Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Prehistorica Man"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Prehistorica Man"
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De Bont, Raf. "The Creation of Prehistoric Man". Isis 94, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2003): 604–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386384.
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Connolly, R. C. "Lindow Man: Britain's Prehistoric Bog Body". Anthropology Today 1, n.º 5 (outubro de 1985): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3032823.
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Daegling, David. "The Cambridge guide to prehistoric man". Journal of Human Evolution 17, n.º 4 (junho de 1988): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484(88)90033-4.
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McManus, G. "Ice man: victim of prehistoric schnapps?" Science 258, n.º 5090 (18 de dezembro de 1992): 1867–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1296665.
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Stead, Ian, e R. C. Turner. "Lindow Man". Antiquity 59, n.º 225 (março de 1985): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00056556.
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The first prehistoric 'bog body' to be found in Britain in recent times has created so much interest that a brief preliminary account is warranted-even though the serious scientific investigation is only just beginning. It was discovered at Lindow Moss (SJ 820805) on the outskirtsof Wilmslow, Cheshire, in the parish of Mobberley. Formerly a very extensive bog covering about 600 hectares, Lindow Moss, has now been reduced to a tenth of that size and some 32 hectares are being excavated commercially for horticultural peat. The operators have divided the site into 'rooms' 6 m wide and up to zoo m long, and peat is excavated in spits about I m deep from alternate rooms by a large Hy-Mac, and stacked alongside to dry for about six months. It is then transported by a narrow gauge railway to the depot where it is milled and dispatched from the site.
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Kolnegari, Mahmood, Mohammad Naserifard, Mandana Hazrati e Matan Shelomi. "Squatting (squatter) mantis man: A prehistoric praying mantis petroglyph in Iran". Journal of Orthoptera Research 29, n.º 1 (13 de março de 2020): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.39400.
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A 14-cm motif of a six-legged creature with raptorial forearms was discovered in the Teymareh rock art site in central Iran (Markazi Province) during a 2017 and 2018 survey of petroglyphs or prehistoric stone engravings. In order to identify it, entomologists and archaeologists compared the motif to local insects and to similar motifs and geometric rock art from around the world. The inspected motif resembles a well-known ”squatter man” motif based on aurora phenomena and found all over the world, combined with a praying mantid (Mantodea), probably a local species of Empusa. The petroglyph proves that praying mantids have been astounding and inspiring humans since prehistoric times.
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Halstead, Paul. "Man and Other Animals in Later Greek Prehistory". Annual of the British School at Athens 82 (novembro de 1987): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400020323.
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Excavations in Greece over the last fifty years have produced considerable remains of animals from prehistoric sites. This paper discusses which species were exploited by man, and at what periods, the way in which each species was managed and the role of animal husbandry in the overall economy.
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Sabol, Martin, Bibiána Hromadová, Tomáš Čejka, Csaba Tóth, Mária Šedivá e Pavol Hriadel. "Late Pleistocene fossil assemblages from the travertine site of Bešeňová Báňa – indicators of a potential presence of prehistoric man". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 304, n.º 1 (16 de maio de 2022): 51–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2022/1057.
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Albert, Siegfried. "Man in Prehistoric Times. The Museum of Primitive Man at Steinheim-ander-Murr". Philosophy and History 19, n.º 1 (1986): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philhist198619124.
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Coye, Noël, e Arnaud Hurel. "Émile Cartailhac (1845–1921): une préhistoire en constante reconstruction". ORGANON 55 (12 de dezembro de 2023): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/00786500.org.23.002.18779.
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Émile Cartailhac (1845–1921): A Prehistory in Constant Reconstruction At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, French prehistory underwent a conceptual and methodological overhaul in line with the movement affecting the human sciences at the time. This change was brought about by a new generation of prehistorians, but some of the earliest, including Émile Cartailhac, were also at the forefront of the movement. The Toulouse prehistorian was not a systemic thinker, but conducted research into, and dissemination and promotion of prehistory at both the national and international level. He played an active role in the main debates renovating prehistory and proposed a series of compromises that reconfigured prehistoric practice by the renovation of methods and the opening up of new areas of investigation.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Prehistorica Man"
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Roper, Simon. "The human image in the Iron Age iconography of Gaul". Thesis, University of South Wales, 2001. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-human-image-in-the-iron-age-iconography-of-gaul(328c9ad3-792e-4dfb-ad85-272511e8ee56).html.
