Teses / dissertações: "Powder in suspension"

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Lewis, Paul O., David B. Cluck, Jessica D. Huffman, Amanda P. Ogle e Stacy D. Brown. "Stability of a Pyrimethamine Suspension Compounded from Bulk Powder". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp160551.

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Purpose:Development of a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for pyrimethamine analysis, with subsequent application of that method to assess the 90-day stability of a pyrimethamine suspension compounded from bulk USP-grade pyrimethamine powder, is described. Methods:A stability-indicating method of HPLC with ultraviolet detection specific to pyrimethamine was developed according to pharmacopeial recommendations and validated. The method was applied to investigate the stability of a 2-mg/mL pyrimethamine suspension in a vehicle consisting of Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet (Perrigo) over a period of 90 days. Three replicate test preparations were stored at room temperature or refrigerated at 4.3–5.2 °C, and samples were analyzed in duplicate immediately after preparation and on study days 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 30, 48, 60, 75, and 90. Results:The 2-mg/mL suspension of pyrimethamine in Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet retained 90–110% of the labeled potency to 90 days at both temperature ranges. However, color changes in the samples stored at room temperature observed at day 60 indicated that a beyond-use date less than 90 days from the preparation date should be specified when the suspension is to be stored at room temperature. Conclusion:The study demonstrated that USP-grade pyrimethamine powder can be formulated as a 2-mg/mL suspension in a vehicle of Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet and is stable when stored at room temperature and when refrigerated, in amber plastic bottles, for 48 and 90 days, respectively.

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Wattieaux, Gaëtan. "Détection et métrologie de nanoparticules en suspension dans un plasma froid basse pression". Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2080.

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Face au développement actuel des nanotechnologies il apparaît important de pouvoir contrôler la taille des nano-objets mis en oeuvre par les industriels aussi bien pour la qualité des produits manufacturés que pour la sécurité des personnes et la protection de l'environnement. Le travail qui a été accompli au cours de cette thèse concernait la recherche de solutions innovantes pour mesurer la taille de nanoparticules en voie sèche. Pour cela nous nous sommes plus particulièrement concentrés sur la physique des plasmas poudreux. En effet l'utilisation d'un plasma permet de favoriser la désagglomération de l'échantillon de poudre que l'on souhaite caractériser et la présence de poussières dans un plasma modifie sensiblement les caractéristiques électriques de ce dernier. Nous avons montré dans un premier temps qu'il est possible de déterminer la taille moyenne de poussières piégées dans une décharge capacitive RF à basse pression à partir de la mesure de la variation des paramètres électriques de cette dernière quand de la poudre s'y forme ou y est injectée. Nous avons également développé une nouvelle technique de granulométrie par sédimentation à basse pression et assistée par plasma. Cette technique consiste à disperser l'échantillon de poudre en l'injectant dans un plasma puis à en déduire sa taille à partir de la mesure de sa vitesse de sédimentation après l'extinction du plasma. Ainsi, il est possible de déterminer la fonction de distribution en taille de l'échantillon de poudre que l'on analyse. Le système que nous avons conçu a été utilisé avec succès pour contrôler en temps réel une ligne de production de nanopoudres au CEA Saclay
The recent development of nanotechnology has made nanoparticle sizing more and more important for the quality of manufactured products as well as for human health and environmental protection. The aim of this thesis was to look for innovative solutions to measure the size and the concentration of nanoparticles in dry environnement. To meet this requirement we focused on the physics of dusty plasmas because the desagglomeration of a powder sample is enhanced when it is exposed to a plasma and the dusts modify signifcantly the electrical properties of the plasma where they are trapped. The first result of this work is the determination of the mean size of dusts that are injected or formed in a RF low pressure capacitive discharge from the variations of the electrical parameters of the plasma and of the discharge. A new particle sizing technique has also been developed. It consists of determining the powder size distribution from the measurement of its sedimentation speed following the extinction of the discharge. The system that has been designed was successfully used to monitor in real time a nanopowder production line based at the CEA Saclay

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De, Villiers Janene Oosthuizen. "Combination antiretroviral therapy : formulation of a powder for oral suspension containing Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Nevirapine / Janene Oosthuizen de Villiers". Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15.

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Ravaux, Alice. "Réalisation et étude de dépôts composites multi-échelle élaborés par projection plasma pour applications tribologiques à hautes températures". Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0077/document.

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L’impact énergétique de la tribologie sur la vie économique et industrielle est important ; diminuer le frottement et l’usure des pièces mécaniques est un véritable enjeu pour des secteurs industriels très divers. Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de la prévention de l’usure d’éléments mécaniques pouvant être soumis à des conditions sévères d’utilisation telles que les hautes températures. La réalisation de revêtements protecteurs céramique-métal est alors particulièrement indiquée afin d’apporter respectivement la résistance à la corrosion induite par les hautes températures avec un alliage adapté, et la résistance à l’usure grâce à la dureté des céramiques. D’autre part, le développement des recherches dans le domaine nanométrique a montré l’intérêt de la diminution de l’échelle sur l’amélioration des propriétés tribologique globales des revêtements. La projection thermique regroupe alors les procédés les plus adaptés à la réalisation de tels revêtements. Dans ce travail, des revêtements multi-composants (céramique-métal) et multi-échelles (micrométrique-nanométrique) sont développés par projection plasma afin de répondre à la problématique de résistance tribologique à haute température. La réalisation des dépôts est mise en œuvre à l’aide d’une torche tri-cathodes (TriplexPro-200) avantageuse pour sa stabilité et les larges possibilités laissées par sa fenêtre opératoire étendue. Les spécificités de cette torche seront étudiées afin d’adapter au mieux le procédé à la réalisation complexe de dépôts à composante multi-échelle. Une démarche innovante de projection hybride associant projection de poudres micrométriques et de suspensions de poudres nanométriques sera alors développée. Les étapes ayant amenées à la réalisation de ces revêtements sont détaillées dans ce travail puis les caractéristiques et le comportement tribologique des dépôts sont finalement étudiés
Nowadays, tribology has a high energetic impact on economic and industrial areas. Thus, reducing wear and friction of mechanical parts has become a real stakes for various industries. This study is focused on the wear prevention of mechanical parts subjected to severe operating conditions like high temperatures.The realization of protective ceramic-metal coatings is thus particularly appropriated to improve corrosion resistance induced by the high temperatures, with a suitable alloy, and the wear resistance, thanks to the ceramics hardness. Furthermore, researches development in the nanoscale field have shown the interest of scale reduction on the improvement of coatings tribological properties. Thermal spraying is then the most appropriate process for the realization of such coatings.In this work, multi-components (ceramic-metal) and multi-scales (micrometric-nanometric) coatings are developed by plasma spraying in order to give an answer to the high temperature tribological resistance issue. Coatings are realized using a three-cathodes plasma gun (TriplexPro-200) which provides a more stable plasma jet and offers wide possibilities by an extended operating window. First, the special features of this kind of plasma gun will be studied in order to adjust the process to the complex realization of multi-scale coatings. An innovative approach using a hybrid spraying process was thus developed, combining conventional micrometric powder spraying and suspension of nanoscale powders spraying. In a second time, the steps leading to the production of such coatings will be detailed, and finally, their main properties and their tribological behavior will be studied

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Boissière, Benjamin. "Étude hydrodynamique et thermique d'un nouveau concept de récepteur solaire à suspensions denses gazparticules". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/13944/1/boissiere.pdf.

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Parmi les centrales solaires thermiques à concentration, la technologie des centrales à tour offre l'un des rendements les plus importants de production d'énergie. Néanmoins, l'efficacité et la sécurité de ces centrales sont améliorables. En effet, les sels fondus, généralement utilisés comme fluide de transfert thermique, présentent une plage limitée d'utilisation (200-550°C), à l'origine des limites d'efficacité de la conversion thermique-électrique, ainsi que de consommations parasites d'énergie de chauffage. De plus, leurs caractères corrosif et comburant sont à l'origine de sévères contraintes de sécurité. Un nouveau concept de récepteur solaire, dont les caractéristiques permettent de s'affranchir des contraintes associées aux sels fondus, est présenté dans ce manuscrit. Il utilise des suspensions denses de particules fluidisées par un gaz comme fluide de transfert et de stockage de l'énergie thermique. Ce concept, et la technologie de récepteur associée, a été brevetée par Flamant et Hemati dans le cadre d'une collaboration entre le Laboratoire CNRS-PROMES d'Odeillo, et l'Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse. Son développement a reçu le soutien financier du CNRS, puis de la Commission Européenne. Les propriétés thermiques du carbure de silicium ont déterminé le choix de ce solide. Le diamètre moyen des particules utilisées avoisine 60 micromètres (groupe A). Ces particules présentent d'excellentes propriétés de fluidisation pour des vitesses de gaz faibles. La construction et l'exploitation d'une maquette froide transparente ont permis de démontrer la faisabilité hydrodynamique du concept. Cette maquette est un échangeur à deux passes. Chaque passe est constituée de deux tubes verticaux en parallèle. L'une est traversée par un débit vertical ascendant de solide, l'autre descendant. Un débit de solide continu, stable et équitablement réparti a été obtenu à l'intérieur des tubes. La caractérisation hydrodynamique détaillée de l'écoulement, et du comportement globale de la maquette, en fonction des conditions opératoires, a été effectué sur la partie ascendante de l'écoulement dans l'échangeur. La construction et l'exploitation d'une maquette chaude, constituée d'un seul tube traversé par une suspension dense en écoulement ascendant, chauffé par 3 fours d'une puissance totale de 5,6 kW, a permis d'estimer la capacité de transfert thermique de ce nouveau type d'échangeur. Le contrôle et la stabilité des conditions opératoires a permis d'évaluer l'effet de ces dernières sur le transfert thermique entre l'échangeur et la suspension dense de fines particules le traversant. La modélisation par 3 approches du transport ascendant de la suspension dense a également été réalisée. Une approche corrélative 1D basée sur le formalisme du modèle Bulle-Emulsion, adapté afin de tenir compte de l'entraînement des particules dans le sillage des bulles. Ce modèle permet de représenter la structure diphasique de l'écoulement. Une autre approche 1D a été utilisée. Elle repose sur la résolution des équations locales de conservation de masse et de quantité de mouvement sur chaque phase gaz et solide. Cette méthode permet de s'affranchir des hypothèses du modèle Bulle-Emulsion. Enfin, la simulation numérique 3D a été réalisée sur un maillage complet du système, de telle sorte que les conditions aux bornes imposées son identiques à celle imposée par l'opérateur (débit de fluidisation, débit d'aération, débit de solide, pression de la nourrice). Cette dernière apporte des informations sur la structure locale de l'écoulement, dont les caractéristiques permettent d'expliquer l'efficacité du transfert thermique entre la suspension et la paroi observé expérimentalement.

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Machado, Jaison Carlosso. "Desenvolvimento e controle de qualidade de micropartículas poliméricas contendo praziquantel para o tratamento pediátrico da esquistossomose". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181180.

