Artigos de revistas: "Potassium 41"

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Korsun, S. H., A. V. Davydiuk e V. V. Hirnyk. "The effect of fertilizing systems on the potassium capacity of dark gray soil". Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" 2, n.º 95 (22 de dezembro de 2018): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/zem.95.35-41.

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Purpose. Identify the features of changes in the factor of potassium capacity of dark gray soil under long-term systematic application of different doses of mineral and organic fertilizers. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. At various intensities of fertilizer systems and fertilizer ratios, it has been established that the long (30 years) use of organic and mineral fertilizers contributed not only to stabilization but also to the restoration of the stock of moving potassium in the arable soil layer in comparison with the initial data (1987).The growth of mobile potassium content was consistent with the increase in the agrochemical load in crop rotation. Conclusions. Long-term systematic application for 1987–2000 years mineral fertilizers in doses of 265–397 kg of NPK on the background of 10 tons of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation, in 2001–2010 years – 211–316,5 kg of NPK per 1 ha, and in 2011–2017 years – 217,5–326,4 kg of NPK per 1 ha on the background plowing crop by-products had a significant impact in the factor on the capacity factor of potassium of dark gray podzolized soil, ensuring it is elevated and very high level.

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Afridi, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Suleman Khan, Sohail Rashid, Zain Mehmood Butt, Rimsha Tauqeer, Mattiur Rahman, Ashiqullah Arman e Iqra Waheed. "Potassium Imbalance Leading to Arrhythmias in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery on Cardiopulmonary Bypass". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, n.º 3 (30 de março de 2023): 528–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023173528.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of factors that cause potassium imbalance in patients with postoperative arrhythmias after cardiac Bypass surgery Material and methods: During the time period of 2 November 2018 through 10 January 2020, 100 patients with heart disease receiving open-heart surgery were enrolled in a prospective observational research conducted by the cardiac surgery department at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology in Lahore. Both genders of age 17-70 years were included and patients with cyanotic heart disease congenital heart disease, previous cardiac surgery and urgent CABG were excluded. Results: Our results showed that of 100 patients, 59 (59%) were male and 41 (41%) were female and the mean age was14.243 ± 50.12 years. 6 patients had preexisting renal failure and 9 had postoperative renal failure. Overall potassium imbalance was noted in 39 patients, 33 were hypokalemic and 6 were hyperkalemic and the mean potassium with S.D was 3.95±0.83 and 37 had postoperative arrhythmias out of which 18 (54.5%) were hypokalemic and 2 (33.3%) were hyperkalemic. Preoperative drugs, preexisting renal failure, CPB time, aortic cross clamp time, intraoperative potassium levels, time on ventilation, postoperative urine output, potassium infusion, postoperative renal failure, arrhythmias and total hospital stay were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Potassium imbalance post-cardiopulmonary bypass is major factor that may lead to increased risk of postoperative arrhythmias. Keywords: Potassium imbalance, cardiopulmonary bypass, postoperative arrhythmias, renal failure, hypokalemia

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Bundgaard, Henning, e Keld Kjeldsen. "Potassium depletion increases potassium clearance capacity in skeletal muscles in vivo during acute repletion". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 283, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 2002): C1163—C1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00588.2001.

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Muscular K uptake depends on skeletal muscle Na-K-ATPase concentration and activity. Reduced K uptake is observed in vitro in K-depleted rats. We evaluated skeletal muscle K clearance capacity in vivo in rats K depleted for 14 days. [3H]ouabain binding, α1 and α2 Na-K-ATPase isoform abundance, and K, Na, and Mg content were measured in skeletal muscles. Skeletal muscle K, Na, and Mg and plasma K were measured in relation to intravenous KCl infusion that continued until animals died, i.e., maximum KCl dose was administered. In soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and gastrocnemius muscles K depletion significantly reduced K content by 18%, 15%, and 19%, [3H]ouabain binding by 36%, 41%, and 68%, and α2 isoform abundance by 34%, 44%, and 70%, respectively. No significant change was observed in α1 isoform abundance. In EDL and gastrocnemius muscles K depletion significantly increased Na (48% and 59%) and Mg (10% and 17%) content, but only tendencies to increase were observed in soleus muscle. K-depleted rats tolerated up to a fourfold higher KCl dose. This was associated with a reduced rate of increase in plasma K and increases in soleus, EDL, and gastrocnemius muscle K of 56%, 42%, and 41%, respectively, but only tendencies to increase in controls. However, whereas K uptake was highest in K-depleted animals, the K uptake rate was highest in controls. In vivo K depletion is associated with markedly increased K tolerance and K clearance despite significantly reduced skeletal muscle Na-K-ATPase concentration. The concern of an increased risk for K intoxication during K repletion seems unwarranted.

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Solihudin, Solihudin, Atiek Rostika Noviyanti e Iman Rahayu. "Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel Arang Sekam Padi Dan Waktu Refluks terhadap Kadar Abudan Daya Serap Karbon Sekam Padi". Jurnal Natur Indonesia 17, n.º 1 (30 de março de 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.17.1.33-41.

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The highest content in rice husk is ash with its main component of silica. Silica in ash causes the low adsorption capacity. Activated carbon from rice husk can be obtained by lowering the ash content. The aim of this study is determine the effect of particle size of charcoal and reflux time the ash content using a solution of potassium carbonate. The activation of rice husk char was carried out by using reflux methods with a potassium carbonate solution. The resulted carbon was washed using hydrochloric acid tested using iodine and methylene blue to examine of its adsorbance. The particle size of rice husk and reflux time decrease ash content in rice husk. In general, husk with the size of 80 mesh can produce carbon with low ash content and high absorption using reflux time at least for 120 minutes. Rice husk size of 100 mesh refluxing with potassium carbonate for 150 minutes can reduce the ash content as 91.85% and adsorptivity of the iodine at 331 mg.g -1 .

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Lin, Yang, Mingzhong Cai, Zhiqiang Fang e Hong Zhao. "Highly efficient heterogeneous copper-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of potassium polyfluorobenzoates with aryl halides leading to polyfluorobiaryls". RSC Advances 7, n.º 55 (2017): 34722–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra05711c.

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Jat, M. K., P. K. Yadav, R. Singh, A. Tikkoo, S. S. Yadav e R. S. Dadarwal. "Response of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) to potassium fertilization in coarse textured soils of Southern Haryana, India". Journal of Environmental Biology 41, n.º 6 (15 de novembro de 2020): 1621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/6/si-228.

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Aim: To evaluate the optimum dose and potassium application on K uptake by green gram and its buildup/depletion in soil to overcome the production of pulses in South West part of Haryana. Methodology: A series of field experiments and on farm trials were conducted during 2012 to 2016 at the Regional Research Station, CCS HAU, Bawal and at the farmers field to study the response of green gram to potassium fertilization in coarse textured medium K status soils of southern Haryana, India. Five levels of potassium (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg K2O ha-1) were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. Results: The results of study revealed that green gram seed yield increased significantly with application of potassium at 20 kg K2O ha-1. Potassium fertilization also significantly increased total K uptake by green gram at each level of potassium application and helped in preventing the depletion of available soil K and enhanced its content in the soil. The mean K use efficiency varied from 38.30 to 54.15 per cent, being maximum with application of 20 kg K2O ha-1 (54.15 %). The mean economic data analysis revealed that benefit cost ratio also increased with potassium fertilization. Interpretation: On farm trials conducted on farmers field revealed that application of 20 kg K2O ha-1 in coarse textured low to medium potash status soils is optimum for higher yield, returns and maintenance of available K status in soil.

