à haut risques d’EMI en se basant sur la détection des facteurs environnementaux les plus favorisant. Parmi ces facteurs on trouve la conversion des terres, la diminution drastique de la biodiversité ou encore le changement climatique. Ainsi la méthode biogéographique a permis d’étudier et d’analyser les EMI à travers différents groupes de taxons de pathogènes comme les bactéries, les virus, les protozoaires et les champignons. L’étude a été portée globalement, ainsi que localement, en Guyane Française, un territoire français d’outre-mer situé en Amérique du Sud. Dans les deux cas, à travers les différents groupes de pathogènes, les risques d’inondation, les récentes conversions de parcelles de forêts en terres agro-minières et l’augmentation du minimum de température due au changement climatique se sont avérés être des facteurs significatifs dans l’émergence globale et locale des maladies infectieuses étudiées. Les principaux résultats de cette thèse sont les suivantes :1. Une approche biogéographique de modélisation de la distribution des EMI en utilisant les bases de données existantes sur les cas cliniques, l’imagerie satellite et un modèle statistique non conventionnel est efficace pour détecter précocement les régions à risque, permettre d’améliorer la prévention, et contrôler leur diffusion.2. Il est possible d’anticiper les EMI en identifiant et en gérant précocement les facteurs favorisant ayant un lien direct avec l’anthropisation de l’environnement
The COVID-19 pandemic highlights that the spread of infectious diseases goes beyond geographical boundaries. Simultaneous changes in local biodiversity and land use, the increasing international connectivity through human transport and trade and the imminent threat of climate change have increased the risk of the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases. The current public health response to emerging infectious diseases (EID) by passive surveillance has proven largely ineffective in preventing and controlling disease outbreaks. The way toward is to “get ahead of the curve” by identifying potential hotspots of disease emergence and detecting the environmental triggers such as land transformation, biodiversity loss and climate change. I used a biogeographic approach to study and analyze disease emergence across different taxonomic pathogen groups such as bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal, globally and in French Guiana, a French Overseas territory located in South America. I found that regions at risk of floods, recent conversion of forest to agricultural lands and increasing minimum temperature (i.e. temperature at night) caused by cli mate change were drivers for disease emergence locally and globally across the different pathogen groups. The main findings of the PhD thesis are the following:1. Biogeographic approach to mapping the distribution of EIDs with using existing human cases data, remote sensing imagery and unconventional statistical models is effective to “get ahead of the curve” in the detection of regions at risk and the management of EIDs.2. EIDs are not unprecedented but predictable by identifying and managing the triggers of disease emergence, which have a direct link with the anthropization of the environment
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Konu, Yao. "Résilience des systèmes de santé face aux grandes épidémies en Afrique : cas de l’impact de la COVID-19 sur la prise en charge des maladies prioritaires au Togo". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0346.

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En temps de crise sanitaire, les systèmes de santé résilients doivent simultanément répondre à la crise et maintenir la fourniture des services de santé essentiels. Les mesures restrictives prises en réponse à la pandémie de COVID-19 ont probablement affecté négativement l’accès et l’utilisation des services de santé. L’objectif général de cette thèse était d’évaluer l’impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur l’accès et l’utilisation des services de prise en charge du VIH/sida, du paludisme et de la tuberculose (maladies prioritaires) en Afrique subsaharienne à partir de l’exemple du Togo. Nous avons décrit l’épidémie de COVID-19 et sa gestion au Togo au moyen d’une revue narrative. Ensuite, nous avons mesuré l’intensité du choc épidémique en population générale et en population adolescente à partir de trois enquêtes de séroprévalence du SARS-CoV-2 conduites en 2021 et 2022. Enfin nous avons décrit l’effet de la pandémie sur l’utilisation des services liés à la lutte contre le VIH/sida, le paludisme et la tuberculose via une approche quasi expérimentale (avant-après). Nous rapportons une séroprévalence élevée de SARS-CoV-2 en population générale en 2021 (65,5% ; intervalle de confiance (IC95%) : 64,3 -66,6) et chez les adolescents de la rue en 2022 (63,5% ; IC95% : 57,8-69,0). Les services de lutte contre le VIH, le paludisme et la tuberculose ont généralement été maintenus au Togo malgré la pandémie de COVID-19. Dans l'ensemble, on a observé une diminution de six des neuf indicateurs inclus. La tendance est restée constante entre les périodes prépandémique et pandémique de la COVID-19 pour tous les indicateurs du paludisme. Ces résultats devraient servir de base pour anticiper les conséquences de futures crises sanitaires liées à des émergences infectieuses au Togo et au-delà en Afrique
In times of health crisis, resilient healthcare systems must simultaneously respond to the crisis and maintain the provision of essential health services. Restrictive measures taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have adversely affected access to and use of healthcare services. The overall objective of this thesis was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to and utilization of services for the management of HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis (priority diseases) in sub-Saharan Africa, using Togo as an example. We described the COVID-19 epidemic and its management in Togo by means of a narrative review. We then measured the intensity of the epidemic shock in the general and adolescent populations, based on three SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys conducted in 2021 and 2022. Finally, we described the effect of the pandemic on the use of services related to the fight against HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis, using a quasi-experimental (before-after) approach. We report a high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the general population in 2021 (65.5%; confidence interval (CI95%): 64.3 -66.6) and among street adolescents in 2022 (63.5%; CI95%: 57.8-69.0). HIV, malaria and tuberculosis services were generally maintained in Togo despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, there was a decline in six of the nine indicators included. The trend remained constant between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods of COVID-19 for all malaria indicators. These results should serve as a basis for anticipating the consequences of future health crises linked to emerging infectious diseases in Togo and beyond in Africa
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Ekerstad, Niklas. "Micro Level Priority Setting for Elderly Patients with Acute Cardiovascular Disease and Complex Needs : Practice What We Preach or Preach What We Practice?" Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medicinsk teknologiutvärdering, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-67639.