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This thesis studies the use and development of anthropomorphic iconography in Iron Age Gaul, up to the beginning of the Roman period. The principal focus is on freestanding human imagery. Art, and in particular religious art, is for many societies a critical feature in the definition of cultural identity. It is the contention of this study, therefore, that a better understanding of the changes in the iconography of this period will furnish us with a better comprehension of changes within Iron Age societies themselves. In particular, it is considered whether the anthropomorphic representation of gods is essentially a post-conquest phenomenon, or whether post-conquest religious art built upon earlier, Iron Age traditions. In order to assess these aspects three case study areas (Armorica, Central Gaul and South-West Gaul) were selected on the basis of concentrations of images in these areas. In each of these areas the depiction of anthropomorphic and associated imagery on other media, such as metalwork, is assessed in order to identify any regional trends. In addition free-standing human imagery of the same period from regions outside Gaul is considered in order to identify any wider trends. The free-standing human images of Gaul are then assessed in relation to each other and this data. As a result of this assessment two principal groups were identified. The first is an Early group, produced near the beginning of the period, quite naturalistic in appearance and frequently associated with burial sites. The second much larger Torso group, dates to the late Iron Age with the images depicting a simplified human form. Both groups are considered in relation to the social changes taking place at the time of their production and use.
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Irwin, Martin. "Prehistoric heroes in Victorian fiction : the antiquity of man and the evolutionary human". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27394.
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This thesis examines the cultural and literary impact of the establishment of the ‘antiquity of man’, or the discovery of human remains in geological association with those of extinct mammals. This mid-nineteenth-century scientific development greatly extended the length of human (pre)history and, when read in conjunction with the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin, allowed for the possibility of the prior existence of other species of human. The thesis pursues contemporary discussions of human antiquity in the popular and periodical press before moving on to an examination of early ‘prehistoric fiction’, much of which was published in magazines and periodicals. Rather than dealing with the implications of human antiquity and evolution on their own terms, early prehistoric fiction, I suggest, amounted to a Victorian colonisation of human evolutionary history. The remainder of the thesis is given over to an analysis of the implications and effects of what I have termed ‘evolutionary colonialism’ through the work of George Meredith, Arthur Machen and Joseph Conrad – three writers with very different places in relation to the canon. Meredith’s work often seems to warn of the dangers of evolutionary colonialism, while in a handful of stories dealing with human antiquity Arthur Machen offers an alternative reading of human evolutionary history. Finally, in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness it is possible to perceive the consequences and underlying logic of the colonial interpretation of the evolutionary human.
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Dawes, Burton E. "Dental Arch Crowding In Prehistoric Man, And In Indigenous Racial Groups Of North America And Australia". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4958.
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Barnes, Robin Benson. "Prehistoric caches in an intermittent wetlands environment : an analysis of the Nicolarsen Cave collection, Washoe County, Nevada /". Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Karbula, James William. "Investigations of the Eckols Site (41TV528) : a stratified prehistoric terrace site on Barton Creek in Travis County, Texas /". Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Texto completo da fonteLivros sobre o assunto "Prehistorica Man"
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Richard, Harris William. Prehistoric man in America. [Toronto?: s.n., 1995.
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McGowen, Tom. Album of prehistoric man. New York: Checkerboard Press, 1987.
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Sarunas, Milisauskas, ed. European prehistory: A survey. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002.
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The gods of prehistoric man. London: Phoenix Press, 2002.
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Waechter, John. Man before history. New York: P. Bedrick Books, 1990.
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Clark, Grahame. Prehistoric societies. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1990.
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Trustees, British Museum, ed. Prehistoric Britain. London: Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Publications, 1985.
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Burrell, R. E. C. On thethreshold of history. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
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Rouse, Irving. Migrations in prehistory: Inferring population movement from cultural remains. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.
