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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Pressure Concrete Company"
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Martauz, Pavel, Vojtěch Václavík e Branislav Cvopa. "The Properties of Concrete Based on Steel Slag as a By-Product of Metallurgical Production". Key Engineering Materials 838 (abril de 2020): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.838.10.
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This article presents the results of research on the use of unstable steel slag with a fraction of 0/8 mm as a 100% substitute for natural aggregate in concrete production. Two types of cements were used for the production of concrete: Portland cement CEM I 42.5N and hybrid cement H-CEMENT. Both of these cements were produced by the company Považská cementárna, a.s., Ladce. The main objective of this study was to assess the suitable type of binder to be combined with unstable steel slag in the production of concrete composite. The prepared concrete was used to test the properties of a fresh concrete mix, i.e. its consistency and bulk density. Hardened concrete was used to test the strength and deformation properties, including cube strength after 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 90 days, as well as prism strength after 28 days. The static modulus of elasticity was determined using prisms after 28 days of age of the test specimens. Our attention was also focused on determining the class of leachability of the concretes based on steel slag with CEM I 42.5N and H-CEMENT. The durability of concrete prepared on the basis of steel slag was tested in an environment with increased temperature and pressure. The results of the strength characteristics tests show a difference between the 28-day average cube strength of concrete using CEM I 42.5N and H-CEMENT (34.6 MPa and 29.1 MPa), while after 90 days, the average cube strength value stabilized at about 38 MPa. The average values of the static modulus of elasticity when using CEM I 42.5N and H-CEMENT are almost identical, achieving values of 32.5 GPa and 32.8 GPa, respectively. Concrete based on steel slag with CEM I 42.5N and H-CEMENT can be included in leachability class IIb. The results of the durability test of concrete based on steel slag in an environment with increased temperature and pressure confirmed the use of H-CEMENT hybrid cement from the company Považská cementáren, a.s., Ladce, as a suitable binder. .
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TP, Krishna Kumar, M. Ramachandran, Chinnasami Sivaji e Chandrasakar Raja. "Financing practices of Micro and Small Entrepreneurs using WSM MCDM Method". 4 1, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2022): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jdaai/1/4/3.
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A small or micro enterprise is usually a one-person show. A partnership is held by a firm or corporation Even in small units, operations are mainly carried out by shareholders or Carried out by one of the directors. In practice, others are sleeping partners or directors, essentially helping out financing. A company is classified If the paid up capital is less than or equal to 20,000 Birr As micro. Similarly, a company has its paid-up capital when less than or equal to Birr 500,000 considered small. However, it is the size of jobs or number of employees in MSE Does not provides information about Key Differences between Small Business and Small Business are scale and size. A small business is a type of small a business employing less than 10 persons, small Businesses with up to 500 employees including Haksever has fewer than 500 employees Define and characterizes a small business with shows following characteristics Management is independent; usually the manager is also the owner. Working Stress Design Method Reinforced A concrete design method is used Concrete is elastic, whereas steel and concrete are elastic in nature, in which the relationship between loads and stresses is linear. Working pressure method (WSM) This traditional design is perfect.
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Pruška, Jan, Miroslav Šedivý e Vojtěch Anderle. "Problems with reinforced concrete industrial floors with regard to subsoil swelling". Acta Polytechnica 64, n.º 1 (4 de março de 2024): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2024.64.0034.
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Most of the problems associated with open cracks in reinforced concrete industrial floors do not arise from technological indiscipline in the execution or exceeding the permitted floor load, but from the geotechnical profile beneath the floor. In the presence of swelling soil in the subsoil, the floors can then be shifted upwards by centimeters and create open cracks. This article describes regression relationships for the prediction of swelling pressure and deformation of reinforced concrete industrial floors based on indirect measurements. These relationships were obtained by evaluating a large database of measurements carried out by the company GeoTec-GS and the Czech Technical University in Prague using neural networks, multiple correlation, regression analysis, and sensitivity analysis. The article also presents the actual classification of the risk of surface damage of reinforced concrete floors due to swelling of the subsoil and an example of its application is given.
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Drzymała, Tomasz, Bartosz Zegardło e Piotr Tofilo. "Properties of Concrete Containing Recycled Glass Aggregates Produced of Exploded Lighting Materials". Materials 13, n.º 1 (4 de janeiro de 2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010226.