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Demographic trends and other factors are expected to continue widening the gap between health care demands and available resources, especially in elder services. This growing imbalance signals a need for priority setting in health care. The literature has previously described problems in constructing useable means of priority setting, particularly when evidence is sparse, when patient groups are not satisfactorily defined, when interpretation of the term patient need is unclear, and when uncertainty prevails on how to weigh different ethical values. The chosen study object illustrates these problems. Moreover, the Swedish Government recently stated that care for elderly persons with complex health care needs remains underfunded. The general aim of this thesis is: to study micro-level priority setting for elderly heart patients with complex needs, as illustrated by those with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI); to relate the findings to evidence-based priority setting, e.g. guidelines for heart disease; and to analyse how complex needs could be appropriately categorised from a perspective of evidence-based priority setting. Paper I presents a register study that uses data from the Patient Register to describe inpatient care utilization, costs, and characteristics of elderly patients with multiple diseases. Paper II presents a confidential survey study from a random sample of 400 Swedish cardiologists. Paper III presents a prospective, clinical, observational multicentre-study of elderly patients with myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Paper IV presents a questionnaire study from a purposeful, stratified sample of Swedish cardiologists. The results from Paper I show that elderly patients with multiple diseases have extensive and complex needs, frequently manifesting chronic and intermittently acute disease and consuming health care at various levels. A large majority have manifested cardiovascular disease. Results from Paper II indicate that although 81% of cardiologists reported extensive use of national guidelines in their clinical decision-making generally, the individual clinician’s personal clinical experience and the patient’s views were used to a greater extent than national guidelines, when making decisions about elderly multiple-diseased patients. Many elderly heart disease patients with complex needs manifest severe, acute or chronic, comorbid conditions that constitute exclusion criteria in evidence-generating studies, thereby limiting the generalisability of evidence and applicability of guidelines for these patients. This was indicated in papers I-IV. Paper III reports that frailty is a strong independent risk factor for adverse, short-term, clinical outcomes, e.g. one-month mortality for elderly NSTEMI patients. Particularly frail patients with a high comorbidity burden manifested a markedly increased risk. In the future, prospective clinical studies and registries with few exclusion criteria should be conducted. Consensus-based judgments based on a framework for priority setting as regards elderly patients with complex needs may offer an alternative, estimating the benefitrisk ratio of an intervention and the time-frame of expected benefits in relation to expected life-time. Such a framework, which is tentatively outlined in this thesis, should take into account comorbidity, frailty, and disease-specific risk.
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Castillejo, González Soledad. "Factores que influyen en la incidencia de la leishmaniosis canina a través de un estudio epidemiológico longitudinal en el foco de la comarca del Priorato (Tarragona)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672879.

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En la comarca tarraconense del Priorat se presenta una distribución heterogénea de la leishmaniosis canina que, en principio, debe estar condicionada a factores inherentes al vector. Sin embargo, los estudios realizados en muchos de los focos se refieren a un único año de estudio, pudiendo darse resultados condicionados a un factor circunstancial. Sólo los estudios prospectivos longitudinales pueden aportar datos fidedignos del funcionamiento de un foco determinado. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es profundizar en el conocimiento general del foco de leishmaniosis canina a través de: A) Estudio del reservorio: Realizar el estudio prospectivo longitudinal de la seroprevalencia de la enfermedad en diferentes poblaciones ubicadas, según Fisa y col. (1998), en distintas zonas de endemicidad (alta, baja y media). B) Estudio de los flebótomos vectores: Conocer las especies presentes en el foco del Priorat mediante capturas realizadas a lo largo de diferentes años y por distintos métodos.
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Estaquio, Carla. "Scores nutritionnels : méthodes, aspects socio-économiques et association avec l’état nutritionnel et la morbidité dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0782/document.

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Les actions mises en œuvre dans le cadre du Programme National Nutrition Santé (PNNS) suscitent des attentes et des interrogations en termes d’efficacité. Il est donc utile d’apporter des informations concernant l’adhésion de la population aux recommandations et sur l’effet possible de cette adhésion sur l’état de santé. L’adhésion a été mesurée grâce à la construction de deux scores construits a priori sur la base des objectifs de santé publique (FSIPO) ou repères du PNNS (PNNS-GS). Globalement, une meilleure adéquation aux 9 recommandations ou objectifs de santé publique était associée à un statut nutritionnel favorable. Les sujets présentant un score élevé (PNNS-GS ou FSIPO) déclaraient également des habitudes de vie plus saines (tabac, alcool, activité physique) que ceux ayant des scores bas. Une réduction de 36% du risque de maladies chroniques (décès, cancers et maladies cardiovasculaires) a été observée, après huit ans de suivi, chez les hommes ayant un FSIPO élevé. Malgré certaines limites, la validation de scores nutritionnels a priori s’avère indispensable pour convaincre tant les autorités de santé publique que les professionnels de santé et le grand public que tendre vers les recommandations peut être bénéfique tant au niveau individuel que collectif
The actions implemented in the French National Program on Nutrition and Health (PNNS) raise expectations and questions in terms of efficiency. It is therefore useful to provide information about the general public adherence and demonstrate the potential for improving the health status of the population when PNNS nutritional guidelines are followed. Adherence was measured through the construction of two a priori nutritional scores based on the public health goals (FSIPO) or PNNS recommendations (PNNS-GS). A better compliance with recommendations or public health goals was associated with better nutritional status. Subjects with a high score (PNNS-GS or FSIPO) reported healthier lifestyle (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity) than those with lower scores. A 36% reduction in the risk of chronic disease (death, cancer and cardiovascular disease) was observed after eight years of follow up, among men with high FSIPO. Despite some limitations, validation of a priori nutritional scores is essential to convince both the public health authorities and the general public that the adherence to the PNNS is useful at an individual and collective level
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Brard, Caroline. "Approche Bayésienne de la survie dans les essais cliniques pour les cancers rares". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS474/document.

