Teses / dissertações: "Precision health"

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Sloan-Heggen, Christina Marie. "Precision health and deafness–optimizing genetic diagnosis". Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6287.

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Deafness is the most common sensory deficit in humans. In the United States 1-2 in a thousand babies is born with significant deafness, well over half of which is hereditary. Providing a patient and their family with a genetic diagnosis is the ultimate form of precision health and medicine; it can provide education, impact medical testing and treatment, provide peace of mind, and someday will be the key to providing gene specific therapies. Historically, providing this diagnosis was difficult, expensive, and time consuming due to the extreme clinical and genetic heterogeneity of non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL). Targeted genomic enrichment and massively parallel sequencing (TGE+MPS) have revolutionized the field of precision health and medicine, allowing for comprehensive genetic diagnosis of many complicated conditions, including NSHL. To take advantage of this advance in technology, the OtoSCOPE® platform was created, targeting all known deafness-causing genes and creating the first comprehensive genetic test for this condition. With the implementation of OtoSCOPE® we aspire to accomplish two aims: providing comprehensive genetic diagnosis for patients all over the world and characterizing the full spectrum of hereditary hearing loss. The goal of my thesis work has been to use OtoSCOPE® to better understand the landscape of NSHL in multiple populations and to use this knowledge to further optimize it to be the most effective and tailored diagnostic tool possible for individuals with deafness. In order to achieve these goals, we investigated a few unique populations. We first evaluated the effectiveness of diagnosis of OtoSCOPE® on two preselected cohorts of 302 Iranian and 9 Cameroonian probands with autosomal recessive NSHL (ARNSHL). We can now better define the frequent causes of NSHL in Iranians with a high degree of inbreeding, and begin to understand the spectrum of deafness in Sub-Saharan Africa that has previously been underutilized. Next we sought to determine the spectrum of hearing loss within a clinical cohort in the United States by evaluating 1119 sequentially accrued probands for whom the OtoSCOPE® panel was ordered as a diagnostic test. This analysis allowed us to determine the overall diagnostic success of OtoSCOPE® (39%), the most common genes responsible for NSHL, the overall breadth of genes that can be identified within a cohort like this (49 genes), and patient characteristics which impact the likelihood of providing a positive diagnosis. This study permitted us to recommend use of OtoSCOPE® or other TGE+MPS diagnostic tools early in the diagnostic process of a patient with NSHL. Finally, we interrogated the contribution of syndromic forms of deafness which may actually manifest as NSHL (NSHL mimics) within two deafness cohorts. We performed a retrospective chart review of 14 families with syndromic deafness seen by the Genetic-Eye-Ear Clinics to determine which methods are the most efficient and effective at providing an accurate diagnosis through the combination of collaborative clinical and molecular genetic diagnostic tools. We also performed a secondary analysis of 2384 sequentially accrued probands clinically evaluated with OtoSCOPE®, specifically evaluating the impact of panel versioning and inclusion of additional NSHL mimics. We recommend use of OtoSCOPE® as a diagnostic tool to most patients with apparent NSHL, and utilize an automatic positive feedback loop to ensure the most comprehensive and accurate diagnosis possible. All of these studies have lead to the better understanding of the genes and variants that cause NSHL and its mimics, providing a more accurate genetic diagnosis, which is prerequisite to a future of targeted genetic therapies.

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2

Manrai, Arjun Kumar. "Statistical foundations for precision medicine". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97826.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Physicians must often diagnose their patients using disease archetypes that are based on symptoms as opposed to underlying pathophysiology. The growing concept of "precision medicine" addresses this challenge by recognizing the vast yet fractured state of biomedical data, and calls for a patient-centered view of data in which molecular, clinical, and environmental measurements are stored in large shareable databases. Such efforts have already enabled large-scale knowledge advancement, but they also risk enabling large-scale misuse. In this thesis, I explore several statistical opportunities and challenges central to clinical decision-making and knowledge advancement with these resources. I use the inherited heart disease hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) to illustrate these concepts. HCM has proven tractable to genomic sequencing, which guides risk stratification for family members and tailors therapy for some patients. However, these benefits carry risks. I show how genomic misclassifications can disproportionately affect African Americans, amplifying healthcare disparities. These findings highlight the value of diverse population sequencing data, which can prevent variant misclassifications by identifying ancestry informative yet clinically uninformative markers. As decision-making for the individual patient follows from knowledge discovery by the community, I introduce a new quantity called the "dataset positive predictive value" (dPPV) to quantify reproducibility when many research teams separately mine a shared dataset, a growing practice that mirrors genomic testing in scale but not synchrony. I address only a few of the many challenges of delivering sound interpretation of genetic variation in the clinic and the challenges of knowledge discovery with shared "big data." These examples nonetheless serve to illustrate the need for grounded statistical approaches to reliably use these powerful new resources.
by Arjun Kumar Manrai.
Ph. D.

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3

Eliot, Trevor G. "Provider precision labs healthcare analytics and decision support". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111177.

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The healthcare industry is undergoing a shift due to changes in revenue cycles and therefore delivery models. This shift is causing horizontal integration among providers and a subsequent assumption of risk that behooves them to operate similar to a payer. Analytics, while used predominately by healthcare payers in the past, will now be applicable to providers of care. This opens the door to a niche consulting firm that can provide these services effectively and affordably. Provider Precision Labs is an idea for a company that can render payer-like services on the scale of regional provider groups but at a manageable cost to the owner and operator.

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4

GALASSO, ILARIA. "PRECISION MEDICINE IN SOCIETY: PROMISES, EXPECTATIONS AND CONCERNS AROUND SOCIAL AND HEALTH EQUITY". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/609264.

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This thesis analyzes precision medicine from an ethical and political perspective, especially in terms of distributive justice: it is aimed at investigating the kinds of benefits that can be produced after precision medicine, and the possible distributions of those benefits, by considering the consequent impact of precision medicine on social and health equity. Precision medicine is considered as a social construct subjected to different interpretations, and it is analyzed by mainly referring to two major case studies: the Precision Medicine Initiative in the US, and the 100,000 Genomes Project in the UK. The analysis focuses on the promises of precision medicine, as expressed in the discourses of the two projects, compared with the expectations and the concerns, as expressed in published comments and in fieldwork interviews with relevant stakeholders. The analysis investigated the scope of precision medicine with respect to public health, the inclusiveness of precision medicine, and the democratizing capacities. It emerged that there are different versions of precision medicine, which encompass different scopes and possibly produce different kinds of benefits. In particular, one version, by also including in its scope the social determinants of health, is argued to have the ‘societal potential’ to inform socio-political interventions to promote social equity and, in return, health equity. It is argued that, although the benefits directly deriving from precision medicine - tailored biomedical treatments and information supposed to empower individuals - risk to totally exclude socio-economically disadvantaged groups, thus preventing any solidarity-based participation, on the other hand, the implementation of the ‘social potential’ would foster the public good and a solidarity-based medicine, to the advantage of everybody. Some challenges for the actualization of this ‘societal potential’ are identified and discussed. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to overcoming those challenges by promoting the dialogue and the alignment between medical innovation and socio-political reforms.

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Arnold, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Linking Precision Medicine to Public Health: An Economic Perspective on Mammography Screening / Matthias Arnold". München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168534283/34.

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6

Mukwaya, Jovia Namugerwa. "An Investigation of Semantic Interoperability with EHR systems for Precision Dosing". Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279143.

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In healthcare, vulnerable populations that are using medications with a narrow therapeutic index and wide interpatient PK/PD (pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling) variability are increasing. As such, variable dosage regimens may result in severe therapeutic failures or adverse drug reactions (ADR). Improved monitoring of patient response to medication and personalization of treatment is therefore warranted. Precision dosing aims to individualize drug regimens for each patient based on independent factors obtained from a patient’s clinical records. Personalization of dosing increases the accuracy and efficiency of medication delivery. This can be achieved through utilizing the wide range of Electronic Health Records (EHR) contain the patients’ medical history, diagnoses, laboratory test results, demographics, treatment plans, biomarker data; information that can be exploited to generate a patient-specific treatment regimen. For example, Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) is an existing healthcare standard that provides a framework on which semantic exchange of meaningful clinical information can be developed such as using an ontology as a decision support tool to achieve precision medicine. The purpose of this thesis is to make an investigation of the feasibility of interoperability in EHR and propose an ontology framework for precision dosing using currently existing health standards. The methodology involved carrying out of semi-structured interviews from professionals in relevant areas of expertise and document analysis of already existent literature, a precision dosing ontology framework is developed. Results show key tenants for an ontology framework and drugs and their covariates. The thesis therefore advances to investigate how data requirements in EHR systems, IT platforms, implementation, and integration of Model Imposed Precision Dosing (MIPD) and recommendations have been evaluated to cater to interoperability. With modern healthcare striving for personalized healthcare, precision medicine would offer an improved therapeutic experience for a patient.

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7

Picard, Yani. "Improving the precision and accuracy of Monte Carlo simulation in positron emission tomography". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68241.

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PETSIM, a Monte Carlo simulation program of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) systems, was improved in terms of accuracy and efficiency. First, the accuracy, the speed and the ease of use of PETSIM were improved by using tabulated values of the Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption partial interaction attenuation coefficients for all common biological, collimator and detector materials. These were generated from chemical formula, or physical composition, and density of the absorbing medium.
Furthermore, simulations of PET systems waste considerable time generating events which will never be detected. For events in which the original photons are usually directed towards the detectors, the efficiency of the simulations was improved by giving the photons additional chances of being detected. For simulation programs which cascade the simulation process into source, collimation, and detection phases such as PETSIM, the additional detections resulted in an improvement in the simulation precision without requiring larger files of events from the source/phantom phase of the simulation. This also reduced the simulation time since fewer positron annihilations were needed to achieve a given statistical precision. This was shown to be a useful improvement over conventional Monte Carlo simulations of PET systems.

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Krieger, Glenn. "Cephalometric regional superimpositions -- digital vs. analog accuracy and precision : 1. the maxilla". Thesis, NSUWorks, 2014. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_cdm_stuetd/58.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to measure the displacement of defined dental structures, as a result of superimposition of cephalometric images across paired time-points by both digital and analog methods. The magnitudes of such displacements across three methods of superimposition were compared to each other and to a reference method constructed by registering superimposed cephalometric images on tantalum markers implanted in the study participants' maxillae. The defined dental structures were: 1) First molar mesial contact point; 2) First molar apical root bisection; 3) Central incisor root apex; 4) Central incisor crown incisal edge. Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 22 patients containing tantalum implants from the Mathews acquisition group were digitized, traced and superimposed using analog (implant and structural) and digital (Dolphin and QuickCeph) methods. Superimpositions were exported to Adobe Photoshop where they were scaled and displacement of defined dental landmarks measured using a Cartesian coordinate system. A random-effects, generalized linear model with Bonferroni adjustment was used to compare the different methods. Results: The structural method (p < 0.01) showed statistically significant differences versus the implant method and demonstrated the smallest 95% confidence interval range compared to Quick Ceph and Dolphin (0.45mm, 0.75mm, and 0.95mm, respectively). The four structural method landmarks demonstrated statistically significant differences versus the implant method (p

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9

Buran, Bradley N. (Bradley Nicholas). "Precision and reliability of cochlear nerve response in mice lacking functional synaptic ribbons". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54454.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-99).
Synaptic ribbons are electron-dense structures surrounded by vesicles and anchored to the presynaptic membrane of photoreceptors, retinal bipolar cells and hair cells. Ribbon synapses are characterized by sustained exocytosis that is graded with stimulus intensity and can achieve high release rates. Leading hypotheses implicate the ribbon in maintenance of a large readily releasable pool (RRP) of presynaptic vesicles which enables rapid and precisely-timed exocytosis that supports instantaneous discharge rates of well over 1000 spikes per second. To gain insight into the function of this specialized presynaptic molecular machinery, we characterized the response properties of single auditory nerve (AN) fibers in a mouse with targeted deletion of a presynaptic scaffolding gene, bassoon, in which ribbons are no longer anchored to the active zone. Since each mammalian AN fiber usually receives input from a single inner hair cell active zone to which a single ribbon is typically anchored, single-fiber recordings from bassoon mutants and control mice offer a sensitive functional metric of the contribution of individual ribbons to neural function. Response properties of mutant AN fibers were similar, in many respects, to wild-type. Spike intervals remained irregular, thresholds were unaffected, dynamic range was unchanged, spike synchronization to
(cont.) stimulus phase was unimpaired, the time course of post-onset adaptation and recovery from adaptation were normal, and the ability to sustain discharge throughout a long-duration stimulus was unaffected. These data indicate that the presynaptic mechanisms which regulate precise timing of exocytosis, graded release rates and sustained neurotransmitter release were not impaired by loss of the ribbon. However, reductions were seen in spontaneous and sound-evoked AN fiber discharge rates, coinciding with an increased variance of first spike timing to stimulus onset. Unlike fibers from wild-type mice, mutants failed to show increased peak rate as stimulus onset became more abrupt. The reduction of peak rates and increased first spike variance likely result from degraded reliability of discharge to stimulus onset via a mechanism such as reduced RRP size. Thus, the ribbon appears to support a large RRP that enables the rapid onset rates necessary for the auditory system to resolve stimulus features key for many perceptual tasks.
by Bradley N. Buran.
Ph.D.

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10

McCaffrey, Kevin. "Cephalometric regional superimpositions -- digital vs. analog accuracy and precision: 2. the mandible". Thesis, NSUWorks, 2014. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_cdm_stuetd/19.

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Introduction: Lateral cephalometric superimpositions (LCS) are used to measure dental and skeletal changes that occur in the craniofacial complex over time. Orthodontists use LCSs to assess treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to conduct an assessment of the measured displacement of defined dental landmarks across digital and analog methods of mandibular regional serial superimposition as compared to an implant-registered superimposition reference. The data used in this study was derived from the Mathew's Acquisition Group implant sample; the first United States longitudinal study of growing children with maxillary and mandibular Björk type metallic implants. Methods: Sixty-six lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected from twenty-two children. Three cephalometric tracings were completed for each subject that were then superimposed pairwise (T1 vs. T2, T2 vs. T3) across four separate methods of superimposition, two analog: Implant, Structural; and two digital: Dolphin, Quick Ceph. Each superimposition was then imported into Adobe Photoshop where the images were scaled and the displacement of defined dental structures was measured. Defined dental structures included: (1) first molar mesial contact point, (2) first molar apical root bisection, (3) central incisor root apex, and (4) central incisor crown incisal edge. A random-effects, generalized linear model was used to contrast dental landmark displacement measurements. Results: There was no difference between the mean displacement of defined dental structures between different methods (p=0.145). There was no difference between the different methods by defined dental structure (p=0.150). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that there are no statistically significant differences among three methods of mandibular regional superimposition in comparison to an implant-registered (reference) method (analog: Structural, Implant; digital: Dolphin, and Quick Ceph). The historical data set utilized in our study, limited by the small sample size, resulted in a relatively low power (0.15). A low power increases the likelihood of incorrectly failing to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false. which must be considered in our study.

