Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Prévention numérique"
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Capatina-Papaghiuc, Daniela. "Contribution à la prévention de phénomènes de verrouillage numérique". Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3016.
Texto completo da fonteBortolotti, Rosa Maria. "Jeunesses populaires en ligne : la relation éducative à l’épreuve des paniques numériques. Le cas de la Prévention Spécialisée". Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1220.
Texto completo da fonteIn an increasingly digitalized society where digital tools and social networks are widely used by popular youth, “moral panics” find a new field of application. Naivety, dangerousness, screen addiction, technological illiteracy, search for buzz through filmed fights, provocation, obesity: as many repressed representations which are being reactivated. This thesis questions the relationship between digital technology and young people in situations of social vulnerability and the socio-educational professionals who accompany them. Carried out in a sensitive territory in Île de France*, through an ethnographic approach (physical and virtual), this thesis is the result of three years of field work (2019-2022) carried out with around thirty professionals in the field of Specialized Prevention and around sixty young people, aged 12 to 23, accompanied by street educators. We analyse the representations of these professionals on the digital practices of young people, in particular regarding digital social networks, and confront them with the digital uses of the former. Firstly, we note the prevalence, in the sector, of negative vision of the digital practices of young people, relating to a phenomenon that we describe as “digital panic”. Secondly, we question this “digital panic” by retracing the digital lives of young people. We underline that “popular online youth” use digital social networks to flourish, develop a cultural practice and above all maintain friendships, even if their digital practices are part of situated social relationships. Finally, we explore the different digital practices of a certain number of professionals who, rejecting “digital panic”, are investing in the juvenile digital world. The new digital sociabilities are experienced here as a “digital test” which invites them to update their guidance methods and to develop what we call a “digitalized educational relationship”. This thesis aims to demonstrate that traditionally pessimistic discourses towards working-class youth, which are rooted in a concern towards any new cultural practice, reflect on the methods of educational support for their digital practices
Oliveira, Souza Karine Christiane De. "Simulation numérique de la gestion de mla qualité de l'eau et de la décontamination bactériologique : simulation numérique de prévention du risque des légionelloses". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX22055.
Texto completo da fonteXe présent a study of the annular UV reactors which belong to a complex system whose behavior is dominated by the hydrodynamics 3D flows of turbulent viscous fluids. For this study, complete models of UV radiation were used. The equations of these models depend on physical characteristics of UV lamp, geometry of the reactors and characteristics of water. The work carried out in this thesis concerns the complete numerical modeling of a system of disinfection of water by annular UV reactors, particularly applied to the combatof Legionella. We studied the prameters which influence the hydrodynamic behavior for better understanding the consequences on UV disinfection and integration between the hydrodynamics of the fluids, the UV radiation models and the kinetics of inactivation of the bacteria
Leroy, Alexandre. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des dépôts de givre discontinus sur les voilures en flèche d'aéronefs". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF21535.
Texto completo da fonteNmira, Fatiha. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de l'interaction entre un feu et un brouillard d'eau". Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11047.
Texto completo da fonteAn Eulerian-Eulerian two-model is developed to describe the interactions between a thermoplastic fire and a polydisperse spray. The dispersed phase is described by the droplet size moment method which is able to capture the polydisperse nature of the spray flow without segregation into droplet size classes. Applied to two configurations, this model is used to study the influence that the main characteristics of the water spray have on the fire mitigation and/or extinction, due to a cessation of the pyrolysis process. In the first configuration, axisymmetric, model results reveal the role of the spray polydispersity on the time for extinguishment. Optimum spray characteristics such as the Sauter mean radius and water flow rate are then determined. The second configuration is three-dimensional and concerns the mitigation of a ventilated tunnel fire with water mist. The results show that the spray efficiency is mainly related to the droplet dynamics and that extinction occurs during the transient phase of the fire/water spray interaction at high water flow rate. This transient phase is then followed by a steady state where fire mitigation exhibits an asymptotic behavior with increasing water flow rate
Biollay, Hervé. "Contribution à la simulation numérique d'un incendie en tunnel par un modèle de champ". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10041.
Texto completo da fonteJezierski, Théo. "L'acceptabilité sociale d'un outil numérique de prévention des inondations : l'influence de la perception du risque et de la perception de contrôle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nîmes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NIME0009.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the design of a digital flood prevention tool. Our work has two objectives: to determine the psychological levers that can be used to improve the tool's a priori social acceptability, and to evaluate the tool's effectiveness once it has been designed. We are meeting these objectives through three studies. In the first, we use Goal Frame Theory to determine which major motivation is the most important - with regard to perceptions of risk and control - for improving the acceptability of the application. Our results show that normative motivation, which focuses on collective aspects, is the most effective in getting individuals to use the tool. Furthermore, the perception of risk remains a good predictor of the tool's acceptability. Next, with the aim of being able to specifically measure individuals' perception of flood control, we validated an adaptation of the Spheres of Control scale. Our analyses show a correct factor structure in three factors: Flood Control, Personal Control, Controllable Nature. We can therefore use it in our latest study on the evaluation of the digital tool. In a three-stage pre/post study (before - after - 2 weeks after), we measure the effect of the tool on participants' perceptions of risk and control. We also compared the tool with a video on climate risk used as a control group. Our results indicate that participants' knowledge and perception of flood control increased more than the control group after using the tool. However, our study appears to be very expensive, which may have biased our other results.This thesis enabled us to understand that Framework Goal Theory - which had never been used in the field of risk - can be a good predictor of acceptability when accompanied by risk perception. This work led to the creation of a specific insert within the tool to reinforce their motivation to use it. We also showed that the tool could improve people's knowledge and perceptions of the behaviours they should adopt to prevent flooding
Lenfant, Victoire. "La lutte anti-contrefaçon de l’industrie du luxe, à l’ère du numérique et des nouvelles technologies". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67327.
Texto completo da fonteOur master's dissertation deals with the fight against counterfeiting in the luxury industry, apprehended in a digital context where the scourge of counterfeiting is reaching its peak. However, this work does not deal with counterfeiting in general but focuses more specifically on the phenomenon of online counterfeiting products from the luxury industry. With regard to the scope of this research project, it will not be a matter of making a comparative law analysis but of focusing on French law, which is the law required in the face of a predominantly French luxury goods industry. In spite of the numerous foreign elements due to certain international actors involved in the fight, such as online intermediaries, customs services and foreign intellectual property offices, this subject will be territorially limited to France. The research objectives are to understand why luxury brands fail to counter this phenomenon. This phenomenon, far from declining, is on the contrary intensifying. What are the causes, difficulties and what solutions can be found to fight more effectively against online counterfeiting?
Roblin, Simon. "Etude numérique de l'auto-inflammation des solides par simulation numérique directe : application au polyméthacrylate de méthyle". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESMA0023/document.