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Fukuro, Itsupei. Ningen no rekishi. Tokyo: Iwanami, 1991.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Prehistorica Man"
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Pastoors, Andreas, Tilman Lenssen-Erz, Tsamgao Ciqae, /Ui Kxunta, Thui Thao, Robert Bégouën e Thorsten Uthmeier. "Episodes of Magdalenian Hunter-Gatherers in the Upper Gallery of Tuc d’Audoubert (Ariège, France)". In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 211–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_13.
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AbstractThe Tuc d’Audoubert cave (Ariège, France) offers unique insights into the life of Late Pleistocene hunters-gatherers due to its exceptionally good preservation conditions. This is especially true for the 300 footprints in the upper gallery of the cave. Even for the layperson, some trackways are easily recognized. Short episodes of past life become tangible. The spectrum of scientific analytic methods used in western science has not yet provided an option to interpret these visible episodes satisfactorily. For this reason, tracking experts, i.e. indigenous ichnologists, were invited to analyse the footprints in Tuc d’Audoubert. With their dynamic approach of identification, they are able to do justice to the dynamics embodied in the footprints. In total, eight main concentrations in four different locations were studied. Two hundred fifty-five footprints were identified and grouped into 24 events. In view of the group compositions and the assumption that humans did not climb alone into the upper gallery for security reasons, it can be concluded that a maximum of five visits by two to six subjects were carried out. Among the events, the couple of an adult man and an adult woman, who appear together in a total of ten different spots, is particularly noteworthy. Altogether, this study is a first step of a multi-stage procedure. Further analyses based on measurements and plantar pressure analyses will follow.
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Biesele, Megan. "Trackers’ Consensual Talk: Precise Data for Archaeology". In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 385–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_20.
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AbstractThis paper is based on ethnographic research with Ju|’hoan San in Botswana starting in 1970 and on translation and transcription work with Ju|’hoan San trackers from Namibia who travelled to the Caves du Volp in the French Pyrenees in 2013 to do archaeological work. The Tracking in Caves project, headed by German archaeologists Andreas Pastoors and Tilman Lenssen-Erz, was investigating fossilized human footprints in the caves dating back to around 17,000 calBP. The paper discusses three main verbal formats that can provide useful information to the archaeology of tracking: (1) narrative in the form of folktales and other oral forms referring to animal behaviour, (2) talk in the form of accounts of actual hunts, and (3) consensual discussion in the form of deliberations among trackers as they seek to gain many types of information from tracks. The paper outlines how the trackers and the archaeologists, after an initial period of misunderstanding and miscommunication, mutually learned from each other and eventually bonded on the basis of the scientific method. It does so by drawing on evidence from narrative, talk, and consensual discussion. By investigating verbal data provided by People’s Science, the Tracking in Caves project shows us that skill in tracking, using the tools of egalitarian communication and based on extensive environmental knowledge, has been an enabling feature of the long human story.
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Galant, Philippe, Paul Ambert† e Albert Colomer†. "Prehistoric Speleological Exploration in the Cave of Aldène in Cesseras (Hérault, France): Human Footprint Paths and Lighting Management". In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 277–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_15.
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AbstractAldène Cave is a system of 9 km of extent, on four hydrogeological levels. Within the first two fossil levels, which comprise more than half of the system, many archaeological remains have been discovered. They represent a continuum of more than 350,000 years of human history. On the second level, we find the Paul Ambert gallery, discovered in 1948 by the Abbé Dominique Cathala. This gallery contains many human traces, with footprints and marks of torches that were brought into the cave. A recent geomorphological study of these elements concerned registration and systematic analysis of the lighting marks, as well as an initial determination of the footprints. This work confirmed the contemporaneousness and functional link of these archaeological remains. Lighting management could be determined precisely with the traces on the walls and the remains discovered on the floor in connection with the footprints. These data, investigated with a spatial approach in relation to the cave network, clarify the prehistoric passages and allow an interpretation of the behaviour of visitors. All elements together form the picture of a family at a speleological investigation, which is attributed to the Mesolithic.
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Ledoux, Lysianna, Gilles Berillon, Nathalie Fourment e Jacques Jaubert. "Reproduce to Understand: Experimental Approach Based on Footprints in Cussac Cave (Southwestern France)". In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 67–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_4.