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Morgan, Leah E., Danielle P. Santiago Ramos, Brett Davidheiser-Kroll, John Faithfull, Nicholas S. Lloyd, Rob M. Ellam e John A. Higgins. "High-precision 41K/39K measurements by MC-ICP-MS indicate terrestrial variability of δ41K". Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 33, n.º 2 (2018): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ja00257b.

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Meyer, Harald, Günter Schmidt-Lukasch, Gerhard Baum, Werner Massa e Armin Berndt. "Dianion eines Methylendiborirans, Synthese seiner Alkali- und Magnesiumsalze und Struktur seines Dikaliumsalzes / Dianion of a Methylenediborirane, Synthesis of its Alkali and Magnesium Salts and Structure of its Dipotassium Salt". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 43, n.º 7 (1 de julho de 1988): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1988-0703.

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Lithium, sodium, potassium, caesium and magnesium salts of the dianion of 1,2-di-tert-butyl-3- [bis(trimethylsilyl)methylene]-1,2-diborirane have been synthesized and charactarized by 13C and 11B NMR spectroscopy. X-ray structure analysis of the di-potassium salt proves cyclic derealization of two. π-electrons in the CB2-ring by short C-B (150 pm) and B -B (158 pm) bonds. The exocyclic C-C bond (150 pm) is bridged by two potassium ions. One of them contacts the boron atoms of a neighbouring dianion leading to a helicoidal infinite chain with 41-symmetry along the c direction.

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Flyvbjerg, A., I. Dørup, M. E. Everts, T. Clausen e H. Ørskov. "41 EVIDENCE THAT POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY INDUCES GROWTH RETARDATION THROUGH REDUCED SOMATOMEDIN C PRODUCTION". Pediatric Research 24, n.º 4 (outubro de 1988): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198810000-00062.

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Martínez-Pineda, Montserrat, Antonio Vercet e Cristina Yagüe-Ruiz. "Are Food Additives a Really Problematic Hidden Source of Potassium for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients?" Nutrients 13, n.º 10 (12 de outubro de 2021): 3569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103569.

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Dietary treatment in chronic kidney disease (CKD) recommends limiting the consumption of foods rich in potassium to reduce risk of hyperkalemia. Currently, the increased supply of processed foods on the market could be a new “hidden” source of potassium for these patients, which is causing concern among health professionals who treat them. The aim of this study was to check which EU authorized food additives contain potassium, its conditions of use and classified them according to their risk for CKD patients. In addition, the frequency of appearance of potassium additives in processed foods in a European sample through the analysis of 715 products labeling from France, Germany, and Spain were evaluated. Results showed 41 potassium-containing additives allowed in the European Union, but only 16 were identified, being the most frequent: E202; E252, E340, E450, E452, E508, and E950. The 37.6% of the processed products analyzed contained at least one potassium additive. The food categories that showed the greatest presence of additives were breaded products, meat derivatives, non-alcoholic beverage, ready-to-eat products, and cereal derivatives. Potassium additives are widely distributed in processed foods and therefore pose a risk of hidden sources of potassium in CKD dietary management. These results could be really useful for developing educational tools for CKD patients.

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Jedrzejewski, Roman, Zofia Lendzion-Bieluń e Walerian Arabczyk. "The activity of fused-iron catalyst doped with lithium oxide for ammonia synthesis". Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 18, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2016): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2016-0032.

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Abstract The iron catalyst precursor promoted with Al2O3, CaO, and Li2O was obtained applying the fusing method. Lithium oxide forms two phases in this iron catalyst: a chemical compound with iron oxide (Li2Fe3O4) and a solid solution with magnetite. The catalyst promoted with lithium oxide was not fully reduced at 773 K, while the catalyst containing potassium was easily reducible at the same conditions. After reduction at 873 K the activity of the catalyst promoted with lithium oxide was 41% higher per surface than the activity of the catalyst promoted with potassium oxide. The concentration of free active sites on the surface of the catalyst containing lithium oxide after full reduction was greater than the concentration of free active sites on the surface of the catalyst promoted with potassium oxide.

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Perry, Matthew D., Vazhaikkurichi M. Rajendran, Kenneth A. MacLennan e Geoffrey I. Sandle. "Segmental differences in upregulated apical potassium channels in mammalian colon during potassium adaptation". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 311, n.º 5 (1 de novembro de 2016): G785—G793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00181.2015.

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Rat proximal and distal colon are net K+secretory and net K+absorptive epithelia, respectively. Chronic dietary K+loading increases net K+secretion in the proximal colon and transforms net K+absorption to net K+secretion in the distal colon, but changes in apical K+channel expression are unclear. We evaluated expression/activity of apical K+(BK) channels in surface colonocytes in proximal and distal colon of control and K+-loaded animals using patch-clamp recording, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analyses. In controls, BK channels were more abundant in surface colonocytes from K+secretory proximal colon (39% of patches) than in those from K+-absorptive distal colon (12% of patches). Immunostaining demonstrated more pronounced BK channel α-subunit protein expression in surface cells and cells in the upper 25% of crypts in proximal colon, compared with distal colon. Dietary K+loading had no clear-cut effects on the abundance, immunolocalization, or expression of BK channels in proximal colon. By contrast, in distal colon, K+loading 1) increased BK channel abundance in patches from 12 to 41%; 2) increased density of immunostaining in surface cells, which extended along the upper 50% of crypts; and 3) increased expression of BK channel α-subunit protein when assessed by Western blotting ( P < 0.001). Thus apical BK channels are normally more abundant in K+secretory proximal colon than in K+absorptive distal colon, and apical BK channel expression in distal (but not proximal) colon is greatly stimulated as part of the enhanced K+secretory response to dietary K+loading.

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Valverdi, Nadia A., e Lee Kalcsits. "Rootstock Affects Scion Nutrition and Fruit Quality during Establishment and Early Production of ‘Honeycrisp’ Apple". HortScience 56, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2021): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15488-20.

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‘Honeycrisp’ apple is susceptible to bitter pit, which is associated with fruit mineral nutrient composition. Rootstock genotypes can affect nutrient acquisition, distribution, and fruit yields, which all affect fruit nutrient composition and bitter pit susceptibility. However, the changes of these traits among different rootstock genotypes in response to abiotic stress under semiarid conditions are relatively unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different rootstocks and irrigation on nutrient uptake and partitioning with ‘Honeycrisp’ apple grown in an irrigated, semiarid environment. ‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees were grafted on four different rootstocks, Geneva 41 (‘G.41’), Geneva 890 (‘G.890’), M.9-T337 (‘M.9’), and Budagovsky 9 (‘B.9’), and these were planted at high density (3000 trees/ha). Irrigation was applied as either a water-limited treatment where volumetric soil water content was maintained near 50% field capacity (FC) and a well-watered control where soil water content was maintained near 100% FC. ‘G.890’, the most vigorous rootstock, had lower nitrogen and higher potassium content in leaves, while ‘B.9’, the least vigorous rootstock, had lower potassium and higher nitrogen content. Rootstock genotype did not affect calcium uptake. Interestingly, water-limited conditions increased the nutrient content in root and stems but not in leaves. Water-limited trees partitioned more nitrogen and calcium to roots, while well-watered trees in the control partitioned more nutrients to the stems. Fruit size was the largest for ‘G.890’ and smallest for ‘B.9’. Both ‘G.41’ and ‘G.890’ had higher bitter pit incidence, which was associated with higher potassium content in leaves and fruit. These results suggest that rootstock-induced vigor and irrigation can both contribute to nutrient imbalances in leaves and fruit that could affect the development of physiological disorders in ‘Honeycrisp’ apple.