Texto completo da fonteFire propagation on the scale of buildings and cities is a major stake. It is conditioned by the ignition of solid fuels in rooms adjacent to the one where the disaster originally takes place. The ignition is so piloted by the initiation of the combustion reaction of the gaseous mixture stemming from the thermal decomposition of the condensed phase induced by heat transfer.Two types of ignition are defined in the literature: piloted-ignition related to the presence of a hot spot and auto-ignition resulting from the thermal runaway within the gas phase. The auto-ignition plays a major role in the context of fire spread between rooms. However, this process has been very little experimentally studied, because of its complexity, and only theoretical analyses were lead concerning the phenomena which take place during solid fuels auto ignition.The aim of the present study is to characterize auto-ignition regimes according to various solid typologies (regarding to thermal and kinetic behaviour) in order to understand better their processes and their occurrence conditions. Thereby, this fine understanding allows to develop global models of fire spread for a deterministic consideration of the fire hazards at urban scale.The brief and local character of the auto-ignition requires the choice of a complete resolution for flows, transfers and chemistry. Thus, the Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) was selected to capture the phenomena, with the introduction of a fine and non-infinitely fast chemistry of thermal decomposition and combustion
Duny, Mathieu. "Etudes numérique et expérimentale des phénomènes de propagation d'un incendie le long d'une façade". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESMA0020/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn order to enhance the energy efficiency of buildings, the facades are becoming more sophisticated in both their configurations and compositions. However, the amount of fuel of these new facades is much higher than that of traditional facades. Therefore, the risk of fire spread through the facade is more important. Thus, the objective of this work is to model the fire development inside and outside of a building, taking into account different configurations and facade compositions. This experimental and numerical research has identified the parameters that increase or decrease the risk of fire spread via the façade. First, after verifying the capacity of the FDS code to model the parietal flames, a numerical study that examines the influence of the geometry of a facade fire spread was completed. Indeed, the various phenomena related to openings dimensions and / or configurations of the façade have been identified. It was therefore possible to analyze their influence on the risk of fire spread along the façade using quantities such as the heat released outside the building, the flame height and thermal actions (temperature, fluxes). Among the configurations studied are contained more or less complex geometries that can be encountered on the buildings. For example, multiple openings or "U" configurations were investigated in order to study the influence of the chimney effect on the extension of flames. Indeed, this type of configuration has already been the cause of the rapid spread fire through walls regardless of their compositions. Subsequently, an experimental study on fire spread along a combustible wall was realized with two goals. First, a series of tests was performed in order to observe propagation phenomena on a combustible façade and to collect experimental data to validate propagation models and numerical simulations in this situation. Secondly, another experimental campaign was used to study the influence of the presence of a ventilation air gap between the cladding and the wall on the spread of fire. This latter is widely used in the construction of facades. This research, both academic and applicative, has provided new information on the fire development and fire behavior along a façade, combustible or not. The numerical results demonstrate the various parameters governing the development of a fire along a façade, which facilitates the understanding of phenomena related to this issue. In addition, various tests can be used as a database for the modeling of fire spread along a combustible wall. Thus, this work contributes to the development of models of fire development and spread on buildings via the façade
Demouge, François. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique de la stratification des fumées dans le cas d'un incendie en tunnel routier". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10102.
Texto completo da fonteMasmoudi, Mariam. "Prévention des attaques de confiance en temps réel dans l'IoT social". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30302.
Texto completo da fonteThe social IoT is a new paradigm that enhances the navigability of IoT networks and boosts service discovery by integrating social contexts. Nonetheless, this paradigm faces several challenges that reduce its performance quality. Trust, particularly trust attacks, is one of the most significant challenges. Some users resort to malicious behaviors and launch attacks to propagate malicious services. A trust management mechanism has become a major requirement in Social IoT to prevent these attacks in real-time and ensure trustworthy experiences for end-users. However, few studies have addressed trust management issues to prevent trust attacks in Social IoT environments. Most studies have been conducted to detect offline attacks with or without specifying the type of attack performed. Moreover, they did not consider security properties, such as cryptography, transparency, and immutability, etc. In fact, we must continuously process transactions to prevent these attacks at the transaction generation level while maintaining security properties. For this, we compared the previously used techniques and technologies, whose common point is attack prevention in the SN and IoT areas. Based on these comparisons, we indicated that blockchain technology can assist in developing a trust management mechanism that can prevent trust attacks while maintaining security. For real-time prevention, we proposed the combination of a distributed stream processing engine, known as Apache Spark, with blockchain technology. Our choice is based on a comparison of open-source data-stream processing engines. As a result, we propose a new trust management mechanism, based on blockchain and Apache Spark. This mechanism permit to prevent in real-time all trust attack types performed by malicious nodes, in order to obtain a reliable environment. Experimentation made on a real data-set enable us to prove the performance of our proposition
Russo, Patrice. "Simulation numérique aux grandes échelles de la propagation du feu, en espace ouvert et confiné, représentative des incendies d'entrepôts". Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2292.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this work is to improve the understanding of fire spread at large scales within the rack storage in warehouses. The numerical tool used is FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), modified for the present case. It is based on the resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations appropriate for low Mach number and of the conservation equations of energy, mass and species. A mixture fraction model with infinitely fast chemistry schema is used for simulating the combustion. The equation of radiative transfer and a pyrolysis model obeying a simple Arrhenius relation are also been incorporated. The standard sub-grid scale model (Smagorinsky's model) is adopted in the LES (Large Eddy Simulator). At first, FDS is validated by comparing results from experiments of fires carried out in open and in confined spaces. This makes it possible to predict the principal characteristics of fire, such as the flame height above the top of the rack, the flame propagation rate, the radiative and convective fluxes. . . A preliminary study, based on the simulation of an area of a warehouse, determines the parameters supporting the progression of fire among the racks such as the height of the ceiling. Finally, the simulation of a whole warehouse under various configurations, provides detail informations (powers released by the fire. . . ) on the way a fire is propagates in the presence of a large number of racks
Jeanningros, Hugo. "Conduire numériquement les conduites : économie comportementale, objets connectés et prévention dans l’assurance privée française". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL115.
Texto completo da fonteThe Insurance’s ability to shape and distribute risks and responsibilities relies on the exploitation of multiple sources of data. The large amount of information produced in the digital era can be mobilized in order to reconfigure the relationship between the insurers and the insureds. Behavioral insurance, which builds on the tracking and valuation of the insured’s daily behavioral data, constitutes a striking and politically sensitive case, even though it is a poorly documented phenomenon. Building on a qualitative investigation and the deployment of an economic sociology of information, this research sheds light on the origins and the concrete functioning of behavioral insurance. The research shows the context of emergence of these products and the ways these are designed and implemented. If the wield of power by insurance is as old as the institution itself, it appears that the forms of this wielding are unprecedented. On the basis of behavioral economics theories and the shaping of an informational pipelines built on the uses of tracking devices, the promoters of behavioral insurance attempt to digitally conduct insured’s daily conducts, and to act as conductors of the alignment of individual, entrepreneurial and societal interests. Behavioral insurance is an uncompleted attempt of shaping an algorithmic governmentality
Craiem, Damian. "Développement et évaluation de nouveaux outils d'analyse géométrique 3D pour la prévention et le traitement des maladies aortiques". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB058/document.