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L'approche Bayésienne permet d’enrichir l'information apportée par l'essai clinique, en intégrant des informations externes à l'essai. De plus, elle permet d’exprimer les résultats directement en termes de probabilité d’un certain effet du traitement, plus informative et interprétable qu’une p-valeur et un intervalle de confiance. Par ailleurs, la réduction fréquente d’une analyse à une interprétation binaire des résultats (significatif ou non) est particulièrement dommageable dans les maladies rares. L’objectif de mon travail était d'explorer la faisabilité, les contraintes et l'apport de l'approche Bayésienne dans les essais cliniques portant sur des cancers rares lorsque le critère principal est censuré. Tout d’abord, une revue de la littérature a confirmé la faible implémentation actuelle des méthodes Bayésiennes dans l'analyse des essais cliniques avec critère de survie.Le second axe de ce travail a porté sur le développement d’un essai Bayésien avec critère de survie, intégrant des données historiques, dans le cadre d’un essai réel portant sur une pathologie rare (ostéosarcome). Le prior intégrait des données historiques individuelles sur le bras contrôle et des données agrégées sur l’effet relatif du traitement. Une large étude de simulations a permis d’évaluer les caractéristiques opératoires du design proposé, de calibrer le modèle, tout en explorant la problématique de la commensurabilité entre les données historiques et actuelles. Enfin, la ré-analyse de trois essais cliniques publiés a permis d’illustrer l'apport de l'approche Bayésienne dans l'expression des résultats et la manière dont cette approche permet d’enrichir l’analyse fréquentiste d’un essai
Bayesian approach augments the information provided by the trial itself by incorporating external information into the trial analysis. In addition, this approach allows the results to be expressed in terms of probability of some treatment effect, which is more informative and interpretable than a p-value and a confidence interval. In addition, the frequent reduction of an analysis to a binary interpretation of the results (significant versus non-significant) is particularly harmful in rare diseases.In this context, the objective of my work was to explore the feasibility, constraints and contribution of the Bayesian approach in clinical trials in rare cancers with a primary censored endpoint. A review of the literature confirmed that the implementation of Bayesian methods is still limited in the analysis of clinical trials with a censored endpoint.In the second part of our work, we developed a Bayesian design, integrating historical data in the setting of a real clinical trial with a survival endpoint in a rare disease (osteosarcoma). The prior incorporated individual historical data on the control arm and aggregate historical data on the relative treatment effect. Through a large simulation study, we evaluated the operating characteristics of the proposed design and calibrated the model while exploring the issue of commensurability between historical and current data. Finally, the re-analysis of three clinical trials allowed us to illustrate the contribution of Bayesian approach to the expression of the results, and how this approach enriches the frequentist analysis of a trial
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Hascoët, Sébastien. "Thérapies avancée de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire associée aux cardiopathies congénitales Pumpless Lung Assist as a Bridge to Medical Therapy in a Teenager With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Transplantation for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension with Congenital Heart Disease: Impact of Current Therapeutic Approach Including a High-Priority Allocation Programme on Outcomes Outcome of adults with Eisenmenger syndrome treated with drugs specific to pulmonary arterial hypertension: A French multicentre study Long-term outcomesofpulmonaryarterial hypertension underspecific drugtherapyin Eisenmenger syndrome". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASQ010.

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Résumé : Les cardiopathies congénitales sont les anomalies congénitales les plus fréquentes. Grâce aux progrès dans la prise en charge chirurgicale, environ 90% des enfants ayant une cardiopathie congénitale vivent désormais jusqu’à l’âge adulte. Néanmoins, l’évolution clinique de ces patients peut être marquée par des complications, dont l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire. Celle-ci peut se développer secondairement à l’absence ou au retard de prise en charge dans l’enfance ou à des lésions résiduelles. L’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire est associée à un pronostic altéré, essentiellement par défaillance ventriculaire. L’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire chez ces patients se caractérise par la variabilité des aspects hémodynamiques selon les lésions anatomiques sous-jacentes. Sa prise en charge demeure variable, complexe et controversée. La correction de la cardiopathie congénitale sous-jacente est recommandée ou contre-indiquée selon la sévérité de l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire. Les traitements spécifiques médicamenteux vasodilatateurs pulmonaires pourraient être bénéfiques dans les atteintes les plus évoluées. Les patients avec atteinte terminale pourraient bénéficier de la transplantation cardio-pulmonaire. L’objectif principal de cette thèse a été d’étudier l’impact hémodynamique et sur le pronostic des différentes approches thérapeutiques avancées actuellement disponibles pour la prise en charge de l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire associée aux cardiopathies congénitales. Ont été étudiés en particulier les traitements médicamenteux spécifiques, la correction du shunt par voie percutanée, l’assistance circulatoire et la transplantation cardio-pulmonaire. Cette thèse a permis de montrer qu’une prise en charge pro-active de l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire chez les patients ayant une cardiopathie congénitale est associée à une amélioration des paramètres hémodynamiques, des paramètres cliniques et par une amélioration du pronostic. Les résultats de cette thèse invitent à poursuivre le recours aux thérapies avancées et leur évaluation afin d’affiner les algorithmes de prise en charge clinique
Abstract: Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect. Thanks to advances in surgical management, about 90% of children with congenital heart disease now live to adulthood. Nevertheless, the clinical course of these patients may be marked by complications, including pulmonary arterial hypertension. It may develop secondary to the absence or delay of treatment in childhood or to residual lesions. It is associated with an altered prognosis, primarily due to ventricular failure. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in these patients is characterized by variability in hemodynamic aspects depending on the underlying anatomical lesions. Its management remains variable, complex and controversial. Correction of underlying predisposing congenital heart disease is recommended or contraindicated depending on the degree of severity of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Specific pulmonary vasodilator drug therapies may be beneficial in more advanced disease. Patients with end stage disease may benefit from cardiopulmonary transplantation. The main objective of this thesis was to study the hemodynamic and prognostic impact of the different advanced therapeutic approaches currently available for the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease. Specific drug therapies, percutaneous shunt correction, circulatory support and cardiopulmonary transplant were studied. This thesis has shown that proactive management of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with congenital heart disease is associated with improved hemodynamic parameters, clinical parameters and improved prognosis. The results of this thesis call for further use and evaluation of advanced therapies to refine clinical management algorithms
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Anderson, Ian. "Health care financing challenges in the Pacific: priority setting and resource allocation". Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147742.