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A esquistossomose é uma doença parasitária aguda e crônica causada por vermes sanguíneos (vermes nematoides) do gênero Schistosoma. O homem contrai a esquistossomose através da penetração ativa da cercaria na pele. A importância do tratamento desta enfermidade consiste não só no fato de curar a doença ou diminuir a carga parasitária dos pacientes, bem como impedir sua evolução para formas mais graves. Para o tratamento da esquistossomose o fármaco de escolha é o praziquantel; isso se deve ao seu amplo espectro, sua eficácia, segurança e a relação custo/tratamento. A única forma farmacêutica disponível no Brasil é o comprimido, na dose de 600 mg, a qual pode ser subdividida em quatro partes de 150 mg, a fim de facilitar o ajuste de dose. No entanto, no momento da subdivisão dos comprimidos ocorre o rompimento do revestimento. Este fato acaba levando a uma exposição do fármaco e, consequentemente, de seu sabor amargo. Esta característica dificulta a administração do medicamento, principalmente na população infantil, prejudicando o tratamento e o controle da doença. Uma alternativa para este problema é o desenvolvimento de sistemas poliméricos microparticulados que associados ao fármaco impediriam o contato direto com as papilas gustativas e assim promoveriam uma melhoria na palatabilidade. Para isso utilizou-se a técnica modificada de deposição interfacial do polímero pré-formado seguido de secagem por aspersão. Três matrizes poliméricas, com diferentes características de liberação foram utilizadas, Eudragit RL 100 – liberação tempo dependente e Eudragit E100 e L30D-55 – liberação pH dependente. Além disso, dois tipos de sistemas carreadores do fármaco foram preparados, microcápsulas e microesferas poliméricas. Estes sistemas obtidos foram avaliados e caracterizados a fim de eleger a melhor proposta de formulação visando o mascaramento do sabor do fármaco. De acordo com os resultados obtidos selecionou-se um sistema composto por microcápsulas formadas a partir do polímero L30D-55. A partir de então inseriu-se este sistema na forma farmacêutica pó para suspensão oral, onde diferentes propostas de formulações, contendo dois edulcorantes auxiliares, aspartame e sacarina, separadamente, e seus respectivos placebos foram avaliadas através de um método in vitro para a determinação do sabor, a língua eletrônica ou sensor gustativo. As diferentes formulações avaliadas apresentaram capacidade em mascarar o sabor desagradável do fármaco e, assim resultam em uma promissora alternativa para o aumento da adesão por parte dos pacientes à terapêutica, principalmente para crianças, em virtude da facilidade de administração, do ajuste da dose em função da massa corpórea e ao sabor muito mais agradável ao paladar infantil.
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease acute and chronic caused by blood worms (nematodes worms) of the genus Schistosoma. Man acquires schistosomiasis through the active penetration of the worms in skin. The importance of treatment of this disease is not only the fact of curing the disease or decreases the parasite load of patients, well as prevent progression to more severe forms. For the treatment of schistosomiasis praziquantel is the drug of choice, this is due to its wide spectrum, its efficacy, safety and the relation cost / treatment. The single dosage form available in Brazil is tablet at a dose of 600 mg, which can be subdivided into four parts of 150 mg to facilitate dose adjustment. However when the subdivision of the tablets occurs the disruption of the coating. This fact provides a drug exposure and consequently of its bitter taste. This characteristic complicates the administration of the drug mainly in children, affecting the treatment and control of disease. An alternative for this problem is the development of microparticulate polymeric systems which associated with the drug would prevent direct contact with the taste buds and thus promote an improvement in palatability. For this was used a modified technique interfacial deposition of preformed polymer followed by spray drying. Three polymer matrices with different release characteristics have been used, Eudragit RL 100 – time dependent release, and Eudragit E100 and L30D-55 – pH dependent release. Furthermore, two types of drug carrier systems have been prepared, polymeric microspheres and microcapsules. These systems obtained were evaluated and characterized in order to select the best proposal formulation aimed at masking the taste of the drug. According to the results we selected a system comprising microcapsules formed from L30D-55 polymer. From then was inserted into this system in the pharmaceutical form, powder for oral suspension, where different proposals formulations containing two auxiliary sweeteners, aspartame and saccharin, separately, and their respective placebos were evaluated in an in vitro method for determining the taste, the electronic tongue. The different formulations tested presented excellent ability to mask the unpleasant taste of the drug and thus present an excellent alternative for increasing adherence to therapy, especially for children, because of the ease of administration, according on dose adjustment of body mass and the much more palatable to children's taste.

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Catalot-Martinent, Valérie. "Étude de suspensions ciment alumineux-eau : corrélations rhéologie-granularité-compacité". Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG4209.

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Dans cette etude nous nous sommes interesses aux relations entre les proprietes intrinseques d'une poudre comme sa granularite et sa compacite et son comportement rheologique en suspension dans l'eau. Le poudre etudiee est un ciment presentant une courbe granulometrique tres etalee (0 - 100m). Nous avons realise une etude systemique. Elle consiste a fractionner le ciment en plusieurs populations (quatre). Ces fractions ont ete melangees afin d'obtenir des populations presentant des courbes granulometriques tres variees. Nous avons caracterise ces poudres : etude granulaire, compacite, et etudie le comportement rheologique de ces poudres en suspension. Les tests d'ecoulement ont ete realises a l'aide d'un rheometre a contrainte impose. Les correlations observees entre la rheologie et la granularite peuvent s'expliquer par la combinaison de deux phenomenes mis en evidence par le melange : le phenomene de surface et d'agglomeration des particules fines et le phenomene de sedimentation des grosses particules. Nous observons un ecoulement maximum entre deux diametres, dans cette zone, nous montrons que le comportement rheologique est fonction de l'etalement granulaire et de la compacite de la poudre autrement dit de l'arrangement des grains.

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Tiabi, Nadia. "Synthèse de préformes dopées ytterbium par voie poudre pour la réalisation des lasers à fibre de haute puissance". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0049.

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Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’une thèse CIFRE en colla-boration entre le laboratoire Xlim et le centre technologique optique & lasers « ALPhANOV ». L’objectif principal de cette thèse consiste à développer des préformes dopées à l’ytterbium, conçues pour résister au phénomène de photo-noircissement (PN), en vue de leur utilisation dans des applications laser à haute puissance. Ce phénomène dégrade les performances des lasers et entraîne une réduction de leur puissance de sortie. Les travaux de cette thèse sont articulés autour de deux principaux axes. Le premier vise à définir la composition du cœur ainsi que la méthode de synthèse appropriée pour fabriquer des cœurs de préformes résistant face au photo-noircissement (PN). Le deuxième axe repose sur l’élaboration, la caractérisation et l’évaluation des performances optiques de la fibre obtenue. La matrice choisie pour être étudiée est la matrice alumino-phosphosilicate. Elle a été obtenue par une méthode de synthèse appelée « poudre en suspension ». Les différentes étapes de ce procédé de fabrication ont été validées depuis la synthèse de la préforme jusqu’à l’étirage de la fibre optique. Les tests optiques effectués sur la fibre optique ont révélé d’excellentes performances, avec une faible atténuation de 0.1 dB/m et une efficacité de conversion optique- optique très prometteuse de 76 %. L’évaluation de cette fibre face au phénomène de photo- noircissement a révélé une résistance exceptionnelle. Aucune décroissance en puissance n’a pu être constatée au cours des expériences effectuées sur plus de 100 h
The work presented in this manuscript is part of a PhD thesis carried out by CIFRE in collabora-tion between the laboratory of Xlim and the technological center of optics and lasers "ALPhA-NOV". The main objective of this thesis is to design ytterbium doped preforms that are resistant to the photodarkening (PD) phenomenon for use in high power laser applications.This phenomenon degrades laser performance and leads to reduced output. Two main areas are focused in this thesis. The first is the definition of the core composition and the appropriate synthesis method for the production of preform cores which are resistant to photodarkening (PD). The second is to develop, characterize and evaluate the optical performance of the resulting fiber. The matrix that has been chosen for the study is the alumino-phosphosilicate matrix. To obtain this matrix, a synthesis method called "powder in suspension" was used.From the synthesis of the preform to the drawing of the optical fiber, the different stages of the process have been validated. Excellent performance, with low attenuation of 0.1 dB/m and a very promising optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 76%, was obtained from the optical tests performed on the fiber. The evaluation of the fiber against photodarkening showed an exceptional resistance. No performance degradation was observed over 100 hours

9

Azimi, Mandana. "EVALUATION OF THE REGIONAL DRUG DEPOSITION OF NASAL DELIVERY DEVICES USING IN VITRO REALISTIC NASAL MODELS". VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4780.

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The overall objectives of this research project were i) to develop and evaluate methods of characterizing nasal spray products using realistic nasal airway models as more clinically relevant in vitro tools and ii) to develop and evaluate a novel high-efficiency antibiotic nanoparticle dry powder formulation and delivery device. Two physically realistic nasal airway models were used to assess the effects of patient-use experimental conditions, nasal airway geometry and formulation / device properties on the delivery efficiency of nasal spray products. There was a large variability in drug delivery to the middle passages ranging from 17 – 57 % and 47 – 77 % with respect to patient use conditions for the two nasal airway geometries. The patient use variables of nasal spray position, head angle and nasal inhalation timing with respect to spray actuation were found to be significant in determining nasal valve penetration and middle passage deposition of Nasonex®. The developed test methods were able to reproducibly generate similar nasal deposition profiles for nasal spray products with similar plume and droplet characteristics. Differences in spray plume geometry (smaller plume diameter resulted in higher middle passage drug delivery) were observed to have more influence on regional nasal drug deposition than changes to droplet size for mometasone furoate formulations in the realistic airway models. Ciprofloxacin nanoparticles with a mean (SD) volume diameter of 120 (10) nm suitable for penetration through mucus and biofilm layers were prepared using sonocrystallization technique. These ciprofloxacin nanoparticles were then spray dried in a PVP K30 matrix to form nanocomposite particles with a mean (SD) volume diameter of 5.6 (0.1) µm. High efficiency targeted delivery of the nanocomposite nasal powder formulation was achieved using a modified low flow VCU DPI in combination with a novel breathing maneuver; delivering 73 % of the delivered dose to the middle passages. A modified version of the nasal airway model accommodating Transwell® inserts and a Calu-3 monolayer was developed to allow realistic deposition and evaluation of the nasal powder. The nanocomposite formulation was observed to demonstrate improved dissolution and transepithelial transport (flux = 725 ng/h/cm2) compared to unprocessed ciprofloxacin powder (flux = 321 ng/h/cm2).

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Mortazavi, Ramin. "Simulation of fine powder suspensions". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/MQ53593.pdf.

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Stocky, Robin. "Etude du traitement de poudres et influence des caractéristiques obtenues sur la transparence de céramiques du type spinelle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0015.