Texto completo da fonteNew imaging technologies, including those associated with multislice computed tomography, allow to evaluate the structure of the thoracic aorta in 3D with an impressive resolution. Aortic virtual reconstruction and geometric modeling are essential for imaging evaluation because manual measurements are time-consuming, and the available tools still need to be adapted to complex aortic morphologies. The aorta is more than a simple tubular conduit vessel for blood. It also regulates the pulsatile pressure waves that are injected into the arterial system by the left ventricle. The biomechanical disorders produced by these waves can accelerate the formation of calcium deposits within the arterial wall. Furthermore, they are thought to be responsible for severe aortic complications, including aneurysms and dissections. Endovascular aortic repair is a modern technique based on the implantation of an endograft to restore the normal blood flow. Precise morphological measurements are required to improve this technique, for both surgery planning and patient follow up. Our objective was to develop original algorithms to study the aortic geometry in 3D. A computing platform was designed and tested to analyze three main aortic pathologies: calcified atherosclerosis, aneurysms and dissections. The hypothesis of our study was that the individual arterial geometry of a subject plays a complementary role in the development of vascular pathologies beyond traditional risk factors. Our first work revealed that 80% of the total geometric variability in the thoracic aorta might be explained using 3 factors: the aortic volume, the aortic arc unfolding and its asymmetry. Variability percentages accounted for 46%, 22% and 12%, respectively. The next 2 works, showed that calcifications in the thoracic aorta were concentrated in the aortic arch and in the proximal descending segment. This spatial distribution was associated with aortic morphology, independently of age, sex, body surface area and traditional risk factors. Our fourth article revealed that calcium deposits in the entire thoracic aorta (including the aortic arch) was associated with non-cardiac events, beyond the standard coronary artery calcium score. It is noteworthy that the aortic arch region is systematically excluded from standard scans. Our fifth manuscript described a novel deformable model applied to the aortic segmentation under pathological contexts. It was used to estimate the size and shape of abdominal aneurysms before and after endograft implantation. In the last work, this method was adapted to study the geometry of the thoracic aorta of patients with an aortic dissection with respect to a control group. Three anatomic variables were identified for the risk prediction model: the aortic arch diameter, the thoracic aortic length and the age of the patient. In conclusion, our results show that aortic diseases are closely associated with aortic geometry, independently from traditional risk factors. The developed algorithms improved the automation of measurements and reduced the variability of the estimations
Ribot, Bénédicte. "Modélisation numérique d'un système de ventilation d'un tunnel routier par une trappe de désenfumage dans le cas d'un incendie". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10195.
Texto completo da fonteLallement, Julien. "Modélisation et simulation numérique d’écoulements de films minces avec effet de mouillage partiel". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESAE0005/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe ice accretion on surfaces encountered in aeronautics (wings, nacelle lips, sensors)is considered as a major risk for aviation safety. The consequences observed are the degradationof the aerodynamic performances that can lead to the aircraft stall, disturbancesin the engines that can lead to flame out or clogging of the sensors. That is why aircraftmanufacturers are developing thermal protection systems against icing. The wateraccumulated on the surfaces thus remains in the liquid state and forms a thin film. Thedynamic properties (thickness, velocity and spreading) and thermal properties (temperature,evaporation rate) of the film in the presence of a sheared air flow make it possible apotential refreezing of the water film on unprotected surfaces (”runback ice” phenomena).Since flight or wind tunnel tests are generally expensive and difficult to set up, numericalsimulation has become an effective and complementary tool to design these systems. Themain purpose of this thesis is to develop a model integrated in a numerical tool to predictthe transport of liquid water on a surface which might take the form of a film, a rivulet ora droplet. An integral approach based on a shallow water type model is adopted. It makesit possible to describe the macroscopic dynamics of a three-dimensional liquid film onrealistic configurations and within reasonable computing times compared to a full Navier-Stokes computation. An extended formulation is proposed, it corresponds to a second orderdifferential system and thus allows to use arbitrary surface meshes. Contrary to modelsavailable in the literature, the one proposed in this manuscript has the advantage of takinginto account capillary and wetting phenomena without validity limit in term of staticcontact angle. An energy conservation equation ensuring the thermodynamic consistencyof the calculated solutions is derived from the extended model governing fluid dynamics.A Finite Volume discretization of the system is proposed. Numerical simulations validatethe model for both static and dynamic academical wetting configurations. The transitionof a continuous film into rivulets is also simulated
Lindquist, Claudio. "Contrôle électromagnétique d'écoulements : études expérimentale et numérique sur le forçage d'écoulements initialement au repos et en tunnel hydrodynamique". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00097976.
Texto completo da fonteKacem, Ahmed. "Modélisation numérique de la pyrolyse en atmosphères normalement oxygénée et sous-oxygénée". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4708/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe pyrolysis rate is a key parameter controlling fire behavior, which in turn drives the heat feedback from the flame to the fuel surface. In the present study an in–depth pyrolysis model of a semi–transparent solid fuel with spectrally–resolved radiation and a moving gas/solid interface was coupled with the CFD code ISIS. A combined genetic algorithm/pyrolysis model was used with Cone Calorimeter data from a pure pyrolysis experiment to estimate a unique set of kinetic parameters for PMMA pyrolysis. In order to validate the coupled model, ambient air flaming experiments were conducted on square slabs of PMMA. From measurements at the center of the slab, it was found that the experimental regression rate becomes almost constant with time, and that the radiative contribution to the total heat flux remains almost constant. Coupled model results show a fairly good agreement with the literature and with current measurements. Nevertheless, the flame heat flux feedback at the edges of the slab is underestimated. Predicted flame heights based on a threshold temperature criterion were found to be close to those deduced from the correlation of Heskestad. Finally, in order to predict the pyrolysis of PMMA under reduced ambient oxygen concentration, a two–step chemical reaction and a flammability diagram for flame extinction was used. Model results are compared with data obtained in the experimental facility CADUCEE for ambient oxygen concentrations of 18.2 and 19.5%. Data show that the total mass loss rate and flame temperature decrease with the oxygen concentration, which is well reproduced by the model
Morand, Ophélie. "Hyperconnexion numérique au travail : de la compréhension des activités et vécus à la transformation par le théâtre-forum". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT035.
Texto completo da fonteDigital connection is essential in today's working world. It allows workers to be fast, efficient and to access a wide range of information. Since 2016, french labour law requires companies to initiate negotiations on the “right to disconnect” for their employees. Indeed, many studies show the risks of extended connection and the consequences of overuse of communication technologies on employees’ wellbeing, work/life balance and collective organization. This awareness of the need for effective regulation of the connection led us to conduct this thesis in ergonomic psychology in three phases. First, we focus on connection practices and uses of technologies in a large company through a quantitative study (questionnaire). We then focus on the actual activity and the lived experiences of connection using Explicitation Interviews with employees (Vermersch, 1994). The aim was to get a first-person perspective to define the elements that lead to what might be termed "over-connection" (a connection that is subjectively experienced as too painful or distressing). The third part explored the effects of the creation of a deliberation space (based on forum-theater technics) on the regulation of collective connection.In conclusion, we propose a discussion about the contributions of this thesis to connection at work knowledge and to the forum-theater method effects, about the perspectives of this work and recommendations for limiting over-connection and developing discussion forums in the companies
Cremona, Pierre. "Caractérisation expérimentale et numérique des scenarii de feu impliquant un conduit de fumée d'appareils de combustion bois". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0023/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe structural evolution of residential buildings due to thermal, environmental regulations and roll out of the Construction Products Regulation generate major challenge for chimney manufacturers, in particular with regard to the safety of residents during a fire. Two fire resistance scenarios are eloquent in European Regulations: the one associated with the development of fire in the room where the chimney is located and the last reported on the development of fire in the chimney itself, by ignition of the deposits. In both cases, the chimney must not be a vector for propagating fire to adjacent rooms and combustible materials. In this context, the present study aims to characterize the main thermal transfers involved in the two scenarios and to better understand the kinetics of formation, decomposition, ignition and combustion of the deposits within the chimney. To do this, an experimental and numerical approach was adopted. The experimental part allows to determine the chemical characteristics (elemental and chemical analyzes) and thermo-physical characteristics (density, conductivity, effusivity and thermal capacity, porosity, calorific value) of 24 residues from real installations or created in laboratory under representative conditions of combustion. These residues are then studied in thermogravimetric analyzers (TGA) and Cone Calorimeters in order to determine the thermal decomposition steps as well as the flammability and combustibility properties, in cases of piloted and auto-ignition. A consequent database of the set of properties has then been generated. A fire-resistant furnace (according to EN 1366-13) allowed the study of the chimney participation in the propagation of fire from one room to another, through the measurement of temperature fields, above the ceiling. The tests allow the acquisition of data essential to the definition of the initial conditions and the limits necessary for the development and the validation of a numerical model developed under Fluent. This model describes heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation. It makes possible to estimate the temperature level on the outer wall of the chimney above the furnace, which is required in the EI performance declaration tests according to EN 1366-13, regardless of the configuration of the chimney (diameter, materials...). The results obtained correspond to the need for Poujoulat, whose challenge is to have an experimental and numerical tool for the development of fire-resistant chimney and a database relating to deposits in order to advise the habitants
Nguyen, Khac Tien. "Dégradation thermique de matériaux solides poreux exposés au feu - Simulation numérique avec prise en compte des processus chimiques et mécanismes de transfert". Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2344.