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As explained in the Introduction, Pacific Islands Countries (PICs) have some of the highest rates of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in the world, and also face severe fiscal constraints. The original research contained in this thesis by compilation aims to address knowledge gaps, and help PIC governments respond to the emerging NCD crisis. Chapter 2 investigates the health financing options available to governments in five PICs. The share of government expenditure going to health in these countries is already some of the highest in the world. Most options available to middle-income countries globally to increase the fiscal space for health are unavailable, or inappropriate, to PICs. Improving allocative and technical efficiency in existing government health expenditure is the most feasible option left for PICs. Chapters 3 and 4 use two case studies to better understand the budgetary pressures that, given the above fiscal constraints, NCDs will increasingly impose in the Pacific and to raise fundamental questions about the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of health financing in the Pacific. Chapter 3, as well as re-considering the fiscal options of Chapter 2 in the context of Samoa, finds that dialysis treatment per patient in Samoa is twelve times the GDP per capita, user fees cover just 1.6% of the program, and two-thirds of patients die within two years. Chapter 4 investigates the cost to government of purchasing drugs to prevent and treat diabetes and hypertension in Vanuatu. Government pharmaceutical costs rise in large, step-wise, patterns as diabetes or hypertension progressively becomes more severe. About 20% of the population in Vanuatu has three or more risk factors for acquiring diabetes, but only 1.3% of the total population could be treated with insulin before the total Government drug budget for the country was fully spent. Chapter 5 finds that, contrary to general perceptions, the population of the PICs is “ageing” (i.e. the share of the population aged 60 years + is increasing). Current health systems are poorly designed to respond to their health needs. Ageing, combined with the high birth rates in many PICs, is likely to worsen the “dependency ratio” in countries, putting further strain on government budgets. This is exacerbated for those PICs with high levels of out-migration. With limited financing options (Chapter 2), prohibitively expensive treatment protocols (Chapters 3 and 4), and an ageing population (Chapter 5), a strong case for any budgetary interventions is needed. Chapter 6 identifies, based on a literature survey and stakeholder views, how Ministries of Health can improve their capacity to negotiate better health financing from Ministries of Finance, and development partners. It identifies ten attributes of effective budget requests. The academic contribution of the thesis is to help fill the research gap relating to the effectiveness and sustainability of NCD and other health care costs in the Pacific. The policy contribution is to provide the analysis underpinning the Pacific’s response to the NCD crisis. The “NCD Road Map”, which I drafted and which Pacific governments have now approved, is summarized in the Conclusion.
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Ogden, Alan R. "Dental health and disease at Norton Priory". 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4705.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Priority diseases"

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Asia, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East. Priority areas for research in communicable diseases. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, 2009.

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Lohsoonthorn, Paibool, Sukon Kanchanaraksa, Thailand. Khana Kammakān Rabātwitthayā hǣng Chāt. Fact Finding Commission. e Rockefeller Foundation, eds. Review of the health situation in Thailand: Priority ranking of diseases. Bangkok, Thailand: The Board, 1987.

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Ryan, Colleen. Operational definitions for year 2000 objectives: Priority area 20, immunization and infectious diseases. [Hyattsville, Md.] (6525 Belcrest Rd., Hyattsville 20782): [U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 1997.

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Messele, Tsehaynesh. Identifying HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, and tuberculosis research gaps, and priority setting agenda in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Public Health Association, 2005.

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Karen, Adams, Corrigan Janet M e Institute of Medicine (U.S.), eds. Priority areas for national action: Transforming health care quality. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2003.

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6

Puja, Thakker, World Economic Forum e World Health Organization. Country Office for India, eds. Employee wellness as a strategic priority in India: Preventing the burden of non-communicable diseases through workplace wellness programmes. Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum, 2009.

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World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Priority HIV and sexual health interventions in the health sector for men who have sex with men and transgender people in the Asia-Pacific Region. Manila: World Health Organization, Western Pacific Region, 2010.

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8

Workshop, on Enhancing Interactions to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities (2005 Bethesda Md ). Proceedings from enhancing interactions to reduce cancer health disparities, an NCI-wide workshop: Including a proposed action plan to achieve the NCI strategic priority, overcome cancer health disparities. [Bethesda, MD]: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 2006.

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Brazeau, Stéphanie, e Nicholas H. Ogden, eds. Earth observation, public health and one health: activities, challenges and opportunities. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621183.0000.

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Abstract This book contains 4 chapters that discuss in the context of both the One Health concept and the SDG initiative, remote sensing can provide solutions to the priority of assessing and monitoring public health risks, and it can play an important role in supporting decision making to reduce health risks within our shared ecosystems. The growing awareness of complex but causal interactions among these realms has motivated professionals in a wide range of sectors to adopt the One Health approach, which promotes intersectoral collaboration to address health issues at the human-animal-environment interface. In its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the United Nations specifically identifies "strengthening the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks" as part of their Good Health and Well-being Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). As examples presented in this book reveal, the risk of infectious disease emergence increases with a wide range of conditions and variables, including those associated with humans, animals, climate, and the environment. This book examines several priority themes to which EO and geomatics can make important contributions: mosquito-borne and tick-borne diseases; water-borne diseases; air quality and extreme heat effects; geospatial indicators of vulnerable human populations.
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Lyon-Caen, Olivier. Priorité cerveau: Des découvertes aux traitements. Paris: Jacob, 2010.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Priority diseases"

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Gielen, Stephan. "Priority Areas for CVD Research". In Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, 289–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22357-5_27.

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Mphande, Fingani Annie. "Priority Diseases, Sustained Response and SDG3.3". In Sustainable Health in Low and Middle Income Countries, 29–60. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4254-1_3.

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Portela, Raquel, Klementina Borovnik, Constança M. P. Costa, Inês R. Grilo e Pedro M. Pereira. "High-Priority Pathogens: Where Do We Stand?" In Nanotherapeutics for Infectious Diseases, 93–140. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003566786-3.

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Casparie, A. F., e H. Verkleij. "Conclusions: Priority Areas for Policy-Makers". In Chronic Diseases in the year 2005, 191–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1954-2_6.

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Reingold, Arthur. "21 Epidemiologic Research in the Setting of Outbreak Response". In Principles and Practice of Emergency Research Response, 553–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48408-7_30.

