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1
Education reform: A critical and post-structural approach. Buckingham [England]: Open University Press, 1994.
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Dyker, David A., e Slavo Radosevic, eds. Innovation and Structural Change in Post-Socialist Countries: A Quantitative Approach. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4463-6.
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Popp, Stephan. Muhammad Iqbal's romanticism of power: A post-structural approach to his Persian lyrical poetry. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 2004.
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Alexander, David, Colin Henry Davidson, Andrew Fox, Cassidy Johnson e Gonzalo Lizzaralde, eds. Post-Disaster Reconstruction: Meeting Stakeholder Interests. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-611-2.
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This book collects together 46 papers presented at the Third Biennial Conference of i-Rec, International Group for the Diffusion of Research and Information on Post-Disaster Reconstruction. The various sections of the book cover the technical and administrative aspects of housing and other buildings after disaster. The approach to post-disaster shelter and reconstruction exemplified by this volume is fully interdisciplinary. A very wide range of perspectives is covered, including the disciplines and sub-disciplines of seismic and structural engineering, architecture, applied geography and geology, environmental psychology, paediatrics, development studies, economics, medicine and public health, management studies and political science. The volume is also intended to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the floods that severely damaged Florence in 1966 and did terrible damage to priceless art treasures.
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Dyker, David A. Innovation and Structural Change in Post-Socialist Countries: A Quantitative Approach. Ingramcontent, 2012.
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A, Dyker David, e Radošević Slavo 1955-, eds. Innovation and structural change in post-socialist countries: A quantitative approach. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1999.
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7
Ratna, Kapur. Part VII Rights—Substance and Content, Ch.41 Gender Equality. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704898.003.0041.
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This chapter examines gender equality in post-colonial India, particularly some of the structural and normative factors that make it difficult for women to bring constitutional challenges in their fight for greater equality. It considers efforts at using law, especially constitutional equality rights, to challenge laws promoting sex discrimination in India, along with the use of fundamental rights to equality as guaranteed by Articles 14, 15, and 16 of the Indian Constitution to challenge legal rules and provisions believed to discriminate against women. The chapter describes two different approaches to equality and gender difference through which the constitutional guarantees can be understood: a formal approach and a substantive approach. It then explores how familial ideology has influenced the judiciary’s approach to gender difference and provides examples to illustrate the impact of fundamental rights challenges on the very familial and legal discourses that have constituted women as different and subordinate.
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Berry, Craig, e Scott Lavery. Towards a Political Economy of Depoliticization Strategies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748977.003.0011.
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This chapter argues that the literature on depoliticization tends to overlook the structural context within which depoliticization processes take place and, in particular, the way in which depoliticization strategies are embedded within distinctively capitalist forms of social organization. Too often, analysis focuses on categorizing different ‘types’ of depoliticization processes or outcomes, while neglecting to examine how depoliticization strategies are used as a discursive tool for embedding or shoring up dominant models of economic growth. The chapter seeks to resituate depoliticization in the political economy framework developed originally by Peter Burnham, while acknowledging that Burnham’s reductionist approach to institutions has paradoxically encouraged subsequent scholars to largely ignore structural context in characterizing instances of depoliticization. The chapter offers a preliminary application of an alternative political economy approach by examining macroeconomic policymaking in the post-crisis period in the United Kingdom, focusing on the Help to Buy scheme and the Office for Budget Responsibility.
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Grzymala‐Busse, Anna, e Pauline Jones Luong. Democratization. Editado por Donald A. Wittman e Barry R. Weingast. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548477.003.0036.
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This article discusses democratization, and looks specifically at its post-Communist implications. It draws upon the experience of post-Communist countries in order to show how structural preconditions allow elite action as much as they limit it. A review and contrast of the formal and informal approaches is provided, followed by a discussion of the post-Communist experience. The article concludes with an evaluation of the success of these approaches in explaining the variation in democratization outcomes.
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Cowan, Brian. Making Publics and Making Novels. Editado por Alan Downie. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566747.013.002.
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The two most influential works for the study of eighteenth-century literary culture in the last half-century must surely be Ian Watt’s The Rise of the Novel (1957) and Jürgen Habermas’s The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (1962). This essay discusses the influence of both Watt and Habermas on studies of the novel and the public sphere, and it explores the reasons for the endurance of their arguments despite decades of substantial criticism devoted to their interpretative shortcomings. It also explains the emergence of a post-Habermasian approach to the history of public-making in response to these criticisms. It concludes by discussing how recent post-Habermasian studies of news culture and political partisanship may illuminate the history of the origins of the English novel.