Texto completo da fonteThe description of the degradation of solids is crucial in the numerical simulation of a fire, the pyrolysis gases constituting the combustible source. It is important to describe with accuracy these processes, according to the ambient conditions. However, the couplings between chemical reactions and mechanisms of mass and heat transports strongly modify the behavior of the fire.The objective of this work is to predict the macroscopic behavior of the thermal decomposition of solid fuel by numerical simulation. The intrinsic properties of the material, among which a chemical model including a reactive scheme and the associated thermochemical parameters stemming from small-scale experiment are considered as well as the transport mechanisms and the limiting effects that they can introduce. The comportment of the material is then predicted for geometrical configurations and arbitrary scenarios of exposure. The specific tool developed during this Ph-D is based on a description on the Darcy scale. It has in the future to be coupled with a global code of simulation of the fire, so that the conditions undergone by every exposed solid element would be described whereas the prediction of the fire evolution fire would depend on the behavior of the materials supplied by the present module.A set of applications is presented for two wooden materials, featuring different reactive schemes, with sequential or competitive reactions. The configurations and the examined scenarios correspond to normalized tests under cone calorimeter, and a comparison between the numerical and experimental results is made
Clement, Cécile. "Le rôle du fluide dans la liquéfaction sismique : étude théorique, numérique et expérimentale". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH017/document.
Texto completo da fonteSail liquefaction happens during important earthquakes in water-saturated zones and can make the buildings sink in the soil. A new model explaining many occurences of liquefaction we cannot understand yet is presented in this paper. A new analytical model of granular medium, with a sphere representing a building, has been developed. A horizontal oscillation is applied on the medium. The penetration rate of the sphere then caracterizes the liquefaction state of the modeled soil. We suppose that liquefaction happens when the shaking makes the grains slide against one another. The interval of acceleration allowing this sliding depends on the water height in the medium, on the friction coefficient and on the material density. Experiments and numerical simulations have been carried out. They confirmed our previous predictions, they caracterize the micromecanics of liquefied media, they explain the penetration speed of the sphere and they suggest perspectives to study quicksands
Berger, Mathilde. "Co-conception d’un dispositif numérique de soutien à l’autogestion de l’activité physique et de la douleur pour les personnes souffrant de lombalgie chronique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10270.
Texto completo da fonteChronic low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and has a significant impact on quality of life of those affected. International guidelines recommend active treatments based on promoting physical activity, reducing sedentary behavior, and supporting self-management. Despite the validity of these recommendations, long-term adherence is complex and relapses are common. Mobile health technologies, also known as mHealth, offer new opportunities to support people with this condition. However, existing devices have several limitations in terms of content, effectiveness, and acceptability. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to co-design an mHealth device to support the self-management of physical activity and pain for people with chronic low back pain. To achieve this, special attention is given to motion sensors, particularly accelerometers, which could be integrated into such devices. First, the use of these sensors to measure physical activity in this population is reviewed in the literature. The results of the measurements of physical activity obtained with these devices are also reviewed. Second, the capacity of accelerometers to differentiate specific physical activity variables is tested. Third, the needs of both people with chronic low back pain and healthcare professionals are explored to provide design recommendations for an mHealth focused on the needs of this population. Finally, the development stages of an initial prototype that addresses the previously identified needs are detailed. The results of this thesis highlight the opportunities and challenges associated with the development of mHealth technologies to support the self-management of physical activity and pain in people with chronic low back pain. These findings will make it possible to initiate the development of a device tailored to the specific needs of this population
Nkondjock, Corinne. "Les usages du numérique dans la prise en charge et la prévention des affections de longue durée en France : les perceptions du changement du point de vue des consommateurs de soins et des professionnels de santé. Une communication à double vitesse ?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0036/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn recent years we have observed an increase in chronic illnesses in French soil, resulting in a significant growth in health expenses. In fact, such chronic diseases often lead to degradation in the quality of life of patients and necessitate longer treatment times. Some even face treatment for life. Chronic illnesses are "long-term illnesses that, as a general rule, develop slowly. Causing 63% of deaths, chronic illnesses (congenital heart diseases, strokes, cancer, Chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes...) are the number one cause of mortality in the world. Out of the 36 million people who died from chronic illnesses in 2008, 29% were less than 60 years old and half were women" (World Health Organization).We consider communication to be at the heart of human social life, and we begin with the assumption that it is thanks to communication that changes occur. If communication is effective, then the change that is undertaken has more chances of success. The concept of communication is understood here in the general sense as the sharing of information. Hence, communication constitutes the zone of sharing that exists between two human beings. In other words, it is the combination of messages that are shared between people. We think that these messages can be conscious or unconscious. Since the latter plays a higher role, it is without a doubt what makes human relationships more complex, particularly those relationships in the professional realm. We will thus attempt to illustrate in this dissertation the different aspects of communication through case studies.We also think that there is no societal life without communication. The exchange of information is therefore necessary. For the individual, communication has two main goals: on the one hand to obtain something from the other and on the other hand to be known or even to be recognized as a being.Therefore, the interest of this paper is to shed a neutral perspective on the behavior of participants in health services, including professionals and patients, in the face of a health sector that appeals to information technologies within economic constraints. The research work will be based at once on scientific data from the fields of communication and management, as well as on clinical audits, auto-evaluations, observations and interviews in the medical-social sector and the public health sector. Our thesis has evolved thanks to the contribution of several facilities on which different case studies are based. The first one is situated within the institution témoin 1, a medical-social institution that provides services for the prevention and treatment of addiction. This case study is carried out through a comparative survey conducted in a hospital in Seine-et-Marne, described under the name of institution témoin 3. We set up interviews with the healthcare professionals and managers of two institutions, as well as a survey on the changes. The second case study takes place in the context of clinical audits at two retirement homes in Franche-Comté, referred to here as EHPAD 1 and EHPAD 2. Our role was to audit the practices of healthcare professionals, on the basis of observations and interviews. We developed recommendations as a group and organized training sessions with local managers and volunteer healthcare professionals. As for the third case study, it takes place within a « groupement de coopération sanitaire » specialized in the field of diabetes and chronic illnesses, the GCS Diapason. The latter brings together several organizations and we examined in particular a hospital facility named here as témoin 2
Dong, Huy Quang. "Evaluation du risque d'inflammation des fumées riches dans un milieu confiné sous-ventilé à l'aide de la simulation numérique". Phd thesis, ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechique - Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954471.