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11

Chunara, Rumi. "Electronic readout of microchannel resonators for precision mass sensing in solution by Rumi Chunara". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57803.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-120).
Microfabricated transducers have enabled new approaches for detection of biomolecules and cells. Integration of electronics with these tools simplify systems and provide platforms for robust use outside of the laboratory setting. Suspended microchannel resonators (SMRs) are sensitive microfluidic platforms used to precisely measure the buoyant mass of single cells and monolayers of protein in fluid environments. Conventionally, micro cantilever deflection is measured by the optical-lever technique, wherein a laser beam is reflected off the cantilever onto a position sensitive photodiode. This thesis introduces microchannel resonators with electronic readout, eliminating the use of external optical components for resolving the sensor's resonant frequency. Piezo resistors have been fabricated on SMRs through ion implantation integrated with the existing SMR fabrication process. We fabricated two designs: one with a cantilever length of 210 pm and resonant frequency of -347 kHz, and the other with a cantilever length of 406 pm and resonant frequency of ~92 kHz. The work here builds upon knowledge of signal transduction from static and dynamic cantilever based sensors because the piezo resistors are implemented on vacuum encapsulated devices containing fluid. Electronic readout is shown to resolve the microchannel resonance frequency with an Allan variance of 5 x 10-18 (210 pm) and 2 x 1017 (406 pm) using a 100ms gate time, corresponding to a mass resolution of 0.1 and 0.4 fg respectively. This mass resolution calculated from piezoresistive readout frequency stability, is approximately 3X better than optical readout for the 210 pm device and 1.3X for the 406 pm device using the same gate time. Resolution is expected to improve with further optimization of the system. To demonstrate the readout, histograms of the buoyant masses of a mixture of size standard polystyrene beads (with nominal diameters 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 pm) and budding yeast cells were made.
Ph.D.

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12

Sinha, Vikram Paritosh 1969. "Prediction of in vivo hepatic clearance of selected compounds using the isolated perfused rat liver, precision-cut liver slices and hepatocytes". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282203.

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The overall objective of this dissertation was to estimate the in vivo hepatic clearance (CL(H)) of compounds using in vitro methods of drug metabolism. The isolated perfused rat liver, precision-cut liver slices and hepatocyte were used to estimate in vitro CL(H) and compared to in vivo CL(H) Two compounds, benzoic acid and tolbutamide were chosen as model compounds. An isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) apparatus was developed to measure hepatic extraction ratio. Three compounds, antipyrine, ethanol and lidocaine were used to characterize the apparatus. The ability of the IPRL to utilize oxygen was also investigated. Antipyrine extraction ratio was independent of perfusate flow rate, while the extraction of ethanol and lidocaine were flow-dependent. The extraction ratios of benzoic acid and tolbutamide were determined. The CL(H) of benzoic acid and tolbutamide was 4.43 ± 0.84 mL/min and 1.52 ± 0.59 mL/min, respectively. The intrinsic clearance of benzoic acid and tolbutamide was determined in precision-cut liver slices and scaled to the whole liver using total protein. The CL(H) of benzoic acid in rat liver slices was 2.13 ± 0.71 mL/min, while the intrinsic clearance in humans was 270 mL/min. The CL(H) of tolbutamide in rat and human liver slices was 0.019 mL/min and 3.16 mL/min, respectively. The intrinsic clearance of benzoic acid and tolbutamide was determined in rat hepatocytes and scaled to the whole liver using total number of cells in the rat liver. The CL(H) of benzoic acid and tolbutamide in rat hepatocytes was 3.55 ± 1.29 mL/min and 0.57 ± 0.16 mL/min, respectively. The CL(H) of benzoic acid and tolbutamide on intravenous dosing in the rat was 8.02 ± 1.01mL/min and 0.49 ± 0.06 mL/min, respectively. Precision cut liver slices under-estimated the CL(H) of benzoic acid and tolbutamide. The under-estimation is probably due to the inability of the drug to permeate the liver slice over the short time course of the initial rate experiments. The CL(H) of benzoic acid and tolbutamide in rats was better predicted by the IPRL and hepatocytes.

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Mazumdar, Sohinee. "Geographic information systems in the application of precision agriculture for sustainable sugarcane production in the Republic of Panama". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18772.

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have revolutionized the development of the sophisticated resource management method known as Precision Agriculture (PA). PA involves the wise management of agricultural inputs based on knowledge of soil and plant health heterogeneity over a field, in order to minimize environmental impact and increase economic efficiency. A GIS platform was created as the basis of PA implementation at Azucarera Nacional sugarcane plantation in Panama. Field data collection took place over two years, from 2005 to 2006. A digital map of Mangote plantation was created and linked to production records. Detailed field sampling was also conducted on seven parcels of Mangote plantation, including soil conductivity monitoring and plant chlorophyll monitoring. Data was spatially interpolated to create raster coverages. Soil salinity variation within some parcels studied justifies the creation of soil salinity management zones. Salinity zones were found to be relatively stable over the study period and in general conductivity at a depth was higher than at the surface. The root mean square errors obtained using Inverse Distance Weighting as opposed to Ordinary Kriging did not vary greatly, and hence it is recommended to use the simpler method (IDW) at the study site. Plant chlorophyll profiles revealed nitrogen deficiencies in some study parcels. Plant chlorophyll also showed within parcel variability as well as variability over the study period. No direct spatial correlation was found between conductivity readings and plant chlorophyll readings, although parcels with extreme salinity showed depressed chlorophyll values. The ground-based chlorophyll sampling showed no correlation with NDVI, however the NDVI coverages were deemed useful for the visual identification of plant stress. In general, GIS based management shows promise in improving Azucarera Nacional's agricultural efficiency.
Les systèmes d'information géographiques (SIG) a révolutionné l'élaboration de la méthode sophistiquée de gestion connue sous le nom d'agriculture de précision (AP). L'AP implique la gestion sage des entrées agricoles basées sur la connaissance de l'hétérogénéité de santé de sol et des récoltes dans un champ, afin de réduire au minimum les impactes sur l'environnement et augmenter l'efficacité économique. Une plateforme de SIG a été créée comme base d'exécution de AP à la plantation de canne à sucre d'Azucarera Nacional au Panama. La collection de données a eu lieu sur deux ans, de 2005 à 2006. Une carte digitale de la plantation Mangote a été créée et liée aux dossiers de production. Le prélèvement de données dans le champ a été conduit sur sept champs particuliers de la plantation Mangote, quel incluse une enquête de conductivité de sol et des mesures de chlorophylle. Des données ont été interpolées pour créer des surfaces continues. La variation considérable de salinité de sol dans quelques champs étudiés justifie la création des zones de gestion de salinité de sol. Des zones de gestion de salinité sont relativement stables au cours de la période d'étude et en général la conductivité à une profondeur est plus haute que sur la surface. Les erreurs quadratiques moyenne obtenues en utilisant IDW, en comparaison avec OK, n'ont pas changé considérablement et par conséquent on lui recommande l'IDW comme l'option le plus simple. Les profils de chlorophylle ont indiquées insuffisances d'azote pour quelques champs. Les profiles de chlorophylle ont également montrée la variabilité dedans les champs, aussi bien que la variabilité au cours de la période d'étude. Aucune corrélation directe n'a été trouvé entre les lectures de conductivité et les lectures de chlorophylle bien qu'en général les champs avec la salinité extrême aient montré des valeurs diminuées de chlorophylle. Le système de pr

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Shaw, Douglas. "Cephalometric regional superimpositions -- digital vs. analog accuracy and precision : 3. the cranial base". Thesis, NSUWorks, 2014. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_cdm_stuetd/18.

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Objective. To assess the accuracy and precision in measurement of pairwise implant displacement across three methods of cranial base superimposition. Background. Cephalometric superimposition is the principal radiographic method used to evaluate changes within the craniofacial skeleton. Many studies have examined the accuracy of software intended to produce cephalometric superimposition. Such studies have utilized anatomic landmarks, selected by the respective software manufacturers, as registration points for constructing superimpositions and their analysis. As a result, these studies are only as accurate as the stability and validity of anatomic registration landmarks used. To our knowledge, no other study has utilized metallic implants to critically assess digital vs. analog cephalometric cranial base superimposition. Methods. Serial cephalograms from twenty-two patients across three time points containing metallic implants were obtained from the Mathews Acquisition Group. Each of the sixty-six cephalograms was traced by hand and digitally. Cranial base superimpositions were completed according to the analog structural method proposed by Björk and Skieller, and Johnston, and then by Dolphin version 11.5 and Quick Ceph Studio V3.2.8 digital software according to manufactures instructions. Total displacement measurements of selected implants across paired time points were recorded for both digital methods and analog method of superimposition with analog serving as the reference. Results: There were no statistically significant contrasts of mean total displacement of implants by superimposition method (p = 0.999). No significant differences are reported in mean implant displacement when comparing digital to analog superimposition methods for contrasts by time, structure, or implant location. Conclusions: The results show that there are no significant differences in accuracy and precision of digital and analog cranial base superimposition. The results of this study suggest that cranial base superimpositions on S-Na that are registered on S may be a good approximation of the structural method of cranial base superimposition. There are many methodological differences between digital and analog cranial base superimposition and future research examining such differences is recommended.

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Gashi, Tomor, e Eddie Larsson. "A standardized method for evaluating trueness and precision of intraoral scanners – in vitro accuracy". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19925.

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Bakgrund. En gyllene standard för att bestämma noggrannheten för intraorala scannrarexisterar inte. Intraorala scannrars prestanda som ges av olika leverantörer är inte fulltjämförbara. Det finns ett behov att standardisera och ta fram oberoende försöksupplägg för att kunna jämföra intraorala scannrar.Mål. Målet med studien var att beskriva och utvärdera en ny metod för att bestämmanoggrannheten av intraorala scannrar genom ett standardiserat in vitro testförsök och attanvända metoden för att beräkna noggrannheten på en kommersiell intraoral scanner.Material och metod. SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut definierade dimensionerna avett sfäriskt testobjekt. Sfären besprutades med titanoxid och skannades 12 gånger med enkommersiell intraoral scanner. Scanningarna utvärderades med två metoder. Manuell metod: sfärens diameter uppmättes 12 gånger i ett första mjukvaruprogram för varje scanning genom att justera ett tvärsnittsplan. Automatisk metod: 12 nominella diametrar beräknades från ett andra mjukvaruprogram. Noggrannheten beräknades för varje testmetod och jämfördes.Resultat. Referensmätning: den definierade diameter var 4,9991±0,0001mm. Manuell metod: riktigheten var 25μm och precisionen var 10μm. Medelprecisionen inom scanningar var 4μm. Automatisk metod: Riktigheten var 26μm och precisionen var 11μm. Alla testvärden uppvisade stark statistisk deviation från referensvärdet, men väl inom ett kliniskt acceptabelt intervall.Slutsatser. Inom den här in vitro-studiens begränsningar, kan den beskrivna,standardiserade metoden användas manuellt eller med den automatiska funktionen Fittingsphere för att beräkna noggrannheten för intraorala scannrar. Fler studier på mer komplexa objekt behöver utföras. Dessutom uppvisade den intraorala scannern (TRIOS) hög riktighet och precision, jämförbar eller bättre än traditionella avtrycksmetoder inom tandvården.
AbstractBackground. There is no gold standard for determining the accuracy of intraoral scanners. The performances of intraoral scanners given by different manufacturers are not fully comparable. There is a need for standardized and independent test setups to enable the comparison of intraoral scanners.Objectives. The study’s aims were to describe and evaluate a new method for determining the accuracy of any intraoral scanner by means of a standardized geometrical in vitro test and to use this method for determining the accuracy of a commercial intraoral scanner.Material and methods. The Technical Research Institute of Sweden defined the dimensions of a spherical test object. The sphere was spray-coated with TiO2 and scanned 12 times with a commercial intraoral scanner. The scans where evaluated using two methods. Manual method: The diameter of the sphere was measured 12 times for each scan in a software application by adjusting a cross-sectional plane. Automatic method: 12 nominal diameters were obtained with a software application. The accuracy was calculated for each test method and compared. Results. Reference measurement: The defined diameter was 4.9991±0.0001mm. Manual method: Trueness was 25 µm and precision was 10 µm. Mean precision within scans was 4 µm. Automatic method: Trueness was 26 µm and precision was 11 µm. All test values showed sharp significant deviations from the reference value but were well within range of clinical acceptance.Conclusions. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the standardized in vitro test described can be used manually or with the automatic function Fitting Sphere for determining the accuracy of intraoral scanners. Further studies need to be performed on more complex objects. The commercial intraoral scanner (TRIOS) demonstrates a high level of trueness and precision which is comparable with or better than that shown with traditional impression methods.

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Coholic, Alexander, e Fanny Hellberg. "Reliability and precision of root length measurements in cone beam CT images: a study of adolescents". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19758.

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Bakgrund: Under en ortodontisk behandling med fast apparatur finns det en risk för att tänderna drabbas av rotresorption. Rotresorptioner kan mätas med hjälp av Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Mätresultatet kan dock variera mellan olika observatörer och mätfel kan uppstå vilket påverkar metodens tillförlitlighet.Syfte: Att beräkna det mätfel som uppstår vid mätning av rotresorptioner som uppstår till följd av en ortodontisk behandling i CBCT-bilder och utvärdera mätmetodens tillförlitlighet. Metod: Tio ungdomar som genomgick ortodontisk behandling undersöktes med hjälp av CBCT-röntgen av båda käkar (tand 16-26 samt 36-46). Fem observatörer mätte tändernas rotlängd i utvalda CBCT-snitt. Studien omfattade 100 rötter från totalt 90 tänder. Mätningen upprepades av samma observatörer vid ett senare tillfälle. Tillförlitlighet utvärderades med intraklass-korrelationskoefficient (ICC 2.1) med 95% konfidensintervall. Mätfelet beräknades med Dahlbergs formel och standard moment of measure variance estimator (MME)-formel. Resultat: Tillförlitligheten mellan observatörer uppmättes till ICC = 0,88 under den första mätningen och ICC = 0,87 vid den upprepade mätningen. Inom observatörerna uppmättes tillförlitligheten till ICC = 0,84-0,92. Mätfelet uppmätt med Dahlbergs formel var 0,44-0,64 mm för samtliga tänder och observatörer. Det största mätfelet uppstod vid mätning av kuspider, 0,4-1,15 mm. Det minsta mätfelet uppstod vid mätning av molarer, 0,42-0,53 mm. Mätfelet vid mätning av premolarer och incisiver var 0,42-0,70 respektive 0,43-0,66 mm. När mätfelet beräknades med MME-formeln erhölls liknande resultat. Konklusion: Mätning av rotlängd i CBCT-bilder uppvisar hög reliabilitet inom och mellan olika observatörer. Precisionen varierar mellan olika tandgrupper och observatörer, men vid mätning av allvarliga rotresorptioner (>2 mm) är metoden pålitlig. CBCT anses vara en pålitlig metod för mätning av rotresorptioner som uppstått till följd av ortodontisk behandling. Vid studier där en mätning utförs bör reliabilitet och precision tas i beaktande.
Background: An orthodontic treatment may cause root resorption of varying extent on the involved teeth. The resulting root resorption can be measured in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. However, measurement results may vary among different raters because of measurement errors, affecting the reliability of the method of measurement. Objectives: To evaluate reliability and precision of measurement of root length following orthodontic treatment in CBCT images. Methods: Ten adolescents participating in a trial of orthodontic treatment were examined with CBCT of both jaws. Five raters measured root length in preselected CBCT images of 100 roots from 90 teeth. The measurements were later repeated by the same raters. Reliability was expressed as intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC 2.1). Measurement error was calculated with Dahlberg’s formula and standard moment of measure variance estimator (MME)formula. Results: The inter-rater reliability for all raters had an ICC-value of 0,88 for the first measurement and an ICC-value of 0,87 for the second measurement. The intra-rater reliability for all raters had an ICC-value between 0,84-0,92. Measurement error calculated with the Dahlberg's formula ranged between 0,44-0,64 mm for all teeth for all raters. The largest difference of measurement error between raters was observed in canines, 0,44-1,15 mm. The smallest measurement error was observed in molars, 0,42-0,53 mm. Measurement errors calculated by the MME formula showed similar results. Conclusion: Root length measurements in CBCT-images show high intra- and inter rater reliability. The precision varies between raters and tooth groups but measurements of severe root resorptions (>2 mm) are reliable with this method. The reliability and precision of a method should always be considered when conducting measurement studies. CBCT could be considered a reliable method for measurement of root resorption following orthodontic treatment with different orthodontic appliances.

