Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Population de trous noirs"
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Pierra, Grégoire. "Cosmologie avec les sirènes sombres et populations de binaires de trous noirs avec les ondes gravitationnelles de LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10162.
Texto completo da fonteGravitational waves constitute a new probe for exploring the Universe and studying cosmic phenomena that were previously inaccessible. This thesis is based on gravitational wave data collected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA scientific collaboration detectors. The first part of this work focuses on cosmology with dark sirens, a method that uses binary black hole mergers to measure cosmological distances and infer the value of the Hubble constant, without requiring an electromagnetic counterpart. It also presents ICAROGW, a hierarchical Bayesian inference code that uses gravitational wave data and models describing the astrophysical properties of black holes, such as their masses, distances, and spins, to estimate the Hubble constant. The second part of this study tests in particular the robustness of the dark siren method for cosmology. It explores the impact of binary black hole population parameterization on the estimation of the Hubble constant, especially when certain astrophysical processes are not modelled. The third part focuses on the search and identification of subpopulations of binary black holes in the universe. It examines how different formation channels can influence the intrinsic characteristics of these compact objects, particularly through po- tential correlations between their mass and spin. The existence of these correlations would be indicative of the presence of subpopulations of black holes, such as hierarchical black holes, resulting from previous mergers. Finally, the manuscript concludes with a study on the use of machine learning methods to improve the quality of the Virgo interferometer data and detect the presence of non-Gaussian noises. This work also explores the potential integration of iDQ results into gravitational wave signal detection algorithms, thereby aiming to strengthen the confidence level in these detections
Leygnac, Cédric. "Trous noirs non asymptotiquement plats". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006633.
Texto completo da fonteLeygnac, Cédric Clément Gérard. "Trous noirs non asymptotiquement plats". Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/70/17/PDF/tel-00006633.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteCoriat, Mickaël. "Jets relativistes des trous noirs accrétants". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077257.
Texto completo da fonteMatter ejection processes, more commonly called jets, are among the most ubiquitous phenomena of the universe at ail scales of size and energy and are inseparable from accretion process. This intimate link, still poorly understood, is the main focus of this thesis. Through multi-wavelength observations of X-ray binary Systems hosting a black hole, I will try to bring new constraints on the physics of relativistic jets and the accretion - ejection coupling. We strive first to compare the simultaneous infrared, optical and X-ray emissions of the binary GX 339-4 over a period of five years. We study the nature of the central accretion flow, one of the least understood emission components of X-ray binaries, both in its geometry and in term of the physical processes that take place. This component is fondamental since it is could be the jets launching area or be highly connected to it. Then we focus on the infrared emission of the jets to investigate the physical conditions close to the jets base. We finally study the influence of irradiation of the outer accretion disc by the central X-ray source. Then, we present the results of a long-term radio and X-ray study of the microquasar H1743- 322. This System belongs to a population of accreting black holes that display, for a given X-ray luminosity, a radio emission fainter than expected. We make several assumptions about the physical origin of this phenomenon and show in particular that these sources could have a radiatively efficient central accretion flow. We finally explore the phases of return to the hard state of GX 339-4. We follow the re- emergence of the compact jets emission and try to bring new constraints on the physics of jet formation
Erbin, Harold. "Trous noirs en supergravité N = 2". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066367/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe most general black hole solution of Einstein–Maxwell theory has been discovered by Plebański and Demiański in 1976.This thesis provides several steps towards generalizing this solution by embedding it into N = 2 gauged supergravity.The (bosonic fields of the) latter consists in the metric together with gauge fields and two kinds of scalar fields (vector scalars and hyperscalars); as a consequence finding a general solution is involved and one needs to focus on specific subclasses of solutions or to rely on solution generating algorithms. In the first part of the thesis we approach the problem using the first strategy: we restrict our attention to BPS solutions, relying on a symplectic covariant formalism. First we study the possible Abelian gaugings involving the hyperscalars in order to understand which are the necessary conditions for obtaining N = 2 adS4 vacua and near-horizon geometries associated to the asymptotics of static black holes.A preliminary step is to obtain covariant expressions for the Killing vectors of symmetric special quaternionic-Kähler manifolds. Then we describe a general analytic solutions for 1/4-BPS (extremal) black holes with mass, NUT, dyonic charges and running scalars in N = 2 Fayet–Iliopoulos gauged supergravity with a symmetric very special Kähler manifold. In the second part we provide an extension of the Janis–Newman algorithm to all bosonic fields with spin less than 2, to topological horizons and to other dimensions. This provides all the necessary tools for applying this solution generating algorithm to (un)gauged supergravity, and interesting connections with the N = 2 supergravity theory are unravelled
Gracia, Ruiz Rodrigo. "Search for populations of unresolved sources of high energy neutrinos with the ANTARES neutrino telescope". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC150/document.