Texto completo da fonteAguilar, Boris. "Experimental study and numerical modeling of accretion phenomena of snow particles at the origin of the formation of accretions on aeronautical structures or civil engineering". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0003.
Texto completo da fonteTo ensure safe flight under snowy conditions, aircraft manufacturers must demonstrate that each engine and its air inlet system can operate throughout the flight power range of the engine (including idling) in both falling and blowing snow conditions. This study is part of an effort to develop models for snow accretion.To establish the starting framework of this work on the modeling of snow icing, Chapter 1 is dedicated to a literature review organized in three parts. In the first part, the different processes of snow creation in the atmosphere are detailed in order to define the snow that will be studied here. In a second part, a literature review on the modelling of ice crystals icing is conducted and constitutes the starting point of this work from the modeling point of view. Finally, a third part relates the current experimental means to measure the snow conditions and the associated advantages and disadvantages.In the chapter 2 we study drag models adapted to the case of snowflakes for calculating particle trajectories. As mentioned in the state of the art, the classical models developed for non-spherical particles are proving sufficiently accurate for ice crystals. The aim here is twofold. Firstly, to check that the models valid for ice crystals are still valid for snowflakes, which are in fact aggregates of particles, much larger and of complex geometric shape. Secondly, the drag models proposed must be compatible with the type of input data. For example, at the end of a flight test campaign, particles can only be described using 2D images, a far cry from a complete and detailed 3D description of the snowflake. In light of the level of accuracy of the input data used to describe the particle, the aim of this chapter is to propose drag models based on a simple and limited geometric description of snowflakes.The chapter 3 is the equivalent of Chap. 2 for adapting heat and mass transfer models for snowflakes. The melting process of a snowflake transported by a hot air flow is studied. Once again, the requirement is twofold. Firstly, to check whether the models developed for ice crystals can be easily extended to the case of snowflakes. Secondly, to propose models for which the complexity of the input data is compatible with the level of accuracy of the databases. As a reminder, 3D descriptions of snowflakes are scarce and difficult to obtain. In many cases, a single 2D image of the particle from a flight test campaign is available. In this chapter, particular emphasis is placed on describing the particle's bulk density, and in particular its evolution during the melting process. In fact, bulk density can vary widely, from a few kg/m3 for the dry particle to 997 kg/m3 for the water droplet resulting from the melting process.At the end of the Chapters 2 and 3, models were proposed for the trajectory of the flakes and for monitoring the melting process. It is thus possible to estimate the location of the impact and the amount of water carried by the flakes. The next physical step concerns the accretion of snow particles. Experimental data will be used to validate or improve the ice crystal accretion models. To our knowledge, no database dealing with snow accretion under aeronautical conditions has been made available so far in the literature. It is in this concept that, this chapter deals with the design and the realization of such "snow" accretion tests. A first comparison with the numerical simulations of the ONERA icing code IGLOO2D will also be proposed
Desanghere, Sylvain. "Détermination des conditions d'échauffement de structure extérieure à un bâtiment en situation d'incendie". Phd thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAM0010.
Texto completo da fonteDesanghere, Sylvain. "Détermination des conditions d'échauffement de structure extérieure à un bâtiment en situation d'incendie". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00117465.
Texto completo da fonteUn outil de simulation numérique avancé a été mis en oeuvre pour étudier les paramètres principaux affectant les caractéristiques des flammes extérieures. Cette tâche a nécessité au préalable la prise en main et le développement d'un modèle CFD de simulation numérique du feu, ainsi que sa validation sur des cas expérimentaux de complexité croissante. A l'étude numérique de la sortie de flammes d'un local en feu est venue s'ajouter une partie expérimentale concernant l'effet du vent sur les flammes extérieures.
L'étude des flammes extérieures a permis de procéder à la vérification et à l'extension d'une méthode de calcul simplifiée destinée à prédire les conditions d'échauffement des éléments de structure situés à l'extérieur des bâtiments. L'application pratique de ce travail a consisté à regrouper dans un nouveau modèle global les résultats obtenus à partir de la synthèse bibliographique et des études numériques et expérimentales.
Naulin, Jean-Marc. "Simulations numériques et analyse mathématique de modèles de viroses dans des populations structurées". Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12454.
Texto completo da fonteHostache, Renaud. "Analyse d’images satellitaires d’inondations pour la caractérisation tridimensionnelle de l’alea et l’aide à la modélisation hydraulique". Paris, ENGREF, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002016.
Texto completo da fonteThe Thesis aims at deploying methods of flood satellite image analysis beyond 2D flood area delineation in order to estimate water levels and to help hydraulic modelling. Based on Raclot (2003) works with aerial photographs, which provide ±20cm mean uncertainty, the water level estimation method uses satellite RADAR images of flood and a fine DEM. The method is composed of two steps : i) flood cartography and analysis of image hydraulic relevance for water level estimation, ii) fusion between relevant information resulting from the image with a fine Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and constraining the water levels extracted from image by concepts of coherence with respect to a hydraulic flow through a plain. It provides water level estimations with a ±38cm mean uncertainty for a RADARSAT-1 image of a Mosel Flood (1997, France). In addition, validation works with an ENVISAT image of an Alzette river flood (Luxembourg, 2003) allowed us to calculate a Root Mean Square Error of 13 cm on the estimates of water levels. To help hydraulic modelling, the PhD aims at reducing equifinality thanks to satellite images of flood. To meet this aim, a "traditional" step of calibration thanks to hydrographs is completed by comparison between simulation results and flood extends or water levels extracted from images. To deals with calibration uncertainties, Monte-Carlo simulations have been used. In perspective, the results of the thesis imply great benefits for flood evolution forecasting after acquisition of flood satellite images because the use of these images as initial conditions or calibration data provide better-constrained models
Dakhlaoui, Mohamed. "Fonctionnement hydraulique des structures réservoirs pour l'assainissement pluvial : étude des dispositifs de diffusion d'eau et modélisation du couple drain-milieu poreux". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523271.
Texto completo da fontePresteau, Xuan. "Modélisation microphysique tridimentionnelle des dépôts de givre". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724453.
Texto completo da fonteBenazzouk, Louiza. "Approche du comportement dynamique d'un oxyde liquide dans un matériau composite autocicatrisant " MAC "". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984446.
Texto completo da fonteAissaoui, Khemies. "Amélioration de la prévision des affaissements dans les mines à l'aide des approches empiriques, numériques et analytiques". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL101N.