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Lyttkens, Peter. "Epidemiologiska modeller för herpesvirusets roll i kognitiv svikt". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Folkhälsovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447420.

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Introduction: Cognitive impairment is converted for 15% to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is incurable. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and its interaction with allele ε4 of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE-ε4) may be possible risk factors for cognitive impairment. Here, suggestions for implementation of Precision Public Health (PPH) is also presented; population studies of relevant biomarkers of infectious burden and data from health outcomes with the aim of remedying public health crises, monitoring diseases, anticipating risks and using public health initiatives adapted to risk groups to increase understanding of diseases, such as AD. Method: An analysis of 1013 people aged 75 from the cohort, Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS), was performed. Linear mixed models (LMM) were used to investigate whether anti-HSV1 IgG and ApoE-ε4 are associated with risk of developing cognitive impairment over 5 years. Anti-HSV1 IgG in serum was detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and cognitive impairment was examined by Mini Mental State Examination. Results: Neither anti-HSV1 IgG positivity nor its interaction with ApoE-ε4 were associated with cognitive impairment. Discussion: Studies of HSV1 without HSV2 or HSV show mixed results. Therefore, we do not yet have sufficient evidence to implement PPH-interventions against these risks. Other cognitive tests that are more sensitive to early changes and adjustment for underrepresented groups may potentially contribute to a more accurate analysis.
Bakgrund: Kognitiv nedsättning övergår för 15 % till Alzheimers sjukdom (AD) som är obotlig. Denna studie har målsättningen att undersöka om Herpes simplex virus typ 1 (HSV1) och dess interaktion med riskvarianten allel ε4 av genen Apolipoprotein E (ApoE-ε4) kan vara möjliga riskfaktorer för kognitiv nedsättning. I arbetet diskuteras även hur man genom Precision Public Health (PPH) kan studera befolkningen med avseende på relevanta biomarkörer och data från hälsoutfall med syfte att avhjälpa folkhälsokriser, övervaka sjukdomar och förutse risker såsom sjunkande kognition och med folkhälsoinsatser anpassade till riskgrupper öka förståelsen av dessa tillstånd. Metod: En analys av 1013 personer 75 år ur kohorten ”Prospecive Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors” (PIVUS). Linear mixed models (LMM) användes för att undersöka om anti-HSV1 IgG och ApoE-ε4 är associerade med kognitiv nedsättning under 5 år. Anti-HSV1 IgG i serum detekterades med ”Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays” och kognitiv nedsättning undersöktes med Mini Mental State Examination. Resultat: Anti-HSV1 IgG positivitet var inte associerat med kognitiv nedsättning. Anti-HSV1 IgG positivitet och samtidig ApoE-ε4 var inte heller associerat med kognitiv nedsättning. Diskussion: Andra studier av endast HSV1 utan HSV2 eller HSV visar blandade resultat, varför kunskapsläget idag inte stödjer tillämpning av PPH-interventioner mot dessa risker. Andra kognitiva mått som är känsligare för små förändringar nära intakt kognition samt justering för underrepresenterade grupper kan möjligen bidra till säkrare analys.

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Crabtree, Brian, J. Lyle Bootman, Cynthia J. Boyle, Patricia Chase, Peggy Piascik e Lucinda L. Maine. "Aligning the AACP Strategic Engagement Agenda with Key Federal Priorities in Health: Report of the 2016-17 Argus Commission". AMER ASSOC COLL PHARMACY, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626251.

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The Argus Commission identified three major federal priorities related to health care, including the precision medicine initiative, the Cancer Moonshot and the opioid abuse epidemic. Current activities at the federal level were summarized and an analysis of activities within the profession, and academic pharmacy specifically, was prepared. The implications for pharmacy education, research and practice are compelling in all three areas. Recommendations, suggestions and two policy statements aim to optimize the attention to these priorities by the academy. Further, aligning the AACP Strategic Engagement agenda with the opportunities and threats acknowledged in the analysis is essential.

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Mohammad, Ammad Uddin. "UAV Routing Protocol (URP) for crop health management". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0147/document.

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Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil sont maintenant un moyen crédible de collecte de données sur les cultures. L'installation d'une structure de communication fixe pour relayer les données surveillées depuis la tête de grappe jusqu'à sa destination finale peut être soit impraticable en raison de la topologie du terrain, soit prohibitive en raison du coût initial élevé. Une solution plausible consiste à utiliser des véhicules aériens sans pilote (UAV) comme moyen alternatif de collecte de données et de contrôle de supervision limité de l'état des détecteurs. Dans cet article, nous considérons le cas des parcelles agricoles disjointes comprenant chacune des grappes de capteurs, organisées de manière prédéterminée en fonction des objectifs d'élevage. Cette recherche vise à trouver une solution optimale pour la recherche de UAV et la collecte de données à partir de tous les capteurs installés dans un champ de culture. En outre, le protocole de routage des capteurs tiendra compte d'un compromis entre la gestion de l'énergie et les frais généraux de diffusion des données. Le système proposé est évalué en utilisant un modèle simulé et il devrait trouver une classe parmi toutes les sous-considérations
Wireless sensor networks are now a credible means for crop data collection. The installation of a fixed communication structure to relay the monitored data from the cluster head to its final destination can either be impractical because of land topology or prohibitive due to high initial cost. A plausible solution is to use Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) as an alternative means for both data collection and limited supervisory control of sensors status. In this paper, we consider the case of disjoint farming parcels each including clusters of sensors, organized in a predetermined way according to farming objectives. This research focuses to drive an optimal solution for UAV search and data gathering from all sensors installed in a crop field. Furthermore, the sensor routing protocol will take into account a tradeoff between energy management and data dissemination overhead.The proposed system is evaluated by using a simulated model and it should find out a class among all under consideration

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Jensen, Anne. "The accuracy and precision of kinesiology-style manual muscle testing : designing and implementing a series of diagnostic test accuracy studies". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4fd95394-e812-402e-9195-6c82643eaa15.

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Introduction: Kinesiology-style manual muscle testing (kMMT) is a non-invasive assessment method used by various types of practitioners to detect a wide range of target conditions. It is distinctly different from the muscle testing performed in orthopaedic/neurological settings and from Applied kinesiology. Despite being estimated to be used by over 1 million people worldwide, the usefulness of kMMT has not yet been established. The aim of this thesis was to assess the validity of kMMT by examining its accuracy and precision. Methods: A series of 5 diagnostic test accuracy studies were undertaken. In the first study, the index test was kMMT, and the target condition was deceit in verbal statements spoken by Test Patients (TPs). The comparator reference standard was a true gold standard: the actual verity of the spoken statement. The outcomes of the muscle tests were interpreted consistently: a weak result indicated a Lie and a strong result indicated a Truth. A secondary index test was included as a comparator: Intuition, where Practitioners used intuition (without using kMMT) to ascertain if a Lie or Truth was spoken. Forty-eight Practitioners were recruited and paired with 48 unique kMMT-naïve TPs. Each Pair performed 60 kMMTs broken up into 6 blocks of 10, which alternated with blocks of 10 Intuitions. For each Pair, an overall percent correct was calculated for both kMMT and Intuition, and their means were compared. Also calculated for both tests were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The second study was a replication of the first, using a sample size of 20 Pairs and a less complex procedure. In the third study, grip strength dynamometry replaced kMMT as the primary index test. In the fourth study, the reproducibility and repeatability of kMMT were examined. In the final study, TPs were presented with emotionally-arousing stimuli in addition to the affect-neutral stimuli used in previous studies, to assess if stimuli valence impacted kMMT accuracy. Results: Throughout this series of studies, mean kMMT accuracies (95% Confidence Intervals; CIs) ranged from 0.594 (0.541 – 0.647) to 0.659 (0.623 - 0.695) and mean Intuition accuracies, from 0.481 (0.456 - 0.506) to 0.526 (0.488 - 0.564). In all studies, mean kMMT accuracies were found to be significantly different from mean Intuition accuracies (p ≤ 0.01), and from Chance (p < 0.01). On the other hand, no difference was found between grip strength following False statements compared to grip strength following True statements (p = 0.61). In addition, the Practitioner-TP complex accounted for 57% of the variation in kMMT accuracy, with 43% unaccounted for. Also, there was no difference in the mean kMMT accuracy when using emotionally-arousing stimuli compared to when using affect-neutral stimuli (p = 0.35). Mean sensitivities (95% CI) ranged from 0.503 (0.421 - 0.584) to 0.659 (0.612 - 0.706) while mean specificities (95% CI) ranged from 0.638 (0.430 - 0.486) to 0.685 (0.616 - 0.754). Finally, while a number of participant characteristic seemed to influence kMMT accuracy during one study or another, no one specific characteristic was found to influence kMMT accuracy consistently (i.e. across the series of studies). Discussion: This series of studies has shown that kMMT can be investigated using rigorous evidence-based health care methods. Furthermore, for distinguishing lies from truths, kMMT has repeatedly been found to be significantly more accurate than both Intuition and Chance. Practitioners appear to be an integral part of the kMMT dynamic because when replaced by a mechanical device (i.e. a grip strength dynamometer), distinguishing Lies from Truth was not possible. In addition, since specificities seemed to be greater than sensitivities, Truths may have been easier to detect than Lies. A limitation of this series of studies is that I have a potential conflict of interest, in that I am a practitioner of kMMT who gets paid to perform kMMT. Another limitation is these results are not generalisable to other applications of kMMT, such as its use in other paradigms or using muscles other than the deltoid. Also, these results suggest that kMMT may be about 60% accurate, which is statistically different from Intuition and Chance; however it has not been established if 60% correct is "good enough" in a clinical context. As such, further research is needed to assess its clinical utility, such as randomised controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of whole kMMT technique systems. Also, future investigators may want to explore what factors, such as specific Practitioner and TP characteristics, influence kMMT accuracy, and to investigate the validity of using kMMT to detect other target conditions, using other reference standards and muscles other than the deltoid. Summary: This series of diagnostic test accuracy studies has found that kMMT can be investigated using rigorous methods, and that kMMT used to distinguish Lies from Truths is significantly more accurate that both Intuition and Chance. Further research is needed to assess kMMT’s clinical utility.

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Wingqvist, Jenny, e Josephine Lantz. "Utvärdering av IMU-sensorers precision vid mätning av handledens vinkelhastigheter : Jämförande studie med ett optiskt spårningssystem". Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254059.

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Belastningsskador hos arbetare är ett ökande problem hos olika företag och det har visat sig finnas en tydlig koppling mellan dessa skador och handledens vinkelhastigheten. Det är därför av stort intresse att kunna mäta dessa vinkelhastigheter på ett noggrant och smidigt sätt. Syftet med denna rapport är att utvärdera precisionen av IMU-sensorers förmåga att beräkna vinkelhastigheten av handleden. Detta görs genom att jämföra data från IMU-sensorer med data från ett optiskt spårningssystem (OTS), vilket klassas som en gold standard inom detta område. Ett experiment bestående av åtta övningar utfördes: tre standard rörelser (flexion och rotation i takterna 40, 90 och 140 slag per minut) och fyra simulerade arbeten (målning, pappersvikning, datorarbete och hårföning). Grad av överensstämmelse ges av 1,96 standardavvikelser (SD) för standardrörelserna (10 deltagare) vilka var -31,8 grader/s och 34,2 grader/s, medan för de simulerade arbetena var det -35,1 grader/s och 34,2 grader/s. Det lägsta medelvärdet av medelkvadratavvikelse (RMSD) var 15,7 grader/s och erhölls vid 40 BPM medan den högsta medelvärdet var 93,9 grader/s och erhölls vid målningsövningen. Medelvärdet av korrelationskoefficienten mellan IMU-sensorer och OTS varierade mellan 0,97 och 0,42 och korrelationskoefficienterna av deltagarnas 50:e percentiler av vinkelhastigheten var 0,95 för standardrörelserna och 0,96 för de simulerade arbetena. Medelvärdet av absoluta differensen mellan sensorer och OTS var givet i percentiler (10:e, 50:e och 90:e). Det största spannet för 50:e percentilen gavs vid 140 BPM (18,3 ± 24,6) och det minsta spannet vid 40 BPM (3,5 ± 4,7). Trots att det fanns mindre differenser mellan metodernas mätningar av vinkelhastighet, anser vi att IMU-sensorer har potential att användas för att mäta vinkelhastigheter hos handledens och med vidare utveckling kan den nuvarande differensen minimeras.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are increasingly frequent amongst workers and there is a clear connection between work injuries and wrist angular velocities. One of the biggest issues therefore is the currently limited availability of means to measure these angular velocities. The aim of this study is to validate the usability of the IMU sensors to measure angular velocities. This is done by comparing the data from the IMU:s with the data obtained with the optical motion tracking system (OTS), which is considered gold standard within this field of studies. An experiment consisting of eight exercises was conducted: three standard movements (flexion and rotation in the pace 40, 90 and 140 repetitions per minute) and four simulated practical work tasks (painting, folding paper, computer exercise and using a hairdryer). The limits of agreement for the standard movements (10 subjects) were -31,8 degrees/s and 34,2 degrees/s, whereas for the simulated practical work tasks they were -35,1 degrees/s and 28,2 degrees/s. The lowest mean value of the root mean square deviation (RMSD) value was 15,7 degrees/s which represents the 40 BPM task whilst the highest mean value was 93,9 degrees/s which correspond to the painting task. The mean value of the correlation coefficients between the IMU:s and the OTS ranged between 0,97 and 0,42 and the correlation coefficient between the subjects 50:th percentiles of the angular velocity, was 0,95 for the standard movements whilst for the practical work tasks it was 0,96. The mean value of the absolute difference between the sensors and the OTS was given in percentiles (10th, 50th and 90th). The largest range within the 50th percentile occurred during the 140 BPM task (18,3 ± 24,6) and the smallest range during the 40 BPM task (3,5 ± 4,7). Although the measured angular velocities vary to a certain extent between the two methods, we conclude that the IMU sensors present the potential to work as measuring units for wrist angular velocities and with further development the current differences can be minimized.
Forte dnr: 2017-01209 "Enkel och tideffektiv metod att mät, analysera och presentera biomekaniskbelastning för hand-handled"

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Mei, Ying. "Error analysis for distributed fibre optic sensing technology based on Brillouin scattering". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/278660.