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Dimeski, Goce, Alan E. Clague e Peter E. Hickman. "Correction and reporting of potassium results in haemolysed samples". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 42, n.º 2 (1 de março de 2005): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0004563053492739.

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Background: Potassium is usually the most important analyte affected by in vitro haemolysis and the result obtained may falsely indicate or disguise a life-threatening abnormality and so give rise to inappropriate treatment. The purpose of the study was to provide a solution to the problem of reporting potassium on haemolysed samples, taking into account both clinical needs and analytical concerns (inter-individual and inter-sample variability). Methods: Using a new procedure that mimics the collection process in an actual clinical setting, haemolysed samples were prepared from 41 volunteers with a range of inter-individual factors - haemoglobin 80-173 g/L, red blood cells 2.42-6.77 x 1012/L, leucocytes 3.0-306 x 109 /L and platelets 31-710 x 109/L - in order to develop a more accurate correction equation using a haemolytic index (HI) corresponding to g Hb/L in plasma. Results: The mean (range) potassium increase was 0.0036 mmol/L (0.0029-0.0053 mmol/L) per unit HI. The following equation was developed to estimate potassium increase per HI, in order to compensate approximately for potassium leakage in haemolysed samples: Corrected K+=Measured K+ -(HI x 0.004). Conclusion: The balanced solution is this: instead of reporting the post-haemolysis corrected potassium result a qualitative comment is given, indicating the likely range of the potassium concentration. If the potassium result is in a critically low or high range, it is communicated promptly to the requesting clinician.

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Wasonga, Daniel O., Jouko Kleemola, Laura Alakukku e Pirjo S. A. Mäkelä. "Growth Response of Cassava to Deficit Irrigation and Potassium Fertigation during the Early Growth Phase". Agronomy 10, n.º 3 (26 de fevereiro de 2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030321.

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) experiences intermittent water deficit and suffers from potassium (K) deficiency that seriously constrains its yield in the tropics. Currently, the interaction effect between deficit irrigation and K fertigation on growth and yield of cassava is unknown, especially during the early growth phase. Therefore, pot experiments were conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions using cassava cuttings. Treatments initiated at 30 days after planting included three irrigation doses (30%, 60%, 100% pot capacity) and five K (0.01, 1, 4, 16, and 32 mM) concentrations. The plants were harvested 90 days after planting. Decreasing irrigation dose to 30% together with 16 mM K lowered the leaf water potential by 69%, leaf osmotic potential by 41%, photosynthesis by 35%, stomatal conductance by 41%, water usage by 50%, leaf area by 17%, and whole-plant dry mass by 41%, compared with full-irrigated plants. Lowering the K concentration below 16 mM reduced the values further. Notably, growth and yield were decreased the least compared with optimal, when irrigation dose was decreased to 60% together with 16 mM K. The results demonstrate that deficit irrigation strategies could be utilized to develop management practices to improve cassava productivity by means of K fertigation under low moisture conditions.

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Puri, Sahnia, Pebra Heriansyah e Tri Nopsagiarti. "Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KH2PO4) and Kinetin Enhance The Growth of Dendrobium Sonia Somatic Embryos". Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 18, n.º 1 (2022): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47349/jbi/18012022/41.

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The Dendrobium Sonia orchid is a hybrid orchid that has a high selling value. Therefore, efforts should be carried out to improve technology to reproduce and regenerate Dendrobium Sonia orchids. The objective of this study was to determine the best concentration of Potassium Dihydrogen Phospate (KH2PO4) and Kinetin for the growth of Dendrobium Sonia somatic embryos. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors consisting of 3 treatments namely medium without KH2PO4, KH2PO4 160 mgL-1, KH2PO4 170 mgL-1, KH2PO4 180 mgL-1, and without Kinetin, Kinetin 0,5 mgL-1, Kinetin 1 mgL-1, Kinetin 1,5 mgL-1. Parameters observed in this study were number of leaves, leaf length, and wet weight of plantlets. The data were analyzed by using The Analysis of Variance and further tested using Tukey Multiple Range Test (Tukey Test) (P=0.05). The results showed that KH2PO4 170 mgL-1 was the best concentration for multiplication of Dendrobium Sonia as shown by the parameters the diameters of number of leaves (4,41 sheet), leaf length (1,16 cm), and wet weight of plantlets (0,10 mg) and Kinetin 1 mgL-1 was the best concentration for multiplication of Dendrobium Sonia as shown by the parameters the diameters of number of leaves (4,05 sheet), leaf length (0,97 cm), and wet weight of plantlets (0,09 mg). By interaction, the addition of various concentrations of KH2PO4 and Kinetin significantly affected the number of leaves with the best treatment adding KH2PO4 160 mgL-1 and Kinetin 1 mgL-1 MS with an average leaf number of 4.99 strands.

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Puri, Sahnia, Pebra Heriansyah e Tri Nopsagiarti. "Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KH2PO4) and Kinetin Enhance The Growth of Dendrobium Sonia Somatic Embryos". Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 18, n.º 1 (2022): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47349/jbi/18012022/41.

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The Dendrobium Sonia orchid is a hybrid orchid that has a high selling value. Therefore, efforts should be carried out to improve technology to reproduce and regenerate Dendrobium Sonia orchids. The objective of this study was to determine the best concentration of Potassium Dihydrogen Phospate (KH2PO4) and Kinetin for the growth of Dendrobium Sonia somatic embryos. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors consisting of 3 treatments namely medium without KH2PO4, KH2PO4 160 mgL-1, KH2PO4 170 mgL-1, KH2PO4 180 mgL-1, and without Kinetin, Kinetin 0,5 mgL-1, Kinetin 1 mgL-1, Kinetin 1,5 mgL-1. Parameters observed in this study were number of leaves, leaf length, and wet weight of plantlets. The data were analyzed by using The Analysis of Variance and further tested using Tukey Multiple Range Test (Tukey Test) (P=0.05). The results showed that KH2PO4 170 mgL-1 was the best concentration for multiplication of Dendrobium Sonia as shown by the parameters the diameters of number of leaves (4,41 sheet), leaf length (1,16 cm), and wet weight of plantlets (0,10 mg) and Kinetin 1 mgL-1 was the best concentration for multiplication of Dendrobium Sonia as shown by the parameters the diameters of number of leaves (4,05 sheet), leaf length (0,97 cm), and wet weight of plantlets (0,09 mg). By interaction, the addition of various concentrations of KH2PO4 and Kinetin significantly affected the number of leaves with the best treatment adding KH2PO4 160 mgL-1 and Kinetin 1 mgL-1 MS with an average leaf number of 4.99 strands.

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Verma, Pallavi, Aisvarya Kapoor, Kishalay Datta e Uzma Khanam. "A Rare Disorder: Hypokalemia Induced Paralysis". Indian Journal of Emergency Medicine 8, n.º 3 (15 de setembro de 2022): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijem.2395.311x.8322.8.

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Hypokalemic (Induced) Periodic Paralysis is a rare group of disorders that can cause sudden onset of flaccid paralysis. Here we present a case of 41 year old female who presented to the ED complaining of severe flaccid paralysis in both lower & upper limbs since morning. Initially, she was treated as a stroke alert patient and had head scans which showed no acute pathologic changes. Laboratory evaluation revealed a markedly low potassium level. The patient's paralysis resolved after potassium correction and she was discharged with no neurologic deficits. Although rare, Periodic Paralysis must be differentiated from other causes of weakness and paralysis so that the proper treatment can be initiated quickly.