Texto completo da fonteThe surface movements due to underground mining (phenomenon of mining subsidence) are of very complex nature. The resulting damage on surface infrastructures varies according to the magnitude of these movements. The "Unité d'Exploitation Provence" of the "Houillères de Bassin du Centre et du Midi" (UEPHBCM), in France, uses an empirical method based on the NCB abacuses for the ground movements prediction. But, this method is limited to simple geological characteristics and to ruined areas of rectangular shapes. Thus, we propose and validate on various mines a new methodology of subsidence prediction. It results from a synthesis of analytical and empirical concepts, and data resulting from numerical_ modeling in two or three dimensions. The methodology takes into account the complex character of the mining subsidence phenomenon
Haouari, Harrak Samia. "Contributions à l'étude des écoulements de fumées dans un bâtiment en situation d'incendie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0014.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is devoted to the evaluation and improvement of zone models, used in fire safety engineering to simulate the smoke propagation in a building in a fire situation. It aims at improving the understanding of the smoke flow in a building. The PhD work is divided into two parts. The first part is essentially devoted to a bibliographical survey and an evaluation of the ability of a zone code CFAST, widely used in fire safety engineering, to simulate smoke flows in a building. Numerical results with CFAST are compared with the data of a real-scale experimental campaign carried out on a three-storey residential building. The second part, more academic, consists of studying the smoke flows in a building. Two phenomena are first studied, namely the smoke filling of a room, and the simultaneous filling and emptying of a naturally ventilated room. Zone models describing these phenomena are presented. Two experimental campaigns are conducted on reduced scale room models, in order to study the two phenomena and to evaluate and improve the zone models. Furthermore, numerical simulations with the CFD code FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) are performed to extend the study field of the smoke filling. Finally, improvements to the zone model are proposed. After studying the phenomena related to smoke flows in a single room, the smoke flows in a multi-compartment configuration, consisting of two rooms connected by a stairwell, are experimentally studied at the laboratory scale
Haouari, Harrak Samia. "Contributions à l'étude des écoulements de fumées dans un bâtiment en situation d'incendie". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0014/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is devoted to the evaluation and improvement of zone models, used in fire safety engineering to simulate the smoke propagation in a building in a fire situation. It aims at improving the understanding of the smoke flow in a building. The PhD work is divided into two parts. The first part is essentially devoted to a bibliographical survey and an evaluation of the ability of a zone code CFAST, widely used in fire safety engineering, to simulate smoke flows in a building. Numerical results with CFAST are compared with the data of a real-scale experimental campaign carried out on a three-storey residential building. The second part, more academic, consists of studying the smoke flows in a building. Two phenomena are first studied, namely the smoke filling of a room, and the simultaneous filling and emptying of a naturally ventilated room. Zone models describing these phenomena are presented. Two experimental campaigns are conducted on reduced scale room models, in order to study the two phenomena and to evaluate and improve the zone models. Furthermore, numerical simulations with the CFD code FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) are performed to extend the study field of the smoke filling. Finally, improvements to the zone model are proposed. After studying the phenomena related to smoke flows in a single room, the smoke flows in a multi-compartment configuration, consisting of two rooms connected by a stairwell, are experimentally studied at the laboratory scale
Blanchard, Elizabeth. "Modélisation de l'interaction entre un brouillard d'eau et un foyer en tunnel". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10103/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with the study of the phenomena involved when a water mist is sprayed in a tunnel fire environment. It relies on an extensive use of numerical simulations using the CFD code "Fire Dynamics Simulator". The first chapter of this thesis provides an overview of the tunnel fire characteristics and the phenomena involved when the water mist is sprayed. A bibliographical review on the research on tunnel fires with or without any mitigation system is conducted, allowing to outline the reason and the context for this research. In the second and third chapters, the computational tool undergoes testing. It is verified and validated based on comparison with analytical solutions and experimental cases of increasing complexity: from the laboratory scale for assessing one particular part of the water spray model (chapter 2) up to the tunnel scale (chapter 3). For the last case, the code validation makes use of the results of a reduced scale (1/3rd) tunnel fire test campaign conducted between 2005 and 2008. Once the validation is achieved, the computational tool is used intensively in the third chapter in order to improve the understanding of the interaction phenomena between water mist, tunnel longitudinal ventilation and fire. In particular, the water mist influence on the tunnel air flow is studied, the water mist heat contribution is quantified and the heat transfered to the droplets is identified. Furthermore, the CFD code is used to assess the impact of the longitudinal air velocity, the heat release rate and the water droplet size on the water mist efficiency. The last chapter illustrates how a CFD code can be used on a given situation, here a compartment fire test campaign, in order to foresee the interaction between the water mist, the smoke layer and the smoke extraction
Le, Tellier Bérenger. "Méthode d'évaluation des systèmes de retenue des enfants dans un environnement automobile". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD010.
Texto completo da fonteFollowing changes in Child Restraint System (CRS) regulation in July 2013, an experimental CRS evaluation campaign has been conducted. Then, it has been noticed that the situation amongst the youngest involved in side impact was particularly critical. An original methodology has been therefore developed in order to define the “best” energy absorption materials to use in child seats for head, shoulder and pelvis areas. A parametric study in which the restraint of each body segments was independently piloted has then been conducted. The aim was to minimize either regulatory criteria of Q0 and Q1 dummies, or biomechanical criteria based on Q0-6WOC hybrid model. Those recommendations have thereafter been applied to improve an existing child restraint system under side impact. First, it has been checked that resultant linear acceleration of the head and HPC criteria were below regulation limits. Second, Finite Element (FE) model of the optimized car seat has been created and validated in several dynamical steps. Third, both reference child restraint system and optimized child seat has been evaluated in side impact with Q0-6WOC hybrid model. Finally, it has been showed that technical changes helped to cut in half the biomechanical results
Chauvin, Rémi. "Un modèle unifié pour les phénomènes de givrage en aéronautique et les systèmes de protection thermiques". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0036/document.
Texto completo da fonteIcing has been identified as a serious issue since the start of aeronautics. Ice accretion onwings, due to supercooled droplets inside clouds, leads to severe degradation of aerodynamicperformances, among other undesirable effects. Therefore, aircraft manufacturers have sincea long time developed ice protection systems. As flight tests or wind tunnel experimentsare often complicated to implement and expensive, numerical modeling is an effective andcomplementary tool to design those systems. This thesis concerns the modeling of ice accretion, runback and thermal ice protectionsystems. It consists of seven chapters. The first one is dedicated to the presentation of theconcerns and the context. Then a three layer approach allowing to model in an unsteadyway ice accretion and runback is presented. Following three chapters deal with this modeldiscretization as well as a method to couple it with a thermal ice protection system model.Two last chapters are dedicated to numerical simulations showing the sake of the approachand the feasibility of a whole simulation of ice accretion on a heated or unheated surface
Ait, Ameur Katia. "Contributions à la simulation parallèle d’écoulements diphasiques et analyse de schémas volumes finis sur grille décalée". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS077.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, the most important contribution has consisted in the implementation of modern algorithms that are well adapted for modern parallel architectures, in an industrial software dedicated to nuclear safety studies, the Cathare code. This software is dedicated to the simulation of two-phase flows within nuclear reactors under nominal or accidental situations. This work represents in itself an important contribution in nuclear safety studies thanks to the reduction of the computational time and the better accuracy that it can provide for the knowledge of the state of nuclear power plants during severe accidents. A special effort has been made in order to efficiently parallelise the time variable through the use of the parareal algorithm. For this, we have first designed a parareal scheme that takes more efficiently into account the presence of multi-step time schemes. This family of time schemes can potentially bring higher approximation orders than plain one-step methods but the initialisation of the time propagation in each time window needs to be appropriately chosen. The main idea consists in defining a consistent approximation of the solutions involved in the initialisation of the time propagations, allowing to reach convergence with the desired accuracy. Then, this method has been succesfully applied on test cases that are representative of the numerical challenges for the simulation of two-phase flows in the context of nuclear safety studies. A second phase of our work has been to explore numerical methods that could handle better the numerical difficulties that are specific to two-phase flows with a lower computational cost. This part of the thesis has been devoted to the understanding of the theoretical properties of finite volume schemes on staggered grids such as the one used in the Cathare code. Staggered schemes are known to be more precise for almost incompressible flows in practice and are very popular in the thermal hydraulics community. However, in the context of compressible flows, their stability analysis has historically been performed with a heuristic approach and the tuning of numerical parameters. This question has been addressed by analysing their numerical diffusion operator that gives new insight into these schemes. For classical staggered schemes, the stability is obtained only in the case of constant sign velocities. We propose a class of linearly L 2 -stable staggered schemes and a class of entropic staggered schemes. These new classes are based on a carefully chosen numerical diffusion operator and are more adapted to two-phase flows where phasic velocities frequently change signs. These methods have been successfully applied in analytical cases (involving Euler equations) and we expect that the present developments will allow its use in more realistic and complex cases in the future, like the one of the simulation of two-phase flows within a nuclear reactor during an accidental scenario
Bennani, Lokman. "Modélisation bidimensionnelle de systèmes électrothermiques de protection contre le givre". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0037/document.