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AbstractThe morphology of a track depends on many factors that must be considered when interpreting it. An experimental approach is often required to understand the influence of each of these factors, both at the time of the track formation and after its formation. These aspects, which are fairly well documented for tracks found in open-air settings, are much more limited for those found in karst settings. Although caves are stable environments enabling the preservation of archaeological remains, many taphonomical processes can alter the grounds and the walls. Based on the observations made on footprints found in Cussac Cave (Dordogne region of southwestern France), this study focuses on one of these natural phenomena and tests the impact of flooding episodes and the resulting clay deposits on the track’s morphology and topography. Our experiments show that although the general morphology of footprints and some details such as digits are preserved, their topography is altered by successive flooding episodes and clay deposits. The loss of definition of the footprints due to flooding episodes can also lead to misinterpretation. This work sheds new light on the Cussac footprints, while the further development of such experiments will allow us to improve our results and apply them to other settings and sites.
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Chen, Chun-Yu. "Perspectives on Early Holocene Maritime Ethnic Groups of the Taiwan Strait Based on the “Liangdao Man” Skeletons". In Prehistoric Maritime Cultures and Seafaring in East Asia, 207–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9256-7_11.
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Trinkaus, Erik, Tea Jashashvili e Biren A. Patel. "Perspectives on Pliocene and Pleistocene Pedal Patterns and Protection". In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 121–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_7.
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AbstractAs a framework for interpreting Pliocene and Pleistocene hominin footprints, the functional implications of australopith and Homo pedal remains are reviewed. Despite minor variations in pedal proportions and articular morphology, all of these remains exhibit tarsometatarsal skeletons fully commensurate with an efficient (human) striding bipedal gait. The Middle and Late Pleistocene Homo pedal phalanges exhibit robust and distally flattened metatarsal 1 heads, hallux valgus, relatively short lateral digits with largely straight proximal phalanges with dorsally oriented metatarsal facets, all similar to those of recent humans. The Pliocene and Early Pleistocene halluces lack hallux valgus and have bulbous metatarsal 1 heads. The australopith pedal remains have lateral proximal phalanges that are relatively long and dorsally curved and have more proximally oriented metatarsal facets. In addition, pre-Upper Paleolithic Homo lateral phalanges have robust diaphysis implying the habitual absence of protective footwear, whereas the Upper Paleolithic ones are variably gracile, especially at higher latitudes, indicating more consistent use of footwear. These paleontological considerations provide a framework for interpreting the distal portions of earlier hominin footprints (especially with respect to hallucal orientation and digital length) and suggest that many of the Late Pleistocene footprints may be unrecognized given the use of footwear.
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Hein, Anke. "Constructing the Grave: The Main Parts and Their Combination". In The Burial Record of Prehistoric Liangshan in Southwest China, 71–132. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42384-5_4.
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Burns, Alison. "The Mesolithic Footprints Retained in One Bed of the Former Saltmarshes at Formby Point, Sefton Coast, North West England". In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 295–315. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_16.
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AbstractIn the early Holocene period, extensive tracts of coastal land were submerged as the climate warmed and meltwaters flooded into the oceans. As the Irish Sea expanded, coastlines altered and large intertidal zones were created as tracts of low-lying land at the tidal margins were gradually submerged. In these areas, reed swamp and saltmarsh formed which, too, were inundated for varying periods of time. However, in the calmer warmer weather of the late spring and summer, birds and mammals were drawn on to the mudflats where they could feed on molluscs, or new reed and sedge shoots, wallow in the cooling mud, drink the brackish water or, for some predators, hunt. The behavioural tendencies of some species are revealed by their footprints which show their engagement within this environment – some breeds moved on to the marshes while others moved away. The humans who shared this landscape understood the opportunities offered by these predictable behaviours. Their trails run along and across those left by many species, leaving a visible network of human and animal activity preserved in the hardened mud. These will be described through an examination of the footprints recorded in three contexts which formed the stratigraphy of a Mesolithic bed at Formby Point in North West England. The persistent return to the mudflats by generations of people reflects an embodied knowledge of this coastal landscape, learnt in childhood and practiced in adulthood. The ability to modify movements in the landscape, to respond to the daily tides, the changing seasons and a fluctuating environment, all suggest a spatial-temporal relationship which not only encompassed a dynamic environment but also the other life that dwelt within it.