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AbstractThe highest priority during the response to an outbreak or epidemic is to limit morbidity and mortality by preventing new cases and improving outcomes in those who are affected. Epidemiologic research is an essential component of such a response. Well-designed and rapidly executed observational epidemiologic studies, often done in conjunction with laboratory and environmental investigations and informed by relevant behavioral and social sciences knowledge, can help guide the development and implementation of interventions that ameliorate the current outbreak, as well as contribute to more effective and earlier responses to future outbreaks. While generic, “off the shelf” protocols for studies of some recurring, outbreak-prone infectious diseases (e.g., cholera and influenza) may help expedite such studies, they are no substitute for well-trained, experienced epidemiologists who are available for rapid deployment wherever and whenever they are needed to plan and carry out such studies. Experience with recent epidemics and pandemics caused by a wide range of infectious disease agents (e.g., Ebola, Zika, severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS or SARS-1], influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) illustrates the central contribution of observational epidemiologic studies to enhanced understanding of and improved response to both new and old infectious disease threats. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, there will be considerable investment, at least in the short term, in accelerating outbreak response research, including its epidemiologic dimensions. Assuring that such research is thoughtfully designed and carefully implemented is a high priority.
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Emir, Salachudin, Sugeng Santoso e Yosi Krisyanti. "Consumer Preferences in Purchasing Traditional Medicine Considering Products, Taste Sensory, and Certification Label". In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 1094–102. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_135.

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AbstractThe benefits of traditional medicine have been known since ancient times in Indonesia, functioning as an alternative to treat various diseases and maintain the body’s immune. This research aims to determine consumer preferences and the dominant attributes that are the main priority for traditional medicine. The analytical tool in this research used conjoint analysis. This research is descriptive using primary data. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method from 61 respondents. The research instrument was tested using validity and reliability tests. The research results were analyzed descriptively, and a trend test was conducted. The research results regarding the dominant attributes that will become the main priority in consumer preferences for traditional medicines indicate that the research instruments are valid and reliable to be used in research. The analysis shows that most consumers love traditional medicine in a liquid form with a mint taste and labeled with BPOM and Halal certification. In choosing traditional medicine, consumers tend to prioritize the value of the certification label first with an importance of 58.390%, followed by taste sensory with an importance value of 28.531%, and the last is related to the type of product with 13.079%. The correlation output to measure predictive accuracy obtained a high and significant correlation value.
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Sayed, Rola El, Zahi Abdul-Sater e Deborah Mukherji. "Cancer Care During War and Conflict". In Cancer in the Arab World, 461–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7945-2_29.

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AbstractThe Arab World has sadly witnessed protracted conflict affecting several of its regions in recent years. Conflict-affected populations have been significantly impacted by chronic deficiencies in medical care including unprecedented numbers of refugees and migrants requiring ongoing support in neighbouring countries. Humanitarian response to crisis has historically focused on the supply of nutrition, water, and emergent trauma relief, followed by control and prevention of infections. Prevention and management of non-communicable diseases, specifically cancer, have been relatively neglected; however, with regional conflicts lasting for many years, cancer care has become an increasingly urgent issue to be addressed. The humanitarian community has stressed the need for situational assessment regarding disease prevalence and available resources, with identification of specific regional challenges. Lack of infrastructure, important diagnostic and treatment modalities, clinical experts and regulatory bodies are the main obstacles to cancer care at all stages from screening and prevention to therapeutics and palliation. The initial step to improving cancer care provision should be implementing needs-based priority assessment and policies within the context of governing bodies that control and monitor performance. Collaboration and coordination among national and international organizations and stakeholders are essential to improve data collection on which to base resource allocation and address growing disparities in cancer outcomes.
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Boutayeb, Saber, e Mohammed Anass Majbar. "General Oncology Care in Morocco". In Cancer in the Arab World, 163–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7945-2_11.

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AbstractThe current population of Morocco is estimated to be 37 million based on the projection of the United Nations data. The median age in the Moroccan population is young. Around 25% of the population is aged under 14 years. Morocco is currently in an epidemiological transition called “double burden,” with the coexistence of infectious and chronic diseases. The most frequent cancers in men are lung, prostate, bladder, colorectum, and lymphoma. Whereas, for women, the most frequent are breast, cervix, colorectum, thyroid, and ovary. The first Moroccan cancer plan (2010–2019) has given the priority to breast and cervix cancers. Concerning treatments, the classical chemotherapies, hormonal therapies, and the first generation of monoclonal antibodies (Trastuzumab, Rituximab, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, etc.,) are widely available for the entire population. Two immunotherapies are available in Morocco: Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab. However, their reimbursement is still conflictual. 3D and new irradiation techniques are available in the major cities. Advanced minimally invasive techniques are now routinely performed for colorectal, liver, gynecologic, thoracic, and urologic cancers. The first surgical robot was acquired by the university hospital in Fez in 2019.
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Kvangarsnes, Marit, Torstein Hole, Bodil J. Landstad, Berit Misund Dahl e Elise Kvalsund Bårdsgjerde. "Building Health Literacy: A Pedagogical Model for Good Health and Well-Being". In Towards Sustainable Good Health and Well-being, 67–84. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61810-9_4.

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AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to present a pedagogical model for building health literacy to obtain sustainable health services at both an individual and organisational level. Health-literate people and organisations are better able to access, analyse, and comprehend necessary health information to make appropriate decisions about health and well-being. Promoting health literacy is a priority for the World Health Organization, and lack of health literacy is a global concern. Health literacy is important for health promotion and disease prevention and is particularly significant for people with chronic diseases. Health professionals need pedagogical knowledge and tools to build health literacy and to promote good health and well-being, which is an important Sustainability Development Goal (SDG 3). A pedagogical model offers a systematic and universal approach for planning, implementing, and assessing health literacy. Moreover, the pedagogical model for health literacy is a useful tool for reaching sustainability goals related to good health and well-being and better opportunities for all. The model aims at liberating human resources and promoting equity and consists of six pedagogical categories: frame factors, content, goals, patients’ health literacy, communication, and assessment. The pedagogical model has an ecological approach. This means that individuals, social networks, organisations, communities, and population must be engaged in order to build health literacy. Educational interventions also play a vital role in building health literacy, such as schools which have a focus on promoting good health. Building health literacy needs to start in early childhood and span over an individual’s lifetime.
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Saharan, Govind Singh, Naresh K. Mehta e Prabhu Dayal Meena. "Future Priority Areas of Clubroot Research for Its Better Management". In Clubroot Disease of Crucifers, 739–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2133-8_16.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Priority diseases"

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Tomassini, Selene, Carlo Cosimo Quattrocchi, Abdallah Zeggada, Damiano Duranti, Farid Melgani e Paolo Giorgini. "A Deep-Learning System for Detecting the Brain MRI Anatomical Plane to be Examined with Priority in Alzheimer's Disease". In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE), 71–76. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10795957.