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Ce travail d’élaboration de céramique transparente pour la protection balistique s’inscrit dansun contexte d’allégement de structure et d’amélioration des propriétés optiques et mécaniques.Le remplacement de la face avant en verre par une céramique polycristalline, telle que lespinelle MgAl2O4 permet d’optimiser considérablement les performances balistiques, touten diminuant la masse et le volume de la protection. Le principal objectif de ce travail a étél’obtention d’une céramique transparente type spinelle avec une microstructure à grains finspermettant d’obtenir de bonnes propriétés mécaniques et balistiques. Afin de contrôler lamicrostructure de la céramique, il est nécessaire d’adopter des conditions de frittage douces,c’est pourquoi l’utilisation d’une poudre très fine et réactive a été envisagée. Mais l’utilisationd’une telle poudre soulève souvent des problèmes de mise en forme et de frittage homogène,qui sont un frein à la transparence de la céramique. Cette étude s’est tout d’abord focaliséesur la poudre de spinelle en comparant quatre poudres de spinelle commerciales. Cette partiea permis de mettre en avant les particularités rhéologiques ou morphologiques nécessaires àla mise en forme des céramiques, influençant ainsi le frittage et donc la transparence finale,comme par exemple le réarrangement granulaire, la surface spécifique ou la perméabilité. Unefois la poudre de spinelle choisie, une étude de traitement a été menée sur cette dernièreen exploitant son agglomération afin d’obtenir une céramique transparente dans le visibleavec une microstructure fine. Le challenge a été d’optimiser sa mise en forme par différentstraitements et son frittage. Cette étude s’est soldée par l’obtention de céramique transparenteà fine microstructure (taille de grain de 4-5_m) et avec une transmission en ligne de 71%à 650nm, grâce à l’utilisation d’un spray dryer et d’un additif PEG. Une autre étude s’estconcentrée sur la possibilité de renforcer ce spinelle transparent par l’ajout de matériau dedifférentes natures (nanodiamant, alumine, zircone). L’objectif a été d’améliorer les propriétésmécaniques du spinelle, tout en gardant intactes ses propriétés optiques. L’ajout de phasesecondaire en tant que renfort soulève de nombreuses difficultés de par leurs tailles, l’indicede réfraction différent du spinelle et les éventuelles réactions qui peuvent se produire lors dufrittage. Une dernière étude a été menée sur la mise en forme de forme complexe, permettantainsi d’autres applications du spinelle en tant que protection. La voie classique par pressageuniaxial s’étant avéré peu concluante, une mise en forme par voie liquide s’est montrée êtreune solution envisageable. Elle a nécessité une étude complète de la mise en suspension duspinelle et son comportement lors de sa mise en forme. Chacune des études s’est appuyée surla morphologie de la poudre et son évolution lors de la mise en forme et le frittage, par lebiais d’études microstructurales et rhéologiques ainsi que l’évaluation des propriétés optiqueset mécaniques
This work aims to elaborate the benefits of transparent ceramics in ballistic protection systemswhich are employed by the military in their vehicles. The main focus lies on improving bothoptical and mechanical properties as well as reducing the weight of the system as a whole.Substituting the standard multilayered front glass panel with a polycrystalline ceramic, suchas the spinel MgAl2O4 used in this work, considerably improves its ballistic performance, whilesimultaneously reducing its mass and volume. In order to achieve these improved properties,which most commonly result from a fine-grained microstructure, a very fine grained andreactive powder is used. However, the use of such powders raises additional difficulties inshaping and homogeneous sintering, all of which have a negative effect on the transparency ofthe ceramic. The first focus of this study is the selection of an appropriate powder, carried outby comparison of multiple commercially available powders. This following step highlightedthe rheological and morphological particularities of the examined powders, necessary for theshaping of ceramics, and influencing the sintering and thus the final transparency, such asgranular rearrangement, specific surface area or permeability. Once the spinel powder hadbeen chosen, a processing study was carried out on it, exploiting its agglomeration to obtain avisibility transparent ceramic with a fine microstructure. Since some nanopowders presentedwith difficulties in shaping, further optimization of different treatment methods (use of afreeze dryer, an oven or a spray dryer) in combination with appropriate sintering approacheswere explored. Ultimately, by combining a spray dryer and a PEG additive, the study resultedin the production of a transparent spinel ceramic with a fine microstructure (grain size of4-5 µm) and an in-line transmission of 71% at 650 nm. A parallel study on strengtheningthe transparent spinel by introducing various additives, such as nanodiamond, alumina, andzirconia was also carried out. The primary objective was to improve the mechanical propertiesof the spinel, while keeping its optical properties untouched. The addition of a secondaryphase as reinforcement raised many difficulties, mainly due to the size disparity, differentrefractive index of the spinel and potential unwanted reactions that can occur during sintering.Lastly, the final study focused on complex shaping of spinel ceramics for ballistic protection.As a prerequisite, a complete examination of the spinel’s suspension and its behaviour duringshaping had to be performed. The new findings validated liquid shaping as a viable solutionto achieve transparent 3D profiles, while the classic uniaxial pressing route did not yield anyconclusive results. Each of the studies was based on the morphology of the powder and itsevolution during shaping and sintering. The results were obtained through microstructuraland rheological studies as well as the evaluation of optical and mechanical properties

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Quartaroli, Matheus Mikael. "Análise dinâmica de um sistema de atuação eletromecânica em mecanismo de suspensão mecânica para isolamento de vibrações". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153314.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Esse trabalho buscou investigar os comportamentos dinâmicos de uma suspensão eletromecânica. Para a configuração dessa suspensão substitui-se o amortecedor viscoso convencional por um amortecedor do tipo eletromecânico. O amortecedor eletromecânico é formado por um transdutor de imã permanente e bobina móvel, no qual se acopla ao sistema mecânico com o eletromagnético. Nos terminais da bobina é introduzido um circuito elétrico RLC ligados em série. Para modelagem e a obtenção das equações dinâmica que descrevem seu movimento utilizou-se o método de Lagrange, que utiliza expressões de energia. Os modelos abordam absorvedores utilizados na indústria automobilística. No trabalho, primeiramente foi investigado a capacidade dos parâmetros elétricos no comportamento do sistema, e verificou-se a influência que a resistência elétrica e a capacitância tem em relação ao deslocamento da massa suspensa de um veículo. Foi realizada, através da função transferência, uma análise da quantidade de energia obtida no sistema elétrico para valores diferentes de resistência elétrica e em comparação foi verificado o ganho da massa suspensa para um movimento harmônico sofrido pela base. Por fim, investigou-se as potências geradas no circuito elétrico e o fator de potência para diferentes valores de capacitância. E também apurou a influência da resistência elétrica na produção de potência ativa. Os resultados mostraram a influência dos parâmetros elétricos no comportamento dinâmico do sistema e na geração de potência elétrica, assim através de um controle feito nesses parâmetros pode-se encontrar faixas no qual reduz a transmissibilidade de deslocamento para os ocupantes de um veículo e geram uma alta potência elétrica em que possa ser armazenada e utilizada posteriormente.
This work sought to investigate the dynamic behavior of an electromechanical suspension. For the configuration of this suspension it replaces the conventional viscous damper with a shock absorber of the electromechanical type. The electromechanical damper is formed by a permanent magnet transducer and mobile coil, in which it couples the mechanical system with the electromagnetic. At the terminals of the coil is introduced an RLC electric circuit connected in series. For the modeling and the obtaining of the dynamic equations that describe its movement was uses the Lagrange method, that uses expressions of conservation of energy. The models approach in a simplified way the absorbers used in the automotive industry. In the work, it was first investigated the influence of the electrical parameters on the behavior of the system, it was verifies the power of the electrical resistance and the capacitance have in relation to the displacement of the suspended mass of a vehicle. It was performed, through the transfer function, an analysis of the amount of energy obtained in the electrical system is performed for different values of electrical resistance and in comparison it was verifies the gain of the suspended mass for a harmonic movement suffered by the base. Finally, we investigated the powers generated in the electric circuit and the power factor for different capacitance values. It also determined the influence of electrical resistance on the production of active power. The results showed the influence of the electrical parameters on the dynamic behavior of the system and the generation of electric power, so through a control made in these parameters can be found tracks in which reduces the transmissibility of displacement for the occupants of a vehicle and generate a high electrical power where it can be stored and used later.

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Reinfried, Matthias. "Herstellung und Eigenschaften neuartiger, metallischer Polyederzellstrukturen". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-62031.

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Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die technologischen Schritte für die Herstellung eines geschlossenzelligen metallischen Werkstoffs aus Stahl zu untersuchen. Das Eigenschaftsbild dieses neuartigen zellular aufgebauten Werkstoffs soll umfassend beschrieben und mit bereits existierenden Werkstoffkonzepten verglichen werden. Die Grundidee für die Herstellung einer geschlossenzelligen Struktur bildet die Kombination der Technologie zur Herstellung von metallischen Hohlkugeln und Hohlkugelstrukturen mit dem Herstellungsprozesses für Partikelschäume aus expandierbarem Polystyrol (EPS). Dazu ist es notwendig zunächst Grünkugeln herzustellen, wie bei der Technologie der Hohlkugeln, wobei jedoch ein treibmittelhaltiges EPS zum Einsatz kommt, das mit einer Beschichtung aus Metallpulver und Binder versehen wird. Anschließend sollen die Grünkugeln in einer geschlossenen Form zum expandieren gebracht werden. Dazu wird, wie bei der Partikelschaumtechnologie für Teile aus expandierbarem Polystyrol (EPS), Wasserdampf verwendet. Der durch den Temperaturanstieg und das Treibmittel der EPS-Partikel in den Grünkugeln entstehende Innendruck führt zum Aufschäumen und zur Expansion jeder Grünkugel. In der Folge ändert jede Kugel ihre Form so lange, bis sie mit allen Nachbarn einen flächigen, stabilen Kontakt bildet. Der auf diesem Weg erzeugte Grünkörper kann dann entformt und getrocknet werden. Wie bei der Hohlkugeltechnologie muss nachträglich das EPS durch die thermische Entbinderung entfernt und das Metallpulverskelett zu dichten Zellwänden gesintert werden. Für die Umsetzung dieser Idee ist es erforderlich, ein geeignetes Bindersystem für die Metallpulver-Binder-Beschichtung zu entwickeln, welches die Formänderung während des Schäumprozess unbeschädigt übersteht, sowie den Schäumprozess entsprechend anzupassen. Damit wäre die Möglichkeit gegeben, einen geschlossenzelligen metallischen Werkstoff herzustellen. Er würde die Vorteile einer geschlossenzelligen Struktur und die Materialvielfalt der pulvermetallurgischen Technologie der Hohlkugelherstellung (insbesondere in Bezug auf Stähle und andere höherschmelzende Werkstoffe) miteinander verbinden. In Vorversuchen wurde bereits gezeigt, dass die der Arbeit zugrunde liegenden Ideen realisierbar sind. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wird jedoch erstmals die vollständige Kette der technologischen Schritte hinsichtlich der relevanten Einflussgrößen untersucht, wobei großen Wert auf eine Umsetzbarkeit auch im industriellen Maßstab gelegt wird. Für den praktischen Einsatz des geschlossenzelligen Metallschaums sind seine mechanischen Kennwerte, sowie die sie beeinflussenden Herstellungsparameter von grundlegender Bedeutung. Dazu soll die Charakterisierung der zellularen Struktur und des Gefüges des Zellwandmaterials erfolgen. Hauptsächlich soll das Verformungsverhalten mit Hilfe von Druckversuchen untersucht werden. Die Festigkeitskennwerte, das Energieabsorptionsvermögen und die Steifigkeit des zellularen Werkstoffes sind weitere zu untersuchende Kenngrößen. Anhand der Ergebnisse wird eine Einordnung gegenüber dem Stand der Technik der Metallschäume vorgenommen.

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Williams, Richard Andrew. "Electrochemical behaviour of ferrosilicon suspensions". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47302.

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Barg, Suelen [Verfasser]. "Cellular Ceramics via Alkane Phase Emulsified Powder Suspensions / Suelen Barg". Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1081886919/34.

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Jomha, A. I. "The power requirements for mixing concentrated solid/liquid suspensions". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376348.

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Clarenc, Nathalie. "La suspension des engagements internationaux". Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020057.