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Labrusse, Rémi. "“… And Those Who Expect to Return to the Source Will Find Fog”: Resonances of Prehistory in Modern Art". In Deep-Time Images in the Age of Globalization, 193–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54638-9_13.
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AbstractSince the authentication of Paleolithic cave paintings at the beginning of the twentieth century, modern artists have approached deep-time remnants (including images, tools, and traces of all sorts) in three main ways: they have either represented them, imitated them, or made them resonate conceptually and emotionally in their own artwork. In general, these attitudes—representation (or contextualization), imitation (or reenactment), and resonance (or meditation)—are at the core of modern ‘primitivism’. They have shaped the different ways of dealing with aesthetically-distant artworks and the quest for supposedly authentic origins in them. Within this ‘primitivist’ framework, I argue in this chapter that modern artists have a specific kind of relation with ‘prehistoric art’, one that privileges time rather than space. I suggest that what has attracted them is the “dark abyss of time” and, in particular, the shocking contrast between the sheer materiality of ‘prehistoric art’ (see, for instance, the freshness of a number of rock images) and the immesurable temporal lapse that separates these images from us. To be more precise, I will show how, at least in modern art, the ‘quest for the origins’ (so popular in the field of archaeology) has somewhat been substituted by a fascination for the unaccountability of time. In this context, I argue that modern and contemporary artists did not only react to new discoveries and interpretations in the archeological field but, moreover, they have actively contributed to promoting a relationship to prehistory that is more conceptual than factual and, therefore, producing a globalized concept of ‘prehistoric art’ that has been with us for many decades.
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Pott, Richard. "Changes in the Landscape and Vegetation Under the Influence of Prehistoric and Historic Man in Central Europe". In Geobotany Studies, 75–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68738-4_4.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Prehistorica Man"
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Prepelita, Afanasie, e Tudor Trifan. "Terrestrial molluscs and paleoecology of prehistoric man living floor in the middle Nistru basin". In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.57.
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Seglins, Valdis, e Agnese Kukela. "THE PLOCHATA DOLMEN NEAR ZLATOSEL, BULGARIA". In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2022/s04.05.
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Bulgaria is extremely rich in prehistoric and historic monuments. Among Bulgaria�s outstanding monuments there are not only the well-known Varna Necropolis and Provadia-Solnitsata ancient salt mining and urban center, but also numerous other megalithic prehistoric monuments. Until now, they have been identified and recognized mainly as alone - standing objects. Current paper focuses on the study carried out in the vicinity of Zlatosel village on the prehistoric site of the Plochata Dolmen. The study indicates that this large area consists of a complex of ancient buildings� ruins and fragments of megalithic structures. The most notable fragment of an ancient complex structure is so-called portal dolmen, which has been adapted for sun observation during much later times, when the monuments of the megalithic culture had already lost their significance. This ancient culture is evidenced not only by numerous ruins of megalithic monuments easily recognizable in a large area (including the northern shore of the lake Dondukovo), but also by many signs and symbols still visible on the exposed surfaces of the natural rock walls and several man-made natural rock formations and their groups. The study reveals that closer attention should be paid also to the shapes given to the individual stone material monoliths and the quality of the surface treatment. This is an important indication not only of the quality of the tools used by the ancient craftsmen, but also of their skills and ability to do their job with sufficient precision.
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Petrognani, S. "NEW APPROACH IN AN EMBLEMATIC SITE: THE PALEOLITHIC CAVE OF LA MOUTHE (DORDOGNE, FRANCE)". In Знаки и образы в искусстве каменного века. Международная конференция. Тезисы докладов [Электронный ресурс]. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-308-4.24.
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Our project for the cave of La Mouthe incorporates a current dynamic of rereading rock art sites, and developing new problems of analysis. The knowledge acquired since the 1990s on archaeological data, with the discovery of major sites for prehistoric art, as well as methodological, with advances in radiocarbon dating, microanalyses of materials and context, or 3D digitization, have profoundly renewed our perception of prehistoric art. In the face of these new data, the re-reading of previously studied sites brings many new data, and a valuable re-reading of the graphic contexts of Paleolithic art. Marsoulas, La Baume-Latrone, the Bernoux fully materialize this dynamic. Our approach therefore aims to place the cave of La Mouthe in the context of its chrono-cultural context. Updating the inventory of its representations through a prospecting operation on the walls and rock art surveys is necessary but insufficient in this overall archaeological approach. The review of the exhumed material, the control of the various interventions past in situ, and a better consideration of the karstological and geomorphological problems will allow in the coming years to put in place a decisive argument with a view to carry out possible new internal or external excavations.