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Woolf, AD. "SP0049 Raising priority for the needs of the individual". In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.8.

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Pen, Haibo, Shuangshuang Wang e Zhuofan Zhang. "Mural image shedding diseases inpainting algorithm based on structure priority". In Third International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Engineering (ICAICE 2022), editado por Xiaoli Li. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2671230.

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Liu, Renxuan, e Duan Wu. "Re-establishing the balance: A New Community-based Chronic Disease Management Service Model in China". In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003492.

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As China's aging process accelerates, chronic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure gradually become hidden dangers that endanger the health of the elderly. Based on this, China has formulated a hierarchical medical system for chronic diseases and proposed a community-based chronic disease management plan. However, there are some problems, such as insufficient service resources and unreasonable satisfaction of patients' needs in the actual implementation process. Based on the Kano model, this study analyzes the demands of patients with chronic diseases in the Chinese community at this stage. It matches their existing service subjects according to the priority of demands and then constructs a community-based chronic disease management service model. This study aims to accurately identify the demands of patients with chronic diseases, redistribute and reuse existing facilities and resources, and balance the supply and demand relationship among service subjects and patients. It can provide more humane health management services for chronic disease patients in the community context.
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Balan, Ecaterina. "The crucial priority of the study of autoimmune diseases: impact on the individual, family, and society". In International Scientific Conference "The contemporary issues of the socio-humanistic sciences", XIV edition, 81–88. Free International University of Moldova, 2024. https://doi.org/10.54481/pcss2023.08.

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The article emphasizes the need to pay special attention to the study of autoimmune diseases, highlighting their significant impact on individuals, families, and society. By exploring the chronic nature of these pathologies and the increased risk of long-term disability, it underscores the major challenges in managing these diseases, emphasizing the pressure on healthcare systems and the associated significant costs. Despite advances in research, the precise mechanisms underlying autoimmune diseases remain incompletely elucidated, necessitating comprehensive research approaches to reveal fundamental aspects. Through a detailed and in-depth approach to studying autoimmune diseases, it is emphasized not only the clarity brought to the fundamental causes but also the opening of perspectives for the development of more effective prevention strategies and treatments. The importance of precisely identifying specific triggers from the surrounding environment becomes crucial for implementing personalized approaches and preventing the onset of autoimmune diseases. Thus, it is concluded that rigorous research into autoimmune diseases is not only a medical necessity but also an essential strategy for improving the quality of life, optimizing healthcare resources, and developing more precise and efficient therapeutic interventions.
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Persson, M. S., S. Grzechnik e E. M. Dufva. "POS0103-PARE SYSTEMIC RHEUMATIC DISEASES: A RESEARCH PRIORITY HIGHLIGHTED BY RESEARCHERS AND PATIENTS". In EULAR 2024 European Congress of Rheumatology, 12-15 June. Vienna, Austria. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2024-eular.241.

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Voikina, Diana Vladimirovna, e Marina Nikolaevna Nalimova. "SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDENTS ' PHYSICAL ACTIVITY". In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-480/483.

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This article discusses the importance of physical activity of students of higher education institutions. Modern diseases that occur quite often in University students are analyzed,as well as the priority of physical training. A sample is being conducted for students of Samara state University of Economics
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Mariz, Fabiana Nunes de Carvalho, Luiza de Lima Pereir, Pâmela Araújo da Silva, Izabela Junqueira Magalhães, Cristhiane Campos Marques de Oliveira, Marihá Thaís Trombetta, Daniel Martins Borges, Alvaro Macedo de Carvalho e Carla Nunes de Araújo. "Priority populations on Brazilian HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns". In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p125.

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Introduction: According to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, priority populations are composed of adolescents and young adults, people of color, homeless people, and indigenous communities and fragile groups that are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. Contrary to the global downward trend in the number of new HIV cases, the Brazilian priority groups show increasing rates. Therefore, the importance of HIV/AIDS prevention and informational campaigns focused on these groups is important. Objective: This study aims to perform a documental research on the national HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns to determine which ones focused on priority populations. Methods: This analysis was based on data from publicity pieces of HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns from 1998 to 2020. The search and examination of these campaigns were conducted on the Brazilian Department of Chronic Conditions Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections of the Ministry of Health website. Results: From a total of 85 promoted campaigns in the period, only 9 had the adolescent and young adult population as the target audience, despite the increase in AIDS detection rate in these groups. Furthermore, none of them focused on the other priority groups nor presented information about combination HIV prevention. Conclusion: The data evidence the need for elaborating more HIV/ AIDS prevention campaigns to reach priority populations. Actions aiming to inform and protect these groups, as well as making prevention and treatment methods easily accessible, are key for fighting HIV/AIDS spread and ensuring a healthy future.
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Apanasevich, M. V., K. M. Kirilenko, A. A. Kokhanenko, G. N. Artemov, V. A. Burlak, M. K. Haidara e S. S. Alekseeva. "STUDY OF THE BACTERIAL DIVERSITY OF INTESTINAL, SPERMATHECA AND OVARIAN IN MALARIAL MOSQUITOES ANOPHELES BEKLEMISHEVI, AN. MESSAE AND AN. DACIAE AT DIFFERENT FEEDING STAGES OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF WESTERN SIBERIA". In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-288.

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Malarial mosquitoes are carriers of a number of dangerous transmissible viral, bacterial, helminthic and protozoal diseases. In connection with this, one of the priority directions in the fight against natural focal infections is the study of bacterial diversity. The paper presents the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing from 17 pools, which were formed based on the species, organ, and feeding stage of the malarial mosquitoes.
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Skavronskaya, M. V., e I. N. Fedina. "THE STRUCTURE OF PRIORITY FORMS OF SOMATIC PATHOLOGY AND DISEASES OF VISUAL ORGAN IN EMPLOYEES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES". In The 17th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2023). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-1-4-2023-1-423-427.