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Il s’agit d’une étude de droit des actes juridiques internationaux (engagements conventionnels et unilatéraux), portant sur un mécanisme largement utilisé dans la pratique conventionnelle mais très peu étudié en doctrine, celui de la suspension, distingué des mécanismes, plus radicaux mais finalement moins intéressants peut-être, d’extinction des engagements. Pour la première fois, est proposée une définition de la suspension, préalablement distinguée des notions voisines avec lesquelles elle a souvent été confondue (dispense, exception d’inexécution, force majeure, contre-mesures, réserve, etc… et surtout, dénonciation et retrait). La définition proposée fait état des caractéristiques de la suspension telle qu’elle se donne à voir dans les clauses conventionnelles, la pratique diplomatique et la jurisprudence, et prend appui sur la « théorie de l’engagement ». L’étude vise également à clarifier le régime de la suspension, duquel Fitzmaurice disait qu’il soulevait de « graves difficultés de classification et de plan ». L’examen de la pratique révèle en effet que ce régime n’est pas unique mais dual, originalité qui ne manquera pas de frapper la curiosité du lecteur, et dont la mise à jour permet une meilleure compréhension du phénomène de suspension
This study focuses on a mechanism frequently used in legal practice, but, surprisingly, often ignored in international doctrine: suspension. The mechanism of suspension is to be distinguished from more radical, but arguably less interesting mechanisms, such as revocation. Suspension will be analysed within the context of both conventional and unilateral international law commitments. For the first time, a general definition of suspension will be proposed, which sets it apart from the many similar notions with which it has been confused, such as dispense, exception of inexecution, force majeure, countermeasures, reservations, …, and last but not least, denunciation and withdrawal. The proposed definition also aims to identify characteristics that are unique to suspension, as shown in treaty clauses, in diplomatic practice and case law, and as supported by « commitment theory ». The study will also clarify the legal regime of suspension, which, according to Fitzmaurice, involves « serious difficulties of classification and content ». Indeed, a closer look at suspension in practical terms reveals that there are not one, but two legal regimes of suspension. This eye-opening conclusion will not fail to engage the reader’s interest and will contribute to our further understanding of the phenomenon of suspension

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Wright, Derek Thomas. "Magnetic suspension systems, motor/generators and power electronics for flywheel energy storage". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412659.

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A flywheel energy store comprises a motor/generator driving a flywheel where the noload losses are reduced so that half of the stored energy remains available after six hours of coasting. Analysis of the permitted level of losses is followed by discussion of how the losses can be minimised. The merits of induction and permanent magnet machines are compared in terms of their coasting losses. There is discussion of zero-power magnetic bearing systems developed to suspend vertical-axis energy-storage flywheels. With permanent magnet material in the magnetic circuit, an electronic control system can hold the airgap at the otherwise unstable point of equilibrium, where the attractive force due to the magnetic flux exactly balances the weight of the flywheel. Under steady state conditions the power dissipated in the control coil is virtually zero. The torque generation characteristic of an induction machine is explained from first principles. This is followed by an equivalent circuit analysis that is specific to operation at a constant flux level with a variable supply frequency and voltage. The supply voltage for constant flux operation is specified as a function of the rotational speed and the absolute slip frequency. An all-digital, three-phase inverter developed for use with an induction motor gives four-quadrant control of the torque applied to a load. A low cost incremental shaft encoder and straightforward digital logic allows precise and instantaneous generation of absolute slip frequency. A modified PWM switching topology minimises switching losses and maximises the utilisation of the DC link voltage. The inherent speed of the all-hardware design and its precise control of slip frequency, make it ideal for highspeed motors or for drives requiring frequent and rapid reversal. A new design for an ironless stator winding for a permanent magnet motor/generator minimises electromagnetic drag when coasting. The winding meets the predicted reduction in drag torque and provides an extremely pure sine wave output with very low source impedance.

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NETO, RICARDO TEIXEIRA DA COSTA. "GROUND VEHICLES SUSPENSION AND STEERING MECHANISMS MODELING AND INTEGRATION THROUGH POWER FLOW". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12403@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A sub-divisão de um veículo em módulos é muito útil quando se quer estudar o comportamento dinâmico de um determinado subsistema e sua influência nos demais componentes. Em alguns casos, devido ao tipo de tratamento empregado para descrever os elementos, não se consegue perceber de que modo as variáveis inerentes a um subsistema interagem com as demais, e, por conseguinte, os subsistemas entre si. A abordagem modular baseada no fluxo de potência permite uma melhor identificação das relações de causa e efeito entre subsistemas, uma vez que se pode definir, de forma clara e consistente, quem são as variáveis de entrada e de saída de cada componente ou módulo, e, conseqüentemente, seus acoplamentos. Neste tipo de tratamento, aplicado aos sistemas mecânicos, uma vez estabelecida a cinemática de um subsistema, podese obter as relações entre os esforços que seus componentes produzem uns sobre os outros, a partir da caracterização da potência transmitida através dos seus diversos elementos. Este trabalho apresenta um procedimento semi-analítico de equacionamento modular aplicado à modelagem e integração dos sistemas de suspensão e direção de veículos terrestres, no qual as variáveis de entrada e saída indicam o fluxo de potência entre os elementos de todo o sistema. Tal abordagem tem como base a técnica dos Grafos de Ligação, empregada em sistemas multidomínio em geral, e usa alguns conceitos da metodologia dos Transformadores Cinemáticos, normalmente aplicada aos sistemas multicorpos. A partir da definição da geometria dos mecanismos em questão, encontram-se as matrizes que representam os vínculos cinemáticos entre seus elementos, das quais o funcionamento dos sistemas integrados pode ser simulado e analisado, e informações necessárias aos seus projetos determinadas. As equações (malhas) algébricas que existem em mecanismos com estrutura cinemática fechada são analiticamente resolvidas, evitando deste modo modelos matemáticos com equações diferenciais e algébricas simultâneas. Das relações cinemáticas, o modelo dinâmico (matrizes de inércia, rigidez e amortecimento, etc) é obtido, e novamente informações essenciais à análise e síntese dos sistemas podem ser determinadas. O comportamento no tempo desses modelos pode ser encontrado por um método de integração de equações diferenciais qualquer. Adota-se o Simulink/MatLab® para representar o modelo assim desenvolvido em diagrama de blocos, e conseqüentemente simulá-lo. Através deste tratamento, cada bloco da implementaçao em Simulink/MatLab® contém o correspondente modelo analítico de um único módulo, cujo estabelecimento depende das características dinâmicas do sistema que se deseja analisar. A vantagem de adotar tal representação, baseada no fluxo de potência, consiste no fato de que um módulo pode ser substituído por outro, descritivo de um elemento ou subsistema com a mesma função, porém com configuração física distinta, e, conseqüentemente, modelo matemático específico, sem qualquer alteração nos demais componentes do sistema. Este procedimento está sendo adotado para modelagem dos diversos sistemas veiculares, como os de suspensão, direção, transmissão e freios, e também os pneus, inseridos em um chassi, incluindo os graus de liberdade desejados do veículo, todos descritos de forma modular semi- analítica através da mesma abordagem, empregando a técnica de modelagem mais apropriada para representá-los.
The sub-division of a vehicle in modules is very useful when we want to study the dynamical behavior of a certain sub-system and its influence in other components. In some cases, due to the type of treatment employed to describe the dynamic behavior of the elements, we don`t get to notice the way that inherent variables in a sub-system interacts with the others, and, consequently, the subsystems amongst themselves. The modular approach based on the power flow allows a better identification of the causal relationships among sub-systems, once it can define, in clear and consistent way, what are the input and output variables of each component or module, and, consequently, their couplings. In this type of treatment applied to the mechanical systems, once established the kinematics of a sub-system, it can be obtained the relationships among the efforts that their components produce on the other ones, from the characterization of the power transmitted through their several elements. This paper presents a semi-analytical procedure of modular modeling applied to the suspension and steering systems of a ground vehicle, in which the input and output variables indicate the power flow among the elements of the whole system. Such approach has as base the Bond Graphs technique, used in multidomain systems in general, and uses some concepts of the Kinematic Transformers methodology, usually applied to the multibody systems. From the mechanisms geometry, the matrices that represent the kinematics links between its elements are found, the operation of the integrated systems can be simulated and analyzed, and information about its design can be obtained. The algebraic loops (equations) inherent to mechanisms with closed kinematic structure are solved analytically, and there is not a mathematical model with simultaneous algebraic and differential equations. From the kinematic relations, the dynamic model (inertial, stiffness and damping matrices) is obtained, and again essential information to the systems analysis and synthesis can be determined. The models time behavior can be found by any differential equations integration method. The Simulink/Matlab is adopted to represent the model developed by block diagrams, and consequently to simulate it. Through this treatment, each block in the Simulink/Matlab implementation contains the correspondent analytical model of a single module, whose establishment depends on the dynamic characteristics of the system to be analyzed. The advantage of adopting such representation, based on the power flow, consists in the fact that a module can be substituted for other, descriptive of an element or sub-system with the same function, however with different physical configuration, and, consequently, specific mathematical model, without any alteration in the other components of the system. This procedure is being adopted for modeling all vehicular systems, like the suspension, steering, transmission and brakes systems, and also the tires, inserted in the chassis, including the desired degrees of freedom of the vehicle, all described in a semi- analytical modular way by the same approach, using the most appropriate modeling technique to represent them.

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Wang, Yingzhe. "The Characterization of Dry Powder Magnesium Hydroxide Suspensions Using Sedimentation, Thermal Analysis and Other Techniques". University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1322075364.

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Gulsun, Kilic Mehtap. "A Parametric Comparative Study Of Electrocoagulation And Coagulation Of Aqueous Suspensions Of Kaolinite And Quartz Powders". Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611458/index.pdf.

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Mineral treatment processes generally produce wastewaters containing ultrafine and colloidal particles that cause pollution upon their discharge into environment. It is essential that they should be removed from the wastewater before discharge. This study was undertaken by using synthetic turbid systems containing kaolinite and quartz particles in water with the amount of 0.20 g/L and 0.32 g/L, respectively. Removal of the turbidity was tried in two ways
electrocoagulation with aluminum anode and conventional coagulation with aluminum sulfate. Several key parameters affecting the efficiency of electrocoagulation and coagulation were investigated with laboratory scale experiments in search of optimal parameter values. Optimal values of the parameters were determined on the basis of the efficiency of turbidity removal from ultrafine suspensions. The parameters investigated in the study were suspension pH, electrical potential, current density, electrocoagulation time, and aluminum dosage. This study was also performed to compare electrocoagulation and conventional coagulation regarding the pH ranges under investigation and coagulant dosages applied. A comparison between electrocoagulation and coagulation was made on the basis of total dissolved aluminum, revealing that electrocoagulation and coagulation were equally effective at the same aluminum dosage for the removal of ultrafine particles from suspensions. Coagulation was more effective in a wider pH range (pH 5-8) than electrocoagulation, which yielded optimum effectiveness in a relatively narrower pH range around 9. In both methods, these pH values corresponded to near-zero zeta potentials of coagulated kaolinite and quartz particles. The mechanism for both coagulation methods was aggregation through charge neutralization and/or enmeshment in aluminum hydroxide precipitates. Furthermore, the experimental results confirmed that electrocoagulation could display some pH buffering capacity. The kinetics of electrocoagulation was very fast (<
10 min) in approaching a residual turbidity, which could be modeled with a second-order rate equation.

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Bozier, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude des caractéristiques de combustion isochore d'une suspension de particules solides réactives.Génération de la suspension ; influence de l'état initial du mélange". Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133153.