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Kozmenko, A. N., e N. A. Belokonov. "Experimental assessment of potassium ions diffusion speed from new gel reducing dental sensitivity". Kazan medical journal 95, n.º 5 (15 de outubro de 2014): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2214.

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Aim. To compare the contents of potassium salts in specialized toothpastes, and to estimate the possibility for potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules after firm tooth tissues conditioning by a toothpaste containing fluoride. Methods. Toothpastes specially formulated to treat the pain of sensitive teeth: «Sensodyne F» (contains potassium chloride); «PresiDENT Sensitive» (potassium nitrate); «Asepta Sensitive» (potassium citrate) and new gel reducing dental sensitivity (contains potassium chloride) were examined. Speed of potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules after firm tooth tissues conditioning by a toothpaste containing fluoric substances were measures by potentiometry and a special device using tooth slice as a membrane. Results. Considering that toothpaste is applied within 5 minutes, while gel - within 15-20 minutes, it is possible to assume that potassium ions bioavailability from 1 g of gel can be assessed as 41 mg, compared to 5.9±0.5 mg from 1 g of paste №1, 0.4±0.05 mg - №2; 7.8±0.5 mg - №3. So, potassium ions bioavailability from 1 g of gel is 7; 102; 5 times higher (respectively) compared to toothpastes. Speed of potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules ranged between 0.2 to 1.64 μg/min and depended on the number of membrane potassium channels permeable for potassium. Fluoride toothpastes specially formulated to treat the pain of sensitive teeth reduced the speed of potassium ions diffusion from the solution by 4-7 times by blocking the dentinal tubules. This can be also associated with fluoride-containing protective film formation. Therefore, at the first stage of treatment of teeth hypersensitivity using new gel, it is better to use a toothpaste without fluoride. Conclusion. Compared to the examined toothpastes, new gel for reducing dental sensitivity contains higher number of potassium free ions, which can enter dentinal tubules reducing the effect on free nerve endings. Potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules reduced 4-7-fold after conditioning by a toothpaste containing fluoride.

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Dong, Chaochao, Xiaochuan Deng, Xueqin Guo, Bin Wang, Xiushen Ye, Jie Fan, Chaoliang Zhu, Faying Fan e Binju Qing. "Synthesis of potassium metal ferrocyanide/Al-MCM-41 with fast and selective adsorption of cesium". Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 613 (março de 2021): 126107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126107.

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Domenegato, Briana M., Etienne Côté, Deepmala Agarwal, M. Lynne O’Sullivan, Elaine D. Reveler, Elizabeth Dobbin e Ellen McMahon. "Effects of handling and storage on potassium concentration in plasma and serum samples obtained from cats". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260, n.º 2 (15 de janeiro de 2022): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.20.09.0530.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To compare potassium concentrations in feline plasma and serum samples analyzed promptly after collection or after 20 to 28 hours of refrigerated storage. ANIMALS 41 cats. PROCEDURES A venous blood sample was obtained from each cat. Aliquots were placed in 2 tubes without anticoagulant (blood was allowed to clot to derive serum) and 2 tubes with heparin (to derive plasma). One serum and 1 plasma sample were kept at room temperature and analyzed within 60 minutes after collection (baseline); the other serum and plasma samples were analyzed after 20 to 28 hours of refrigerated storage. At both time points, serum and plasma potassium concentrations were measured. RESULTS Median baseline serum potassium concentration (4.3 mmol/L) was significantly higher than median baseline plasma potassium concentration (4.1 mmol/L). The median difference between those values was 0.4 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.2 to 0.5 mmol/L). Compared with their respective baseline measurements, the median serum plasma concentration (4.8 mmol/L) and median plasma potassium concentration (4.6 mmol/L) were higher after 20 to 28 hours of refrigeration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that with regard to potassium concentration in feline blood samples, clotting or refrigerated storage for 20 to 28 hours results in a significant artifactual increase. Detection of an unexpectedly high potassium concentration in a cat may represent pseudohyperkalemia, especially if the blood sample was placed in a no-additive tube, was stored for 20 to 28 hours prior to analysis, or both.

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Mercadal, Lucile, Oriane Lambert, Cécile Couchoud, Marie Metzger, Stéphane Edet, Sylvie Merle, Christian Jacquelinet e Bénédicte Stengel. "Prescription patterns of dialysate potassium and potassium binders and survival on haemodialysis—the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network registry". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 36, n.º 1 (24 de junho de 2020): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa077.

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Abstract Background Management of potassium disorders in patients on haemodialysis (HD) is complex. We studied prescription patterns of dialysate potassium and potassium binders, and their associations with patient survival. Methods This national registry-based study included 25 629 incident adult patients alive after 3 months of HD from 2010 through 2013 and followed-up through 31 December 2014. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate multiadjusted mortality hazard ratios (HRs) associated with time-dependent exposure to facility-level dialysate potassium concentrations and patient-level potassium binder exposure. Results Almost all dialysis units used, and generally most often, dialysate potassium concentrations of 2 mmol/L. During this period, use of concentrations <2 mmol/L tended to decrease and those ≥3 mmol/L to increase. In 2014, 9% of units used a single dialysate formula, 41% used two and 50% three or more. The most frequent combinations were 2 and 3 mmol/L (40%), and <2, 2 and 3 mmol/L (37%). Compared with patients on HD in units using only one dialysate formula, those in units using two or three had adjusted mortality HRs of 0.91 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–1.01] and 0.84 (0.75–0.93), respectively. Potassium binders were prescribed for 37% of all patients at baseline. Adjusted mortality HRs associated with doses <4, 4–8 and ≥8 g/day versus none were 1.22 (95% CI 1.04–1.51), 0.6 (0.54–0.66) and 0.25 (0.24–0.33), respectively. Conclusions Diversity in facility-level use of dialysate potassium concentrations and potassium binder use at an appropriate dose appear to be associated with better survival in HD patients.

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Spring, Jean-Laurent, Vivian Zufferey, Thibaut Verdenal e Olivier Viret. "Influence of the rootstock on the behavior of Pi-not noir under the conditions of the central Valais". Trends in Horticulture 2, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/th.v2i1.1777.

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The agronomic and oenological behavior of the Pinot noir grape variety was studied in relation to different rootstocks on the Agroscope estate in Leytron (VS): 3309 C, 5 BB, Fercal, 41 BMGt, Riparia Gloire, 420 AMGt, 101-14 MGt and 161-49 C. Rootstock primarily influenced vigor, speed of vine establishment, and mineral nutrition of the graft. Riparia Gloire, 41 BMGt, 420 AMGt and 161-49 C rootstocks were less vigorous and, for the last three, induced a lower nitrogen and potassium supply leading to the production of slightly more acidic wines. The less vigorous rootstocks and 101-14 MGt were slightly more sensitive to water stress.

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Schütter, Niklas, Yuri Correia Barreto, Vitya Vardanyan, Sönke Hornig, Stephen Hyslop, Sérgio Marangoni, Léa Rodrigues-Simioni, Olaf Pongs e Cháriston André Dal Belo. "Inhibition of Kv2.1 Potassium Channels by MiDCA1, A Pre-Synaptically Active PLA2-Type Toxin from Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda Coral Snake Venom". Toxins 11, n.º 6 (12 de junho de 2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060335.