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Due to the multifactorial impact of the working and environmental environment and the labor process on the body of drivers, the identification of priority pathology in order to preserve high visual functions is an important task to preserve human resources and ensure transport safety. The study of the structure of diseases of the eye and its accessory apparatus, as well as priority forms of somatic pathology, was carried out through a retrospective analysis of 4,240 outpatient records of professional drivers of vehicles of all categories who underwent periodic medical examination (PME) at the clinic of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health in 2020‑2022. Among the surveyed drivers, 32.1% suffer from obesity, arterial hypertension and essential hypertension established were diagnosed in 1.3 and 16.6% of drivers, respectively; diabetes mellitus — in 2.7%; сardiac ischemia — in 0.9%. The structure of the pathology of the organ of vision of employees of a transport enterprise was determined based on the results of periodic medical examinations in 2021‑2022: 76.8% of drivers of vehicles of various categories have a pathology of the organ of vision; the leading group of ophthalmic pathologies are refractive errors, among which hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism prevail (28.9% of the number of drivers); there was a trend for a significant increase in cases of hyperopic refraction after 40 years; the proportion of workers with a refractive error or a combination of them in the group of drivers is higher than in the general structure of all cases of completed medical examination.
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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Priority diseases"

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Estrugo, Andrés, e Rodrigo García Ayala. Assessing the Effects of Climate and Socioeconomic Factors on Vulnerability to Vector-Borne Diseases in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, julho de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011647.

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Climate change is imposing a large burden on the most vulnerable populations, particularly in the developing world. Establishing consistent causal relationships, however, is difficult because a multiplicity of climatic, economic and sociodemographic elements are combined to create the conditions for an outbreak of vector-borne disease. Based on a two-step procedure, this paper presents and tests an approach to estimating the effects of epidemic outbreaks on health vulnerability. The model proposed is empirically tested for five countries in Latin America where dengue is a national health priority. Using data from national censuses, satellite climate information and data from a newly developed disease outbreak surveillance online platform, the paper finds that climate has nonnegligible effects on health vulnerability. The evidence found and the vulnerability index constructed can be used to analyze the main determinants of vulnerability in order to address policy concerns.
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Wolfenden, Luke, e Laura Wolfenden. Embedding smoking cessation support in community service organisations. The Sax Institute, agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/ihzq1178.

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This Rapid Evidence Summary aimed to identify barriers and enablers to embedding smoking cessation support into the routine work of community service organisations (CSOs), a setting which provides access to priority and disadvantaged groups. The authors also looked more broadly at barriers and enablers to supporting provision of preventive care targeting key chronic diseases in order to draw relevant lessons from these. The findings indicate that many factors influence the integration of smoking cessation support into CSOs and that understanding these and developing multi-strategic approaches are needed to improve care. The Summary will provide guidance to the Tasmanian Council of Social Services in developing their smoking cessation project.
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Sharif, Mariam, Rasha Ahmed, Diane Duclos e Jennifer Palmer. Strengthening Health Information Surveillance: Implementing Community-Based Surveillance in Sudan. Institute of Development Studies, maio de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2023.011.

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This case study explores the 2018–22 implementation of a national community-based surveillance (CBS) programme in Sudan. The programme was designed to meet critical needs of the existing health surveillance system. It aimed to empower communities to detect and contain public health threats, improve relations between communities and their local health system, and involve villages in rural areas. Federal, state, and locality (district) staff attended CBS workshops before recruiting and training community volunteers. Over 8,000 volunteers across 11 states were recruited. The volunteers alerted staff to priority syndromes for communicable diseases as well as local events with public health implications (e.g., natural disasters, conflict-induced displacement, food insecurity). Lessons learnt can be used to increase understanding of large-scale CBS programmes and to identify opportunities to strengthen new and existing programmes. For more social science guidance on CBS, see our companion: Key Considerations: Community-Based Surveillance in Public Health.
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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe e Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, dezembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
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Subramanian, Balakrishnan. Opinion mining for breast cancer disease using a priori and K-modes clustering algorithm. Peeref, abril de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2304p5680995.

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Xiang, Kemeng, Huiming Hou e Ming Zhou. The efficacy of Cerus and Cucumis Polypeptide injection combined with Bisphosphonates on postmenopausal women with osteoporosis:A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, maio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0067.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of Cerus and Cucumis Polypeptide injection combined with Bisphosphonates for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Condition being studied: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a disorder of bone metabolism caused by estrogen deficiency in women after menopause, which manifests clinically as pain, spinal deformities and even fragility fractures, affecting the quality of life of patients and possibly shortening their life span. Bisphosphonates are commonly used to control and delay the progression of the disease, improve the patient's symptoms and reduce the incidence of fragility fractures. However, single drugs are still lacking in controlling the progression of the disease, and the combination of drugs is the clinical priority.
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Baszler, Timothy, Igor Savitsky, Christopher Davies, Lauren Staska e Varda Shkap. Identification of bovine Neospora caninum cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes for development of peptide-based vaccine. United States Department of Agriculture, março de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695592.bard.