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Les mécanismes de combustion dans des suspensions de fines particules solides dispersées dans un milieu gazeux sont étudiés en cherchant à corréler les caractéristiques d'explosion isochore aux conditions initiales existant dans le mélange au moment de l'allumage.
On étudie, en premier lieu, les mécanismes de génération d'une suspension de particules solides. Un montage spécifique a été réalisé, comprenant une chambre cylindrique transparente de section octogonale et de faible allongement (V=20l, L/D≡2,2). La dispersion des particules s'opère au moyen d'un écoulement turbulent créé par la décharge d'un réservoir auxiliaire. Les expériences ont été effectuées avec des mélanges amidon-air de concentrations inférieures à 400g/m3. Les enregistrements, par imagerie rapide, LDV et PIV, de l'évolution au cours du temps de l'état aérodynamique du milieu et de la répartition des particules dans l'enceinte indiquent que le délai nécessaire pour obtenir un mélange optimal (vitesse et intensité de turbulence minimales, concentration quasi-homogène) est compris entre 500 et 700ms.
On étudie, ensuite, les caractéristiques de combustion isochore de ces suspensions dans une chambre d'explosion de caractéristiques géométriques similaires à celle de l'enceinte précédente pouvant supporter des pressions de 50bar. A la richesse 1, la pression maximale d'explosion est de 5,8bar et la vitesse de combustion de 48cm/s. Ces valeurs diminuent lorsque l'intensité de turbulence initiale décroît.

23

Brötz, Nicolas, Manuel Rexer e Peter F. Pelz. "Fluid dynamic vibration absorber for cabin suspension". Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71227.

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Truck drivers spend all day moving goods. They are exposed to vibrations every time they drive. Modern cabin suspension and an air-suspended seat already offer a high level of comfort. This, however, is designed for vertical dynamics and you can observe the cab of a truck performs large pitching vibrations during acceleration. These are examined here. A pitch model of the cabin is set up for this purpose. On the basis of this model it is examined which reduction of the vibration can be achieved by the use of a hydraulically translated vibration absorber. The advantage of this absorber is the use of the hydraulic transmission to reduce the heavy mass at high absorber inertia. 4 kg of fluid mass act as 131 kg absorber mass reducing vibrations by more than 10%. The conventional vibration absorber is inacceptable due to the additional load. The investigation based on VDI 2057 Part 1 shows that driving comfort can be increased.

24

Tsuboi, Chiaki. "X-ray crystal structure analyses of magnetically oriented microcrystalline suspensions". Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/216190.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19936号
農博第2186号
新制||農||1044(附属図書館)
学位論文||H28||N5009(農学部図書室)
33022
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授木村恒久, 教授西尾嘉之, 教授髙野俊幸
学位規則第4条第1項該当

25

Laarz, Eric. "Colloidal Processing of Non-Oxide Ceramic Powders in Aqueous Medium". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3043.

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26

Marschall, Christoph [Verfasser], e Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Frieß. "Powder suspensions in non-aqueous vehicles for delivery of therapeutic proteins / Christoph Marschall ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Frieß". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1225682525/34.

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27

Park, Hyunjin. "Spheroidized nano [alpha]-tricalcium phosphate powders using Suspension Induction Plasma Synthesis (SIPS) for bone cement applications". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1405.

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In this thesis, Suspension Induction Plasma Synthesis (SIPS) has been studied to produce spherical and nano alpha-tricalcium phosphate ([alpha]-TCP) powders for bone cement applications. Previously, [alpha]-TCP powders were only produced by high-temperature solid/solid reaction in conventional oven. SIPS synthesis is based on the allotropy of tricalcium phosphate (TCP): a suspension of the low-temperature phase, [bêta]-TCP, is atomized in an induction plasma to synthesize the alpha high-temperature phase, [alpha]-TCP. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the effects of suspension and plasma conditions on the plasma-synthesized powder (composition and morphology). To achieve this aim, an experimental plan was realized to study the influence of several parameters. Suspension concentration, feed rate and composition were selected for the suspension conditions. Plate power, chamber pressure and probe position were selected for the plasma conditions. Generally, filter powder has higher percentage of spheroidized [alpha]-TCP than reactor powder and all SIPS parameters have effect on the final product. It was found that low suspension concentration (40 wt% of [bêta]-TCP), feed rate (5 ml/min), suspension composition (H[subscript 2]O), low plate power (24 kW), low chamber pressure (150 Torr) and low probe position (20 mm lower) produced a high percentage of spheroidized [alpha]-TCP. Specially, in the plasma condition, there is a correlation between high plate power, high chamber pressure and probe position. Indeed, high plate power and high chamber pressure produced high percentage of [alpha]-TCP, when the probe position was 20 mm lower. This thesis is the first investigation to study SIPS as a way to produce spherical and nano-scale [alpha]-tricalcium phosphate powders. These features will benefit the bone cements concerning their injectability and their mechanical properties.

28

Wang, Gonghou. "Ionic stability of oxide particles in polar organic media /". *McMaster only, 1998.

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29

Chiang, Mao-Hsiung, Yung-Ching Sung e Han-Hsiang Liu. "A Study on Integration of Energy Harvesting System and Semi-Active Control for a Hydraulic Suspension System". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-199913.

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Suspension systems are used to diminish the vibration of vehicles. The hydraulic dampers in conventional suspension systems are mainly designed with the orifices of the piston; however, the vibration energy will be transferred into waste heat. In recent years, conventional vehicles with internal combustion engines and hybrid vehicles are used commonly. However, with the gradual depletion of fossil fuels, electric vehicles are developing. For this reason, the research focuses on recycling energy from the suspension of vehicles to improve the vehicle’s endurance. The purpose of this study is to develop a semi-active suspension control system with an energy harvesting system. Instead of the fixed orifices in conventional vehicles, an adjusting damping force method with variable resistance circuits system is studied for the semi-active suspension control system. Thus, we are able to develop semi-active control to improve the riding comfort. The energy harvesting system contains a hydraulic gear motor and a DC generator. When vehicles vibrate, the hydraulic damper serves as a hydraulic pump to compress the oil and drive the hydraulic motor. At the same time, the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity which will be stored in a battery. In this study, the test rig is the quarter-car system. We first design the novel hydraulic suspension system combining with the energy harvesting system. The simulation of dynamic mathematical model will be performed and analyzed by MATLAB/Simulink. Besides that, the semiactive control by the fuzzy sliding mode controller will be realized in the hydraulic suspension system with energy harvesting system. Finally, a test rig is set up for practical experimental implementation and verification.

30

Bauer, Wolfgang. "Hydropneumatic all-wheel suspensions: applications, challenges and special solutions". Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71226.

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All-wheel suspensions are generally challenging, particularly if they are equipped with an automatic level control. In mobile machines, the special application conditions make their use even more demanding regarding layout and control. A high center of gravity, load variations, off-road-conditions etc. require special measures to reduce roll and pitch movements. Additionally the uneven ground along with the mechanical suspension setup often create a need to measure and optimize tyre-to-ground forces in order to provide best traction and suspension properties. Hydropneumatic suspensions have all the potential to meet all these requirements and provide a comfortable, safe and efficient suspension setup.

31

Duke, M. D. "Investigation into low power active elements in vehicle suspensions, with particular reference to tractor seats". Thesis, London South Bank University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618646.

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Benoit, Hadrien. "Récepteur solaire tubulaire à suspension dense de particules en écoulement ascendant". Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0045/document.

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Cette thèse, financée dans le cadre du projet européen CSP2, porte sur l'étude d'un nouveau type de récepteur solaire thermique à concentration utilisant comme fluide caloporteur une suspension dense de fines particules en circulation ascendante dans des tubes verticaux. Ladite suspension est obtenue par fluidisation de particules de classe A. Le principe consiste à créer un écoulement ascendant de la suspension dans un tube vertical exposé au rayonnement solaire concentré qui chauffe la paroi du tube, qui transmet ensuite cette chaleur aux particules, qui la transportent jusqu'à un cycle de conversion d'énergie pour la production d'électricité. Au contraire des fluides solaires classiques, les particules peuvent atteindre les hautes températures (> 700 °C) permettant l'utilisation de cycles à haut rendement de conversion (Brayton, cycles combinés), tout en permettant un stockage direct de la pour une production continue. Au cours de la thèse, un récepteur à un tube a été testé avec succès au grand four solaire du laboratoire PROMES-CNRS à Odeillo, les particules en sortie atteignant 750 °C, ce qui a prouvé la faisabilité du concept et permis la détermination des premières valeurs de coefficient d'échange de chaleur tube-suspension. L'hydrodynamique de l'écoulement et les mécanismes d'échange de chaleur ont été observés grâce à des simulations numériques 3D. Un récepteur de 150 kWth à 16 tubes a ensuite été testé et modélisé, validant l'utilisation du procédé à plus grande échelle
This thesis, financed in the frame of the CSP2 European project, concerns the study of a new kind of thermal concentrating solar receiver using a dense suspension of solid particles circulating upward in vertical tubes. The suspension is obtained by fluidizing Geldart A-type particles. The principle consists in creating an upward flow of the suspension in a vertical tube exposed to the concentrated solar radiation that heats the tube wall. The heat is then transmitted to the particles circulating inside that transport it to a conversion cycle for electricity production. Contrarily to usual solar heat transfer fluids, particles can reach high temperatures (> 700 °C) that permit to power high efficiency thermodynamic cycles such as Brayton or combined cycles. Moreover they can be used as a direct heat storage medium for continuous electricity production. During this thesis, a one-tube solar receiver was successfully tested at the PROMES-CNRS solar furnace in Odeillo, with particle outlet temperatures of 750 °C reached. The first values of wall-to-suspension heat transfer coefficient were calculated and a Nusselt correlation was determined. A specific flow pattern with a particle downward flux close to the wall and upward flux in the tube center was underlined. The flow hydrodynamics and the heat transfer mechanisms were studied thanks to 3D numerical simulations. A 16-tube 150 kWth receiver was finally tested and modeled, proving the process applicability at larger scale

33

Lomello, Fernando. "Optimization of nanostructured oxide-based powders by surface modification". Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0028/these.pdf.

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This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the study of surface modification of a transition alumina nanopowder and the second part is devoted to the production and mechanical characterization at room- and high-temperature of Alumina 5 vol. % YAG nanocomposites. In order to study, the effect of the dispersion on a transition alumina several physico-chemical characterization techniques were employed such as the DTA-TG analysis, XRD, BET Specific Surface Area, HR-TEM and the FT-IR spectroscopy. In particular, the transition aluminas present metastable phases which suffer transformations during sintering and induce the formation of a vermicular microstructure, consisting of a network of large pores. As a consequence, the final density and the microstructure have been improved thanks to the dispersion which allowed to achieved higher densities and promotes the transformation into alpha-phase. Moreover , the influence of the dispersion on the transformation kinetics (Kissinger Method), as well as, on the sintering kinetics (SID Method) has been evaluated. In the second part, it is presented the development of Alumina/YAG nanocomposites from two commercial nanopowders naturally sintered and sintered by non-conventional methods, such as HP and SPS. The mechanical characterization at room temperature (Hardness, Toughness, Elastic modulus) has been correlated to a microstructural study (ESEM). Interesting values regarding hardness and toughness have been measured in samples sintering by SPS and HP, around 20GPA and 7 MPA. M1/2, respectively. For the characterization at the high temperature, creep tests were carried in a 4-point bending fixture at 1200°C and an applied stress of 100 Mpa. The results show that mechenical properties depend on the second phase distribution into the alumina matrix. In all cases, the obtains results were interesting

34

Rexer, Manuel, Nicolas Brötz e Peter F. Pelz. "Much does not help much: 3D pareto front of safety, comfort and energy consumption for an active pneumatic suspension strut". Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71215.