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This dissertation describes the work conducted on error analysis for Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR), a distributed strain sensing technology used for monitoring the structural performance of infrastructures. Although BOTDR has been recently applied to many infrastructure monitoring applications, its measurement error has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The challenge to accurately monitor structures using BOTDR sensors lies in the fact that the measurement error is dependent on the noise and the spatial resolution of the sensor as well as the non-uniformity of the monitored infrastructure strain conditions. To improve the reliability of this technology, measurement errors (including precision error and systematic error) need to be carefully investigated through fundamental analysis, lab testing, numerical modelling, and real site monitoring verification. The relationship between measurement error and sensor characteristics is firstly studied experimentally and theoretically. In the lab, different types of sensing cables are compared with regard to their measurement errors. Influences of factors including fibre diameters, polarization and cable jacket on measurement error are characterized. Based on experimental characterization results, an optics model is constructed to simulate the Brillouin back scattering process. The basic principle behind this model is the convolution between the injected pulse and the intrinsic Brillouin spectrum. Using this model, parametric studies are conducted to theoretically investigate the impacts of noise, frequency step and spectrum bandwidth on final strain measurement error. The measurement precision and systematic error are then investigated numerically and experimentally. Measurement results of field sites with installed optical fibres displayed that a more complicated strain profile leads to a larger measurement error. Through extensive experimental and numerical verifications using a Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR), the dependence of precision error and systematic error on input strain were then characterized in the laboratory and the results indicated that a) the measurement precision error can be predicted using analyzer frequency resolution and the location determination error and b) the characteristics of the measurement systematic error can be described using the error to strain gradient curve. This is significant because for current data interpretation process, data quality is supposed to be constant along the fibre although the monitored strain for most of the site cases is non-uniformly distributed, which is verified in this thesis leading to a varying data quality. A novel data quality quantification method is therefore proposed as a function of the measured strain shape. Although BOTDR has been extensively applied in infrastructure monitoring in the past decade, their data interpretation has been proven to be nontrivial, due to the nature of field monitoring. Based on the measurement precision and systematic error characterization results, a novel data interpretation methodology is constructed using the regularization decomposing method, taking advantages of the measured data quality. Experimental results indicate that this algorithm can be applied to various strain shapes and levels, and the accuracy of the reconstructed strain can be greatly improved. The developed algorithm is finally applied to real site applications where BOTDR sensing cables were implemented in two load bearing piles to monitor the construction loading and ground heaving processes.

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Unger, Elin, e Sofia Wahlgren. "Artikulatorisk hastighet och precision i stavelseupprepning för patienter med Parkinsons sjukdom: : En postoperativ jämförelse mellan patienter som genomgått Deep Brain Stimulation i Caudal Zona Incerta (cZi) respektive Nucleus Subthalamicus (STN)". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Logopedi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-146254.

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Bakgrund: En förbättring av kroppslig motorik efter Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) har noterats hos Parkinsonpatienter efter Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) i Nucleus Subthalamicus (STN) och Caudal Zona Incerta (cZi). Postoperativa effekter för talmotorik och övrig kroppsmotorik skiljer sig dock ofta åt. Försämring av flera talaspekter har rapporterats, inklusive nedsatt artikulatorisk precision. Minskad artikulatorisk precision hos Parkinsonpatienter påverkar produktionen av tonlösa klusiler, såväl som talhastigheten. Detta kan mätas via akustisk analys av diadochokinetiska uppgifter (DDK) i form av stavelseupprepning, genom kontroll av andel stavelser med mätbar Voice Onset Time (VOT) samt antal stavelser per sekund. Mål: Att jämföra effekten av DBS-stimulering i STN respektive cZi vid stavelseupprepning genom andelen mätbara VOT-resultat samt antalet stavelser per sekund. Ett andra mål var att beskriva hur relationen mellan artikulatorisk hastighet och andel mätbara VOT-värden påverkas av stimulering för de båda lokalisationsgrupperna. Metod: Det fanns 7 patienter i varje lokalisationsgrupp. Talinspelningar skedde före operation, samt 12 månader efter operation med stimulatorn av respektive på. Andelen mätbara VOT-resultat för de tonlösa klusilerna mättes i varje uppgift, liksom antalet stavelser per sekund. Hypotesprövning genomfördes mellan grupperna såväl som mellan de båda postoperativa tillfällena (stimulator av respektive på). Regressionskoefficienten beräknades för förhållandet mellan andelen mätbara VOT-värden och talhastighet för respektive lokalisationsgrupp. Resultat: Andelen mätbara VOT-resultat minskade då stimulatorn var på för båda lokalisationsgrupperna. Minskningen var signifikant för STN men inte för cZi. Resultatet för cZi närmade sig dock signifikans. Antalet stavelser per sekund ökade för AMRuppgiften samt förblev oförändrat för SMR-uppgiften hos STN-gruppen med påslagen stimulator. För cZi sågs då en konstant nedåtgående trend. Regressionskoefficienten för förhållandet mellan andelen mätbara VOT-värden och antalet stavelser per sekund förändrades inte på ett enhetligt sätt när stimulatorn var av respektive på mellan de båda grupperna. Slutsats: Talet påverkas av DBS-stimulering genom en oprecis artikulation av tonlösa klusiler. Lokalisationsgrupperna STN och cZi uppvisade samma förändringsmönster för andelen mätbara VOT-värden, men skiljde sig åt vid antalet stavelser per sekund. Detta tycks vara en indikation på att operation i dessa lokalisationer har olika effekt på taltempo. Teorin om articulatory undershoot tycks kunna appliceras på båda grupperna, dock uppvisar cZi en samtidig hastighetsminskning gällande antal stavelser per sekund, där STN istället uppvisar en hastighetsökning vid stimulering. Nyckelord: Parkinsons sjukdom, DBS, STN, cZi, stavelseupprepning, andel mätbara VOTvärden, antal stavelser per sekund, artikulatorisk precision, artikulatorisk hastighet.

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Sawvel, Eric J. "Use Of passive samplers to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of coarse particle mass concentration and composition in Cleveland, OH". Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5053.

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The overall goals of this dissertation are: 1) to better quantify the spatial heterogeneity of coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) and its chemical composition; and 2) to evaluate the performance (accuracy and precision) of passive samplers analyzed by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (CCSEM-EDS) for PM10-2.5. For these goals, field studies were conducted over multiple seasons in Cleveland, OH and were the source of data for this dissertation. To achieve the first goal, we characterized spatial variability in the mass and composition of PM10-2.5 in Cleveland, OH with the aid of inexpensive passive samplers. Passive samplers were deployed at 25 optimized sites for three week-long intervals in summer 2008 to characterize spatial variability in components of PM10-2.5. The size and composition of individual particles were determined using CCSEM-EDS. For each sample, this information was used to estimate PM10-2.5 mass and aerosol composition by particle class. The highest PM10-2.5 means were observed at three central industrial urban sites (35.4 Μg m-3, 43.4 Μg m-3, and 47.6 Μg m-3), whereas lower means were observed to the west and east of this area with the lowest means observed at outskirt suburban background sites (12.9 Μg m-3 and 14.7 Μg m-3). Concentration maps for PM10-2.5 and some compositional components of PM10-2.5 (Fe oxide and Ca rich) show an elongated shape of high values stretching from Lake Erie south through the central industrial area, whereas those for other compositional components (e.g., Si/Al rich) are considerably less heterogeneous. The findings from the spatial variability of coarse particles by compositional class analysis, presented in Chapter II of this dissertation, show that the concentrations of some particle classes were substantially more spatially heterogeneous than others. The data suggest that industrial sources located in The Flats district in particular may contribute to the observed concentration variability and heterogeneity. Lastly, percent relative spatial heterogeneity (SH%) is more consistent with spatial heterogeneity as visualized in the concentration surface maps compared to the coefficient of divergence (COD). The second goal was achieved by assessing the performance of passive samplers analyzed by CCSEM-EDS to measure PM10-2.5 (Chapter III) and investigating potential sources of variability in the measurement of PM10-2.5 with passive samplers analyzed by CCSEM-EDS (Chapter IV). Data for these analyses were obtained in studies conducted in summer 2009 and winter 2010. The precision of PM10-2.5 measured with the passive samplers was highly variable and ranged from a low coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.1% to a high CV of 90.8%. Eighty percent of the CVs were less than 40%. This assessment showed the CV for passive samplers was greater than that recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines for the Federal Reference Method (FRM). Several CV values were high, exceeding 40% indicating substantially dissimilar results between co-located passive samplers. The overall CV for the passive samplers was 41.2% in 2009 and 33.8% in 2010. The precision when high CVs > 40% (n = 5 of 25) were excluded from the analysis was 24.1% in 2009 and 18.2% for 2010. Despite issues with precision, PM10-2.5 measured with passive samplers agreed well with that measured with FRM samplers with accuracy approaching EPA Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) criteria. The intercept was 1.21 and not statistically significant (p = 3.88). The passive to FRM sampler comparison (1:1) line fell within the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the best-fit linear regression and was statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, several data points had large standard deviations resulting in high variability between co-located passive samplers (n = 3), which extend outside of the 95% CI's. The passive sampler limit of detection (LOD) for the CCSEM method was 2.8 Μg m-3. This study also showed certain samples had higher CVs and that further investigation was needed to better understand the sources of variability in the measurement of PM10-2.5 with passive samplers. Sources of variability observed in the measurement of PM10-2.5 with passive samplers analyzed by CCSEM were explored in Chapter IV of this dissertation. This research suggests mass concentrations greater than 20 Μg m-3 for week long samples are needed on the passive sampler substrate to obtain overall CVs by mass less than 15%. It also suggests that greater than 55 particle counts within a compositional class are needed to reduce analytical CVs to less than 15%. Another finding from this study was increasing the concentration from 6.2 to 10.6 Μg m-3 increases the CCSEM analytical precision by mass 38% and by number 75% for random orientation. Also certain compositional classes appeared problematical for precision of passive sampler measurements. For example, the presence of salt plus moisture introduces challenges for CCSEM analysis through the wetting of salt crystalline particles which dissolve creating a displaced dry deposition pattern of particles upon subsequent evaporation. This process can falsely elevate or reduce the particle count and alter its distribution on the sampling media.

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Iborra, Egea Oriol. "Novel approaches towards precision medicine in acute and chronic heart failure". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669734.