Texto completo da fonteLe givrage a depuis longtemps été identifié comme une problématique sérieuse dans le monde aéronautique.L’accrétion de givre, due à la présence de gouttelettes d’eau surfondue dans les nuages, dégrade les performances aérodynamiques et le rendement des entrées d’air parmi d’autres conséquences néfastes. Ainsi, les avionneurs sont sujets à des règles de certifications concernant la capacité à voler en conditions givrantes. Pour se faire, des systèmes de protection contre le givre sont utilisés. En raison de la complexité des phénomènes physiques mis en jeux, la simulation numérique constitue un atout lors de la phase de conception. Ce travail de thèse porte sur la modélisation et la simulation numérique des systèmes électrothermiques de protection contre le givre. Il s’articule autour de trois approches de modélisation, qui ont donné lieu au développement de trois modules. Deux d’entre eux sont dédiés à la simulation du transfert de chaleur dans le système et dans la glace (changement de phase). Le troisième est lié à la modélisation du comportement mécanique du givre atmosphérique avec fissuration. Ainsi, les propriétés mécaniques du givre atmosphérique sont revues de façon à pouvoir identifier les paramètres intervenant dans le modèle de fissuration. Ce modèle est ensuite utilisé pour étudier les mécanismes possibles de détachement du givre, qui ne sont à l’heure actuelle pas encore bien compris. Le but final de ce travail est de proposer une méthodologie de simulation couplée pour les systèmes électrothermiques de protection contre le givre. Ainsi, la faisabilité d’un calcul couplé thermique-fissuration avec prédiction de détachement de givre est présentée
Masbou, Matthieu. "LM-PAFOG : a new three-dimentional fog forecast model with parametrised microphysics". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730498.
Texto completo da fonteAhmed, Samar. "Numerical modeling of stress redistribution to assess pillar rockburst proneness around longwall panels : Case study of the Provence coal mine, France". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0248/document.
Texto completo da fonteRockburst is a violent explosion of rock that can occur in underground mines. In the current research, the main objective is to demonstrate the causes that may influence the rockburst proneness by using the numerical modeling tool. However, firstly, the pre-mining stress state and the induced stresses due to surrounding excavations have to be studied precisely. The Provence coal mine, where a rockburst took place in its shaft station that is surrounded by many longwall caving panels, has been chosen as a case study. A large-scale 3D numerical model has been constructed to include the shaft station area with its small-scale pillars and galleries, and the large-scale longwall panels with their accompanying goaf area. Many problems appeared while developing such large-scale numerical model, the first problem was the initialization of stress state at a large-scale, where the measured vertical stresses are in disagreement with the overburden weight, and the in-situ stresses are highly anisotropic. The second problem was the simulation of the goaf area accompanying longwall panels. The third problem was the assessment of pillars instability in terms of its strength/average stress ratio, and its volume. The Fourth problem was the assessment of rockburst proneness in the shaft station based on different rockburst criteria. Five methods were developed to initialize the heterogeneous pre-mining stress in the large-scale numerical model. These methods are based on the Simplex Method, which is mainly based on optimizing the difference between the in-situ measured stress values and the numerical stress values to develop stress gradients able to express the stress heterogeneity and compatible with the in-situ measurements. The method that is based on initiating the stress state with 3D stress gradients was found to be more efficient than the traditional method that is based on the horizontal-to-vertical stress ratios. Regarding the goaf simulation, three models were developed and implemented in the numerical model to express the mechanical behavior within the goaf area above longwall panels. Two of these models are based on an elastic behavior, and the third one is based on the strain-hardening elasto-plastic behavior that takes the consolidation phenomenon into consideration. It was found that the goaf area above longwall panels could reach up to 32 times the seam thickness, and the elastic modulus of caved area (the first few meters in the goaf area) did not exceed 220 MPa to fulfill the roof-floor convergence. But, with advance of the exploitation, this soft material consolidated under the pressure of the overlying strata. In case of critical and super-critical width, the vertical stress in the goaf area exceeded the overburden weight, and it increased up to 4 times the overburden weight on the rib-sides. The vertical stress increased in the shaft station pillars as a result of exploiting the nearby longwall panels. It was found that the pillar volume plays an important role in its stability. And, the strength/stress ratio was found to be insufficient to quantify the rockburst proneness in underground mines. Many rockburst criteria were implemented in the numerical model to assess the rockburst proneness. It was found that the criteria that are based on stress and strain changes were able to assess the rockburst proneness
Audebert, Maxime. "Approche expérimentale et modélisation du comportement au feu d'assemblages bois sous différents types de solliciations". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22086.
Texto completo da fonteThe knowledge of the behavior of structures under fire conditions is essential to control the risks during a fire. As timber is a combustible material, fire safety is of main importance for the development of its use in buildings. Although experimental and numerical studies exist in the literature, their number still limited regarding the variety of the configurations and the complexity of the mechanical behavior of the connections. Among the various structural components, the joints are characterized by a complex thermomechanical behavior due mainly to the geometrical configuration combining various materials (steel and timber). They govern the load-carrying capacity of the structure and its safety, as well in normal conditions as in fire situation. Due to their complex geometrical, physical and material configurations, the behavior of the connections in fire is one of the more difficult to predict. The development of generalized models requires the combination of research based both on the experimental results given by full scale tests and the development of sophisticated numerical models validated on these tests.The experimental results of tests realized on timber-to-timber and steel-to-timber connections used as a basis for the validation of the numerical models are presented. They concern tests of longitudinal and transversal tension and flexion under normal conditions and under standardized thermal actions. The thermomechanical analysis of the connections is made from two different three-dimensional meshings for the thermal and mechanical calculations. The thermal model is continuous to take account of the thermal continuity between the joint components. The mechanical model is discontinuous to consider the contact evolution between the joint components. The thermal model isused to predict the evolution of the temperature field inside the joint depending on the gas temperature. It is validated on the basis of measured temperatures during fire tests. The mechanical model is validated by comparison with the experimental results of joints in normal conditions. It allows the analysis of the distribution of stresses within the joints. The influence of various criteria to represent the mechanical behavior of timber is also studied. Finally, the thermomechanical model, based on previous both models, allowed to predict the behaviorof the tested connections in fire situation. The thermo-mechanical model is validated considering the fire resistance duration of some joints. This duration is defined by means of displacement-time curves obtained by the numerical model. The models showed a good capacity to simulate the failure times of the timber joints in fire situations. The application of the model gave the possibility to analyse the load distribution among the fasteners of the studied joints.The model developed in this work represents well the thermomechanical behavior of the tested connections. These developed and tested models can be used as general tool to analyze the behavior of a large variety of joint configurations to constitute a data base that can be used in safe and economic practice of fire engineering of wood joints
Kamtchueng, Foping Dolorès. "Enjeux des usages de dispositifs participatifs info communicationnels de programmes de prévention et promotion de la santé de reproduction des jeunes au Cameroun". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCH017.