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Speyer, Augustin, e Helmut Weiß. The prefield after the Old High German period. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0005.
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The filling of the prefield in Modern German is determined by information-structural constraints such as scene-setting, contrastiveness, and topichood. While OHG does not yet show competition between these constraints, competition arises from MHG onward. This has to do with the generalization of the V2 constraint (i.e. the one-constituent property of the prefield) for declarative clauses, in which context the information-structural constraints are loosened. The syntactic change whose result eventually was the loss of multiple XP fronting comprised a change of the feature endowment of C because the fronting of expletive thô (roughly in the OHG of the ninth century) led to the reanalysis of XP fronting as a semantically vacuous movement whose only function is to check the EPP feature of C. Data from doubly filled prefields in ENHG and post-initial connectives indicate that an articulated split CP-structure, as proposed within the cartographic approach, is also at play in German.
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Rizzo, Matteo. Taken for a Ride. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794240.003.0001.
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The chapter starts by describing public transport in Dar es Salaam as ‘functional chaos’. It then critically reviews two thematic literatures, on African cities and on their informal economies, to reveal that references to chaos, dystopia, and their opposites, order and functionalism, are common. The key argument is that a highly contextual understanding of urban informality and of how African cities work is required to avoid overly deterministic structural accounts and romantic celebration of African agency without due attention to structural constraints. The chapter presents the book’s approach: namely a political-economy analysis, centred on class analysis and wary of automatically reading off the political interests of actors from their class position. It argues that neoliberalism and post-socialism are key to understanding Tanzania and public transport in Dar es Salaam, and calls for grounding ‘actually existing neoliberalism’ in a particular context while retaining the analytical power of the concept of neoliberalism.
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Sumner, Andy. Arrested Development? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792369.003.0006.
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In this chapter, we discuss the third wave of developmentalism in South East Asia, which was a post-Lewis transition or even a ‘premature’ deindustrialization. There was a divergence across Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand in terms of managing Kuznetsian forces. The period begins with the crisis of the second wave of structural transformation and capital accumulation in the late 1990s. We identify the next incarnation of developmentalism in a nascent, new developmentalism and the ascendancy of Polanyi’s regulator or handmaiden, in the form of state intervention in the economy and a less liberal approach to international capital. The period has also been one of emerging democratic and popular political forces.
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Puranam, Phanish. The Microstructure of Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672363.001.0001.
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This book synthesizes a decade of research by the author into fundamental issues in organization design. The result is a novel micro-structural perspective on organizations, which aims to both expand and narrow current thinking. The new perspective takes an expansive view on the kinds of phenomena that can be studied in terms of organization design- such as cross–functional teams, strategic partnerships, buyer-supplier relations, alliance networks, mega-projects, post-merger integration, business groups, open source communities, and crowdsourcing, besides traditional concerns with bureaucratic organizations. At the same time, this approach narrows focus by abstracting away from the variety and complexity of organizations to a few fundamental and universal problems of organizing (that relate to how they aggregate their members’ efforts), as well as a few reusable building blocks microstructures (which capture common patterns of interaction between members of an organization). The microstructural approach to organizations will be of interest to researchers and PhD students in management, organization science, and strategy
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Roger, Mccormick, e Stears Chris. Part IV Regulatory and Other Developments in the UK 2010‒2016, 15 Individual Accountability. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198749271.003.0016.
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A defining characteristic of post-financial crisis regulatory reforms is the focus on reinforcing individual accountability. The reforms aim to bridge a perceived ‘evidentiary gap’ in situations where there is a case for placing personal responsibility on individuals within financial institutions in relation to misconduct manifested within their area of responsibility, but due to the structural and operational complexities of the institution, an enforcement action/prosecution is not likely to succeed. This chapter summarises the most salient of ‘individual accountability’-focused reforms, either under consideration or fully/partially implemented. This includes a new, enhanced, framework for the assessment of individuals’ fitness and propriety and the internal (and/or regulatory) approval of them to perform certain roles; subtle changes to the enforcement approach of the Financial Conduct Authority; the introduction of new criminal offences for misconduct in senior office and the facilitation of financial crimes; and the reinforcement of whistleblowing procedures within firms.