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The paper presents an analysis of the possibilities of using glass waste from recycled lighting materials as aggregates for cement concrete. The research material was obtained from a company that utilizes electrical waste. Glass from pre-sorted elements was transported to the laboratory and crushed in a drum crusher. In this way, the aggregate obtained was subjected to the basic tests that are carried out for aggregates traditionally used in construction. The specific density of aggregate, bulk density, absorbability, crushing index, grain shape, texture type and aggregate flatness index were examined. In the next stage of research work, concrete mixtures were made in which crushed aggregate from crushed fluorescent lamps was used as a substitute for gravel aggregate. Mixtures containing 10%, 30%, 50% and 100% aggregate were made. A mixture containing only sand and gravel aggregate was made as a comparative mixture. Basic tests of both fresh concrete mix and hardened concrete were carried out for all concrete made. The consistency of the fresh concrete mix, the air content in the concrete mix, the density of hardened concrete, absorbability, water permeability under pressure and the basic compressive and tensile (flexular) strength tests were performed. The test results showed that the greater the addition of recycled glass aggregate, the less advantageous are the features of the concrete obtained with its participation. Microscopic analyses carried out in order to explain this phenomenon indicated an unfavorable influence of the grain shape of the aggregate thus obtained. Despite this fact, recycling of lighting waste in concrete composites is recommended as a pro-ecology measure; however, attention was paid to the benefits of using only 30% by mass of said waste in relation to the weight of the traditional aggregate used. Composite with such a quantity of waste retained the characteristics of cement concrete, which qualified its use for construction concrete.
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Hubova, Olga, Lenka Konecna, Marek Macak e Gabriel Ciglan. "Pedestrian Wind Comfort around the Reinforced-Concrete Atypical Structure". Key Engineering Materials 738 (junho de 2017): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.738.153.
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The high-rise buildings in built-up areas affect the surrounding pedestrian-level wind environment. Unpleasant gust strong wind especially between the buildings, on corners, the crossing points and passages, will experience these locations as not comfortable or dangerous. The series of parametric wind tunnel studies were carried out to investigate the effects of building width, height and the gap width between buildings on the pedestrian-level wind environment. In the article, we will discuss build up area around designed reinforced concrete structure with atypical shape - TWIN CITY A1 Bratislava (developer company: HB Reavis). We indicated the high wind speed areas for discomfort under strong wind conditions experimentally in BLWT wind tunnel and using CFD simulation. It is important to note that the wind effects applied on the reinforced-concrete structures and occurring around these structures are one of the most important input parameters in their design. Therefore, they should not be neglected. As it was mentioned above, this paper deals only with the wind effects occurring around the examined structure. The wind effects applied on the structure – determination of the external wind pressure coefficients, were discussed in [1].
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Ovchinnikov, E. S., e I. A. Ovchinnikova. "Clad rolled reinforcing bars". Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), n.º 3 (20 de outubro de 2020): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-3-56-58.
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Premature destruction of reinforced concrete structures exposed to aggressive environmental influences is a serious problem, both from a technical and economic point of view. Carbon steel reinforcing bar embedded in concrete is usually not subject to corrosion due to the formation of a protective ion-oxide film that passivates the steel under conditions of strong alkalis in the concrete pores. However, this passivity can be disrupted by chlorides penetrating the concrete, or by carbonation reaching the surface of the reinforcing bar. Then the corrosion begins.An example of a solution to this problem is the replacement of conventional steel reinforcement with clad steel during construction. Through the closely spaced interface of two solid metals, the atoms diffuse with each other at different speeds, at a high temperature, and at a certain pressure. This creates a metallurgical bond between two solid metals, the integrity or «strength» of which depends on the «purity» of the interface between the two metals and on the atoms that make up this «transition zone» or bond.The article investigates plated rebar, to determine the possibility of production in a mill 320 OJSC «BSW – Management Company of the Holding «BMC». To study the new type of reinforcing bars, special types of research were conducted as determining the chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties. The main advantages of this type of product are defined in the article.
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Komarova, S., e M. Abramenkov. "Growth of the region`s export potential and increasing its competitive positions by creating a cluster in the leading industry". E-Management 3, n.º 2 (29 de agosto de 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445-2020-2-22-31.