Texto completo da fonteIn social engineering interventions, and typically in development , participation is presented as a lever, even a democratic and managerial ideal; moreover with the use of digital devices. U Report Cameroon follows this trend. By collecting, through its mobile telephone platform, the opinions of young people and adolescents on subjects such as sexual and reproductive health, this project provides for “effective and successful participation”. These logics idealizing participation and digital technology suggest that the realization of these projects goes without saying. Such linearity takes for granted the appropriation, by its actors, of the directives issued during the framing. But what about the “disenchantment” faced with the implementation gaps between what was planned and what is happening?To identify the stakes of these gaps, we combine multidisciplinary contributions mobilized in research on development, digital health and organization. Our vision of development is less marked by the deconstruction of the mechanisms for strengthening the Western model of well-being. It is viewed as a form of social change and internationalized public action; i.e. an object of study of the dynamics at work in the project ecosystem. Within this framework, social interactions take place between actors in the production driven by varied logics and strategies. Anything that contributes to conceptual shifts relating to the consideration of the device studied from “traveler model” to “organization” via “IAP” and “DISTIC”.This study focuses on gaps between what is achieved and what is planned for participation according to the 'participative norm', in the light of “rationalizations as a capacity for action”. The ACO/CCO articulation contributes to a multilevel analysis of the practices of the actors in the production chain, the structuring framework and the discourses. This crossed lens focused on the symbolic dimension of relationships to participation concretizes “methodological and interpretive eclecticism” and supports “empirical adequacy” in the interpretation of discursive, observational and written field data collected from December 2020 to August 2022.Between prevalence and interdependence, the respondents try to optimize their presence in the project ecosystem. They reinterpret the reference framework and the operational variations of the project, the ‘linkage notions’ at the center of the “hybrid” semiotic foci activated according to fluctuating expectations, values and motivations. Forms of ‘nuanced submission’ emerge, between resignation and rupture. This ‘dialectization-semiotization-redefinition triad’ questions the “rationalization in action” due to the dissonances between what is thought, what is said and what is done and makes the gaps in realization appear as gaps in translation and appropriation
Stroh, Rémi. "Planification d’expériences numériques en multi-fidélité : Application à un simulateur d’incendies". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC049/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe presented works focus on the study of multi-fidelity numerical models, deterministic or stochastic. More precisely, the considered models have a parameter which rules the quality of the simulation, as a mesh size in a finite difference model or a number of samples in a Monte-Carlo model. In that case, the numerical model can run low-fidelity simulations, fast but coarse, or high-fidelity simulations, accurate but expensive. A multi-fidelity approach aims to combine results coming from different levels of fidelity in order to save computational time. The considered method is based on a Bayesian approach. The simulator is described by a state-of-art multilevel Gaussian process model which we adapt to stochastic cases in a fully-Bayesian approach. This meta-model of the simulator allows estimating any quantity of interest with a measure of uncertainty. The goal is to choose new experiments to run in order to improve the estimations. In particular, the design must select the level of fidelity meeting the best trade-off between cost of observation and information gain. To do this, we propose a sequential strategy dedicated to the cases of variable costs, called Maximum Rate of Uncertainty Reduction (MRUR), which consists of choosing the input point maximizing the ratio between the uncertainty reduction and the cost. The methodology is illustrated in fire safety science, where we estimate probabilities of failure of a fire protection system
Phalippou, Pierre. "Data-enabled, reduced-order simulation of dynamical systems with application to vehicle crash simulation". Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2544.
Texto completo da fonteVehicle manufacturers face numerous constraints regarding security, comfort, weight, and fuel consumption when designing new automotive vehicles. Numerical simulation, and more precisely, the finite element method, is extensively used in the process to achieve cost reduction while allowing to test the impact of multiple design parameters on the system behavior. Nevertheless, industrial finite element models of automotive crash are growing prohibitively expensive in computation time, slowing down the design process. Numerous model order reduction methods have been developed in order to speed-up simulations by making use of the humongous amount of collected data and the repetitiveness of computations with slight changes to the design variables. This thesis aims to apply model order reduction methods to finite element simulations of automotive crash, involving material and geometric nonlinearity as well as contact. This project, conducted in close collaboration between the car manufacturer PSA group, the software developer Altair engineering, and the computational mechanics group at the UTC-CNRS joint laboratory Roberval, targets intrusive methods necessitating modifications in the finite element solver source code. Amongst different promising methods reviewed in the state-of-the-art, our work focuses on projection-based reduced order modeling and hyper-reduction. A reduced-basis of global shape functions is built upon relevant data in the online training phase and used online to reduce the model size, enabling the hyper-reduction of internal forces and computational speed-up. The contributions of this thesis concern three aspects of the training phase. Developments of the incremental singular value decomposition allow for a more flexible and faster reduced-basis training. The proposed sparse criterion enables the formation of basis functions subsets with enhanced performances and better correlation between the online training phase approximation error and the actual error in the online reduction phase. An innovative formulation of the hyper-reduction optimization problem involving mixed-integer programming, added constraints on polynomial integration, and volume conservation is suggested for the benchmarking of future heuristic methods. All implementations are performed in the industrial explicit finite element solver Altair Radioss with complete access to the source code. To the author's best knowledge, the implementation of such a method in industrial explicit finite element solver represents a significant differentiator of the present contribution. Implementation specific difficulties relevant to this aspect of the thesis are discussed. Finally, recommendations, as well as perspectives and further developments required for the robust application of the method to industrial numerical simulations of vehicle crash, are given
Magnognou, Sambouni Brady Axel. "Etudes numériques et expérimentales sur le risque d'inflammation des gaz imbrûlés au cours d'un incendie en milieu sous-ventilé". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESMA0022/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis doctoral thesis is devoted to the study of the risk of ignition of unburnt gases in the ventilation system after a fire in an under-ventilated confined enclosure. The characterization of the state of lamination of smoke and smoke extraction also appears as an objective. In a closed fire, the amount of oxygen present in the room may become insufficient leading to incomplete combustion. Residual unburnt hot gases can then accumulate in the room and be evacuated by extraction ventilation. When the latter are placed in the presence of air supplied by another ventilation duct, they can ignite spontaneously and generate a deflagration capable of breaking the dynamic containment of hazardous materials, an unacceptable situation for the safety of nuclear installations. This ignition depends on the quantity of the unburned gases, the temperature in the extraction sheath and the minimum concentration of oxygen. The objective of this study is to quantify and analyze this risk through the aerodynamic study of the flame and the level of dynamic confinement in order to choose the ventilation posing the least possible risk. This study, both numerical and experimental, makes possible to improve the understanding of the influence of the equivalence ratio linked to the level of confinement of the enclosure on the production of unburned like CO, H2 and fuel. Then, it makes possible to highlight the influence of the latter on the risk of ignition of unburnt gases in the ventilation network
Aigle, Pascal. "Stabilisation des talus de déblai par les techniques de drainage - simulation numérique des écoulements tridimentionnels à surface libre - Évaluation de l'augmentation de stabilité par méthode tridimensionnelle à la rupture". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10037.
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