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Botezatu, Andrei, Natalia Mocanu e Nicoleta Mateoc-Sirb. "The Pergola system and its benefits in growing table grapes". In 4th Economic International Conference "Competitiveness and Sustainable Development". Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2022.35.
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The grapevine is considered one of the oldest plants cultivated by man, and thanks to its properties such as drought resistance, its taste and decorative qualities, it is more in demand than other plants. On our lands, the grapevine has appeared since prehistoric times, and today it has come to include one of the most important agricultural branches of our country. The Republic of Moldova has rich traditions in growing grapes, both table grapes and wine grapes are produced here. But the climate changes that are increasingly changing our area require the implementation of new technologies, which allow obtaining large, quality harvests with minimal risks. Thus, the establishment of vine plantations according to the Pergola/Tendone system, is one of the most optimal and efficient methods of multiplying the annual harvest.
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Sassen, Kenneth. "Rainbows in The Indian Rock Art of Desert Western America". In Light and Color in the Open Air. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lcoa.1990.the2.
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Scattered throughout the Great Basin and the drainages of the upper Colorado and Rio Grande Rivers is a legacy of prehistoric and historic (i.e., post-Spanish contact) Indian rock art that represents a several-thousand year old tradition of creating culturally meaningful images on stone. Depending on the nature of the stone surface, and also on the intent of the "artist", the images were either pecked, scratched or abraded into the stone, or painted on suitably smooth and protected cliff walls. The terms petroglyph and pictograph are respectively applied to these two basic techniques. Petroglyphs typically were pecked through the dark patina coating, which slowly develops on many rock surfaces in the desert environment, to disclose the lighter colored rock beneath, whereas mineral-based pigments were employed in making pictographs. Among the inventory of images are human-like (anthropomorphic) and animal (zoomorphic) forms, as well as a large variety of abstract elements and more esoteric designs that are subject to various interpretations. With time, the rock art of the Great Basin area generally evolved from the abstract to the more representational, although many abstract designs remained popular (i.e., meaningful) throughout the area's long history.
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Sten, Sabine. "Sacrificed animals in Swedish Late Iron Age monumental mound burials". In Bones, behaviour and belief. The osteological evidence as a source for Greek ritual practice. Swedish Institute at Athens, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/actaath-4-55-16.
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Osteological analyses of prehistoric burials from Sweden often consider skeletal remains not only from the buried person, but also from animals. During the Swedish Iron Age Period (500 BC to AD 1050) cremation was common and towards the end of the period (AD 400 to 1050) many different animal species represented by a high number of individuals are often found in a single cremation grave. The skeletal remains represent animals that have been sacrificed and buried together with the dead person. Sometimes only parts of the animal bodies are found in the grave while in other instances the whole animal is present. The animal bone finds can be divided into two groups: animals that have been consumed, such as cattle, pig and sheep, and animals that were used in daily life such as dogs, horses, cats and birds of prey. Dogs are the most common animal in the cremation graves, while finds of birds of prey in particular indicate the high status of the buried person and suggest that falconry was practised.
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Purnell, Maria Kathryn N. "The Prevailing Art and Tradition of Intentional Dental Modification in Prehistoric Southeast Asia | Ang Namamayaning Sining at Tradisyon ng Intensyonal na Modipikasyon ng Ngipin sa Sinaunang Timog-Silangang Asya". In The SEAMEO SPAFA International Conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFACON2021). SEAMEO SPAFA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafa.pqcnu8815a-06.