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With regard to autonomous driving the demands on comfort are increasing. This makes it attractive to use active suspension systems. The system developed at TU Darmstadt is able to increase driving comfort up to 28 % while maintaining driving safety compared to a passive suspension system. This paper investigates the influence of available energy and power of the active system. The investigation is based on a simulation of a quarter car model and an uneven country road. This paper shows that the more energy the active system has at its disposition, the greater is the range between a comfortable and a sporty chassis. Furthermore the driving comfort can be increased by 28 % with constant driving safety. The average power required for this is 15 W and the maximum power is 300 W.

35

Correll, Eric Owen. "Design of a rapid, continuous, small-scale device for creating dry powders from concentrated suspensions containing active pharmaceutical ingredients". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68832.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, June 2011.
"February 2011." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 14).
Current methods of producing pharmaceutical compounds are large batch processes. The minimum time-to-patient for drug manufacturing is approximately 100 days. Using a continuous manufacturing process, the time-to-patient could be reduced to less than ten days. The scope of this paper encompasses the design of a machine for the desiccation of a mixture of solvent and pharmaceutical compound. The goal of this project was to provide a small-scale, high throughput method of continuous pharmaceutical drug drying for Novartis-MIT Center for Continuous Manufacturing. Specifications included a product flow rate of 100 grams per hour and a final product form of flowable powder. Several machines were built and tested, with the final design being comprised of a convective drum dryer and a modular continuous vacuum dryer.
by Eric Owen Correll.
S.B.

36

Stoquart, Céline. "Performance of aged PAC suspensions in a hybrid membrane process for drinking water production". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209254.

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Les procédés membranaires hybrides (PMH) allient la filtration membranaire basse pression à l’usage du charbon actif en poudre (CAP). Afin de diminuer les coûts opérationnels du procédé, il a été proposé de laisser vieillir le CAP dans le PMH et donc de minimiser le dosage de CAP frais. Peu d’information est disponible quant à la capacité résiduelle d’adsorption de suspensions de CAP âgées. L’importance relative de l’adsorption et de la biodégradation dans les réacteurs à CAP âgés sur le traitement des composés dissous est inconnue, ce qui empêche notamment l’optimisation du procédé.

Le principal objectif de ce projet de recherche est de décrire la performance du contacteur à CAP du PMH pour l’enlèvement de l’azote ammoniacal, du carbone organique dissous (COD), du COD biodégradable (CODB) et des micropolluants. Dans ce projet, l’emphase est placée sur l’opération du PMH avec de hauts temps de rétention de CAP.

La première phase de ce projet a consisté en une série de développements méthodologiques, base nécessaire à l’étude du CAP âgé. Des méthodes permettant la quantification de la biomasse hétérotrophe et nitrifiante colonisant le CAP âgé ont mis en évidence des densités de biomasse similaires à celle du charbon actif en grain en surface de filtre biologiques. L’irradiation aux rayons gamma a été démontrée comme une méthode adéquate pour produire des témoins abiotiques à partir de CAP de 10 et de 60 jours.

La seconde partie de cette étude s’est concentrée sur la démonstration de l’efficacité du PMH pour l’enlèvement de l’azote ammoniacal, du COD, ainsi que d’un mélange de micropolluants. Les cinétiques d’enlèvements ayant lieu au sein de des contacteurs à CAP ont été simulées en laboratoire sous diverses conditions (température, concentration en CAP, âge de CAP, matrice d’eau variable, temps de contact). Deux modèles cinétiques prédisant l’enlèvement de l’azote ammoniacal et du COD dans le PMH ont été développés sur base des simulations en laboratoire suivies sur CAP neuf, colonisé et abiotique.

De manière générale, les travaux réalisés au cours de ce doctorat ont mis en évidence le rôle majeur de l’adsorption résiduelle sur l’enlèvement de la contamination dissoute. Alors que l’enlèvement d’azote ammoniacal a majoritairement eu lieu par nitrification, le COD et les micropollutants sont principalement adsorbés sur le CAP colonisé. Il a aussi été montré que la capacité d’adsorption résiduelle des suspensions de CAP âgées peut agir en tampon, permettant de faire face à une augmentation soudaine de la concentration en azote ammoniacal, en COD ou en micropolluants. Le suivi des cinétiques d’enlèvement a permis de démontrer que la concentration, l’âge de CAP et le temps de rétention hydraulique (TRH) sont trois paramètres clefs pour l’optimisation du procédé. D’un point de vue économique, un TRH inférieur à 15 min est néanmoins désiré pour limiter les coûts du procédé. Par ailleurs, l’intérêt économique associé à l’augmentation de l’âge du CAP peut-être atténué par le besoin d’augmenter la concentration en CAP si l’adsorption est le mécanisme visé. De façon générale, ce projet démontre qu’une optimisation à l’échelle pilote du procédé est nécessaire car les objectifs de traitement, la qualité de l’eau à traiter et le fait que les 3 paramètres d’opération soient inter-reliés complexifient l’optimisation du PMH. Étant donné l’impact du TRH sur le coût du PMH, de futures recherches devraient viser à l’optimisation du mélange.

Hybrid membrane processes (HMPs) couple membrane filtration with powdered activated carbon (PAC). In HMPs, low-pressure membranes ensure an efficient particle removal, including protozoan parasites such as Cryptosporidium, while the PAC contactor is devoted to the removal of dissolved compounds. Such processes are emerging as a promising alternative to conventional treatment chains, which no longer allow the drinking water facilities to comply with increasingly stringent regulations on the treated water quality. To decrease the operating costs associated with virgin PAC consumption, it was suggested to let the PAC age in the PAC contactor of the process. Until now, the potential of using aged PAC in HMPs has been demonstrated for ammonia and DOC removal, but the potential to remove micropollutants remains unknown. It is suggested that the biological activity in aged PAC contactors contributes significantly to the removal of the dissolved compounds. Yet, neither the extent of the biomass on the aged PAC, nor the residual adsorption capacity, was quantified. No study focused on discriminating the mechanisms responsible for the treatment when using aged PAC suspensions. Most of the data published on HMPs using aged PAC were gathered at pilot scale under warm water conditions, yet the efficiency of the process is most likely sensitive to temperature changes. There is currently little information available on the efficiency of HMPs under cold water conditions. This lack of information hinders the optimization of the HMP, leading to sub-optimal usage of aged PAC.

The main objective of this research project is to describe the performance of the PAC contactor of HMPs in removing ammonia, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC) and micropollutants. In particular, emphasis was placed on the operation of the HMP under high PAC residence times. On a more detailed level, the objectives of this project were (1) to develop and compare methods to quantify the biomass developed on aged PAC, (2) to develop a method to produce an abiotic control for aged PAC, (3) to characterize the removal kinetics of ammonia, DOC, BDOC and micropollutants occurring in the carbon contactor of an HMP, (4) to evaluate the impact of water temperature on the performance of the carbon contactor of an HMP, (5) to discriminate the relative importance of adsorption versus biological oxidation as mechanisms responsible for ammonia, DOC and micropollutants removal in the PAC contactor of an HMP, and finally (6) to differentiate the relative importance of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), the PAC age and the PAC concentration as key operating parameters on the optimization of the performance of the PAC contactor of an HMP.

To set the basis on the study of aged PACs, the first part of this research project consisted in methodological developments i) to quantify the heterotrophic and nitrifying biomass colonizing aged PAC, and ii) to create a reliable abiotic control of the colonized PAC, which is required for discriminating the mechanisms occurring on aged PAC. Heterotrophic and nitrifying biomass quantifying methods developed for colonized granular activated carbon (GAC) were successfully adapted to the aged PAC. The preferred methods were the potential 14C-glucose respiration (PGR) rate and the potential nitrifying activity (PNA), as they quantify the active heterotrophic and nitrifying biomass, which is most likely responsible for the depletion of BDOC and ammonia. An alternative method to the PGR, the potential acetate uptake (PAU) rate, was developed to alleviate the logistical and budgetary issues associated with the utilization of radio-labeled glucose. The densities (per gram of dry PAC) of both active heterotrophic and nitrifying biomasses were found comparable to that of the GAC sampled from the surface of a biological GAC filter. The gamma-irradiation was demonstrated as a reliable method to produce abiotic samples from soils, and was therefore chosen to produce abiotic colonized PAC samples in this project. In order to determine the optimized dosage of gamma-rays, increased doses were applied on PAC samples. Heterotrophic plate counts and methylene blue adsorption kinetics were used to determine respectively the lowest gamma ray dose required to inhibit the bacterial activity, and the highest dose that could be applied without affecting the aged PAC adsorption capacity and kinetics. Refractory DOC (RDOC) adsorption kinetics confirmed the accuracy of the dose chosen as the adsorptive behavior of the aged PAC was not affected. PGR rates were decreased 83% at the optimized dose. The gamma-irradiation method was therefore proven efficient and used in the following work phases of this research.

The second part of this study focused on the removal of ammonia, DOC and a mixture of micropollutants. Firstly, the PAC contactor of an HMP was simulated at lab-scale to monitor ammonia removal kinetics. Three PAC concentrations (approximately 1-5-10 g/L) of three PAC ages (0-10-60 days) were tested at two temperatures (7-22°C), in settled water with ambient influent condition (100 µg N–NH4/L) as well as under a simulated peak pollution scenario (1000 µg N–NH4/L). The kinetics evidenced that ammonia flux at pilot scale limited biomass growth (HRT = 67 min). In contrast, PAC colonization was not limited by the available surface and thus, PAC concentration was not a key operating parameter under the colonizing conditions tested (5-10 g/L). Ammonia adsorption was significant onto virgin PAC but the ammonia nitrification was crucial to reach complete ammonia removal at 22°C. When using colonized PAC, the 60-d PAC offered a better resilience to temperature decreases (78% at 7°C) as well as lower operating costs than the 10-d PAC (<10% at 7°C). Significant ammonia adsorption was also evidenced on 60-d PAC suspension, most probably due to PAC and the presence of suspended solids, but not on 10-d PAC. Adsorption and nitrifying activity were superior on 60-d PAC than on 10-d PAC at 7°C. In case of peak pollution, the process was most probably phosphate-limited but a mixed adsorption/nitrification still allowed 50% ammonia removal on 10-d and 60-d PAC at 22°C. A kinetics based model was developed to predict ammonia removals and to determine the relative importance of the adsorption and nitrification on colonized PAC under the conditions tested.

DOC, BDOC and RDOC removals occurring in the PAC contactor of an HMP were also simulated at lab-scale. Similar conditions to that of the ammonia removal kinetics were tested. The initial ammonia concentration remained untouched in the water matrices (settled water and raw water) but the BDOC-to-DOC ratio was altered by pre-ozonation (0 to 1.5 g O3/g C). The 10-d and 60-d abiotic controls were used to discriminate DOC adsorption from biodegradation. DOC biodegradation contributed marginally to DOC removal in the investigated conditions and DOC adsorption was increased at higher temperature. An original model integrating the PAC age distribution was developed to predict DOC removal in aged PAC contactors operated at steady-state. At a mean PAC residence time of 60-d, the younger PAC fraction (25-d and less) was primarily responsible for DOC adsorption (> 80%). This fraction represents 34% of the mass of PAC in the contactor. When using a water matrix with a higher initial DOC concentration (raw water) or a lower affinity for PAC (pre-ozonated settled water), the residual adsorption capacity of that older fraction was proven useful.