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MiDCA1, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) neurotoxin isolated from Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda coral snake venom, inhibited a major component of voltage-activated potassium (Kv) currents (41 ± 3% inhibition with 1 μM toxin) in mouse cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In addition, the selective Kv2.1 channel blocker guangxitoxin (GxTx-1E) and MiDCA1 competitively inhibited the outward potassium current in DRG neurons. MiDCA1 (1 µM) reversibly inhibited the Kv2.1 current by 55 ± 8.9% in a Xenopus oocyte heterologous system. The toxin showed selectivity for Kv2.1 channels over all the other Kv channels tested in this study. We propose that Kv2.1 channel blockade by MiDCA1 underlies the toxin’s action on acetylcholine release at mammalian neuromuscular junctions.

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Beáta Boros e Mihály Sárvári. "The effect of NPK fertilization and the plant density on maize yield and bioethanol production". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n.º 41 (15 de dezembro de 2010): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/41/2673.

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For industrial (bioethanol) production of maize, a new production technology is needed. I tested and selected hybrids appropriate for this purpose and set up fertilization and plant density experiments. The experiment were set up on chernozem soil in 2008.In bioethanol production, the selection of a high-yielding hybrid with high starch content, a slight reduction of N, increase of potassium, the application of the highest plant densities of the optimum interval, harvest at full maturity (when starch content is the highest compared to protein content) are of great importance.

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Xiao, Han, Chao Zhang, Jiaojiao Zhao, Zhaohui Zheng e Yuehui Li. "Selective hydrogenation of dimethyl terephthalate over a potassium-modified Ni/SiO₂ catalyst". RSC Advances 13, n.º 24 (2023): 16363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra02223d.

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Selective hydrogenation of DMT to DMCD was achieved a using KF-modified Ni/SiO2 catalyst. Doping only 0.5 wt% of KF by post-impregnation significantly improves the reactivity and selectivity (41% vs 95% conversion; 83% vs 96% selectivity).

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Wang, Xiang Cheng, Dan Li, Sheng Liang Duan, De Bing Li e Xiu Li Qi. "A New Harmless Disposal Method of Aluminium Phosphide Residue". Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (julho de 2014): 845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.845.

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Treatment phosphine gas with absorption oxidation, let gas went through the oxidant solution. Use concentration of sodium hypochlorite 1%-8% (w/w) as oxygenate, the absorption rate of phosphine [φ] was various form 41% to 61%. Compared with the other phases, such as hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, iron trichloride, sodium hypochlorite is better as oxidation agent in the process of phosphine gas absorption oxidation.

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Moraes, Edvaldo Leal de, Leonardo Borges de Barros e. Silva, Tatiana Cristine de Moraes, Nair Cordeiro dos Santos da Paixão, Nelly Miyuki Shinohara Izumi e Aparecida de Jesus Guarino. "The profile of potential organ and tissue donors". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 17, n.º 5 (outubro de 2009): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692009000500019.

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This study aimed to characterize donors according to gender, age group, cause of brain death; quantify donors with hypernatremia, hyperpotassemia and hypopotassemia; and get to know which organs were the most used in transplantations. This quantitative, descriptive, exploratory and retrospective study was performed at the Organ Procurement Organization of the University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital das Clínicas. Data from the medical records of 187 potential donors were analyzed. Cerebrovascular accidents represented 53.48% of all brain death causes, sodium and potassium disorders occurred in 82.36% of cases and 45.46% of the potential donors were between 41 and 60 years old. The results evidenced that natural death causes exceeded traumatic deaths, and that most donors presented sodium and potassium alterations, likely associated to inappropriate maintenance.

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LOUCH, HEATHER A., MICHELLE L. ECK e KAREN J. MILLER. "Osmoadaptation by Staphylococcus aureus: Analysis of Several Strains Linked to Food Poisoning Outbreaks". Journal of Food Protection 60, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 1997): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.2.139.

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The authors examined the intracellular solute composition of five strains of Staphylococcus aureus after growth in a medium of low water activity. Organic solutes within cell extracts were analyzed using an amino acid analyzer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Intracellular potassium content was assayed using a potassium-specific electrode. The results showed that the five S. aureus strains accumulated proline and glycine betaine intracellularly under these growth conditions. The levels of accumulated proline and glycine betaine were strikingly similar among the strains, despite differences in salt tolerance. During the course of these experiments it was also found that S. aureus strain RN4220 (a strain commonly used in genetic studies) was selectively impaired in its ability to utilize proline during osmoadaptation at 41°C.

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ZHANG, Weidong, Jun HE, Haiwei GONG, Peng ZHANG e Zhengfeng XIE. "Epoxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Schiff Base Functionalized MCM-41 and Potassium Carbonate". Acta Agronomica Sinica 30, n.º 11 (2013): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1095.2013.30061.

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Picard, Kelly, Maria Ines Barreto Silva, Diana Mager e Caroline Richard. "Dietary Potassium Intake and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Predialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review". Advances in Nutrition 11, n.º 4 (19 de março de 2020): 1002–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa027.

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Abstract The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing and dietary interventions may be a strategy to reduce this burden. In the general population, higher potassium intake is considered protective for cardiovascular health. Due to the risk of hyperkalemia in CKD, limiting potassium intake is often recommended. However, given that poor cardiovascular function can cause kidney damage, following a low-potassium diet may be deleterious for patients with CKD. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on dietary potassium intake and CKD progression. Multiple databases were searched on 7 June 2019 and data were managed with Covidence. No intervention trials met the inclusion criteria. Eleven observational studies met the inclusion criteria (10 post hoc analyses, 1 retrospective cohort), representing 49,573 stage 1–5 predialysis patients with CKD from 41 different countries. Of the 11 studies, 6 studies reported exclusively on early CKD (stage 1–2), 4 studies separately reported analyses on both early and late (stage 3–5) CKD, and 2 studies reported exclusively on late CKD. A total of 9 studies reported risk of disease progression in early CKD; in 4 studies high potassium intake was associated with lower risk, while in 2 studies the low intake showed a higher progression of risk, and 3 studies reported no relation. In late CKD, results are mixed: 2 studies suggested benefit of higher potassium intake and 1 suggested benefit of lower potassium intake, whereas 3 studies were neutral. These results should be interpreted with caution, as considerations preventing firm conclusions include 1) the overall low range of dietary potassium intake, with all studies reporting an average intake below the 2004 Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiatives guidelines, and 2) the method used to assess potassium intake in most studies (i.e., urine) in late stages of CKD. Ideally, well-controlled intervention studies are needed to understand how dietary potassium intake is linked to CKD progression.

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Yamika, Wiwin Sumiya Dwi, Nurul Aini, Budi Waluyo e Agus Prayitno Kurniawan. "Effect of Shading Percentage and Potassium Dosages on Growth and Yield of Cutleaf Groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.)". Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 38, n.º 2 (27 de junho de 2023): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v38i2.72687.

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Cutleaf groundcherry is a medicinal herbaceous plant that has not been widely cultivated. Adjustment to the light intensities supported by the fulfillment of essential macro-nutrient underlies the agronomic consideration for cropping system determination. The study aimed to examine the growth and yield of cutleaf groundcherry grown under shade nets of various shading percentages and potassium application at different dosages. A split-plot design was used for this pot experiment repeated three times. The main plot was the shading percentages (0, 25, 50 and 75), while potassium dosages (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1) were the subplot. The result showed that several growth variables were affected by the interaction between shading percentages and potassium dosage, whereas yield variables were not. Under the high level of shading, leaf number (41% to 50%), leaf area (28% to 50%), and shoot dry weight (70% to 85%) were reduced at all potassium dosages. Potassium dosage at 120 kg ha-1 was required to achieve better growth under full sun or soft shading. Shading at 50% and upper significantly decreased fruit production by 30% lower fruit number, 50% to 80% lower fruit weight, and 15% lower total soluble solids (TSS). In addition, potassium fertilizer at 120 kg K2O ha-1 improved fruit weight but did not affect TSS. It can be concluded that cutleaf groundcherry is able to grow well under high intensity of light and need an adequate supply of potassium to improve growth, yield and fruit quality.