Texto completo da fonteAstroparticle physics is a branch of physics related to the study of the most violent astrophysical phenomena in the Universe such as Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) or Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB), which emit different cosmic messengers such as neutrinos, gravitational waves, electromagnetic radiation and charged particles. A proper understanding of these objects involves then a multi-messenger approach, in which neutrinos play a fundamental role. Thanks to their physical properties, neutrinos allow us to explore the physical phenomena produced in the densest astrophysical environments and to observe the Universe at large distances. This thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part is composed by three chapters dedicated to the scientific context in which the rest of the thesis is developed. In the first chapter, the scientific motivations for the search of high energy cosmic neutrinos are described. In chapter 2, a description of the main properties of AGN are given. These sources have been chosen as "test" objects in the research of potential neutrino sources. Finally, the third chapter is dedicated to the detection principle and main results of the currently operating neutrino telescopes. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the technical description of the ANTARES neutrino telescope, and composed of two chapters. Chapter 4 describes the ANTARES telescope, the data acquisition and the data selection. In the last part of this chapter, the work made to measure the efficiency loss of the photomultipliers (PMTs) by using the baseline rates is described. Chapter 5 is dedicated to the Monte Carlo simulations. The different simulation packages used by the ANTARES collaboration are presented, and the different simulated processes are described. A contribution to the official package for the generation of neutrino interactions, relative to the implementation of the propagation and decay of the tau leptons, is described. The third part is dedicated to the search of potential cosmic signals in the events recorded by ANTARES. It comprises four chapters. Chapter 6 is a description of the signal search method, chapter 7 presents the principles of an analysis based on a 2 point correlation function that will be applied in chapter 9 with the purpose of searching for an excess of cosmic neutrinos characterized by an expected spatial distribution which is different from that of atmospheric neutrinos. This method is well suited for the detection of the collective effect produced by populations of weak point-like sources. Chapter 8 describes the simulation of the neutrino flux emitted by AGN. By using the luminosity function for different AGN classes obtained from X-ray observations, and the ANTARES acceptance, neutrinos coming from AGN populations are simulated as a function of two parameters which are related to the number of sources in the population, and to their luminosities. The analysis of these populations with the 2 point correlation function is detailed in chapter 9
Malzac, Julien. "A la lumière des trous noirs - Disques d'accrétion, couronnes et jets dans l'environnement des trous noirs accrétants". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00332415.
Texto completo da fonteGoldwurm, Andrea. "EMISSION DE HAUTE ENERGIE DES TROUS NOIRS GALACTIQUES". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00150144.
Texto completo da fonteTout d'abord, grâce aux données gamma récoltées avec SIGMA et INTEGRAL, j'ai pu réaliser un programme d'études sur les systèmes binaires serrées, où un trou noir de masse stellaire accréte de la matière de l'étoile compagnon donnant lieu à de l'émission X/gamma. Le
résultat majeur de ce travail a été la découverte d'une structure spectrale d'émission de haute énergie dans la nova X de la constellation de la Mouche. Je décris aussi plusieurs autres résultats obtenus grâce aux données gamma, couplés à des données X d'autres observatoires, sur 13 sources transitoires (novas X) et 3 sources persistantes à trou noir que j'ai pu étudier dans la gamme entre 1 et 1000 keV.