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It has been proposed to create and form a cluster of the cement industry in the Mogilev region. Сreationof structures allowing regional entities to carry out foreign economic activity in more favorable conditions solves many problems of overcoming the crisis situation.During the analysis of the effectiveness of the foreign economic activity of the Mogilev region, one of the problems identified was low export volumes in the regions of the region, which are significantly lower than in Mogilev and the Mogilev region.Increasing the competitiveness of enterprises› products in the cluster is achieved through the following advantages: access to information, complementarity, attracting internal resources for the rapid introduction of innovations, lower research costs, low degree of risk in conducting research and development, overcoming competitive pressure, low entry barriers, availability of necessary resources and personnel. Creation of a cluster in the cement industry of the Mogilev region of the Republic of Belarus, including enterprises from the Krichevsky and Kostyukovichsky districts, will improve the competitive position of the region. The core of the cluster is the holding company Belarusian Cement Company, which is the largest holding company for the production of cement, reinforced concrete blocks and structures. The cluster will include two enterprises from the city of Kostyukovichi, these are organizations such as:Tsemagro JV OJSC Belarusian Cement Plant and OJSC Belarusian Cement Plant. It is also necessary to include the largest enterprises from the city of Krichev, namely:OJSC KrichevСement Slate and OJSCKrichevsky Reinforced Concrete Products Plant. This formation will significantly increase the competitiveness of the enterprises themselves and their products, taking full advantage of the cluster structure, enhance the export potential of districts and the region as a whole, and will also contribute to the innovative development of the region
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Pang, Jian Yong, e Ling Yan Wang. "Test and Application of Polypropylene Concrete Bar Shell Bolting Shotcrete Support System in Soft Rock Drift". Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (maio de 2012): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.274.
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The polypropylene bar shell bolting shotcrete and support system was studied on the basis of the analysis of the mechanics principle of shell structures. The technique feature is a kind of specially three-dimensional bar-mat reinforcement instead of three-dimensional bar-mat. It has very high mechanical property and was applied in difficult drift without profiled bar, anchor bolt, grouting and so on. The model experiment was done by relying on the industrial test on the broken laneway of Xishan Coal Power Company. The distortion, destruct shape, developmental rule of the supporting system were examined while the stress and strain distributing rule and also the ultimate load were obtained. The application showed that without reducing the carrying capacity of supporting the case, and heavy metal stent compared to the steel supporting the form of reduced consumption and the amount of concrete rebound, and has good flexibility, is all excellent soft rock drift Jean pressure retaining structure, and has good prospects for widespread application.
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Jiang, Dan Ning, Hai Wei Sha, Guo Hui Gong, Jing Song, Hai Tao Xu, Chang Cheng Zhou e Kai Shen. "Fundamental Research and Demonstration Project of Evaporation Treatment of Wastewater from FGD in Flue Gas Duct". Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (dezembro de 2013): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.434.
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The desulfurization wastewater is a kind of intractable wastewater which comes from the process of wet desulfurization. There are many shortcomings of traditional development methods. Desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment in flue gas duct as a new processing technology. This approach of evaporating desulfurization wastewater by flue gas is feasible. The feasibility of the demonstration project of boiler flue gas treating wastewater on 4# boiler in Changshu Power Company limited was analyzed; the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT was adopted to simulated the pressure field and velocity field in the outlet flue pipes of air pre-heater. The concrete arrangement mode and the number of the spray lances were determined by calculations. The temperature of the flue gas is tested after the system was put into operation. The results showed that this technology can realize the desulfurization wastewater with zero discharge without hurting the work of electrostatic precipitator. The demonstration project is the first of its kind in domestic power industry; this study provides experiences and references of power plant desulfurization wastewater with zero discharge.
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Saeb, Sajjad, José A. Capitán e Alfonso Cobo. "The Effect of Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD) on Improving Characteristics of Conventional Concrete". Buildings 13, n.º 6 (14 de junho de 2023): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061526.