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Hansen, R. D., e B. J. Allen. "Calibration of a total body potassium monitor with an anthropomorphic phantom". Physics in Medicine and Biology 41, n.º 11 (1 de novembro de 1996): 2447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/41/11/015.

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He, Y. D., X. B. Cui, L. X. Wang, Y. X. Liu, T. Jing e B. Z. Wang. "Movement and transformation of potassium in fertiliser micro-sites in latosol". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 41 (agosto de 2016): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/41/1/012030.

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Singh, K., A. Chowdhury, K. Subrahmanyam, B. N. Chatterjee e D. V. Singh. "Influence of amounts and methods of potassium application on yield and quality of citronella Java (Cymbopogon winterianus)". Journal of Agricultural Science 115, n.º 2 (outubro de 1990): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600075195.

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SUMMARYField experiments were conducted during 1983–85 and 1984–86 on an entisol at Lucknow, India. Dry herbage, essential-oil yields and nutrient uptake increased significantly with the application of 83 kg K/ha. Considering the means from both experiments over a two-year cropping cycle, the application of 41·5 kg K/ha in four splits exceeded the zero K control by 6·8 t/ha (dry matter) and 233 kg/ha (oil), and exceeded a basal application of 83 kg/ha K by 2·8 t/ha (dry matter) and 109 kg/ha (oil). Amounts and methods of K application showed no effect on oil quality. Application of 41·5 kg K/ha in four splits, one after each harvest, is recommended to obtain maximum yields in this perennial grass.

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Labat, Carlos, Silke Thul, John Pirault, Mohamed Temmar, Simon N. Thornton, Athanase Benetos e Magnus Bäck. "Differential Associations for Salivary Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Phosphate Levels with Carotid Intima Media Thickness, Heart Rate, and Arterial Stiffness". Disease Markers 2018 (16 de dezembro de 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3152146.

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Salivary biomarkers may offer a noninvasive and easy sampling alternative in cardiovascular risk evaluation. The aim of the present study was to establish associations of salivary potassium, sodium, calcium, and phosphate levels with the cardiovascular phenotype determined by carotid ultrasound and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and to identify possible covariates for these associations. N=241 samples of nonstimulated whole buccal saliva were obtained from subjects with (n=143; 59%) or without (n=98; 41%) hypertension. The potassium concentrations were 10-fold higher in saliva compared with plasma, whereas sodium concentrations exhibited the reverse relation between saliva and blood. There were no significant correlations between the levels of sodium, potassium, or calcium in saliva and plasma. All salivary electrolytes, except sodium, were significantly associated with age. In age-adjusted analyses, salivary potassium was significantly associated with carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and these associations were at the limit of significance in multivariate analyses including prevalent cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Body mass index was a significant confounder for salivary potassium. Salivary phosphate was significantly associated with cIMT in the multivariate analysis. Salivary potassium, calcium, and phosphate levels were significantly associated with heart rate in the univariate age-adjusted as well as in two different multivariate models, whereas no significant associations between sodium and heart rate were observed. In conclusion, the differential association of salivary electrolytes with cardiovascular phenotypes indicates that these electrolytes should be further studied for their predictive value as noninvasive biomarkers for cardiovascular risk evaluation.

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Balavenkataperumal R, Vinoth Kumar.V, Rajkumar.G, Udhayabanu .R e Jeyasingh.T. "Estimation of Time Since Death by Potassium ion Level in the Vitreous Fluids: A Postmoterm Study in a Tertiary Care Center, South India". Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 18, n.º 1 (18 de janeiro de 2024): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/17jpph73.

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Background: It is of great value to find time since death in the medicolegal investigations like serious crimes.Vitreous humor was more often used for the biochemical analysis as it is less contaminated or not affected by the putrefactive changes than other fluids of the body. It was stated by many researchers that potassium levels in the vitreous humour is more accurate in predicting time since death.Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the time since death using potassium level in the vitreous humorMethodology: This study includes 54 cases of victims brought to the tertiary care hospital based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cases with known time of death and with clear vitreous humor samples were included. Baseline characteristics like name, age, gender, exact time since death was collected. Vitreoushumor was collected through appropriate standardized technique. Sampling time was also noted. The collected data was entered in MS excel and analysis done in SPSS 23 software. P value <0.05 is considered to be significant.Results: Majority of the study participants belongs to 57-67 years of age group (28%) followed by 27-37 years of age (22%).Male predominance was observed in our study 41(76%). There is a linear correlation found between the vitreous potassium concentration and the postmortem interval (R2=0.907). The rate of the vitreous potassium increase was 0.36 meq/hr (Coefficient of regression =2.76 meq/l/hr)Conclusion: There is a linear relationship found between vitreous potassium concentration and time since death.Thus potassium in the vitreous can be used for assessing the time since death.

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Kamalakhin, V. Е., N. N. Ivanova e V. I. Kargin. "INFLUENCE OF TIME OF BIO - AND HUMIC FERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING CROPS MULTI-ROW BARLEY". Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy, n.º 2 (50) (8 de junho de 2020): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2020-2-36-41.

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This article presents the results of research of the influence of bio-and humic preparations on the productivity of spring multi-row barley. It was concluded that they have an effective influence on plants. Studies have shown that when processing crops with potassium HUMATE in the tillering phase and entering the tube, the largest numbers of barley plants were preserved for harvesting and a higher productive bushiness compared to the control was observed. The third use of the preparation slightly reduced studied indicators. It was also established that, on average, for 3 years of research, the use of potassium HUMATE in the tillering phases, entering the tube and earning contributed to a significant increase in the number of grains in the ear and the mass of 1000 seeds. The research results indicate that the yield of spring multi-row barley of Vakula variety significantly changed according to experiment varieties. The maximum increase was provided by three-time treatment of crops with potassium HUMATE. After conducting a correlation and regression analysis, it can be concluded that the yield of spring barley was equally dependent on the elements of productivity. There was a close positive relationship. Consequently, the productivity of spring multirow barley plants is significantly influenced by bio-and humic preparations.

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Jin, T. "Photocontrol of ion transport of sodium and potassium ions across a lipid bilayer using photoresponsive synthetic carriers". Seibutsu Butsuri 41, supplement (2001): S216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.41.s216_1.

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Dhillon, Jasvinder, Suneel Chhatre, Rishi Shanker e N. Shivaraman. "Transformation of aliphatic and aromatic nitriles by a nitrilase from Pseudomonas sp." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, n.º 10 (1 de outubro de 1999): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-087.