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L’infart de miocardi (IM) és causat per una aturada sobtada del flux de sang que provoca isquèmia local al cor i desencadena un remodelat patològic, que es pot desenvolupar en insuficiència cardíaca (IC). Tot i que pot presentar-se com un esdeveniment estàtic, aquest és un procés complex i dinàmic. En aquesta tesi, es va valorar la IC considerant tot l'espectre de la malaltia. A més, estudis recents donen suport a la idea que processos biològics específics probablement estiguin influïts pel context biològic (p. ex: un teixit específic o una determinada malaltia). Aquesta aproximació constantment genera grans quantitats de dades, de manera que el recull, l’anàlisi i la interpretació d’aquesta informació constitueixen una tasca aclaparadora. En conseqüència, vam utilitzar tècniques d’intel·ligència artificial per combinar dades moleculars amb respostes clíniques observades en pacients, generant així un model matemàtic capaç de discernir els MoAs ocults en milers d’interaccions moleculars, altrament inaccessibles. Primer, vam voler analitzar els dos fàrmacs que estan revolucionant la gestió de la IC: Sacubitril/Valsartan, que ha demostrat una reducció del nombre de morts i ingressos en un 22% en assajos clínics recents, i Empagliflozina (un inhibidor de SGLT2 indicat per a pacients amb diabetis mellitus tipus 2) que va sorprendre amb una disminució del 32% en el desenvolupament de nous casos de IC a l’assaig EMPAREG. El nostre primer estudi va revelar que Sacubitril/Valsartan actua de manera sinèrgica bloquejant tant la mort cel·lular com el remodelat patològic de la matriu extracel·lular dels cardiomiòcits. El que és més important, vam descobrir un nucli de 8 proteïnes que es posicionen com a actors clau en aquest procés. En segon lloc, el MoA d’Empagliflozina suggeria una millora de la mort cardiomiocítica mitjançant la restauració de l’activitat de dos gens suprimits durant la IC, XIAP i BIRC5. Aquests resultats es van confirmar en un model de rata in vivo i van demostrar ser independents de la presència de diabetis, indicant que Empagliflozina podria establir-se com a nou tractament en el maneig de la IC. Tot i que ambdós fàrmacs presenten indicacions i mecanismes moleculars molt diferents, els seus beneficis en la reducció de la progressió de la IC eren notablement similars, evidenciant un paper clau del remodelat ventricular. Així doncs, a continuació vam voler explorar aquest remodelat per delinear una imatge estructurada i clara del procés complet post-IM. Aquí, vam identificar aquelles proteïnes alterades més relacionades amb la remodelació cardíaca tant en IM com en IC, i les vam utilitzar per buscar processos amb un enriquiment sostingut al llarg de la progressió de l’infart. Un cop establerts quins processos es veuen afectats en diferents etapes i la seva evolució durant l’IM, finalment vam identificar les proteïnes clau que impulsen aquestes cascades de senyalització. La IC crònica és la principal causa de mortalitat interhospitalària a tot el món, i es constitueix com a autèntica pandèmia. Tot i això, molts d’aquests pacients o bé desenvolupen IC derivat d’un esdeveniment agut o experimenten un deteriorament dràstic de la condició durant les hospitalitzacions recurrents. De fet, l’IC aguda és la principal causa de mortalitat intrahospitalària en països més desenvolupats, i el xoc cardiogènic (CS) representa la seva forma més agressiva. No obstant això, la IC aguda rep poca atenció en comparació amb la forma crònica de la malaltia Mitjançant tècniques de proteòmica i transcriptòmica avançades, primer vam investigar nous biomarcadors per ajudar a la gestió del CS. Avaluant els microRNAs i les proteïnes expressades diferencialment en pacients afectats, hem descrit l’estat actual de la investigació sobre biomarcadors en CS, així com desenvolupat un nou test molecular, el CS4P, per predir de forma fiable els resultats pronòstics d’aquests pacients.
Myocardial infarction (MI) is caused by a sudden stop of blood flow that can lead to local ischemia in the heart and cause a pathologic remodeling, which ultimately give rise to heart failure (HF). Although it might present as a static event, this is a complex and dynamic process. In this thesis, we aimed to assess HF considering the whole spectrum of the disease. From the acute phase, in which a patient suddenly falls victim to a drastic illness, to investigate the molecular transition towards its chronification and elucidate the mechanisms of action (MoA) of the most novel pharmaceutical therapies in chronic HF. Moreover, growing evidence supports the idea that specific biological processes are likely influenced by their biological context—for example, a specific tissue or a certain disease. This approach constantly generates vast amounts of data, such that putting together, analyzing, and interpreting this information constitutes an overwhelming task. Consequently, we harnessed artificial intelligence techniques to combine molecular data with clinical responses observed in patients, thus generating a mathematical model capable of both reproducing existing knowledge and discern MoAs hidden under thousands of molecular interactions, otherwise inaccessible. First, we analyzed the two drugs that are revolutionizing HF management: Entresto® (Sacubitril/Valsartan), which showed a reduction in the number of deaths and admissions by 22% in recent clinical trials, and Empagliflozin (a SGLT2 inhibitor indicated for type2 diabetes mellitus patients) that showed an unexpected 32% slash in development of new HF cases in the EMPAREG trial. Our first study revealed that Sacubitril/Valsartan acts synergistically by blocking both cell death and the pathological makeover of the extracellular matrix of cardiac cells. Most importantly, we discovered a core of 8 proteins that emerge as key players in this process. Secondly, the MoA of Empagliflozin was deciphered using deep learning analyses, which achieved 94.7% accuracy and showed an amelioration of cardiomyocyte cell death by restoring the activity of two genes suppressed during HF, XIAP and BIRC5. These results were confirmed in an in vivo rat model, and proved independent of the presence of diabetes, suggesting that Empagliflozin may emerge as a new standalone treatment in HF. Although both drugs have very distinct indications and intrinsic MoAs, their benefits in slowing HF progression were remarkably similar, evidencing a key role for ventricular remodeling. Thus, next we aimed to explore cardiac remodeling to delineate a structured and clear picture of the complete post-MI remodeling process towards HF. Here, we identified those altered proteins most related to cardiac remodeling in both MI and HF, and used them to look for processes with sustained enrichment throughout MI progression. Once we established which processes are affected at different stages and their evolution during MI, we finally sought to identify the key proteins driving these signaling cascades. Chronic HF is the leading cause of inter-hospital mortality worldwide, which constitutes an authentic pandemic. However, many of these patients either develop HF derived from an acute event or experience a drastic worsening of the condition during the recurrent hospitalizations. Indeed, acute HF is the leading cause of intra-hospital mortality in more-developed countries, in which cardiogenic shock (CS) represents its most aggressive form. Yet, acute HF receives little attention compared to the chronic form of the disease By using transcriptomic and advanced proteomics techniques, we first investigated new potential biomarkers to aid CS management, which remains the leading intra-hospital cardiovascular cause of death worldwide. Assessing microRNA and proteins differentially expressed in afflicted patients, we describe the current status of biomarker research in CS, as well as a new molecular score, the CS4P, to reliably predict the prognostic outcomes of these patients.

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Gibbons, Deborah Kay. "“It's Not Only About Them:“ Female Family Members' Understanding of Indeterminate Negative BRCA1/2 Test Results". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7701.

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Genetic test results have important implications for close family members. Indeterminate negative results are the most common outcome of BRCA1/2 mutation testing. Little is known about family members' understanding of indeterminate negative BRCA1/2 test results. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to investigate how daughters and sisters received and understood genetic test results as shared by their mothers or sisters. Participants included 81 women aged 40-74 with mothers or sisters previously diagnosed with breast cancer and who received indeterminate negative BRCA1/2 test results. Participants had never been diagnosed with breast cancer nor received their own genetic testing or counseling. This IRB approved study utilized semi-structured interviews administered via telephone. The research team developed descriptive codes, and NVIVO software was used during qualitative analysis. Participants reported low amounts of information shared with them. Most women described test results as negative and incorrectly interpreted the test to mean there was no genetic component to the pattern of cancer in their families. Only 7 of 81 women accurately described test results consistent with the meaning of an indeterminate negative result — meaning a genetic cause for cancer in their family could still exist. Our findings demonstrate that indeterminate negative genetic test results are not well understood by family members. Lack of understanding may lead to an inability to effectively communicate results to primary care providers and missed opportunities for prevention, screening and further genetic testing. We recommend providing family members letters they can share with their own primary care providers whenever genetic testing is performed.

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Jönsson, David, e Mir Kevci. "Geometrical accuracy of metallic objects produced with Additive or Subtractive Manufacturing: a comparative in-vitro study". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19934.

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Syftet: Utvärdera produktionstolerans av objekt som producerats genom additiv framställningsteknik (AF) för användning inom tandvård, samt att jämföra denna teknik med subtraktiv framställningsteknik (SF) genom reverse engineering.Material och metod: Tio exemplar av två olika geometriska objekt framställdes från fem olika AF maskiner och en SF maskin. Objekt A efterliknar ett inlay, medan objekt B återspeglar en modell av en fyrledsbro. Alla objekt delades in i olika mätled; X, Y och Z. Mätningarna utfördes med validerade och kalibrerade instrument. Linjära avstånd mättes med ett digitalt skjutmått och hörnradie samt vinklar mättes med ett digitalt mikroskop.Resultat: Vare sig additiv eller subtraktiv framställning uppvisade en perfekt matchning till CAD-filen med hänsyn till de parametrar som utvärderades i denna studie. Standardavvikelsen gällande linjära mätningar för subtraktiv framställning uppvisade konsekventa resultat i alla led, med undantag för X- och Y-led för objektet A och i Y-led för objekt B. Samtliga additiva tillverkningsgrupper hade en konsekvent standardavvikelse i X- och Y-led, men inte i Z-led. Med avseende på hörnradiemätningar, hade SF gruppen i överlag bättre produktionsnoggrannhet för både objekt A och B medan AM grupperna var mindre noggranna.Konklusion: Med hänsyn till begränsningarna med denna in vitro studie, stödjer resultat hypotesen, med hänsyn till att AF hade en bättre förmåga att återskapa komplexa och små geometrier jämfört med SF. Samtidigt identifierades en bättre reproducerbarhet hos SF gällande enkla geometrier och linjära avstånd. Vidare studier krävs för att bekräfta dessa resultat.
Purpose: To evaluate the production tolerance of objects produced by additive manufacturing systems (AM) for usage in dentistry and to compare with subtractive manufacturing system (SM) through reverse engineering. Materials and methods: Ten specimens of two geometrical objects were produced by five different AM machines and one SM machine. Object A mimics an inlay-shaped object, meanwhile object B reflects a four-unit bridge model. All the objects were divided into different measuring-axis; X, Y and Z. Measurements were performed with validated and calibrated equipment. Linear distances were measured with a digital calliper while corner radius and angle were measured with a digital microscope. Results: None of the additive manufacturing or subtractive manufacturing groups presented a perfect match to the CAD-file regarding all parameters included in present study. Considering linear measurements, the standard deviation for subtractive manufacturing group were consistent in all axis, except for X- and Y-axis in object A and Y-axis for object B. Meanwhile additive manufacturing groups had a consistent standard deviation in X- and Y- axis but not in Z-axis. Regarding corner radius measurements, SM group overall had the best accuracy for both object A and B comparing to AM groups. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, results support the hypothesis, considering AM had preferable capability to re-create complex and small geometry compare to SM. Meanwhile, SM were superior producing simple geometry and linear distances. Further studies are required to confirm these results.

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Marčišovský, Peter. "Zpracování signálu z akcelerometru na měření vibrací". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413224.

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Táto diplomová práca sa zaoberá návrhom zariadenia schopného vysoko presného merania vibrácií za použitia piezoelektrického akcelerometra. Zariadenie je určené na vyhodnocovanie zdravotného stavu strojov, najmä elektrických strojov ako elektromotor, veterná turbína a iné. Za účelom dosiahnutia vysoko presného a vysoko lineárneho merania v spektre extrémne nízkych frekvencií siahajúcich až ku jednosmerným napätím, cez sub-hertzové pásma po desiatky hertzov, ale aj vo vyšších frekvenciách, bola vyžadovaná možnosť použitia prístupu s jednosmernou väzbou zvaného "posúvanie napäťovej úrovne" a následné vyhodnotenie a porovnanie prístupu so striedavou väzbou, ktorý sa bežne používa pre pripojenie piezoelektrického akcelerometra.

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Dias, Pedro Carvalhaes 1983. "Um novo sensor de umidade de solo de pulso de calor de alta sensibilidade, baseado em um único transistor bipolar de junção npn = A novel high sensitivity single probe heat pulse soil moisture sensor based on a single npn bipolar junction transistor = A novel high sensitivity single probe heat pulse soil moisture sensor based on a single npn bipolar junction transistor". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261867.

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Orientador: Elnatan Chagas Ferreira
Texto em inglês
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T11:54:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_PedroCarvalhaes_M.pdf: 7362254 bytes, checksum: dd839cf652cbbda17a2a5d9b6cecbdc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: A constante preocupação em aumentar a produtividade das plantações de uma forma sustentável e otimizando o uso dos insumos agrícolas (água, fertilizantes, pesticidas e produtos para correção do PH) levou ao desenvolvimento da agricultura de precisão, que permite determinar a quantidade correta de insumos para cada região do solo (tipicamente um hectare), evitando o desperdício. Sensores de umidade de solo de baixo custo e fácil aplicação no campo são fundamentais para permitir um controle preciso da atividade de irrigação, sendo que os sensores que melhor atendem estes requisitos são os chamados sensores de dissipação de calor ou sensores de transferência de calor. Estes sensores, entretanto, apresentam um problema de baixa sensibilidade na faixa de umidade mais importante para as plantas (umidade de solo 'teta'v variando entre 5% e 35%), pois, para cobrir esta variação de 30% em 'teta'v com resolução de 1%, é necessário medir variações de temperatura de aproximadamente 0,026 ºC nos sensores de pulso de calor a duas pontas e 0,05 ºC para os sensores de pulso de calor de ponta simples. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um novo sensor de umidade de solo do tipo pulso de calor de ponta simples, baseado em um único elemento: um transistor bipolar de junção npn, que é usado tanto como aquecedor e como sensor de temperatura de alta precisão. Resultados experimentais, obtidos em medidas realizadas através de uma técnica de interrogação especialmente desenvolvida para este novo sensor mostram que neste trabalho foi possível obter uma sensibilidade cerca de uma ordem de grandeza maior do que nos sensores de pulso de calor com uma ponta e cerca de 20 vezes maior do que nos sensores de pulso de calor de duas pontas. Outra vantagem da técnica desenvolvida é que o aumento da sensibilidade não é obtido às custas do aumento da corrente drenada da bateria para aquecer o sensor. No sensor desenvolvido é utilizada uma corrente de apenas 6 mA para gerar o aquecimento (com energia dissipada de 1,5 J), enquanto que que os sensores de pulso de calor com ponta simples requerem cerca de 50 mA (com 2,4 J de energia dissipada) para operar. Os sensores de pulso de calor de ponta dupla também são fabricados com resistores que requerem cerca de 50 mA para o aquecimento (0.8 J de energia dissipada) para operar corretamente
Abstract: The concern regarding sustainable development and crop inputs optimization (such as water, fertilizers, pesticides and soil PH correction products) has led to the development of the precision agriculture concept, that allows to determine the exact amount of each input required on each ground section (typically one hectare), avoiding waste of inputs. Low-cost and easily handled soil moisture sensors are very important for allowing a precise irrigation control. The class of sensors which fulfill those requirements are the heat transfer sensors, where there are basically two types of devices: dual (or multi) probe heat pulse sensors and single probe heat pulse sensors. However, these sensors have a low sensitivity in the most important range of soil humidity 'teta'v for plants (usually from 5% ? 'teta'v ? 35%). To cover this 30% soil humidity range with 1% resolution it is necessary to measure temperature with a resolution of 0,026 ºC in the dual/multi probe heat pulse sensors and 0,05 ºC in the single probe heat pulse sensor. In this work it was developed a new type of single probe heat pulse sensor, comprised of a single element: an npn junction bipolar transistor, that plays the role of both the heating element and a high accuracy temperature sensor. Experimental results, obtained through an interrogation technique especially developed for this sensor, show sensitivity about one order of magnitude greater than the typical sensitivity of the single probe heat pulse sensors and 20 times greater than dual probe heat pulse sensors. Another great advantage of the developed interrogation technique is that the increase in sensibility is not obtained through a higher current being drained from the batteries that power the sensor. The developed sensor operates at a much lower current level than the other sensors, draining only 6 mA from the battery (with an energy of 150 mW). The single probe heat pulse sensor requires 50 mA and 1.5 J of energy to operate, whilst the dual probe heat pulse sensors are manufactured with resistors which also drain 50 mA from the battery with 0.8 J of dissipated energy
Mestrado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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DOTTOR, ALBERTO. "MOTOR CONTROL OF THUMB-INDEX SYSTEM IN HEALTHY POPULATION". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1057767.

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Thumb and Index fingers are involved in many daily tasks, it is understandable how injuries, musculoskeletal, rheumatologic, and neurological diseases could affect hand function causing severe disability. The evaluation of motor control deficits of the thumb-index system is necessary to identify impairments and to propose specific therapeutic or surgical proposes. Pinch maximal voluntary contraction is the most investigated parameter, it is a valid estimator of general hand function. However, thumb and index are rarely involved at their maximal contraction, usually they are used in precision pinches at low submaximal forces exerted for a short-to-long time. For this reason other parameters must be investigated. In this dissertation, a multiparametric evaluation of thumb-index system was proposed. The battery of tests consisted of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of pinch grip (TP, tip pinch and PP, palmar pinch) and of the opposite movement (E, extension of thumb and index), the endurance (SC, sustained contraction), the accuracy and precision of pinch force in a pinch and release task (DC, dynamic contraction) and the force coordination between hands in a bimanual simultaneous task (BSC, bimanual strength coordination). The tasks were measured with a measurement system consisted of two pinch gauges, connected to a PC, the visual feedback was displayed on a monitor through the graphical user interface of an ad-hoc developed software. To be usable in the clinical context, it is important to check the reliability of the tasks and collecting data in healthy samples permits on the one hand to analyse how values changes as function of anthropometric variables, hand dominance, dexterity, and on the other hand to define the reference values to compare pathological populations. Therefore this dissertation was conducted through test-retest reliability studies and cross-sectional studies to establish normative data of PP, TP, E MVCs, SC, DC and BSC in the Italian population. All the tasks proved reliable and consistent, MVC and SC showed high reliability, DC and BSC reliability was lower but clinically suitable. Strength, analysed through PP, TP, E MVCs, declined in line with the normal process of aging that also entails muscle fibers and the reduction of daily activities in older adults. In relative terms, E-MVC showed the highest strength loss in the over 75y. SC showed similar values in all age groups, variables of DC and BSC showed instead large effect related to age-decline. Women performed better than men only in SC, in MVC, DC and BSC men excelled. A hand dominance effect emerged only in TP and PP MVC. Correlations between tasks were very low to low, suggesting that different constructs were measured by the tasks. This Ph.D. project proposed novel tasks to evaluate pinch motor control which were showed reliable in healthy people and their normative data were obtained, representing a useful aid in the clinical field. The results become a starting point for future studies to highlight impairments of the thumb-index system in different neurological and musculoskeletal disorders and to guide the rehabilitation and the therapeutic intervention.