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Since prehistoric times, humans have changed select characteristics of their bodies, such as tattooing, hair-dyeing, cranial and feet deforming, and teeth modifying. Teeth are some of the most well-preserved remains in the archaeological record, with which we can study past cultural and ritualistic beliefs. Previous publications on dental modifications in Southeast Asia are mostly limited to the mainland, thus this paper reviews modifications observed in prehistoric sites across Southeast Asia, identifying common techniques and motivations. Findings show occurrence of dental ablation, filing, plating, and coloration, which began in the Neolithic, disappeared in the Bronze Age, but reappeared in the Iron Age, although the absence may be due to sampling shortage. Modifications have been associated to aestheticism, group identity, rite of passage, practicality, and medical benefit, but whether these all ring true remains uncertain. It is recommended that future research expand scope for better data representation, analyze modifications with context of community profiles, and investigate the significance of migration in the prevalence of certain techniques and patterns as part of understanding the cultural aspects of past humans’ lives, and assess the cultural (dis)continuity of these traditions into modern-day forms of body modification, art, healing, self-expression, and identity. Magmula sinaunang panahon, maitatala ang mga pagbabagong pisikal sa katawan, tulad ng pagtatato, pagkukulay ng buhok, at pag-iiba-anyo ng ulo, paa, at ngipin. Nabibilang ang ngipin sa mga lubos na napepreserbang artepakto sa arkiyoloji, at sa gayo’y magagamit pang-aral ng mga nakalipas na kultura at ritwal. Kasalukuyang limitado sa mainland ng Timog-Silangang Asya ang saliksik sa intensyonal na modipikasyon ng ngipin, kaya tatalakayin dito ang mga sinaunang modipikasyong nabanggit sa buong rehiyon, at tutukuyin ang pagkakatulad sa mga teknik at motibasyon. Nagsimula ang paglaganap ng sadyang pagtatanggal, pagliliha, pagkakalupkop, at pagkukulay ng ngipin noong Panahong Neolitiko, naglaho noong Panahong Tanso, at bumalik muli pagsapit ng Panahong Bakal, ngunit maaaring iukol ang paglaho sa kakulangan ng datos. Hindi pa tiyak, pero pwedeng ang mga modipkasyon sa estetisismo, pakikisama, pagriritwal, praktikalidad, at benepisyong-medikal. Inirerekomendang palawakin sa susunod na saliksik ang sakop para sa mas mabuting representasyon ng datos, suriin ang mga modipikasyon sa konteksto ng komunidad, at imbestigahan ang kahalagahan ng migrasyon sa paglaganap ng mga partikular na teknik at padron habang inuunawa ang mga aspetong kultural ng sinaunang panahon, at tasahan ang pagpapatuloy (o hindi) ng mga tradisyong nabanggit sa kasalukuyang modipikasyon ng katawan, sining, paggagamot, pagpapahayag ng sarili, at identidad.
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Tomašević, Dragan, Dragan Milić e Goran Šatara. "Evaluation and prediction of the development of fitness clubs in Serbia". In Antropološki i teoantropološki pogled na fizičke aktivnosti (10). University of Priština – Faculty of Sport and Physical Education in Leposavić, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/atavpa24006t.
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As we enter the 21st century, one of the greatest achievements to be celebrated is the continuous pursuit of fitness since the dawn of man's existence. During prehistoric times, man's quest for fitness was followed by a desire to survive through hunting and gathering. Today, although they no longer affect subsistence needs, fitness is still important to health and well-being. The history of fitness starts from primitive man to the basis of modern movement and movement. The aim of the work is to determine the real possibilities of development of fitness clubs in Serbia based on representative data on the state of the clubs and their quality. The sample of respondents consisted of owners or managers of fitness clubs from the entire territory of the Republic of Serbia. The number of clubs where data was collected is N=110. The *QUESTIONNAIRE used is a modified version (with their permission) of the German fitness association DSSV. We can say that the clubs in Serbia are well developed. The number of fitness clubs in Serbia is still not in line with the European average. The trend in the number of members of fitness clubs in Serbia is increasing. In relation to these results, we can conclude that there are real possibilities for the development of fitness clubs in Serbia in accordance with European standards. It is estimated that the number of clubs in Serbia will grow at this rate for a maximum of 3 more years.
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Uslu, Kamil. "The History of the Cannabis Plant, its Place in the Economies of Countries, and its Strategic Importance". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02694.