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A Pseudomonas sp. (S1) isolated from a garden soil possessed a unique nitrilase, which is capable of catalyzing the direct hydrolysis of both potassium and organic cyanides to their corresponding carboxylic acids and ammonia, without the formation of amide as an intermediate. The nitrilase was purified with 4.8% recovery in three steps from a cell extract of the strain. The relative mobility of the homogenous enzyme preparation in SDS and native polyacrylamide gels indicated molecular weight of 41 kDa, approximately. Pseudomonas sp. (S1) utilized all the nitriles as carbon and nitrogen sources. The enzyme was induced by both aliphatic and aromatic nitriles, while the aliphatic olefinic nitrile - acrylonitrile was the most suitable substrate. The nitrilase also catalyzed the hydrolysis of acetonitrile, adiponitrile, benzonitrile, butyronitrile, glutaronitrile, phenylacetonitrile, succinodinitrile, and potassium cyanide, with the formation of ammonia and the corresponding carboxylic acids. The Michaelis-Menten constant, Km, of the partially purified nitrilase for acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, adiponitrile, benzonitrile, and potassium cyanide presented values of 11.26, 5.88, 10.28, 12.27, and 0.75 mM, respectively.Key words: nitriles, enzyme kinetics, nitrilase, partial purification, Pseudomonas sp.

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Suzuki, H., A. Hishida, K. Ohishi, M. Kimura e N. Honda. "Role of hormonal factors in plasma K alterations in acute respiratory and metabolic alkalosis in dogs". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 258, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 1990): F305—F310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1990.258.2.f305.

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Studies were performed on previously nephrectomized dogs to examine roles of hormonal factors in plasma potassium alterations in acute alkalosis. Respiratory and metabolic alkalosis were induced by hyperventilation and intravenous NaHCO3 or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) infusion, respectively. Respiratory and NaHCO3-induced alkalosis provoked decreases in plasma potassium from the control value of 5.12 +/- 0.68 (SE) to 4.21 +/- 0.55 meq/l (P less than 0.01) and from 4.65 +/- 0.26 to 3.91 +/- 0.16 meq/l (P less than 0.01) within 180 min, respectively. In contrast, Tris-induced alkalosis elicited an increase in plasma potassium from the control value of 4.56 +/- 0.30 to 5.31 +/- 0.30 meq/l (P less than 0.01). Hypokalemia in respiratory alkalosis was associated with a decrease in the plasma norepinephrine concentration from the control level of 377 +/- 104 to 155 +/- 41 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) but not with changes in plasma levels of epinephrine, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, and aldosterone. However, this hypokalemia was not affected by phentolamine. Also, somatostatin did not modify the hypokalemic response. NaHCO3-induced hypokalemia was associated with a decline in the plasma aldosterone and norepinephrine concentrations. The decline in plasma norepinephrine in NaHCO3-induced alkalosis followed the decrease in plasma potassium. In Tris-induced alkalosis, plasma insulin increased but norepinephrine decreased. The findings do not suggest fundamental roles of the hormonal factors in the plasma potassium alterations in bilaterally nephrectomized dogs with acute alkalosis.

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Smith, Ryan C., Marisa C. McClure, Margaret A. Smith, Peter W. Abel e Michael E. Bradley. "The role of voltage-gated potassium channels in the regulation of mouse uterine contractility". Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 5, n.º 1 (2007): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-5-41.

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Pal, Y., R. J. Gilkes e M. T. F. Wong. "The forms of potassium and potassium adsorption in some virgin soils from south-western Australia". Soil Research 37, n.º 4 (1999): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr98083.

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This investigation was undertaken to determine the potassium (K) status and adsorption behaviour of 227 samples from horizons of 41 representative virgin soil profiles, extending from Geraldton in the north to the Great Southern district of Western Australia. X-ray diffraction analysis of random powder of whole soil indicated that quartz is the dominant mineral and some soils contain significant amounts of feldspars. Clay mineralogy is dominated by kaolinite but minor quantities of illite are present in some soils. Most south-west Australian agricultural soils contain little available K: NaHCO3-extractable K (NaHCO3-K, median value 0·09 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 35 mg K/kg soil), HNO3-extractable K (HNO3-K, median value 0·30 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 117 mg K/kg soil), and total K (XRF determined K, median value, 17 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 6630 mg K/kg soil). The proportion of water-soluble K (H2O-K) ranges from 0 to 3·5% of total K, 0 to 76% of HNO3-K, and 0 to nearly 100% of exchangeable K. Exchangeable K ranges from 0 to 100% (median value 37%) of HNO3-K. These are relatively high proportions of H2O-K and exchangeable K compared with soils from many other parts of the world. The amounts of all forms of K variously increase or decrease downwards in the soil profile depending on both clay content and mineralogy. The commonly assumed increase in K with clay content alone is invalid. The soils mostly have low-to-moderate values of K sorption capacity, ranging from 5% to 67% (median value 14%) of added K (initially 4·1 mM K/L, equivalent to 4·1 cmol K/kg). otassium sorption isotherms conform well to the Freundlich equation. The inability of the Langmuir equation to describe the data may indicate that there are several types of K sorption sites in these soils. The Gapon coefficient KG varied widely from 0·04 to 29·8 (L/mol) ½ [median value 5·4 (L/mol) ½ ].

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Tian, Hao, Zhongxiang Zhou, Dewei Gong, Haifeng Wang, Dajun Liu e Chunfeng Hou. "Enhanced photorefractive properties of paraelectric potassium–lithium–tantalate–niobate by manganese doping". Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 41, n.º 9 (7 de abril de 2008): 095105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/41/9/095105.

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Selle, R., T. Brixner, T. Bayer, M. Wollenhaupt e T. Baumert. "Modelling of ultrafast coherent strong-field dynamics in potassium with neural networks". Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 41, n.º 7 (26 de março de 2008): 074019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/41/7/074019.

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Peng, Wenju, Lixia Cai, Yani Lu e Yaoyao Zhang. "Preparation of Mn-Co-MCM-41 Molecular Sieve with Thermosensitive Template and Its Degradation Performance for Rhodamine B". Catalysts 13, n.º 6 (9 de junho de 2023): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13060991.

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Rhodamine B (RhB) in dyes is widely used in various industries, but it poses a great threat to the natural environment and human health. In this work, a series of thermosensitive polymer materials, PNxDy, with controllable morphology and particle size were prepared by free radical polymerization using N-isopropylacrylamide and N,N-dimethylacrylamide as monomers. Then, by using PNxDy as a template, bimetallic Mn- and Co-doped MCM-41 molecular sieves with good morphology and properties were prepared by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The effects of a series of thermosensitive templates on the morphology and properties of the Mn-Co-MCM-41 molecular sieve were investigated. The results demonstrated that the Mn-Co-MCM-41 by PN100D4 as a templating agent showed the best mesoporous ordering and the most regular material morphology with 2 nm nanoparticles. In addition, the molecular sieve with the best structure was selected for the RhB degradation experiments. The Mn-Co-MCM-41 with PN100D4 as the template showed regular morphology and uniform pore channels. It was applied as a catalyst for the degradation of RhB by potassium monopersulfate (PMS). The degradation rate of RhB could reach 98% with a 20 min reaction by Mn-Co-MCM-41 (PN100D4). Meanwhile, the degradation rate could be maintained at 91% after being reused six times. The bimetallic-doped Mn-Co-MCM-41 molecular sieves prepared using the thermosensitive material PN100D4 as a template have good catalytic performance and can be effectively reused.

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Magdolna Tállai. "Comparative examination of a mineral fertiliser and a bacterial fertilizer on humic sandy soil". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n.º 41 (15 de dezembro de 2010): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/41/2690.