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The steel industry is one of the key industries and its use is inevitable in many industries including construction. In addition to steel, this industry produces massive amounts of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) that is classified as hazardous waste. Using this material as an admixture can improve the characteristics of concrete, neutralize potential risks and be beneficial to the circular economy. Considering the differences in EAFD between different steel companies, which in turn is caused by the type and percentage of input materials, the optimal percentage and specific application of EAFD from steel companies of each region is unique. In the present study, samples from 11 different sources of EAFD in Khuzestan Steel Company (KSC) were collected. Then, they were classified into three groups depending on the size and origin (fine and coarse, both obtained by filtering those particle sizes directly from furnaces, and a third class obtained in the interior of the steelmaking site close to material handling (MH) belt conveyors) based on their physical and chemical characteristics. To test the effect of EADF as an admixture, several conventional concrete samples were prepared by replacing 0% (control), 2%, 5% and 8% of cement with each EAFD group. Finally, the resulting material was characterized through several tests, namely: (i) compressive strength test at 7, 28 and 90 days, (ii) depth of water penetration under pressure test and (iii) electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration. The result shows that replacing 2% of the cement with MH caused the largest improvement in compressive strength of 7 day concrete, but also showed negative effect on water penetration, while coarse had a negative effect in almost all tests except in the chloride ion penetration test. The best results were obtained by replacing with 2% of cement with fine EAFD, showing significant improvements in all tests, as well as in the observed trend of increasing compressive strength over time.
Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Pressure Concrete Company"
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Heidemann, Lucas, Jochen Scheck e Berndt Zeitler. "Impact Sound Insulation of Thermally Insulated Balconies". In iCity. Transformative Research for the Livable, Intelligent, and Sustainable City, 359–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92096-8_23.
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AbstractWith the increasing urban densification, balconies are gaining in popularity as they improve the living quality in homes. From a technical point of view, the thermal insulation between balconies and the building’s façade is state of the art. In Germany, the most popular balcony construction is a reinforced concrete balcony, separated from the building by a thermal insulation element (TIE), which is meant to reduce the thermal energy loss and thus ensure the sustainability of intelligent buildings. The impact sound transmission from balconies, however, is a problem that has not been addressed enough to date. The paper is based on a project of the same name within the iCity research with the main goal of providing acoustic quantities, e.g. an impact sound pressure level difference, for a TIE that can be used to compare the acoustical quality of products and used to predict the impact sound pressure levels within the building using the standard EN ISO 12354-2. Experimental and numerical studies have been carried out on various ceiling-balcony mock-ups without and with TIEs, e.g. by means of experimental modal analysis and validated finite element models, respectively. These studies showed that even doubling the width of the ceiling-balcony mock-up does not change the results significantly, suggesting that the proposed test set-up is suitable for standard testing. The analysis method and results presented here are for only one test set-up with and without a TIE that underwent constructive modifications during the tests. The selected TIE shows an effective sound insulation above 400 Hz and achieves a single-number rated impact sound level difference of $$ \Delta {L}_{\mathrm{w}}^{\ast}\approx 10\ \mathrm{dB} $$ Δ L w ∗ ≈ 10 dB .
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Leva, Maria Chiara, Micaela Demichela e Gabriele Baldissone. "Monetised Risk Values and Cost-Benefit Evaluation of Maintenance Options for Aging Equipment". In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 255–73. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3904-0.ch014.
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In this chapter, the authors present an overview of methods that can be used to evaluate risks and opportunities for deferred maintenance interventions on aging equipment, and underline the importance to include monetised risk considerations and timeline considerations, to evaluate different scenarios connected with the possible options. Asset managers are compelled to continue operating aging assets while deferring maintenance and investment due to the constant pressure to reduce maintenance costs as well as short-term budget constraints in a changing market environment. Monetised risk values offer the opportunity to support risk-based decision-making using the data collected from the field. The chapter presents examples of two different methods and their practical applicability in two case studies in the energy sector for a company managing power stations. The use of the existing and the new proposed solutions are discussed on the basis of their applicability to the concrete examples.
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Best, Rachel Kahn. "Ranking Diseases". In Common Enemies, 84–108. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190918408.003.0005.
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From the 1960s to the present, advocates have introduced various criteria to highlight their diseases’ impacts, from mortality to health spending. These competing claims encouraged policymakers to seek formal ways to rank and compare diseases, creating pressure to standardize the National Institutes of Health (NIH) budget across disease categories. NIH officials worried that the pursuit of narrow, disease-specific goals would funnel resources away from basic science and untargeted research. But while the proportion of the NIH budget targeting these goals declined slightly, the overall amounts increased dramatically, suggesting that specialized campaigns do not draw resources away from broader goals. The push for disease data did change how the government distributes money, bringing the funding distribution more in line with mortality rates. The effects of advocacy go beyond securing funding or passing favorable laws; advocacy also changes how policymakers define issues and judge policies, with concrete effects on funding distributions.