Lastly, a mixture of micropollutants (atrazine, deethylatrazine (DEA), linuron, microcystin, caffeine, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac, progesterone and medroxyprogesterone) was spiked at environmentally relevant concentrations (from 130 ng/L to 33 µg/L) in settled water (0 and 0.85 gO3/gC). The micropollutants concentration depletion was monitored over a period of 7h to 48 h on 1 g/L of 0-d, 10-d, 60-d PAC and gamma-irradiated 60-d PAC. Even in presence of NOM, the spiked micropollutants were rapidly adsorbed on aged PAC. No biodegradation was observed. Removals superior to 95% were reached within 5 minutes, and direct competition with NOM did not impact the efficiency of the process when micropollutants were spiked at environmentally relevant concentrations. Therefore, HMPs operated to remove DOC and ammonia can control transient micropollutant pollution and comply with the World health Organization recommendations for atrazine (2 µg/L) and microcystin (1 µg/L). However, the stricter European regulations for atrazine and DEA (0.1 µg/L) could not be met with 10-d and 60-d PAC under the operating conditions tested. Reaching such strict treatment objective would require a specific optimization of the process.

In general, this PhD research evidenced the role of the residual adsorption of aged PAC suspensions for the treatment of dissolved compounds. From the results obtained in this project, the potential of HMPs using aged PAC to remove micropollutants was evidenced. Additional research is however required to validate this potential under varied operating conditions. The modeling work improved the understanding of aged PACs. Finally, this research work provides original information on the optimization of HMPs. The optimization of the operating parameters will vary with the water quality targeted and the quality of the influent water. The PAC concentration, PAC age and HRT are inter-related. Therefore, it is recommended to optimize the operation of HMPs at pilot scale. Seasonal variations should be accounted for. An HRT of at least 15 min is required when the biological activity is mandatory to reach the water quality objectives. Lower HRT might be applied if adsorption is favored. Finally, as the HRT has a strong impact on the total cost of the process (capital and operational expenditure), PAC contactors’ hydraulic should be the point of focus of future research.&
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Bombard, Antonio Jose Faria. "Suspensões magneto-reologicas de pos de ferro carbonilo : um estudo da influencia das propriedades magneticas e do tamanho das paritculas". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249119.

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Orientadores: Pedro Luiz Onofrio Volpe, Maria Regina Alcantara
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Doutorado
Físico-Química
Doutor em Ciências

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RIBEIRO, CHRISTIANE. "Obtenção e caracterização de biocerâmicas porosas à base de fosfatos de cálcio processadas com a utilização de albumina". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11660.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

39

Andersson, Karin M. "Aqueous Processing of WC-Co Powders". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemistry, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3725.

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The object of this work is to obtain a fundamentalunderstanding of the principal issues concerning the handlingof an aqueous WC-Co powder suspension.

The WO3 surface layer on the oxidised tungsten carbidepowder dissolves at pH>3 with the tungsten concentrationincreasing linearly with time. Adding cobalt powder to thetungsten carbide suspension resulted in a significant reductionof the dissolution rate at pH<10. Electrokinetic studiesindicated that the reduced dissolution rate may be related tothe formation of surface complexes; the experiments showed thatCo species in solution adsorb on the oxidised tungsten carbidepowder.

The surface forces of oxidised tungsten and cobalt surfaceswere investigated using the atomic force microscope (AFM)colloidal probe technique. The interactions at various ionicstrengths and pH values are well described by DLVO theory. Theadsorption of cobalt ions to tungsten oxide surfaces resultedin an additional non-DLVO force and a reduced absolute value ofthe surface potential. It was shown that the adsorption ofpoly(ethylene imine) (PEI) to the WO3 surfaces induces anelectrosteric repulsion.

The properties of spray-dried WC-Co granules were related tothe WC primary particle size, and the poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) binder and PEI dispersant content in aqueous WC-Cosuspensions. The granule characterisation includes a new methodfor measuring the density of single granules. The increase inthe fracture strength of granules produced from suspensionsthat were stabilised with PEI was related to a more densepacking of the WC-Co particles.

The AFM was used to study the friction and adhesion ofsingle spray-dried WC-Co granules containing various amounts ofPEG binder. The adhesion and friction force between two singlegranules (intergranular friction) and between a granule and ahard metal substrate (die-wall friction) have been determinedas a function of relative humidity. The granule-wall frictionincreases with binder content and relative humidity, whereasthe granule-granule friction is essentially independent of therelative humidity and substantially lower than the granule-wallfriction at all PEG contents.

Key words:Hard Metal, Cemented Carbide, WC-Co, TungstenCarbide, Cobalt, Oxidation, Dissolution, Surface Complexation,XPS, AFM, Colloidal Probe, Hamaker Constant, Cauchy, WO3,CoOOH, ESCA, Zeta-Potential, Surface Potential, Poly(ethyleneimine), PEI, Suspension, van der Waals, Steric, Spray-Dried,Poly(ethylene glycol), Strength, Density, Friction, Adhesion,Granule, PEG, Pressing, FFM.

40

Гармаш, Д. А. "Проект легкового автомобіля ЗАЗ 1103 з модернізацією передньої підвіски". Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/23183.

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Гармаш, Д. А. Проект легкового автомобіля ЗАЗ 1103 з модернізацією передньої підвіски : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 274 «Автомобільний транспорт» / Д. А. Гармаш ; науковий керівник В. М. Скляр ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка, кафедра автомобільного транспорту та галузевого машинобудування. – Чернігів, 2021. – 74 с.
Проведено аналітичний огляд легкових автомобілів певного класу й модельного ряду автомобілів. Проведено визначення масових показників та параметрів автомобіля та його двигуна. Проведено розрахунок зовнішньої швидкісної характеристики двигуна, силового балансу автомобіля та визначення параметрів трансмісії. Проведено розрахунок показників динамічності автомобіля при рівномірному та не рівномірному русі, метод силового балансу та динамічної характеристики. Проведено розрахунок паливної економічності автомобіля.
An analytical inspection of cars of a certain class and model range of cars was carried out. The determination of mass indicators and parameters of the car and its engine is carried out. The calculation of the external speed characteristics of the engine, the power balance of the car and the definition of transmission parameters. The calculation of the dynamics of the car with uniform and non-uniform motion, the method of force balance and dynamic characteristics. The calculation of fuel efficiency of the car is carried out. The types of car suspensions were considered, the calculation and modernization of the ZAZ 1103 car suspension were performed. During the bachelor's qualification work, calculations and drawings were performed in such programs as "Compass" and "Mathcad".

41

Peters, Simone [Verfasser] [Gutachter], Horst-Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Ludwig, H. F. Reinhard [Gutachter] Trettin e H. J. H. (Jos) [Gutachter] Brouwers. "The Influence of Power Ultrasound on Setting and Strength Development of Cement Suspensions / Simone Peters ; Gutachter: H. F. Reinhard Trettin, H. J. H. (Jos) Brouwers, Simone Peters ; Betreuer: Horst-Michael Ludwig". Weimar : F. A. Finger-Institut für Baustoffkunde, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1125372516/34.

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42

Peters, Simone [Verfasser], Horst-Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Ludwig, Reinhard [Gutachter] Trettin e H. J. H. (Jos) [Gutachter] Brouwers. "The Influence of Power Ultrasound on Setting and Strength Development of Cement Suspensions / Simone Peters ; Gutachter: H. F. Reinhard Trettin, H. J. H. (Jos) Brouwers, Simone Peters ; Betreuer: Horst-Michael Ludwig". Weimar : F. A. Finger-Institut für Baustoffkunde, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20170210-27446.

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43

Peters, Simone [Verfasser], Horst-Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Ludwig, H. F. Reinhard [Gutachter] Trettin e H. J. H. (Jos) [Gutachter] Brouwers. "The Influence of Power Ultrasound on Setting and Strength Development of Cement Suspensions / Simone Peters ; Gutachter: H. F. Reinhard Trettin, H. J. H. (Jos) Brouwers, Simone Peters ; Betreuer: Horst-Michael Ludwig". Weimar : F. A. Finger-Institut für Baustoffkunde, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1125372516/34.

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44

Нехай, Я. В. "Проект легкового автомобіля з розрахунком підвіски". Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/23187.

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Нехай, Я. В. Проект легкового автомобіля з розрахунком підвіски випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 274 «Автомобільний транспорт / Я. В. Нехай ; керівник роботи В. М. Скляр ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра автомобільного транспорту та галузевого машинобудування. – Чернігів, 2021. – 70 с.
Проведено аналітичний огляд легкових автомобілів схожих за парамерами та компонувальною схемою. Проведено визначення масових показників та параметрів автомобіля та двигуна. Проведено розрахунок зовнішньої швидкісної характеристики двигуна, силового балансу автомобіля та визначення параметрів трансмісії. Проведено розрахунок тягово-динамічних характеристик. Проведено розрахунок гальмівних властивостей і паливної економічності автомобіля. Розглянули види підвісок автомобілів, проаналізували підвіску автомобіля Ford F-150, виконали розрахунок підвіски. При виконанні кваліфікаційної роботи бакалавра, розрахунки та креслення виконували в таких програмах, як: “Компас 3D” та “Mathcad”.
An analytical review of cars similar in parameters and layout was conducted. The mass indicators and parameters of the car and the engine were determined. The calculation of the external speed characteristics of the engine, the power balance of the car and the definition of transmission parameters. The calculation of traction-dynamic characteristics is carried out. The calculation of braking properties and fuel efficiency of the car is carried out. Considered the types of car suspensions, analyzed the suspension of the car Ford F-150, performed the calculation of the suspension. When performing the bachelor's qualification work, calculations and drawings were performed in such programs as: "Compass 3D" and "Mathcad".

45

N'Cho, Janvier Sylvestre. "Développement de nouvelles méthodes de diagnostic et de régénération des huiles pour transformateurs de puissance". Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDL0004/document.