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Small, Will, e Ryan McNeil. Understanding the Risk Environment Surrounding Drug Use in Prisons. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374847.003.0011.
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Qualitative research is uniquely positioned to advance understanding of the role of social and structural factors in shaping drug use and drug-related harms in prison settings and following release. This chapter critically reviews the qualitative literature examining drug use within the prison risk environment and following release, while identifying research gaps and directions for future inquiry. The extant literature has documented: (1) how drug use in prisons is shaped by which drugs are available, their pharmacological effects, and correctional policies; (2) how injection-related risk and syringe sharing are shaped by social and structural forces within prisons (including policies restricting syringe access) which increase the potential for drug-related harm; (3) how withdrawal and detoxification experiences in custody both foster participation in high-risk injecting practices (eg, syringe-sharing) and facilitate injection cessation and drug abstinence; (4) how inmates and staff view prison-based methadone maintenance therapy, the experiences of those receiving treatment, and barriers to scaling up methadone programs; and, (5) how transitions from prison to community shape health access, harms, and drug use patterns. By documenting prisoners’ drug-related experiences, and situating these experiences within their social, structural, and environmental contexts, these studies have generated insights beyond what is possible using other research approaches. In doing so, they have identified features of prison and post-release risk environments amenable to modification. There is an urgent need to scale up qualitative studies of prison and post-release risk environments, to better inform targeted public health interventions. Emerging interventions, including prison-based syringe exchange, should similarly be examined using qualitative approaches to more fully document their potential impacts on drug-related risks and harms.
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Blühdorn, Ingulfor. Sustainability— Post-sustainability— Unsustainability. Editado por Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer e David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.39.
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Sustainability and sustainable development have become hegemonic frames shaping the ways in which national governments and international bodies conceptualize eco-political issues and devise related policy agendas. Yet, a consensus is emerging that this mainstream approach is unable to deliver the kind of structural change that is required if serious social conflicts and ecological collapse are to be prevented. This contribution explores why the paradigm of sustainability is widely perceived to have failed and why it, nevertheless, retains its hegemonic status. Aiming to supplement well-known explanations in terms of power-relations and denial, the chapter investigates how a shift in prevalent norms of subjectivity and identity has facilitated the metamorphosis of the sustainability agenda into the prevailing politics of unsustainability—which, rather than being exhausted, very effectively addresses the particular needs of liberal consumer societies.
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Hohendahl, Peter Uwe. Perilous Futures. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501726545.001.0001.
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The book re-examines Carl Schmitt’s late work, which until fairly recently received less attention because of its seemingly non-systematic nature. The study focuses on Schmitt’s major post-war publications, among them The Nomos of the Earth, Theory of the Partisan, Political Theology II as well as his diaries. It emphasizes formal and structural aspects, deliberately resisting a systematic approach, focusing instead on tensions and contradictions within Schmitt’s writings. The book explores Schmitt’s shift from a German nationalist position to a defence of an imperial European tradition, leading up to an international agenda that modifies Schmitt’s older position without giving up conceptual and theoretical continuities. Because of these modifications--that is the thesis of the study--Schmitt’s late work could gain international attention after the fall of the Berlin Wall, since it resonates with greater global instability and increasing doubts about the viability of international liberalism. Finally, Schmitt’s wide but controversial reception, both on the political Right and the Left, becomes the object of scrutiny against the backdrop of Schmitt’s precarious biographical situation and the global political development after World War II. It is the tension between this specific historical context and the later international appropriation that motivates and energizes this study. It aims at a critique of recent Schmitt enthusiasm.
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Gentry, Caron. Disordered Violence. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424806.001.0001.
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Disordered Violence argues that neither mainstream nor critical Terrorism Studies scholarship goes far enough in interrogating the structures that determine how terrorism is understood and therefore countered. As an alternative, this book demonstrates that gender, racial, and heteronormative structures that determine hierarchies between states and non-states, forms of violence, and different people are behind how the West approaches terrorism. Drawing upon an intersectional and post-structural feminist critique, Disordered Violence interrogates the persistence of the ‘definition debate’ within Terrorism Studies, arguing that it will never be resolved until a better grasp of gender, race, and heteronormativity are achieved. The empirical chapters look at how these structures work in the profiles of different known ‘terrorists;’ makes a clear connection between the discourse of radicalisation and the racialisation of violence and rationality; and introduces the concept of misogynistic terrorism.