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Broughton, Chad. "Reshoring Up". In Boom, Bust, Exodus. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765614.003.0021.
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It was Late on a sunny, but bitterly cold mid-February afternoon. Michael Patrick, red-eared from the chill, cast a long shadow across the rough concrete that used to be the Appliance City factory floor. A few months earlier, two-thirds of the expansive ruin had been razed. It was now an extended chinhigh pile of crumbled bricks, broken cinderblocks, mangled rebar, and cornyellow insulation chunks. Patrick, dressed in a corduroy jacket, wool trousers, and a brown wool fedora, remarked that there was little now to stop the bitter Arctic winds that swept through the enormous demolition site. One could see clear through to the Henry C. Hill Correctional Center across the tracks and farther north on Illinois Route 41. The razed portion of the former factory was big enough to fit twenty football fields, side by side. The newest part of the factory was still standing, but vacant. The California-based investment company that owned the property hoped that clearing the “old, antiquated industrial real estate” would make the remaining property more attractive to potential buyers. “When you’re here,” Patrick said, “you think about the people. It was the blood, sweat, and tears of the workers that made this place run. It was ours, you know? We had different owners come and go but we made it run.” He pushed his hands deep into his jacket pockets and shrugged. It was early 2013, and Patrick could mark fifty-four years since he and Bob Dennison, Doug’s father, started packing insulation at Admiral’s Midwest Manufacturing plant on January 26, 1959. Patrick lived alone in a modest brick house on South Pleasant Avenue, just across the BNSF tracks, less than a mile away. The 72-year-old retiree hibernated in the winter, but managed to make each of his granddaughter’s sixth-grade basketball games. When the weather warmed, Patrick took his late model minivan to antique shows, estate sales, and collectors’ conventions. He collected license plates and license plate toppers, die-cast cars, and other trinkets. Earlier that day, over lunch at the Landmark Cafe, we had discussed the wage pressures, retiree obligations, and foreign competition that faced Maytag in the early 2000s.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Pressure Concrete Company"
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Fayez, Amin A., Samuel N. Morris, Hani A. Alsubaikhy e Ali J. Refai. "Safety Advantages of Full-Containment Storage Tanks and the Cost-Effective Implementation for Refrigerated LPG Storage Systems". In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-85433.
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Abstract Saudi Aramco has been a major player in the LPG (Propane and Butane) market since the 1960s and the company continues to be the source of benchmark pricing in the industry. A variety of refrigerated storage tank concepts have been developed to support international export of LPG products. Currently the industry has shifted to the use of safer full containment tank systems which have the capability to contain liquid and vapor release. Economic implementation of new tank systems has the potential of improving safety at company facilities. The benefit of the full containment storage tank is attractive given that the industry is focused on safety and environmental protection. However, the implementation of this technology is challenging due to the cost. Establishing selection criteria is important for economic implementation of any tank type. The paper explores the key design aspects of each type of tank arrangement based on risk assessment, project requirements and economic factors. The paper provides a case study of a current Saudi Aramco project being planned for new installation of LPG storage tanks at a size of one million barrels for both propane and butane services. The risk assessment examined the compliance, business interruption, environmental impact and other factors related to tank containment failures. The risk assessment and technoeconomic study demonstrates that the double steel full containment design is preferred over the prestressed concrete outer container with steel inner container. The double wall steel full containment tank system has been successfully deployed in facilities at sites around the world including at Marcus Hook, PA in the United Sates and Salalah in Oman. Single containment storage tank is not recommended for large scale of LPG storage or when tank is situated with other nearby facilities. Moreover, single containment type requires more plot area due to external diking requirements compared with double wall and full containment storage designs. Optimization of tank type selection may result in reduction of 6 to 8 months in project schedule and savings to the project of up to 70% of the storage tank installation cost. A risk assessment on different storage tanks designs reveals that the double steel wall full containment design is optimal from a cost and schedule prospective.
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Morishige, Haruo, Katsuhisa Fujita e Yousuke Yamashiki. "Earthquake Resistance Assessment of Contaminated Water Storage Tank and its Reinforcement Basic Design at Fukushima". In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65677.