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The goal of the one-year feasibility study was to identify specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes to Neosporacaninum in the natural bovine host in order to make progress toward developing an effective peptide-based vaccine against bovine neosporosis. We tested the hypothesis that: N. caninum SRS2 peptides contain immunogenicCTLepitope clusters cross-presented by multiple bovine MHC-I and MHC-IIhaplotypes. The specific objectives were: (1) Map bovine CTLepitopes of N. caninum NcSRS-2 and identify consensus MHC-I and class-II binding motifs; and (2) Determine if subunit immunization with peptides containing N. caninum-specificCTLepitopes cross-reactive to multiple bovine MHChaplotypes induces a CTL response in cattle with disparate MHChaplotypes. Neosporosis is a major cause of infectious abortion and congenital disease in cattle, persisting in cattle herds via vertical transmission.5 N. caninum abortions are reported in Israel; a serological survey of 52 Israeli dairy herds with reported abortions indicated a 31% infection rate in cows and 16% infection rate in aborted fetuses.9,14 Broad economic loss due to bovine neosporosis is estimated at $35,000,000 per year in California, USA, and $100,000,000 (Australian) per year in Australia and New Zealand.13 Per herd losses in a Canadian herd of 50 cattle are estimated more conservatively at $2,305 (Canadian) annually.4 Up to date practical measures to reduce losses from neosporosis in cattle have not been achieved. There is no chemotherapy available and, although progress has been made toward understanding immunity to Neospora infections, no efficacious vaccine is available to limit outbreaks or prevent abortions. Vaccine development to prevent N. caninum abortion and congenital infection remains a high research priority. To this end, our research group has over the past decade: 1) Identified the importance of T-lymphocyte-mediated immunity, particularly IFN-γ responses, as necessary for immune protection to congenital neosporosis in mice,1,2,10,11 and 2) Identified MHC class II restricted CD4+ CTL in Neosporainfected Holstein cattle,16 and 3) Identified NcSRS2 as a highly conserved surface protein associated with immunity to Neospora infections in mice and cattle.7,8,15 In this BARD-funded 12 month feasibility study, we continued our study of Neospora immunity in cattle and successfully completed T-lymphocyte epitope mapping of NcSRS2 surface protein with peptides and bovine immune cells,15 fulfilling objective 1. We also documented the importance of immune responses NcSRS2 by showing that immunization with native NcSRS2 reduces congenital Neospora transmission in mice,7 and that antibodies to NcSRS2 specifically inhibition invasion of placental trophoblasts.8 Most importantly we showed that T-lymphocyte responses similar to parasite infection, namely induction of activated IFN-γ secreting Tlymphocytes, could be induced by subunit immunization with NcSRS2 peptides containing the Neospora-specificCTLepitopes (Baszler et al, In preparation) fulfilling objective 2. Both DNA and peptide-based subunit approaches were tested. Only lipopeptide-based NcSRS2 subunits, modified with N-terminal linked palmitic acid to enhance Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 (TLR2-TLR1), stimulated robust antigen-specific T-lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-γ secretion, and serum antibody production across different MHC-IIhaplotypes. The discovery of MHC-II cross-reactive T-cellinducing parasite peptides capable of inducing a potentially protective immune response following subunit immunization in cattle is of significant practical importance to vaccine development to bovine neosporosis. In addition, our findings are more widely applicable in future investigations of protective T-cell, subunit-based immunity against other infectious diseases in outbred cattle populations.
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Randall, Luke. - EU Harmonised Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in E. coli from Retail Meats in UK (2020 - Year 6, chicken). Food Standards Agency, novembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.phi798.

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In accordance with European Directive 2003/99/EC on the monitoring of bacteria that can pass from animals to humans and cause disease, Member States are obliged to ensure that procedures are in place to monitor and report on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in such bacteria. The UK continued to be subject to EU rules during the transition period up to the end of December 2020. The requirements state that 300 retail chicken meats should be tested by culture for the bacterium Escherichia coli. E. coli bacteria are a normal part of the gut flora of mammals and as such can be useful “indicators” of AMR in gut bacteria. Whilst some strains of E. coli can cause disease, most strains of E. coli do not cause observable disease in healthy animals and humans. Addressing the public health threat posed by AMR is a national strategic priority for the UK, which has led to both a 20-year vision of AMR (Opens in a new window)and a 5-year (2019 to 2024) AMR National Action Plan (NAP)
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Turner, Paul, e John O'Brien. Review of the FSA’s research programme on food hypersensitivity. Food Standards Agency, junho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bka542.

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The overarching mission of the Food Standards Agency (FSA) is tothe ensure that food is safe, food is what it says it is and that consumers can make informed choices about what to eat. These are of central importance to consumers with food hypersensitivity(FHS).Food hypersensitivity (FHS) encompasses both immune-mediated food hypersensitivity (food allergy and coeliac disease) and non-immune food intolerances. FHS is a complex, multifactorial disease of concern to multiple stakeholders including consumers with FHS, their families, clinicians, regulatory agencies and policy makers, scientists, food manufacturers and food business operators. It affects around 5-8% of children and 2-3% of adults in the UK, and although rare, can be fatal. Public concern over FHS has grown in recent years. In the UK and elsewhere, food recalls due to the presence of undeclared allergens feature predominantly in food alerts; legislation over food labelling has become clearer, and consumers and producers are more aware of FHS. The FSA has been a major funder of research into FHS for over 2 decades, and the outputs of the research programme has had significant impacts at a national and global scale, most notably in the area of the prevention of FHS in children and the presence of declared and undeclared allergens in food products. Strengthening protections for consumers with FHS is a top priority for the FSA. The FSA has established a Food Hypersensitivity Programme Board to oversee and coordinate its work in this area. The working group was tasked with reviewing the research into FHS supported by the Food Standards Agency to date, and prioritising those priority areas where the current scientific evidence is limited and therefore should be a focus for future research investment. The aim –to make the UK the best country in the world for consumers with food hypersensitivity.
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Lamarque, Hugh. Key Considerations: Cross-Border Dynamics between Uganda and Rwanda in the Context of the Outbreak of Ebola, 2022. SSHAP, novembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.044.

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This brief summarises key considerations concerning cross-border dynamics between Uganda and Rwanda in the context of the 2022 outbreak of Ebola (Sudan Virus Disease, SVD) in Uganda. It is part of a series focusing on at-risk border areas between Uganda and four high priority neighbouring countries: Rwanda; Tanzania; Kenya; and South Sudan. The outbreak began in Mubende, Uganda on 19 September 2022, approximately 300 kilometres from the Uganda-Rwanda border. At the time of writing (November 2022) it has spread to nine Ugandan districts, including two in the Kampala metropolitan area. Kampala is a transport hub, with a population over 3.6 million. While the global risk from SVD remains low according to the World Health Organization, its presence in the Uganda capital has significantly heightened the risk to regional neighbours. Rwanda is categorised as Priority 1, with significant preparedness activities underway. As of November 2022, there had been no case of SVD imported from Uganda into Rwanda, although alerts have been triggered at border posts. This brief provides details about cross-border relations, the political and economic dynamics likely to influence these, and specific areas and actors most at risk. It is based on a rapid review of existing published and grey literature, news reports, previous ethnographic research in Rwanda and Uganda, and informal discussions with colleagues from Save the Children, UNICEF, UNECA, UNDP, IOM, TBI, and the World Bank. It was requested by the Collective Service, written by Hugh Lamarque (University of Edinburgh) and supported by Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica. It was reviewed by colleagues from Save the Children, Anthrologica, the Institute of Development Studies and the Collective Service. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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