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Morice, Pierre-Marie. "Evaluation de la déficience de la recombinaison homologue et de la réponse des tumeurs ovariennes aux inhibiteurs de PARP grâce à l'utilisation de modèles de culture 3D en vue du développement d'un test prédictif Identifying eligible patients to PARP inhibitors: from NGS-based tests to promising 3D functional assays Automated scoring for assessment of RAD51-mediated homologous recombination in patient-derived tumor organoids of ovarian cancers Risk of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia related to PARP inhibitors: a combined approach using a safety meta-analysis of placebo randomized controlled trials and the World Health Organization's pharmacovigilance database The long non-coding RNA ‘UCA1’ modulates the response to chemotherapy of ovarian cancer through direct binding to miR-27a-5p and control of UBE2N levels". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC414.

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Chaque année, plus de 150 000 décès sont associés aux cancers épithéliaux de l’ovaire dans le monde, notamment en raison du développement d’une résistance à la chimiothérapie. Environ la moitié de ces cancers présentent des altérations moléculaires provoquant une déficience de la réparation de l’ADN par recombinaison homologue (HRD) qui les sensibilise à l’action des inhibiteurs de la protéine PARP (PARPi). A ce jour, il n’existe pas de test capable d’appréhender le phénotype HRD dans sa globalité, limitant ainsi l’accès à ces traitements. Dans ce contexte, nous avons entrepris de mettre au point des tests fonctionnels basés sur l’utilisation d’explants tumoraux tranchés puis sur l’utilisation d’organoïdes tumoraux dérivés de tumeurs ovariennes de patientes chimio-naïves ou antérieurement traitées. La culture d’explants s’est révélée inappropriée pour la réalisation de ces tests et nous avons alors focalisé nos travaux sur les organoïdes tumoraux. Ces derniers ont été exposés au carboplatine (traitement de 1e ligne) et à deux inhibiteurs de PARP (l’olaparib et le niraparib) utilisés en traitement d’entretien. En parallèle, nous avons collecté les données cliniques des patientes (survie, intervalle sans platine, RECIST, traitements) afin d’évaluer le potentiel prédictif de ces modèles. Les organoïdes tumoraux établis ont répondu de façon hétérogène aux différents médicaments testés, et nos résultats montrent que les tests réalisés sur les organoïdes sont capables d’identifier des patientes présentant un niveau de résistance élevé au carboplatine, suggérant que ce test fonctionnel pourrait présenter un intérêt prédictif vis-à-vis de ce médicament. Concernant le potentiel prédictif des organoïdes vis-à-vis des PARPi, des profils de sensibilité variés ont été identifiés, mais la corrélation avec la réponse clinique reste à établir par des études menées sur des échantillons de tumeurs issus de patientes traitées par ces médicaments
Worldwide each year, more than 150 000 women die from epithelial ovarian cancer largely due to emergence of resistance to chemotherapy. Approximately half of these cancers display molecular alterations that cause deficiency of DNA repair via homologous recombination (HRD), which confer sensitivity to PARP protein inhibitors (PARPi). To date, there is no test capable of fully identifying the HRD phenotype, thus limiting access to these treatments. In this context, we are developing functional assays based on the use of tumor explant slices and then, on the use of tumor organoids derived from ovarian tumors of chemotherapy-naive or previously treated patients. The culture of explants was unsuitable for this application and we then focused our work on tumor organoids. Tumor organoids were exposed to carboplatin (first-line treatment) and two PARP inhibitors (olaparib and niraparib) used for maintenance therapy. In parallel, we collected clinical data from patients (survival, platinum-free interval, RECIST, treatments) to evaluate the predictive potential of these models. The established tumor organoids responded heterogeneously to different drugs, and our results show that the organoid-based assay is capable of identifying patients highly resistant to carboplatin, suggesting that this functional assay could have a predictive value for patients treated with carboplatin. Regarding the potential of organoids in predicting PARPi response, multiple sensitivity profiles have been identified, but the correlation with clinical response has yet to be determined by studies conducted on tumor samples from patients treated with these drugs

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Silva, Daniele Fernandes e. "A levels-of-precision approach for physics-based soft tissues modeling". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/119120.

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Simulação computacional de ambientes cirúrgicos têm sido amplamente utilizados, normalmente para treinamentos, ajudando no desenvolvimento de habilidades essenciais e minimizando erros em procedimentos cirúrgicos. Para estes ambientes, é essencial a obtenção de um comportamento mais realista, sendo importante o uso de técnicas com alta precisão, além de uma simulação em tempo real. A fim de melhor controlar este trade-off entre eficiência e eficácia, apresentamos um ambiente híbrido e adaptativo que combina um conjunto de métodos para alcançar uma boa precisão e desempenho na simulação. Nosso sistema mescla métodos físicos de deformação (Método de Elementos Finitos e Mass-Mola) com um método não-físico que aproxima o comportamento dos primeiros (Green Coordinates), sendo capaz de utilizar o método apropriado dependendo da situação. Para melhor simular um ambiente cirúrgico completo, foram implementadas ferramentas adicionais para interação, permitindo pegar e manipular, queimar, e sentir os objetos do cenário. Nosso sistema proporciona grande imersão ao usuário, consumindo menos recursos computacionais e aumentando as taxas de atualização da simulação.
Computational simulation of surgical environments have been widely used usually for trainings, improving essential skills and minimizing errors in surgical procedures. As these environments are always looking for a more realistic behavior, it is important to use high-precision techniques while ensuring a real-time simulation. In order to better manage this trade-off between efficiency and effectiveness, we present a hybrid and adaptive environment that combines a set of methods to achieve good accuracy and performance for a simulation. Our system merges physically deformation methods (Finite Elements Method and Mass Spring Damper) with a non-physical method that approximates the formers behavior (Green Coordinates), being able to use the appropriate method depending on the situation. To simulate an approximation of a complete surgical environment, we also implement interaction tools, such as picking, burning, and haptic feedback. Our system provides great immersion for the user, consuming less computational resources and increasing update rates.

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Grinter, Lori Nicole. "VALIDATION OF AN AUTOMATED BEHAVIOR MONITORING COLLAR, AND EVALUATION OF HEAT STRESS ON LACTATING DAIRY COW BEHAVIOR WITH ACCESS TO A FREE CHOICE SOAKER". UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/101.

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Precision dairy technologies (PDT) are becoming more accessible and are therefore becoming more common on commercial dairy farms and in dairy research. Prior to any use of PDT, one should understand the precision, accuracy and bias of the device by a validations studies before interpreting the behavior measurements. Thus, the objective of the first section of my thesis is to validate ruminating, feeding and resting measurements of a behavior monitoring collar used in the second section. Precision dairy technology is used in heat stress studies to compare behavior of cows exposed to different heat stress treatments or abatement strategies. Heat stress is an important issue to research because it negatively affects cow behavior, physiology, and therefore production in lactating dairy cows. The objective of the second section is to assess the ability of a free choice soaker to reduce heat stress measured utilizing PDT and compare use of a free choice to a soaker in addition to one of the two treatments 1) no mandatory soakings, or 2) two mandatory soakings.

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Kestin, Rebecca (Rebecca Sarah Elmer). "Design and manufacturing of a microcalorimeter for measuring heat flows in electrochemical reactions to milli-Kelvin precision". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119953.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 27-28).
Due to their high energy density, lithium-air batteries have tremendous potential for application to batteries for electric vehicles. While significant efforts have been made in understanding the material origins of electrochemical performance under discharging and charging conditions, there is still very limited understanding of the thermodynamics and thermal science, including heat transfer, of such reactions. Several methods and procedures that have been previously used to deduce entropy profiles in batteries are examined. One such microcalorimetric device allows for measurements of heat flows in electrochemical reactions to milli-Kelvin precision. This device has not previously been applied to gas-to-solid reactions. Next, an explanation of the design and manufacture of a device adapted to measure heat flows in solid-togas electrochemical reactions is explained. The high sensitivity of the measurements resulted in high noise levels. This paper also explains the main methods used to address and reduce this level of noise.
by Rebecca Kestin.
S.B.

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Freitas, Marcelle Louise Coelho de. "Evidências de validade e precisão do Teste das Fábulas em escolares". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-06102014-213825/.

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Dentre os diversos recursos para avaliação psicológica, os métodos projetivos destacam-se pela riqueza de suas informações a respeito dos componentes e do funcionamento psíquico, nomeadamente na área da investigação de características de personalidade. Para examinar a faixa etária infantil, o Teste de Fábulas (TF) é um dos métodos projetivos disponíveis, baseado na teoria psicanalítica e tem se mostrado relevante e útil, embora com necessidade de revisão de suas evidências psicométricas no contexto brasileiro. O teste consiste em 10 historietas inacabadas que são contadas para a criança, sendo que o personagem principal está exposto a situações conflitivas inerentes a estágios do desenvolvimento psicossexual. A criança é solicitada a completar essas fábulas, a partir de sua imaginação e necessidades próprias, o que permite indicadores projetivos de sua dinâmica da personalidade e da qualidade dos mecanismos de defesa utilizados. Atualmente, no Brasil, esse método projetivo encontra-se em processo de revisão de suas evidências psicométricas. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou buscar evidências de validade e indicadores de precisão e consistência do Teste das Fábulas, em seu uso em crianças escolares de seis a 12 anos de idade, comparando as produções obtidas com três grupos: a) crianças usuárias de um serviço de psiquiatria (G1, n=20); b) crianças com indicadores sugestivos de problemas de saúde mental (G2, n=20); c) crianças sem indicadores de problemas de saúde mental, isto é, com sinais de desenvolvimento psíquico e escolar típicos (G3, n=20). Pretendeu-se, deste modo, examinar variáveis do Teste das Fábulas que identifiquem o diagnóstico clínico diferencial em crianças escolares de seis a 12 anos, analisando-se ainda eventuais efeitos do sexo e da idade sobre os resultados nos três grupos de crianças. Embora não tenha se configurado como objetivo inicial, também foi realizada revisão no sistema avaliativo proposto no manual brasileiro desse instrumento. Os participantes do estudo foram selecionados de serviços clínicos e de escolas públicas do interior do Estado de São Paulo, procurando-se pareá-los em função do sexo e da idade, excluindo-se aqueles com limite intelectual. Para tanto, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: formulário de identificação dos participantes; Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ); Teste das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven e o Teste das Fábulas, devidamente aplicados após consentimento dos pais e codificados conforme seus respectivos manuais técnicos. A codificação da produção no Teste das Fábulas foi realizada por três avaliadores independentes, examinando-se sua precisão, que apresentou indicadores bastante positivos. Foi possível caracterizar a produção de cada grupo, bem como identificar diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os mesmos, sinalizando bons indicadores de validade do Teste das Fábulas, consistentes também com diagnóstico obtido pelo SDQ. As variáveis de sexo e idade não se mostraram diferenciadoras na produção infantil. Desse modo, os atuais achados contribuem para o avanço do conhecimento científico sobre este método projetivo, demonstrando suas evidências de validade de modo empírico, bem como salientam a importância de sua utilização na prática profissional de psicólogos no contexto brasileiro e, em especial, no contexto clínico.
Among many resources for psychological evaluation, projective methods distinguished by its wealth of information about the components and psychic functioning, particularly in the research area of personality characteristics. To examine the infant age group, the Test of Fables (TF) is one of the available projective methods, based on psychoanalytic theory and has been relevant and useful, although requires review of psychometric evidence in the Brazilian context. The test consists of 10 unfinished short stories that are told to the child, and the main character is exposed to conflicting situations inherent in the stages of psychosexual development. The child is asked to complete these fables from her imagination and needs, allowing projective indicators of their dynamic personality and quality of defense mechanisms used. Currently, in Brazil, this projective method lies in its psychometric evidence review process. In this context, the present study aimed to gather validity evidence and indicators of accuracy and consistency of the pattern of Fables in its use in school children aged six to 12 years, comparing the yield obtained with three groups: a) children who have a psychiatry service (G1, n = 20); b) children with suggestive indicators of mental health problems (G2, n = 20); c) indicators of children without mental health problems, or with signs of psychic development and typical school (G3, n = 20). The intention was thus to examine the variables of Fables Test to identify the differential clinical diagnosis in school children aged six to 12 years, still analyzing possible effects of sex and age on outcomes in three groups of children. Although not set as an initial goal, a review was also performed in the evaluation system proposed in the Brazilian guider publication of the instrument. Study participants were selected from clinical services and public schools in the state of São Paulo, trying to pair them by gender and age, excluding those with intellectual limit. To this end, the following instruments were used: form identification of participants; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ); Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices Test and Fables Test, properly applied after parental consent and coded according to their respective technical manuals. The encoding of the production test of Fables was performed by three independent evaluators, examining their accuracy, which showed very positive indicators. It was possible to characterize the production of each group as well as to identify statistically significant differences between them, signaling good indicators of validity of the Test of Fables, consistent with a diagnosis obtained by the SDQ. The variables of sex and age were not differentiated in child production. Thus, the current findings contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge on this projective method, demonstrating their validity evidence empirically as well as emphasize the importance of its use in the professional practice of psychologists in the Brazilian context and, in particular, in the clinician context.

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Silva, Wilma Madeira da. "Navegar é preciso: avaliação de impactos do uso da internet na relação médico-paciente". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-30102006-103313/.