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The core melt accidents at Fukushima Daiichi Units 1-2-3 have occurred due to the tsunami of the Great East Japan Earthquake at March 11, 2011. Now a coolant of approximately 100t is injected into each Reactor Vessel (RPV) in order to cool the fuel debris, and a part of the coolant leaks out from the water. The contaminated water is collected, and it is stored in the contaminated water storage tanks more than approximately 1,000 and the total amounts of coolant exceeds 1,000,000 t. Although the contaminated water is purified by ALPS, it is still in high nuclear pollution density. According to the homepage of Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) in Japan, the storage tanks have been placed on the concrete bed without any anchor. Tokyo Electric Company (TEPCO) reported to NRA in 2015 that the design acceleration used for the overturning evaluation of the tanks have 0.3G. At the Fukushima Daiichi Power Station in the Great East Japan Earthquake, the maximum horizontal acceleration was 0.6G, the maximum vertical acceleration was 0.326 G at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Even if an earthquake that is a fraction of this earthquake comes back, there is a possibility that this tank will fall over. The temporary special design guideline is adopted. These tanks have already stored the contaminated water for 6 years. However, it is thought that the more long term countermeasures is necessary for preventing the contaminated water from flowing out into the Pacific Ocean when another great earthquake will attack this area in future. In this paper, we propose a drastic structure to add a foundation without causing ground to the present tank. In the past, the member fastening the steel plate of the upper structure of the tank and the concrete of the lower structure is a foundation bolt, but this time it is a stud welded to the tank side plate. This made it possible to flexibly design and reinforce the foundation itself even after tank installation.
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Shimizu, Kosuke, Hirofumi Takeda e Masanori Goto. "Development of a Device for Detecting Helium Leaks From Canisters: Part 2 — Numerical Analysis of Temperature Behavior During Gas Leaks From a Canister of a 1/4.5 Scale Cask Model". In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81417.
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In the concrete cask, the canister is sealed with lids by welding, and has high sealing performance. But considering long-term storage, there is a concern about loss of the sealing performance due to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). In the concrete cask, unlike the metal cask, it is not mandatory to constantly monitor helium pressure between the lids. However, it is useful from the viewpoint of improving safety during the long-term storage to install a helium leak detector in the canister inside the concrete cask. Currently, we are developing the leak detector utilizing the phenomenon that the surface temperature of the canister changes when helium leaks out of the canister. As part of developing the leak detector of the canister, leak tests were performed using a small canister model as a pressurized vessel and a 1/4.5 scale cask model of the actual cask including the canister. This leak detector utilized the phenomenon that canister bottom temperature (TB) increases and canister lid temperature (TT) decreases when the internal pressure of the canister decreases. In computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculation, focused on this phenomenon, the influence of the internal pressure and physical properties of internal gas in the canister were examined by calculating conditions of three kinds of pressure and two types of gas (air and helium). The main purpose of the CFD calculation was to confirm the results of the experiment, and we grasped the phenomenon occurring in the canister and elucidated its mechanism. For the CFD calculation, a commercial CFD software, STAR-CCM+® (ver.12.06.010) by Siemens PLM Software Company, was used. A CAD file used for the calculation simulated also the shape inside the canister (e.g. basket, fuel rods). A polyhedral mesh was used for a calculation mesh. In the small canister model, a mesh of its ambient air was not generated, and heat transfer between the canister surface and the ambient air was calculated from a heat transfer correlation equation. On the other hand, in the 1 / 4.5 scale cask model, the mesh of its ambient air was generated, so that the heat transfer on the surface of the canister was calculated according to the actual heat transfer phenomenon. The internal gas and the ambient air of the canister were ideal gas, and buoyancy due to density change was taken into consideration. A realizable k-epsilon model was used for a turbulence model, and a DO model was used for a radiation model.
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Sterner, Hakan, e Dieter Rittscher. "The AVR (HTGR) Decommissioning Project With New Strategy". In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7040.