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L’indisponibilité d’un transformateur de puissance a de fortes répercussions financières aussi bien pour les exploitants de réseaux d’énergie électriques que pour les clients qui y sont connectés. Afin de prévenir les pannes et d’optimiser la performance de ces équipements d’importance stratégique, de nombreuses techniques et outils de diagnostic ont été développés. L’huile contient environ 70 % des informations de diagnostic sur l’état des transformateurs. Le défi consiste à y accéder et à les utiliser efficacement. L’atteinte d’un tel objectif passe nécessairement par des techniques de diagnostic fiables. En plus des techniques traditionnellement utilisées, trois nouvelles techniques de diagnostic issues des normes ASTM sont utilisées : (1) le test de stabilité qui permet de simuler le comportement sous champ électrique d’une huile en fournissant des informations sur la qualité de celle-ci ; (2) la spectrophotométrie UV/Visible qui permet de mesurer la quantité relative de produits de décomposition dissous dans l’huile ; et (3) la turbidité qui mesure la pureté d’une huile neuve ou usagée. Une méthode quantitative permettant de déterminer les paramètres affectant la formation du soufre corrosif sur les conducteurs en cuivre dans les transformateurs de puissance est proposée. Il est montré entre autres que la tendance au gazage des esters naturels est plus faible que celle de tous les autres types d’huile (minérales, esters synthétiques, silicone). La turbidité et la spectrophotométrie UV/Visible permettent de quantifier efficacement les contaminants qui résultent de l’action d’une décharge électrique sur l’huile isolante. Un nombre important de cycles de régénération (au moins 15) est nécessaire pour qu’une huile vieillie en service retrouve les aptitudes d’une huile neuve. Une nouvelle technique de régénération est présentée pour réduire le nombre de cycles de régénération ; celle-ci consiste à utiliser la terre à foulon traitée avec de l’azote. Il est montré également que le temps constitue le paramètre le plus nuisible dans la formation de soufre corrosif. L’action combinée du temps et de l’agressivité de l’oxygène dissous l’accélère fortement
A power transformer outage has a dramatic financial consequence not only for electric power systems utilities but also for interconnected customers. In order to prevent any failure and to optimize their maintenance, various diagnostic techniques and tools have been developed. Insulating oil contains about 70% of diagnostic information on the transformer condition. The challenge is to access and use them efficiently. To meet this objective reliable diagnostic techniques are required. In addition to traditional testing methods, three recently developed ASTM testing techniques were used: (1) oil stability testing that simulates the behaviour of oil under electrical stress by providing information on its quality; (2) the UV/Visspectrophotometry that measures the amount of the relative dissolved decay products in insulating oil; and (3) the turbidity that measures the purity of virgin and aged oil. A quantitative laboratory technique capable of determining the parameters affecting the formation of corrosive sulphur deposition on copper conductors in power transformer is proposed. It is shown among other that the gassing tendency of natural esters is lower than that of the other types of insulating fluids (mineral oil, synthetics esters and silicone oil). The turbidity and UV/Vis spectrophotometry allow quantifying effectively, the relative amount of contaminants resulting from electrical discharge in oils. A large number of reclamation cycles (around 15 passes) are required for in-service aged oil to regenerate to the level of new oil. Anew technique enabling reducing the number of reclamation cycles is proposed; this latter consists in the use of Fuller’s Earth previously treated with dry nitrogen. It is also shown that time is the most influential parameter in the formation of corrosive sulfur. The process is accelerated when time and aggressiveness of oxygen are partnered

46

Boes, Christoph. "Active automatic chassis actuation for an excavator". Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71224.

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This paper shows an electrohydraulic control system to stabilize the chassis of a mobile machine driving across an off-road ground profile. The active hydraulic suspension system is based on new electronics, SW- and control architectures and the use of state of the art industrial components. The paper shows, that the static and dynamic performance of the system is dominated by the servo valve, which represents the central component of the system.

47

Вергелюк, О. О. "Проєкт легкового автомобіля Opel Campo з розрахунком підвіски". Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/23199.

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Вергелюк, О. О. Проєкт легкового автомобіля Opel Campo з розрахунком підвіски : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 274 «Автомобільний транспорт» / О. О. Вергелюк ; керівник роботи В. І. Венжега ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра автомобільного транспорту та галузевого машинобудування. – Чернігів, 2021. – 69 с.
Проведено аналітичний огляд трьох легкових автомобілів схожих за параметрами та компонувальною схемою. Проведено визначення масових показників та параметрів автомобіля та двигуна. Проведено розрахунок зовнішньої швидкісної характеристики двигуна, силового балансу автомобіля та визначення параметрів трансмісії. Проведено розрахунок тягово-динамічних характеристик. Проведено розрахунок гальмівних властивостей і паливної економічності автомобіля. Розглянули види підвісок автомобілів, проаналізували підвіску автомобіля Opel Campo, виконали розрахунок підвіски. При виконанні кваліфікаційної роботи бакалавра, розрахунки та креслення виконували в таких програмах, як: “Компас 3D” та “Mathcad”.
An analytical inspection of three cars with similar parameters and layout was carried out. The mass indicators and parameters of the car and the engine were determined. The calculation of the external speed characteristics of the engine, the power balance of the car and the definition of transmission parameters. The calculation of traction-dynamic characteristics is carried out. The braking properties and fuel efficiency of the car are calculated. Considered the types of car suspensions, analyzed the suspension of the car Opel Campo, performed the calculation of the suspension. During the qualification work of the bachelor, calculations and drawings were performed in such programs as: "Compass 3D" and "Mathcad".

48

Magnant, Jérôme. "Composites fibreux denses à matrice céramique autocicatrisante élaborés par des procédés hybrides". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14105/document.

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L'élaboration de composites à matrice céramique denses et à fibres continues multidirectionnelles par de nouveaux procédés hybrides a été étudiée. Les procédés développés reposent sur le dépôt d'interphases autour des fibres par Infiltration Chimique en phase Vapeur (CVI) puis sur l'introduction de poudres céramiques au sein de préformes fibreuses par infusion de suspensions aqueuses colloïdales concentrées et stables, et enfin sur la consolidation des préformes soit par frittage flash, soit par imprégnation réactive de métaux liquides.La consolidation des composites par frittage flash est très rapide (palier de maintien en température inférieure à 5 minutes) et permet d'obtenir des composites denses. Durant le frittage, la dégradation des fibres de carbone a pu être évitée en adaptant le cycle de pression afin de limiter l'évolution des gaz au sein du système.La densification totale des composites par imprégnation de métaux liquides a été obtenue en contrôlant attentivement les paramètres d'imprégnation afin d'éviter de piéger des espèces gazeuses au sein des préformes fibreuses.Les composites à fibres de carbone consolidés par frittage flash ou par imprégnation réactive de métaux liquide possèdent un comportement mécanique de type élastique endommageable ainsi qu'une contrainte à rupture en flexion voisine de 300 MPa. Ces composites ont montré leur capacité à s'autocicatriser dans des conditions oxydantes. Comparés aux composites à matrice céramiques élaborés par CVI, les composites densifiés par imprégnation de métaux liquide sont eux parfaitement denses et ont un comportement mécanique en traction à température ambiante similaire avec notamment une contrainte à rupture en traction de 220 MPa
The fabrication of multidirectional continuous carbon fibers reinforced dense self healing Ceramic Matrix Composites by new short time hybrid processes was studied. The processes developed are based, first, on the deposition of fiber interphase and coating by chemical vapor infiltration, next, on the introduction of ceramic powders into the fibrous preform by Slurry Impregnation and, finally, on the densification of the composite by liquid-phase Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) or by Reactive Melt Infiltration of silicon (RMI).The homogeneous introduction of the ceramic particles into the multidirectional fiber preforms was realized by slurry impregnation from highly concentrated (> 32 %vol.) and well dispersed aqueous colloid suspensions. The densification of the composites by spark plasma sintering was possible with a short (< 5 minutes) dwelling period in temperature. The chemical degradation of the carbon fibers during the fabrication was prevented by adapting the sintering pressure cycle to inhibit gas evolution inside the system. The composites elaborated are dense. The fully densification of the composites by RMI was realised by carefully controlling the impregnation parameters to avoid to entrap some gaseous species inside the fiber preforms. Our carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites processed by Spark Plasma Sintering or Reactive Melt Infiltration have a damageable mechanical behaviour with a room temperature bending stress at failure around 300 MPa and have shown their ability to self-healing in oxidizing conditions. Compared to the CMC processed by CVI, the composites processed with a final consolidation step by RMI are fully dense and have a similar room temperature tensile test behaviour with an ultimate tensile stress around 220 MPa

49

Allafi, Mousa. "La cour pénale internationale et le conseil de sécurité : justice versus maintien de l'ordre". Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR1002/document.

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Le système de la Cour pénale internationale (CPI), dont la mission est d’assurer la justice internationale, repose sur un lien étroit avec le Conseil de sécurité. Il convient donc de s’interroger sur le rôle du Conseil dans le fonctionnement de la justice pénale internationale. Cette question est fondamentale, car l'intervention d'un organe politique dans l’activité d’un organe judiciaire remet en cause les missions de chacune de ces institutions. L’intrusion du Conseil dans l’activité de la CPI, basée sur sa mission de maintien de la paix, est en fait établie au nom d’un ordre international voulu par le Conseil lui-même. Ce rôle affecte le fonctionnement, l’indépendance et même l’impartialité de la Cour. Les pouvoirs que le Statut de Rome confère au Conseil, lui permettent en effet de saisir la CPI, d’imposer aux Etats de coopérer avec la Cour, de suspendre son activité ou encore de qualifier un acte, de crime d’agression. Cependant, les rapports entre le Conseil et la CPI ne devraient pas être subordonnés, mais entretenus dans le respect mutuel, ainsi une véritable crainte existe concernant le respect du Conseil envers le Statut de Rome. L’étude met en évidence le conflit entre justice et politique et révèle les enjeux actuels en termes de justice pénale internationale
The international criminal Court system (ICC) whose mission is to ensure international justice, is based on a close relationship with the security Council. So it is proper to wonder about the Council’s role in the functioning of international criminal justice. Such a questionning is fundamental, for the intervention of a political body into the functioning of a judicial body calls into question the missions of both institutions. The Council’s interference in the activity of the ICC, based on its mission of maintaining international peace, is actually carried out on behalf of an international order intended by the Council itself. This role affects the functioning, the independence and even the impartiality of the ICC. The powers the Rome Statute gives to the Council allow it to refer to the ICC, to impose for the States to cooperate with the Court, to suspend its activity or also to qualify an act as a crime of aggression. However the relations between the Council and the ICC should not be subordinated, but maintained in mutual respect. Thus there is a real concern regarding the observance of the Rome Statute by the Council. The study highlights the conflict between justice and politics and reveals the current issues in terms of international criminal justice

50

Дурас, А. Ю. "Дослідження процесу зносу деталей системи колінчастого вала та його впливу на ресурс та надійність автомобіля /комплексний проєкт/". Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/23216.

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Дурас, А. Ю. Дослідження процесу зносу деталей системи колінчастого вала та його впливу на ресурс та надійність автомобіля /комплексний проєкт/ : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 274 «Автомобільний транспорт» / А. Ю. Дурас ; керівник роботи В. І. Кальченко ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра автомобільного транспорту та галузевого машинобудування. – Чернігів, 2021. – 151 с.
Предметом магістерської роботи є розрахунок конструкції автомобіля. Об’єктом дослідження магістерської роботи є підвіска автомобіля, з подальшим процесом дослідження процесу зносу деталей системи колінчастого вала та його впливу на ресурс та надійність автомобіля Мета роботи – виконати розрахунок підвіски й рульового керування дослідити процес зносу деталей системи колінчастого вала та його впливу на ресурс та надійність автомобіля При виконанні магістерської роботи, визначили масові показники й параметри автомобіля, провели розрахунок двигуна автомобіля, розрахували показники динамічності автомобіля, його паливну економічність. У спеціальній частині магістерської роботи було проведено аналіз та розбір видів підвісок та розрахунок елементів підвісок та рульового керування автомобіля ВАЗ 2103. Виконано інформаційно патентний пошук по Для виконання розрахунків та графічної частини використовувались такі програми як: “Компас 3D” та “Mathcad”.
The subject of the master's thesis is the calculation of the car design. The object of study of the master's thesis is the suspension of the car, with the subsequent process of studying the process of wear of parts of the crankshaft system and its impact on the resource and reliability of the car The purpose of work - to carry out calculation of a suspension bracket and a steering to investigate process of wear of details of system of a cranked shaft and its influence on a resource and reliability of the car. When performing the master's thesis, determined the mass indicators and parameters of the car, calculated the car engine, calculated the dynamics of the car, its fuel economy. In the special part of the master's work the analysis and analysis of types of suspension brackets and calculation of elements of suspension brackets and steering of the car VAZ 2103 was carried out. An information patent search was performed on Such programs as “Compass 3D” and “Mathcad” were used to perform calculations and graphical part.

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