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In our pot experiment, the impact of a bacterial fertilizer, Bactofil® A10 and a mineral fertilizer Ca(NO3)2 applied in different rates was studied on some soil chemical and microbiological characteristics of a humic sandy soil (Pallag). Perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne L.) was used as a test-plant. Samples were collected four and eight weeks after sowing in each year. The experiment was set up in 2007-2009 in the greenhouse ofthe UD CASE Department of Agrochemistry and Soil Science. The available (AL-extractable) nutrient contents of soil, among the microbial parameters the total number of bacteria, the number of microscopic fungi, cellulose-decomposing and nitrifying bacteria, the sacharase and urease enzyme activity, as well as the soil respiration rate were measured.Statistical analyses were made by means of the measurements deviation, LSD values at the P=0.05 level and correlation coefficients were calculated. Results of our experiment were summarised as follows:− The readily available nutrient content of humic sandy soil increased as affected by the treatments, in case of the available (AL-extractable) phosphorus and potassium content the higher value was measured in high-dosage artificial fertilizer treatment.− The treatments had also positive effect on several soil microbial parameters studied. The higher-dosage mineral fertilizer treatments had a beneficial effect on the total number of bacteria, cellulose-decomposing and nitrifying bacteria. No significant differences were obtained between the effect of treatment in case of the total-number of bacteria, the number of microscopic fungi and nitrifying bacteria.− On the sacharase enzyme activity the artificial fertiliser treatments proved to be unambiguously stimulating, the urease activity significantly increased on the effect of the lower-dosage Ca(NO3)2 artificial fertilizer treatment. − The soil respiration increased in all treatments in related to the amounts applied, significantly increased in the highest rate of Ca(NO3)2 fertilizer addition. − Some medium and tight positive correlations were observed between the soil chemical and microbiological parameters studied in case of both nutrient sources. Summarizing our results, it was established that the organic and all the mineral fertilizer treatments had beneficial effects on the major soil characteristics from the aspect of nutrient supply. In majority of the examined soil parameters (AL-extractable phosphorus- and potassium, total number of bacteria, number of cellulose-decomposing and nitrifying bacteria, activity of sacharase enzyme) the high rate of Ca(NO3)2 mineral fertilizer treatment proved to be more stimulating, but at the same time the high rate bacterium fertilizer resulted in significant increases inthe nitrate-N content, the AL-potassium content of soil, the total number of bacteria, the number of cellulose-decomposing and nitrifying bacteria and the urease enyme activity. Our examinations showed that the mineral fertilizer treatments proved to be more stimulating on most of the soil parameters studied but according to our results, it was established that Bactofil is efficiently applicable in the maintenance of soil fertility and the combined application ofmineral fertilizer and bacterium fertilizer may be a favourable opportunity – also in aspect of the environmental protection – in maintaining soil fertility.

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Lipton, Richard B., Brian Grosberg, Richard P. Singer, Starr H. Pearlman, James V. Sorrentino, John N. Quiring e Joel R. Saper. "Efficacy and tolerability of a new powdered formulation of diclofenac potassium for oral solution for the acute treatment of migraine: Results from the International Migraine Pain Assessment Clinical Trial (IMPACT)". Cephalalgia 30, n.º 11 (7 de abril de 2010): 1336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102410367523.

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Objective: This study assessed the efficacy of diclofenac potassium for oral solution, a novel water-soluble buffered powder formulation, versus placebo for the acute treatment of migraine. Diclofenac potassium for oral solution has a time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of 15 minutes, suggesting the potential for a rapid onset of therapeutic effects. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study conducted in 23 US centers. Adult sufferers with an established migraine diagnosis according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition (ICHD-II), treated one moderate or severe attack with 50 mg diclofenac potassium for oral solution (dissolved in approximately 2 ounces of water; N = 343) or matching placebo ( N = 347). Four co-primary endpoints included the percentage of subjects who at two hours post-treatment reported no headache pain, no nausea, no photophobia and/or no phonophobia. Results: Significantly more subjects treated with diclofenac potassium for oral solution ( N = 343) achieved a two-hour pain-free response (25% vs. 10%, p < .001), no nausea (65% vs. 53%; p = .002), no photophobia (41% vs. 27%; p < .001) and no phonophobia (44% vs. 27%; p < .001) compared to placebo. Pain intensity differences between treatments were significantly lower in the diclofenac potassium oral solution group, starting at 30 minutes post-treatment ( p = .013) with significant differences at all time points thereafter ( p < .001). Twenty-four-hour sustained pain-free response favored diclofenac potassium oral solution treatment versus placebo (19% vs. 7%, p < .0001). The most common adverse event considered to be treatment related was nausea (diclofenac potassium for oral solution [4.6%]; placebo [4.3%]). Conclusions: This study shows that this formulation of diclofenac potassium for oral solution is effective in reducing pain intensity within 30 minutes, which may be related to the 15-minute Tmax associated with this formulation. The rapid-onset benefits were sustained through 24 hours post-treatment.

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Kushartono, Hari, Antonius H. Pudjiadi, Susetyo Harry Purwanto, Imral Chair, Darlan Darwis e Abdul Latief. "Hyperlactacemia in critically ill children: comparison of traditional and Fencl-Stewart methods". Paediatrica Indonesiana 47, n.º 1 (28 de fevereiro de 2007): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi47.1.2007.35-41.

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Background Base excess is a single variable used to quantifymetabolic component of acid base status. Several researches havecombined the traditional base excess method with the Stewartmethod for acid base physiology called as Fencl-Stewart method.Objective The purpose of the study was to compare two differentmethods in identifying hyperlactacemia in pediatric patients withcritical illness.Methods The study was performed on 43 patients admitted tothe pediatric intensive care unit of Cipto MangunkusumoHospital, Jakarta. Sodium, potassium, chloride, albumin, lactateand arterial blood gases were measured. All samples were takenfrom artery of all patients. Lactate level of >2 mEq/L was definedas abnormal. Standard base excess (SBE) was calculated fromthe standard bicarbonate derived from Henderson-Hasselbalchequation and reported on the blood gas analyzer. Base excessunmeasured anions (BE UA ) was calculated using the Fencl-Stewartmethod simplified by Story (2003). Correlation between lactatelevels in traditional and Fencl-Stewart methods were measuredby Pearson’s correlation coefficient .Results Elevated lactate levels were found in 24 (55.8%) patients.Lactate levels was more strongly correlated with BE UA (r = - 0.742,P<0.01) than with SBE (r = - 0.516, P<0.01).Conclusion Fencl-Stewart method is better than traditionalmethod in identifying patients with elevated lactate levels, so theFencl-Stewart method is suggested to use in clinical practice.

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Massett, Michael P., Stephen J. Lewis, James N. Bates e Kevin C. Kregel. "Effect of heating on vascular reactivity in rat mesenteric arteries". Journal of Applied Physiology 85, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 1998): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.2.701.

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Vasoconstriction in the viscera is one of the primary cardiovascular adjustments to heating. Local temperature can influence vascular responsiveness to catecholamines and sympathetic nerve activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that heating would alter vascular reactivity in rat mesenteric arteries. Concentration-response curves to norepinephrine, phenylephrine, potassium chloride (KCl), calcium, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside were obtained in vascular ring segments from rat mesenteric arteries at 37 and 41°C. In some rings, basal tension increased slightly during heating. Heating to 41°C did not alter the contractile responses to norepinephrine in endothelium-intact or -denuded rings but augmented the responses to KCl and calcium in endothelium-intact rings. The potentiating effect of heating on the responses to KCl and calcium was eliminated after endothelium removal. In contrast, the relaxant responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were significantly attenuated at 41°C. Collectively, these results demonstrate that heating alters vascular reactivity in rat mesenteric arteries. Furthermore, these data imply that heating reduces the ability of vascular smooth muscle to relax, possibly due to a decrease in sensitivity to nitric oxide.

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