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The 15-MWel prototype pilot reactor AVR is a pebble bed HTGR. It was designed in the late 50s and was connected to the grid end of 1967. After 21y of successful operation the reactor was shut down end of 1988. In 1994 the first decommissioning license was granted and work with defueling, dismantling and preparation of a Safe Enclosure started. The primary system is contaminated with the fission products Sr90 and Cs137 and the activation products are Co60, C14 and H3. Due to the large amounts of Sr and Cs bound to graphite dust, the dismantling of systems connected to the pressure vessel is very tedious. In 2003 the AVR company was restructured and the strategy of the decommissioning was changed from safe enclosure to green field, i.e. the complete direct dismantling of all facilities and clean up of the site. The highlight during the dismantling is the removal of the reactor vessel (diameter ca. 7.6m and length ca. 26m) in one piece. Before handling the reactor vessel it will be filled with low density cellular concrete. Subsequently the reactor building will be cut open and the reactor vessel (total weight ca. 2100Mg) lifted out and transported to an interim store.
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Kawaguchi, Satoshi, Satoshi Mizuno e Yoshihiro Oyama. "Long-Term Cooling Strategy for the Primary Containment Vessel of the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station in a Severe Accident". In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67317.
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This paper explains the strategy of our company (Tokyo Electric Power, TEPCO) regarding means of long-term heat removal from the primary containment vessel (PCV) of Units 6 and 7 (ABWR) of the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station in a severe accident. If the PCV continues in a high-temperature state for a long time, the strength of the PCV concrete will decline, and the risk of being affected by an earthquake will increase. Therefore, it is crucial for safety to cool the PCV and reduce its temperature to the maximum working temperature or lower. TEPCO provides a means of cooling the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and PCV called the alternative coolant circulation system (ACCS). This system uses the heat exchanger of the residual heat removal (RHR) system, the make up water condensate (MUWC) pump, and alternative heat exchanger vehicles. By using these measures, it is possible reduce temperature in the PCV over the long term to the maximum working temperature (design value) or less, even in severe accident scenarios such as a large LOCA + ECCS function failures + SBO (station blackout). This function has quite high reliability, but in a scenario where these measures cannot be used, expectations are placed on the filtered vent (FV). However, due to FV characteristics, it is impossible to reduce to below the saturation temperature of 100°C at atmospheric pressure using FV alone, and it will be necessary in the medium/long-term to cool the PCV while also restoring the cooling equipment. Therefore, the following restoration operation of PCV cooling and its dose evaluation were studied. (1) RPV heat removal by restoring the RHR system (2) RPV and PCV heat removal using a portable pump employing a portable heat exchanger (3) RPV and PCV heat removal using the suppression pool water clean up system (SPCU) employing portable heat exchangers (4) RPV heat removal using the clean up water system (CUW) By clarifying beforehand issues such as feasibility of these systems, the on-site environment for restoration measures, and the necessary gear/systems, the authors were able to secure means of long-term cooling of the PCV, and further enhance PCV reliability.
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Fang, Zhou, Ruxin Chen, Zhe Wang, Zhibo Huan, Qia Liu e He Yan. "Prediction Method and Application Case Analysis of Dangerous Parts of Pipelines in Petrochemical Plants". In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61356.
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Abstract A prediction method of dangerous points resulting from dynamic erosion was studied by combining Computational Fluid Dynamics and application cases. CFD numerical simulation software was used to simulate conditions of real process in industry. Considering the factors like geometry, flow velocity, flow direction, different erosion results in various situation were exampled and analyzed. Working conditions were sorted out and related sample graphs were made and indexed. This prediction method can reveal flow law of internal flow field and flow field distribution. Hence, critical points caused by dynamic erosion can be found and sensor-layout plan for online inspection, monitoring and management can be introduced. The safety in the use of industrial pipelines can be guaranteed. This method had been applied on pipelines of an oil and gas company in western China. A series of studies regarding their erosion rates and trend predictions were done based on actual situation on site. The technical route for applying this method was explained in detail. The corrosion mechanism and calculation method for this case were concretely stated. The prediction results and influencing factors of erosion parts were stated and the significance of using above-mentioned prediction method is declared.
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Qu, Qiang, Satoshi Izumi e Shinsuke Sakai. "Applicability of FFS Assessment Using Partial Safety Factors Evaluated by Infinite Plate". In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97363.