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Objetivos: verificar se indivíduos que acessam a Internet a utilizam para consultar informações sobre saúde e doenças; se o paciente, acessando a Internet muda sua atitude de paciente e se verifica mais ativo e mais participante do processo de decisão sobre sua saúde; e se, do ponto de vista do paciente, houve mudança na atitude do profissional médico frente ao maior uso da Internet por parte desse paciente. Metodologia: pesquisa com abordagem qualiquantitativa. A técnica empregada foi a do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo DSC, que possibilita a identificação e a construção de sujeitos e discursos coletivos distintos, por meio da análise de material individual e da extração das idéias centrais, compondo-se, com o conteúdo das idéias centrais semelhantes, discursos-síntese que expressam as representações sociais de uma coletividade. Para a coleta de dados foi publicado na Internet um questionário on-line que ficou disponível por três meses. Resultados: A maioria dos entrevistados acessa a Internet com freqüência de pelo menos uma vez por semana, a utiliza para consultar informações sobre saúde e doenças, informações relacionadas a casos vivenciados por eles ou por aqueles que os afetam diretamente (familiares) e, após alguma consulta médica, para verificar, entender ou complementar as informações oferecidas por seus médicos. Parte significativa dos entrevistados considera que as informações acessadas na Internet sobre saúde e doenças são úteis, utiliza tais informações para conversar com seus médicos em consultas posteriores e demonstra mudança de atitude, para uma postura mais participativa no processo de decisão sobre sua saúde. Conclusão: identificou-se uma diversidade de discursos coletivos distintos que, analisados e organizados em tipos e escalas, auxiliam na compreensão de questões tais como o tipo de participação do paciente durante a consulta médica, o grau de autonomia do paciente, os tipos de interação entre médico e paciente e os tipos de reações produzidas pelos profissionais médicos durante tal processo.
This research aims to verify whether individuals who have access the Internet use it to consult information on health and diseases; whether accessing the Internet changes the attitude of the patient and whether he becomes more active and more participant in the decision process about his health; and whether from the standpoint of the patient there were changes in the attitude of the medical professional as a consequence of the more intense use of the Internet by this patient. Procedure: research with quali-quantitative approach. The employed technique was the Speech of Collective Citizen - DSC, which allows the identification and construction of distinctive citizens and collective speeches through the analysis of individual material and the extration of the main ideas, composing, with the content of similar central ideas, speech-synthesis which express the social representations of a collective. For the data collection an on-line inquiry was published in the Internet and it was available for three months. Results: most of the interviewed individuals had frequent access to the Internet at least once a week, use it to consult information about health, diseases and information regarding medical cases experienced by them or by other people who affect them directly (relatives), and after some medical consultation, to verify, to understand or to complement the information offered by their doctors. A significant part of the interviewed ones consider that the information accessed in the Internet about health and diseases is useful, use such information to talk to their doctors in subsequent consultations and manifest an attitude change towards a participating position in the decision process about their own health. Conclusion: there is a diversity of distinctive collective speeches that, analyzed and organized in types and scales, assist in the understanding of questions such as the type of participation of the patient during the medical consultation, the degree of autonomy of the patient, the types of interaction between doctor and patient and the types of reactions produced for the medical professionals during such process.

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Massard, Christophe. "Biomarqueurs cellulaires circulants dans les cancers avancés". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015618.

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Les biomarqueurs sanguins peuvent être utilisés pour définir le pronostic des patients ou permettre de déterminer les altérations moléculaires des cancers, et peut-être pouvoir guider les traitements de thérapies ciblées.Les cellules tumorales circulantes sont le reflet de la cascade métastatique et de la progression tumorale. La détection et la caractérisation des CTC est un domaine clé de la recherche dans le cancer. Cependant, il n'existe pas de méthode standard pour la détection des CTC, et le premier objectif de notre étude a été de comparer deux systèmes de détection des CTC basé sur l'expression de l'antigène EpCAM (CellSearch), ou la taille des cellules (ISET). Nos résultats montrent qu'il existe une bonne corrélation pour la détection des CTC dans les cancers du sein ou de la prostate, mais pas dans les cancers bronchiques. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'il est nécessaire de développer d'autres techniques de détection des CTC pour l'énumération et la caractérisation pour permettre une médecine de précision.A ce jour il n'existe aucun marqueur validé pour prédire l'efficacité des antiangiogéniques. Les CEC et CEP sont des marqueurs prometteurs. Dans notre étude, nous avons fait l'hypothèse que les CEC et les CEP pouvaient être pronostic de la survie des patients inclus dans les études de phases précoces. Nos résultats montrent qu'un taux élevé de CEP est associé à un mauvais pronostic, et que les CEP pourraient permettre de mieux sélectionner les patients. En conclusion, les marqueurs sanguins comme les CTC, les CEC ou les CEP peuvent être utilisés comme des facteurs pronostiques ou permettre une caractérisation moléculaire, et être une partie intégrante des programmes de médecine de précision.

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Brunsch, Reiner, e Cornelia Weltzien. "Gesunde Ernährung, Anforderungen und Potentiale der Rückverfolgbarkeit und Transparenz-Idee der dezentralen Wertschöpfungsketten". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-234777.

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Andrade, Protasio Nery. "Caracterização microestrutural e mecanica de ligas Ti-Cu para aplicações odontologicas". [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263193.

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Orientadores: Rubens Caram Junior, Adelino Aguiar Coelho
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T17:54:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade_ProtasioNery_M.pdf: 9178937 bytes, checksum: f63ed0f47d8aa70b2d3a755e537fbe8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Em função de características como alta razão resistência/peso, ótima biocompatibilidade, elevada resistência à corrosão e módulo de elasticidade que pode ser controlado pela adição de elementos de liga, o uso de ligas de titânio pela indústria médica e odontológica está em franco crescimento. No presente estudo, ligas do sistema Ti-Cu com teores entre 5 e 15 % em peso de cobre foram fundidas através do processo de fundição por centrifugação em moldes de cobre. A alta taxa de resfriamento imposta pelo molde empregado levou à formação de microestruturas totalmente martensítica. Em seguida, tais microestruturas foram modificadas através tratamentos térmicos, levando a estruturas mais estáveis. A caracterização das amostras obtidas envolveu análise microestrutural através de microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura, difração de raios-X, ensaios mecânicos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as altas taxas de resfriamento envolvidas promoveram a formação da estrutura metaestável _'. O aumento da concentração de cobre levou ao aumento na dureza promovida pela formação do intermetálico Ti2Cu. O Ti2Cu apresentou módulo de elasticidade menor do que a fase _. A fratura dos corpos de prova teve caráter dúctil e é intensamente afetada pela presença de porosidade
Abstract: Due to characteristics like high strength-to-weight ratio, high biocompatibility, enhanced corrosion resistance and the possibility of controlling elastic behavior by proper addition of alloying elements, the use of titanium by medical and dental industries is continuously growing. In this work, Ti-Cu alloys with a Cu content varying from 5% to 15 wt% were prepared by arc melting and cast in copper molds. The high cooling rate imposed by copper mold led to the formation of a completely martensitic structure. Following, the microstructure of these samples were modified by applying proper heat treatments, leading to more stable microstructures. The samples characterization includes microstructure analyzes through optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction method and mechanical tests. The results obtained suggest that application of high cooling rates resulted in the formation of a'metastable phase. As Cu content was increased, hardness also increased due to Ti2Cu intermetallic compound precipitation. The Ti2Cu compound was found to present lower elastic modulus than the modulus of a phase. Finally, it was found that the heat treated samples presented high ductility and their mechanical behavior is affected by porosities
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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Анциферова, Олеся Олександрівна. "Технологічне забезпечення точності та якості поверхонь зубчастих коліс при удосконаленні методу зубошліфування". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/38013.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.02.08 – технологія машинобудування. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018. Дисертацію присвячено вирішенню проблеми підвищення продуктивності процесу зубошліфування на основі досягнення високої необхідної точності і якості поверхневого шару з оцінкою комплексного впливу конструктивно-технологічних факторів на процес формування поверхневого шару зубів зубчастих коліс з метою підвищення їх зносостійкості, а також продуктивності технологічного процесу в оптимальних виробничих умовах. Отримала подальший розвиток теоретико-експериментальна залежність формоутворення якості поверхневого шару та способу переривчастого зубошліфування, яка відрізняється врахуванням геометричних параметрів переривчастого кругу, що дозволило прогнозувати експлуатаційні властивості зубчастих коліс. Удосконалені технологічні засоби стабілізації оптимальних режимів переривчастого зубошліфування, які дозволяють підвищити якість обробки зубчастих коліс. Встановлена закономірність зменшення засалювання переривчастого зубошліфувального кругу та температури у зоні контакту, яке впливає на забезпечення експлуатаційних властивостей поверхонь зубів.
Thesis for scientific degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences on speciality 05.02.08 − Manufacturing Engineering. − National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2018. The dissertation is devoted to solving the problem of increasing the productivity of the process of grinding on the basis of achieving the high required accuracy and quality of the surface layer with an assessment of the complex influence of structural and technological factors on the formation of the surface layer of teeth of gear wheels in order to increase their wear resistance, as well as the productivity of the technological process in optimal production conditions. The theoretical and experimental dependence of the formation of the quality of the surface layer and the method of intermittent gear grinding has been further developed, which differs from the geometric parameters of the discontinuous circle, which allowed predicting the operational properties of the gears. Improved technological means of stabilizing optimal modes of intermittent gear grinding, which allow to improve the quality of machining of gear wheels. The regularity of reduction of salting of intermittent gear grinding wheels and temperature in the contact zone is established, which affects the maintenance of the operational properties of tooth surfaces.

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Анциферова, Олеся Олександрівна. "Технологічне забезпечення точності та якості поверхонь зубчастих коліс при удосконаленні методу зубошліфування". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/37888.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.02.08 – технологія машинобудування. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018. Дисертацію присвячено вирішенню проблеми підвищення продуктивності процесу зубошліфування на основі досягнення високої необхідної точності і якості поверхневого шару з оцінкою комплексного впливу конструктивно-технологічних факторів на процес формування поверхневого шару зубів зубчастих коліс з метою підвищення їх зносостійкості, а також продуктивності технологічного процесу в оптимальних виробничих умовах. Отримала подальший розвиток теоретико-експериментальна залежність формоутворення якості поверхневого шару та способу переривчастого зубошліфування, яка відрізняється врахуванням геометричних параметрів переривчастого кругу, що дозволило прогнозувати експлуатаційні властивості зубчастих коліс. Удосконалені технологічні засоби стабілізації оптимальних режимів переривчастого зубошліфування, які дозволяють підвищити якість обробки зубчастих коліс. Встановлена закономірність зменшення засалювання переривчастого зубошліфувального кругу та температури у зоні контакту, яке впливає на забезпечення експлуатаційних властивостей поверхонь зубів.
Thesis for scientific degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences on speciality 05.02.08 − Manufacturing Engineering. − National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2018. The dissertation is devoted to solving the problem of increasing the productivity of the process of grinding on the basis of achieving the high required accuracy and quality of the surface layer with an assessment of the complex influence of structural and technological factors on the formation of the surface layer of teeth of gear wheels in order to increase their wear resistance, as well as the productivity of the technological process in optimal production conditions. The theoretical and experimental dependence of the formation of the quality of the surface layer and the method of intermittent gear grinding has been further developed, which differs from the geometric parameters of the discontinuous circle, which allowed predicting the operational properties of the gears. Improved technological means of stabilizing optimal modes of intermittent gear grinding, which allow to improve the quality of machining of gear wheels. The regularity of reduction of salting of intermittent gear grinding wheels and temperature in the contact zone is established, which affects the maintenance of the operational properties of tooth surfaces.

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van, Rie A., Viedma D. G. de, Conor J. Meehan, I. Comas, T. H. Heupink, Vos E. De, Onate W. A. de et al. "Whole-genome sequencing for TB source investigations: principles of ethical precision public health". 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18526.

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yes
BACKGROUND: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis allows rapid, accurate inferences about the sources, location and timing of transmission. However, in an era of heightened concern for personal privacy and science distrust, such inferences could result in unintended harm and undermine the public´s trust. METHODS: We held interdisciplinary stakeholder discussions and performed ethical analyses of real-world illustrative cases to identify principles that optimise benefit and mitigate harm of M. tuberculosis WGS-driven TB source investigations.RESULTS: The speed and precision with which real-time WGS can be used to associate M. tuberculosis strains with sensitive information has raised important concerns. While detailed understanding of transmission events could mitigate harm to vulnerable patients and communities when otherwise unfairly blamed for TB outbreaks, the precision of WGS can also identify transmission events resulting in social blame, fear, discrimination, individual or location stigma, and the use of defaming language by the public, politicians and scientists. Public health programmes should balance the need to safeguard privacy with public health goals, transparency and individual rights, including the right to know who infects whom or where.CONCLUSIONS: Ethical challenges raised by real-time WGS-driven TB source investigation requires public health authorities to move beyond their current legal mandate and embrace transparency, privacy and community engagement.

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Ferrão, João Luís. "Characterising, modelling and mapping malaria occurrence and its mortality trend for precision public health". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/64068.