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Cannabis is a plant that is extraordinarily useful and has been used in almost every form for thousands of years by mankind. It is a small family of flowering plants, also known as the cannabis family. This family contains about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including Cannabis, Humulus, and Celtis. Obtaining the drug, which is a by-product of cannabis, is shown as a potential danger to societies. Despite this, it should not be ignored that hemp is gaining more importance in our global world. The economic and social benefits of cannabis, which are very important in human history, still maintain their place today. It can be said that political preferences are more prominent here. Cannabis has been freely used by a large part of the world's population since prehistoric times. There are countries that stand out in the history of hemp. These; Among the Chinese, Indians, the Native Americans are prominent. The areas where cannabis is used; It acts as a natural filter in paper production, textile industry, agriculture, energy, automotive industry, cleaning carbon dioxide in the air. In addition, hemp, which is widely used in medicine, is a strategic plant that is also used in many areas.
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D’Cunha, A. "Seabed Mining & Technology". In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217080-ms.
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Abstract Humans from time immemorial have been exploring, mining, and utilizing the earth’s minerals to make tools etc. to push their limits and improve their lives. From prehistoric times, when man began mining flint to make hand tools & weaponry, to mining of copper, silver, and gold in the early centuries (B.C), to the current day, humans are extracting earth’s precious minerals to make critical components for smart phones, rechargeable batteries, solar cells, and wind turbines. Due to the ever-increasing demand for these critical electronic components, the need & hunger for precious metals such as cobalt, manganese, nickel & other rare elements are significantly higher than previous centuries. If we were to ramp up conventional land-based mining to meet the growing demand for these elements, there would be a significant environmental cost. Rather, a more attractive mining solution lies elsewhere, i.e., the last bastion of these rich & plentiful mineral resources on earth, the ocean seabed. The discussion of mining the seabed for polymetallic nodules raise numerous ethical & environmental concerns. These relate to the potential irreversible damage and destruction to the unique and delicate ecosystems that exists on the seabed. In an already damaged, overheating & stressed world, further research is required to mitigate our environmental footprint, while managing the demand for these minerals. The objective of this paper is to discuss and review the technologies involved in the recovery of these mineral rich deposits while also highlighting the environmental concerns associated with seabed mining.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Prehistorica Man"
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Martín Cólliga, Araceli. Prehistoric copper mining in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula: La Turquesa or Mas de les Moreres Mine (Cornudella de Montsant, Tarragona, Spain). Edicions i Publicacions de la UdL, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/rap.2019.29.12.
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Story, Madison. Fort Riley firing ranges and military training lands : a history and analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), outubro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47744.
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The US Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), the nation’s most effective cultural resources legislation to date, mostly through establishing the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The NHPA requires federal agencies to address their cultural resources, which are defined as any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object. Section 110 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to inventory and evaluate their cultural resources, and Section 106 requires them to determine the effect of federal undertakings on those potentially eligible for the NRHP. Fort Riley is in north-central Kansas within Riley and Geary Counties. It consists of six functional areas, including the Main Post, Camp Funston, Marshall Army Airfield (MAAF), Camp Whitside, Camp Forsyth, and Custer Hill. This report provides a historic context for ranges, features, and buildings associated with the post’s training lands in support of Section 110 of the NHPA.
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Smith, Adam, e Megan Tooker. Character-defining features of the Buffalo south mole (south pier), NY. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), abril de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46743.
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The US Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), the nation’s most effective cultural resources legislation to date, mostly through establishing the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The NHPA requires federal agencies to address their cultural resources, which are defined as any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object. The precursor to the Corps of Engineers erected the mole (a.k.a., the south pier) in the early 1820s at the entrance to the Buffalo harbor. The area on top of and surrounding the mole was modified through the past two hundred years, many of the character-defining features remain including the stone retaining walls, talus, stairs, and lighthouse identified in plans and drawings from the period of construction. Notably lost is the stone tow path, or banquette, and the stone incline on the south side of the mole is no longer visible. The researchers recommend a period of significance of c. 1820 through 1972 (50 years) since the mole has continued its original use of keeping the entrance to the Buffalo River open for freight and recreational boating traffic through the present day.
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Saville, Alan, e Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, junho de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Atkinson, Dan, e Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, setembro de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, setembro de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research. Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices. Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed. Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data. Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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Hall, Mark, e Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, setembro de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.