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This paper investigates the applicability of a Fitness-For-Service (FFS) assessment of crack-like flaws using the Partial Safety Factors (PSFs) calculated from the infinite plate model. Procedures of FFS assessment using PSFs are provided in API579-1, and several PSFs calculated from an infinite plate are given to evaluate structures approximately for simplification. However, the applicability of these PSFs is not clear, and the safety margin cannot be evaluated precisely. To clarify the applicable region of these infinite plate PSFs in this paper, we calculate PSFs of various structures, crack geometries and load types and compare with those of the infinite plate. We also examine whether the target reliability is satisfied when infinite plate PSFs are applied to the concrete structures. In addition, we used sensitivity analysis to show the dependence of probabilistic properties on the safety margin. Both the limit state function method and the Monte Carlo simulation method are used for the analysis, and the limit state is defined by the Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) curve. Finally, the relation between infinite plate PSFs’ applicability and probabilistic properties of structure, and crack geometries are discussed.
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Li, Wenjun, Qiang Zhou, Rujin Ma, Yongjun Li e Siwei Liu. "Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Connection Structure Between the Pier and Pile Cap of Precast Concrete Bridge Piers". In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.0837.
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<p>The precast concrete bridge pier in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China, was used as the research object to compare the longitudinal and transverse force differences of the bridge pier and further analyze the force characteristics of the bridge pier connection structure. The refined nonlinear finite element model with the load direction and axial pressure ratio as the variation parameters was established to analyze the horizontal force-displacement curve, anchor force, shear force of notched perfobond connector, strain distribution of steel jacket and notched perfobond connector-concrete relative slip. The results show that the concrete damage, anchor bolt action, strain distribution of steel jacket and notched perfobond connector-concrete relative slip are different in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the bridge pier. The bearing capacity of large axial pressure piers is larger than that of small axial pressure piers. The compression side damage of precast piers occurs at the concrete interface above the connection device. The shear force of outer notched perfobond connector is less than that of inner notched perfobond connector.</p>
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Matsuzawa, Hiroshi, e Toru Osaki. "Fracture Toughness of Highly Irradiated Pressure Vessel Steels in the Upper Shelf Temperature". In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93032.
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Nine Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) Steels and four RPV weld were irradiated up to 1.2 × 1024n/m2 fast neutron fluence (E>1MeV), and their fracture toughness and Charpy impact energy were measured. As chemical compositions, such as Cu, are known to affect the fracture toughness reduction due to neutron exposure, the above steels were fabricated by changing chemical composition widely to cover the chemical composition of the RPV materials of the operating Japanese nuclear power plants. 2.7 mm thick compact specimens were used to measure the upper shelf fracture toughness of highly irradiated materials, and their Charpy upper shelf energy was also measured. By correlating Charpy upper shelf energy to fracture toughness, the upper shelf fracture toughness evaluation formulae for highly irradiated reactor pressure vessel steels were developed. Both compact and V-notched Charpy impact specimens were irradiated in a test reactor. The fast neutron flux above 1MeV was about 5 × 1016n/(m2s). Charpy impact specimens made of Japanese PWR reference material containing 0.09w% Cu were irradiated simultaneously. The upper shelf energy of the reference material up to the medium fluence level showed little difference in the reduction of upper shelf energy to that which had been in the operating plant and which was irradiated to the same fluence. The developed correlation formulae have been adopted in the Japan Electric Association Code as new formulae to predict the fracture toughness in the upper shelf region of reactor pressure vessels. They will be applied to time limited ageing analysis of low upper shelf reactor pressure vessels in Japan, on a concrete technical basis in very high fluence regions.
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Hessheimer, Michael F., Satoru Shibata e James F. Costello. "Results of Overpressurization Test of a 1:4-Scale Prestressed Concrete Containment Vessel Model". In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22455.
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The Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation (NUPEC) of Japan and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) have been co-sponsoring and jointly funding a Cooperative Containment Research Program at Sandia National Laboratories. The purpose of the program is to investigate the response of representative models of nuclear containment structures to pressure loading beyond the design basis accident and to compare analytical predictions with measured behavior. This is accomplished by conducting static, pneumatic overpressurization tests of scale models at ambient temperature. The first project in this program was a test of a mixed scale steel containment vessel (SCV). Next, a 1:4-scale model of a prestressed concrete containment vessel (PCCV), representative of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) plant in Japan, was constructed by NUPEC at Sandia National Laboratories from January 1997 through June, 2000. Concurrently, Sandia instrumented the model with over 1500 transducers to measure strain, displacement and forces in the model from prestressing through the pressure testing. The limit state test of the PCCV model was conducted in September, 2000 at Sandia National Laboratories. This paper describes the conduct and some of the results of this test.