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A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Information Management Specialization in Statistics and Econometrics
This work considers characterizing, modelling and mapping malaria occurrence and its mortality trend for Precision Public Health in Chimoio. Mozambique. Malaria is an ancient disease and a major public concern especially in the African continent. The majority of deaths occur among children living in Africa (91 %), where a child dies every minute and half from malaria. The data for malaria cases and mortality were obtained from the weekly BES from 2006 to 2014 and Civil Registration books from 2007 to 2014respectively. To model malaria cases ARIMA was used while for mortality trends, Intervention time series analysis (ITSA) was used. Package tscount and R version 3.3.2, Biestat 5.0 and SPSS were employed to fit, assess and predict model and statistical analysis. In Chimoio, malaria occurrence and mortality is increasing annually and presents a spatial and temporal pattern peaking during weeks 1 to 12 (January to March). The rural areas of the municipality have more malaria and mortality cases, followed by suburbs, and urban areas have fewer cases. Children under 5 years of age are three times more prone to get malaria than the rest of the population. The Chimoio climate seems ideal for malaria occurrence. Children between 1 – 4 years old are 13% of Chimoio population, but represent 25% of malaria mortalities. The entire municipality presents a malaria risk, 96% with moderate risk and 4% with high-risk areas. The use of Intervention time series analysis approach for modelling malaria mortality is suggested, and on owing to its flexibility and interpretation. The practicality of the statistical modelling method was validated to detect the lagged relationship between malaria cases and mortality. Based on the results, malaria cases and mortality can be predicted two months in advance. This modelling approach is robust, and can predict the expected number of malaria and mortality cases in advance. Thus, timely prevention and control measures can be effectively planned in Chimoio, such as the elimination of vector breeding places, correct time and place to spray insecticides, and awareness campaigns weeks before the malaria peak season. This can lead to a reduction in malaria cases, by knowing the best moment for spraying, saving time and cost of insecticide application and preventive programmes, and guiding smart environmental care (Precision Public Health).
Considera-se neste trabalho a caracterização, modelagem e mapeamento da ocorrência da malaria e suas tendências de mortalidade, para a Saúde Publica de Precisão em Chimoio, Moçambique. A malária é uma doença milenar sendo um grande problema de Saúde Pública, especialmente em África onde ocorre o maior número de mortalidade em crianças (91%) estimando-se que em cada minuto e meio uma criança morre de malária. Os dados de malária e mortalidade foram recolhidos dos Boletins Epidemiológicos Semanais de 2006 a 2014 e dos livros de registos dos Serviços de Registo e Notariado no período entre 2007 a 2014 respetivamente. Para a modelação da malaria foi usado o ARIMA enquanto para as tendências de mortalidade o a análise de série temporal de intervenção (ITSA). Os pacotes estatísticos tscount, R versão 3.3.2, Bioestat 5.0 e o SPSS versão 20 foram usados para modelar, aceder e realizar predição do modelo e testes estatísticos apropriados. Em Chimoio a ocorrência da malaria e mortalidade tendem a crescer anualmente, exibindo padrões temporais e espaciais sendo o seu pico entre as semanas 1 a 12 (janeiro a março) e as áreas rurais apresentam mais malária e mortalidade, seguida dos subúrbios sendo a zona urbana a que menos casos apresenta. +As crianças com menos de 5 anos de idade tem três vezes mais suscetibilidade de contrair malária. O Clima de Chimoio parece ser ideal para a ocorrência da malária. As crianças entre 1 – 4 anos de idade constituem13% da população, entretanto representam 25 % dos casos de mortalidade por malária. Toda a superfície municipal apresenta risco para contrair malaria sendo, 96% áreas de risco moderado e 4% de risco alto. Sugere-se o uso da abordagem de series temporais generalizadas para a modelação devido a sua flexibilidade e facilidade de interpretação. A praticabilidade da modelação estatística foi validada para detetar a distância entre a ocorrência da malária e mortalidade. Com base nos dados a ocorrência de malária e mortalidade podem ser previstos com antecedência. VII Esta forma de abordar a modelação é robusta, pode fazer a previsão atempada da malária e mortalidade, permitindo medidas de prevenção e controlo atempadas e uma planificação efetiva em Chimoio consistindo em eliminação de áreas para a reprodução do vetor, tempo e local correto para a pulverização com inseticidas, fazer as campanhas de prevenção antes do pico da malária. Estas medidas podem resultar em poupança de custos e tempo nas medidas preventivas para além de reduzir os efeitos nefastos para o ambiente (Saúde Publica de Precisão).

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Cotta, Pedro António Guimarães de Vasconcelos Rebelo. "Precision medicine and schizophrenia: What about telomere length?" Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/120649.

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Cotta, Pedro António Guimarães de Vasconcelos Rebelo. "Precision medicine and schizophrenia: What about telomere length?" Dissertação, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/120649.

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Angel, Yoseline. "Monitoring crop development and health using UAV-based hyperspectral imagery and machine learning". Diss., 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/670149.

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Agriculture faces many challenges related to the increasing food demands of a growing global population and the sustainable use of resources in a changing environment. To address them, we need reliable information sources, like exploiting hyperspectral satellite, airborne, and ground-based remote sensing data to observe phenological traits through a crops growth cycle and gather information to precisely diagnose when, why, and where a crop is suffering negative impacts. By combining hyperspectral capabilities with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), there is an increased capacity for providing time-critical monitoring and new insights into patterns of crop development. However, considerable effort is required to effectively utilize UAV-integrated hyperspectral systems in crop-modeling and crop-breeding tasks. Here, a UAV-based hyperspectral solution for mapping crop physiological parameters was explored within a machine learning framework. To do this, a range of complementary measurements were collected from a field-based phenotyping experiment, based on a diversity panel of wild tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) that were grown under fresh and saline conditions. From the UAV data, positionally accurate reflectance retrievals were produced using a computationally robust automated georectification and mosaicking methodology. The resulting multitemporal UAV data were then employed to retrieve leaf-chlorophyll (Chl) dynamics via a machine learning framework. Several approaches were evaluated to identify the best-performing regression supervised methods. An investigation of two learning strategies (i.e., sequential and retraining) and the value of using spectral bands and vegetation indices (VIs) as prediction features was also performed. Finally, the utility of UAVbased hyperspectral phenotyping was demonstrated by detecting the effects of salt-stress on the different tomato accessions by estimating the salt-induced senescence index from the retrieved Chl dynamics, facilitating the identification of salt-tolerant candidates for future investigations. This research illustrates the potential of UAV-based hyperspectral imaging for plant phenotyping and precision agriculture. In particular, a) developing systematic imaging calibration and pre-processing workflows; b) exploring machine learning-driven tools for retrieving plant phenological dynamics; c) establishing a plant stress detection approach from hyperspectral-derived metrics; and d) providing new insights into using computer vision, big-data analytics, and modeling strategies to deal effectively with the complexity of the UAV-based hyperspectral data in mapping plant physiological indicators.

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Jackson, Jennie A. "Bias and Precision in Biomechanical Exposure Assessment : Making the Most of our Methods". Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314784.

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Background: Insufficient exposure assessment is a suggested contributing factor to the current lack of clearly characterised relationships between occupational biomechanical risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders. Minimal attention has been paid to the potential bias of measurement tools from expected true values (i.e. accuracy) or between measurement tools, and empirical data on the magnitudes of variance contributed by methodological factors for measurement tool precision are lacking. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to quantify aspects of bias and precision in three commonly employed biomechanical risk factor assessment tools - inclinometry, observation, and electromyography (EMG) - and provide recommendations guiding their use. Methods: Upper arm elevation angles (UAEAs) were assessed using inclinometers (INC) and by computer-based posture-matching observation, and bias relative to true angles was calculated. Calibration models were developed for INC data, and their efficacy in correcting measurement bias was evaluated. The total variance of trapezius and erector spinae (ES) EMG recordings during cyclic occupational work was partitioned into biological and methodological sources, including the variance uniquely attributable to sub-maximal normalisation. Using algorithms to estimate the precision of a group mean, the efficacy of different trapezius EMG study designs was evaluated. Using precision criteria, the efficacy of different normalisation methods was assessed for ES EMG recordings. Results and Discussion: Inclinometer measured UAEAs were biased from true angles, with increasing bias at higher angles. In contrast, computer based posture-matching observations were not biased from true angles. Calibration models proved effective at minimizing INC data bias. The dispersion of estimates between- and within- observers at any given set angle underlined the importance of repeated observations when estimating UAEAs. For EMG, a unique but relatively small component of the total variance was attributable to the methodological process of normalisation. Performing three repeats of the trapezius EMG normalisation task proved optimal at minimizing variance for one-day EMG studies, while two repeats sufficed for multi-day EMG studies. A prone normalisation task proved superior for maximizing normalised lumbar ES EMG precision. Conclusion: Key aspects of measurement tool accuracy, bias between tools, and tool precision were quantified, and recommendations were made to guide future research study design.

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Tsai, Pei-Fen, e 蔡佩芬. "The Construction of Precision Healthcare Innovation Service Design Model: An Example from High-end Self-pay Health Management Clinic in Taipei". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7a3mgd.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
健康政策與管理研究所
106
As the burden of chronic diseases rapidly increases and population demographics shift towards an aging society, healthcare utilization gradually increases in the current year. In addition, with the development of precision medicine, the introduction of personalized healthcare services which meet the needs for individual health expectation will be a key strategy for developing healthcare market and merit further research. However, there is a lack of research on personalized healthcare services, and even fewer studies directly examine innovation management and construction of service models in this area. A case study was employed in this study and samples were from a Self-pay Health Management Clinic in Taiwan. We examined the business models and key factors in personalized advanced healthcare services from 6 aspects, namely healthcare service strategy, healthcare service investment, healthcare service delivery system, healthcare service output, healthcare service performance, and healthcare service measurement. Main findings of this study were as following: first, besides abandoning the fragmented healthcare services that focuses mainly on disease treatment, building of an innovated personalized healthcare model should be brought forward to early stage prevention of subacute conditions. Second, combination of health information technology and multidisciplinary healthcare professional which provided integrated healthcare services can encourage clients to develop better health behavior. Third, as healthcare service is a form of high-contact service, healthcare service staff should pay more attention to communication skills or multidisciplinary roles. If this can be combined with a good business model and good management abilities in service designers, a complete education and functional medicine physician training system and appropriate customer feedback mechanism can be constructed, which can confirm that the service strategy is clear and conforms to organizational and customer expectations. In addition, the connection between contact staff and customer can be strengthened, which can better improve the degree of satisfaction in customers and stakeholders. This will result in high healthcare performance that combines healthcare, finance, operations, and customers.

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Beato, Frederico Marcelo Rodrigues. "Validation of a predictive model of early tooth loss in periodontitis patients". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/35387.

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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Introduction: Periodontitis is a highly prevalent oral disease characterized by tissue destruction with loss of the dentition’s attachment apparatus and ultimately results in tooth loss, if not treated. Patients with periodontitis and tooth loss see their quality of life greatly impacted. The continuing growth of precision dentistry and prediction modeling approaches to Periodontology aims to excel treatments while minimizing unnecessary costs in what ends up being a more informed and tailored approach, improving the patient's quality of life by providing more effective and predicted treatments. Importantly, such models do not exist for the Portuguese population and this study aims to validate a previously developed prediction model for early tooth loss in periodontitis patients, defined as extractions after diagnosis and before periodontal treatment. Materials and methods: A previously developed model with the following equation: Log[Prob. (Ext.)/(1-Prob. (Ext.))] = -7.850 + 0.589 × TD(Incisive) + 0.661 × CAL (clinical attachment loss) was used. The validation sample involved a retrospective cohort of patients from the Periodontology Department of the Egas Moniz Dental Clinic, and recruited consecutively from June 2018 to March 2020. The validation process was carried out following the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement for validation. Results: From an initial sample of 111 patients, 99 were considered for this study. A total of 2177 teeth were examined, with 12 performed extractions. The discrimination of the model was considered good, with an area under the curve value of 0.809 (95% CI: 0.629 - 0.989). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the previously developed predictive model for early tooth loss had a good performance and, therefore, shows validity to be used in this population. Further studies with larger samples and of national representativeness shall be developed to validate this predictive model. Testing the applicability and impact of this model may provide relevant information.
Introdução: A periodontite é uma doença oral altamente prevalente, caracterizada por perda dos tecidos de suporte da dentição e que culmina em perda de dentes, se não for tratada. Pacientes com periodontite e com perda de dentes vêem a sua qualidade de vida grandemente impactada. O contínuo crescimento da medicina dentária de precisão e de modelos preditivos em Periodontologia tem com objetivo melhorar os tratamentos e reduzir custos desnecessários, naquilo que acaba por ser uma abordagem mais informada e personalizada, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes ao permitir tratamentos mais efetivos e previsíveis. Tais modelos não existem para a população portuguesa e este estudo explora a validação de um modelo de previsão previamente desenvolvido para perda precoce de dentes em pacientes periodontais, definida como extrações após o diagnóstico e antes do tratamento periodontal. Materiais e métodos: O modelo desenvolvido apresenta a seguinte equação: Log[Prob. (Ext.)/(1-Prob. (Ext.))] = -7.850 + 0.589 × TD(Incisivo) + 0.661 × PIC. A amostra de validação contém pacientes do Departamento de Periodontologia da Clínica Dentária Egas Moniz, avaliados retrospetivamente e recrutados consecutivamente de Junho de 2018 a Março de 2020. O modelo foi aplicado e a sua performance foi avaliada. Este estudo segue as orientações da Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement. Resultados: De uma amostra inicial de 111 pacientes, 99 foram considerados para este estudo. Foram avaliados 2177 dentes, tendo sido realizadas 12 extrações. A discriminação do modelo foi considerada boa, com um valor de AUC de 0.809 (IC 95%: 0.629 - 0.989). Conclusão: Dentro das limitações deste estudo, o modelo previamente desenvolvido foi validado com uma boa performance. Futuras investigações devem ser desenvolvidas, com amostras de maior dimensão e representativas da população portuguesa. Testar a aplicabilidade e o impacto do uso deste modelo poderá fornecer informações relevantes.

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Maia, André Filipe Costa. "Relatórios de Estágio e Monografia intitulada “Revolução Digital na Área da Saúde: Farma 4.0”". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/92987.

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Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia
Relatório de estágio em farmácia comunitária, na Farmácia S. Miguel, realizado com orientação da Dra. Alexandra de Albuquerque Mendes de Sousa Dias, redigido na forma de análise SWOT.Relatório de estágio em assuntos regulamentares, na empresa BasePoint Consulting Services com orientação da Dra. Beatriz Valente Machado Cancela Costa, redigido na forma de análise SWOT.Dissertação com o título "Revolução Digital na Área da Saúde: Farma 4.0", orientado pelo Professor Doutor António Augusto Miranda Lemos Romão Donato, cujo resumo do trabalho é:"A Quarta Revolução Industrial, conhecida por Indústria 4.0, está a provocar grandes alterações na globalidade dos setores, nomeadamente na área da saúde. A adoção de tecnologias 4.0 como a Internet of Things (IoT) e os Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), estão a permitir gerar e trabalhar novas abordagens, como é o caso da m-Health e da Medicina de Precisão. O uso de ferramentas como o smartphone, possibilita uma medicina com maior dinamismo e melhores outcomes. No setor farmacêutico a Indústria 4.0, nomeada de Farma 4.0, promete ser a chave para tornar o modelo mais eficaz e sustentável. A diminuição do tempo de Investigação e Desenvolvimento (I&D) através de Inteligência Artificial (IA) ou a transformação dos sistemas de produção clássicos em Sistemas de Produção Farmacêutica Inteligentes (SPFI) através da aplicação de estruturas como Cyber-Physical-based on Process Analytical Tecnology (CPbPAT), representam melhorias muito promissoras nesta trajetória 4.0."
Internship report in community pharmacy, at Farmácia S. Miguel, conducted under the guidance of Dra. Alexandra de Albuquerque Mendes de Sousa Dias and written in the form of SWOT analysis. Internship report on regulatory affairs, at the company BasePoint Consulting Services conducted under the guidance of Dra. Beatriz Valente Machado Cancela Costa, and written in the form of SWOT analysis.Dissertation with the title "Revolução Digital na Área da Saúde: Farma 4.0", guided by Professor António Augusto Miranda Lemos Romão Donato, whose abstract is:"The Fourth Industrial Revolution, known as Industry 4.0, is causing major changes in the sectors in general, namely in the area of m-Health. The adoption of technologies 4.0 such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), are allowing to generate and work on new approaches, such as m-Health and Precision Medicine. The use of tools such as the smartphone, allows a medicine with greater dynamism and better outcomes. In the pharmaceutical sector, Industry 4.0, named as Pharma 4.0, promises to be the key to making the model more effective and sustainable. The reduction of Research and Development (I&D) time through Artificial Intelligence (IA) or the transformation of classic production systems into Intelligent Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Systems (SPFI) through the application of structures such as Cyber-Physical-based on Process Analytical Tecnhology (CPbPAT), represent promising improvements on this trajectory 4.0."

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