J'ai aussi développé un vaste programme scientifique concernant l'étude de l'émission de haute énergie du trou noir supermassif du centre de la Galaxie. Grâce au balayage profond effectué avec SIGMA j'ai d'abord établi des limites supérieures contraignantes à l'émission gamma de cet objet. Ce résultat a conduit au développement de nouveaux modèles décrivant les processus d'accrétion dans les trous noirs. Ensuite, j'ai découvert des sursauts X en provenance du trou noir
central avec des données de l'observatoire XMM-Newton et plus récemment une source INTEGRAL qui coïncide avec le centre de la Galaxie. Je discute ces résultats dans le cadre de la physique du centre galactique et des processus d'accrétion et éjection dans les trous noirs.
Je présente enfin mon programme de recherche pour les années à venir, qui voit en première ligne mon implication dans un projet d'astronomie spatiale des hautes énergies, SIMBOL-X. Ce projet prévoie, par le moyen de deux satellites en formation, d'étendre la technique de focalisation par incidence rasante aux rayons X durs afin d'étudier les phénomènes non thermiques de notre univers.
Bardoux, Yannis. "Trous noirs dans des théories modifiées de la gravitation". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737357.
Texto completo da fonteSuebsuwong, Thitiwat. "Effets relativistes sur l'émission haute énergie des trous noirs". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00115726.
Texto completo da fonteFrodden, Ernesto. "Sur les propriétés thermodynamiques et quantiques des trous noirs". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4059.
Texto completo da fonteBlack holes are studied from a theoretical point of view. The thermodynamics and quantum properties are addressed from a new perspective. A range of logically connected problems are explored: Starting from the laws of black hole mechanics, going through the Euclidean partition function, to the microscopic quantum granular models.The approach is supported by two guiding principles: What is physically relevant for black hole thermodynamics lays close to the horizon and the quantum geometry of the spacetime is coarse-grained.The first law of black hole mechanics is reviewed from the new quasilocal perspective based on near horizon observers. It turns out that the first law can be reformulated as variations of the area of the horizon. On the same grounds, the semiclassical Euclidean partition function is reviewed from the new quasilocal perspective. The framework reproduces the classic Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the newly introduced quasilocal energy.The quasilocal approach can also be addressed by using Isolated Horizons. The quantization procedures are explored for the rotating Isolated Horizon starting from a symplectic structure analysis, and using the Loop Quantum Gravity Hilbert space. Finally, through a statistical analysis, the macroscopic consequences of the quantum granular model based on the Loop Quantum Gravity approach are studied. Special emphasis is put on the rotating quantum black hole model, however the results are not conclusive as several assumptions should be made on the way. Nevertheless, the perspective is promising as some of the semiclassical results, for instance the entropy, can be reproduced
Filloux, Charline. "Croissance et évolution des trous noirs supermassifs : simulations cosmologiques". Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4107.
Texto completo da fonteThe presence of supermassive black holes in the centers of galaxies seems to be a well established fact and their masses are correlated with properties of their host galaxies. This thesis aim to bring some answers about the origin of these correlations, studying the coeval evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes through cosmological simulations. The galaxy evolution is followed according to the star formation history and corresponding feedback mechanisms. Black holes grow from primordial 100 solar masses seeds that accrete matter mainly through a viscous gaseous disk. Our simulations indicate that the spherical accretion (Hoyle-Bondi accretion) is not efficient enough to produce very massive black holes but seeds are able to grow up to masses of 109 solar masses by accreting through a disk. In this case; the different correlations involving the black hole mass and the velocity dispersion, the stellar mass or the host halo mass are well reproduced. Our work indicates that these relations are strongly affected by the feedback either of supernovae or of black holes themselves. The present simulations indicate that the evolution of the aforementioned relations follow a hierarchical pattern, although some observations seem to suggest that seeds grow faster than their host halos. Finally, we have also investigated the emission of gravitational waves resulting from the capture of compact stars by supermassive black holes or by the coalescence of black holes during a merger of two galaxies
Vasset, Nicolas. "Quelques aspects des horizons de trous noirs en relativité numérique". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077064.