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Bloxham, Donald, e A. Dirk Moses, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies subjects both genocide and the discipline it has spawned to systematic, in-depth investigation. Genocide has scarred human societies since Antiquity. In the modern era, genocide has been a global phenomenon: from massacres in colonial America, Africa, and Australia to the Holocaust of European Jewry and mass death in Maoist China. In recent years, the discipline of genocide studies has developed to offer analysis and comprehension. Thirty-four articles chart genocide through the ages by taking regional, thematic, and disciplinary-specific approaches. Articles examine secessionist and political genocides in modern Asia. Others treat the violent dynamics of European colonialism in Africa, the complex ethnic geography of the Great Lakes region, and the structural instability of the continent's northern horn. South and North America receive detailed coverage, as do the Ottoman Empire, Nazi-occupied Europe, and post-communist Eastern Europe. Sustained attention is paid to themes like gender, memory, the state, culture, ethnic cleansing, military intervention, the United Nations, and prosecutions.
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James, Scott, e Lucia Quaglia. The UK and Multi-level Financial Regulation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828952.001.0001.
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The book examines the role of the United Kingdom (UK) in shaping post-crisis financial regulatory reform, and assesses the implications of the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union (EU). It develops a domestic political economy approach to examine how the interaction of three domestic groups—elected officials, financial regulators, and the financial industry—shaped UK preferences, strategy, and influence in international and EU-level regulatory negotiations. The framework is applied to five case studies: bank capital and liquidity requirements; bank recovery and resolution rules; bank structural reforms; hedge fund regulation; and the regulation of over-the-counter derivatives. We conclude by reflecting on the future of UK financial regulation after Brexit. The book argues that UK regulators pursued more stringent regulation when they had strong political support to resist financial industry lobbying. UK regulators promoted international harmonization of rules when this protected the competitiveness of industry or enabled cross-border externalities to be managed more effectively, but were often more resistant to new EU rules when these threatened UK interests. Consequently, the UK was more successful at shaping international standards by leveraging its market power, regulatory capacity, and alliance-building (with the US). But it often met with greater political resistance at the EU level, forcing it to use legal challenges to block reform or secure exemptions. The book concludes that political and regulatory pressure was pivotal in defining the UK’s ‘hard’ Brexit position, and so the future UK–EU relationship in finance will most likely be based on a framework of regulatory equivalence.
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Peacock, Linzi, e Rachel Hignett. Acquired heart disease. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0041.
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Heart disease in pregnancy is a leading cause of maternal death worldwide. In the United Kingdom and United States, heart disease in pregnancy is the commonest cause of maternal death. In Europe, over 1% of maternal deaths are attributable to structural heart disease. In addition, heart disease in pregnancy is a significant cause of severe maternal and fetal morbidity. Whilst the vast majority of women with heart disease in pregnancy have underlying congenital heart disease, most maternal deaths are due to acquired heart disease (AHD). As the risk factors for AHD become ever more prevalent, the expectation is that disease burden from AHD in pregnancy will also increase. Women with AHD benefit from preconception or early assessment in pregnancy by a multidisciplinary team including obstetricians, cardiologists, and obstetric anaesthetists. Risk assessment using the modified World Health Organization classification of cardiac disease in pregnancy will inform frequency of review in pregnancy. A detailed plan for delivery should be agreed in the third trimester. Where possible, a vaginal delivery is advised: caesarean delivery is reserved for women with obstetric indications or with specific severe underlying cardiac conditions. Slow incremental epidural analgesia is usually recommended to reduce the cardiorespiratory work of labour and an assisted second-stage delivery will limit exertion due to pushing. Neuraxial anaesthesia for operative delivery is becoming a more familiar approach and techniques such as low-dose spinal component combined spinal–epidural or slow incremental epidural top-up maximize haemodynamic stability. Invasive monitoring is often beneficial. Post-delivery care is safely delivered in a high dependency or intensive therapy setting. This chapter looks at the general principles of management of women with AHD, and then examines in detail ischaemic heart disease, arrhythmias, cardiac transplantation, aortic pathology and aortic dissection, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, and infective endocarditis.