Texto completo da fonteWe present a numerical approach for modelling black hole spacetimes, based on the formalism of quasilocal horizons, The context is a fully constrained formulation of (3+1) Einstein equations in generalized Dirac gauge. After discussing the general aspects of the problem we present a new tool for the numerical study of tensorial and vectorial elliptical equations with the additional constraint of a vanishing divergence, This applies directly to tensor fields related to the metric in Dirac gauge, We present then the mathematical theory of black holes emphasizing on the concept of horizon. The theory of quasilocal (statïonary and dynamical) black hole horizons is then developed. We apply it to the numerical study of stationary black hole spacetimes in Dirac gauge, The case of a single isolated horizon allows to retrieve the Kerr solution without any spatial symmetry assumption (other than asymptotic flatness), and with no prescription for the conformal geometry on the horizon. The development of numerical tools for the geometrical study of the instantaneous horizon allows precise physical diagnostics of the data obtained, We also apply those tools to the study of geometrical inequalities for horizons, linked to the Penrose inequalities and cosmic censorship. We finally present the perspectives of this work in the context of a totally dynamical spacetime, allowing to compute numerically the time evolution of black hole horizons and potentially applying to the study of high density astrophysical core collapse and binary black hole coalescence
Aoudia, Sofiane. "Capture des étoiles par les trous noirs et ondes gravitationnelles". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4103.
Texto completo da fonteCokelaer, Thomas. "Détection d'ondes gravitationnelles émises par les coalescences de trous noirs". Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4005.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis work was carried out under the VIRGO project : a gravitational wave detector. The aim of this work is to use a matched filtering method to detect signal emitted by the coalescence of two black holes. In order to model the signal we make use of the Effective One Body method which allows one to map the signal up to the plunge beyond the spiralling adiabatic phase. We have tested the robustness of the method with respect to the various free parameters which enter into it. The method allows us to make use of the signal’s ambiguity function which plays an important role in the detection theory. From the behaviour of this function we are able to estimate the number of templates that are needed to cover the parameter space. Then form the false alarm rate we have studied the probability of detecting this signal which is buried into the simulated noise of the detector. In this way, we are able to estimate the number of events that are likely to be detected in one year of observations
Gourgoulhon, Eric. "Étoiles à neutrons, étoiles de quarks, trous noirs et ondes gravitationnelles". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004260.
Texto completo da fonteCadolle, Bel Marion. "Etude des émissions à haute énergie des trous noirs stellaires accrétants". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105637.
Texto completo da fonteCadoll-Bel, Marion. "Etude des émissions à haute énergie des trous noirs stellaires accrétants". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077082.
Texto completo da fonteThe present work is dedicated to the study of various X-ray binary Systems harbouring accreting stellar mass black holes (or candidates) associated in X-ray binary Systems mainly through the spectral and timing properties of the high energy 3 keV-1 MeV emission, sometimes completed by observations performed in radio, near-infrared and optical. The first part is devoted to accretion physics phenomena and the challenges of understanding the X-ray/gamma emission produced with the modelisations of such high energy processes. Then I will define in a second part the instruments on board INTEGRAL and the way coded masked aperture is employed. In a third part, I will develop the standard data reduction analysis and my own contribution in improving the usual software before detailing the specific informatics tools I have developed for my own analysis. In the fourth part I will turn towards the deep analysis and interpretations I have performed on several black hole X-ray binary Systems chosen properly: the persistent black hole source Cygnus X-1 which has been studied since several years and surprised us by a high-energy excess detected; two new transient sources which provide interesting informations, XTE J1720-318 located in the galactic bulge and SWIFT J1753. 5-0127, probably situated in the halo. I will also detail my work on H 1743-322, recently identified by INTEGRAL as the HEAO source discovered in 1977, and on three (almost) persistent microquasars with superluminal jets, 1E 1740. 7-2942, GRS 1758-258 and GRS 1915+105. I will analyze for each source spectral parameter evolutions and their links with each other during state transitions. I will then discuss the presence of two different X/gamma-ray emitting media with a relatively changing geometry. While establishing a cyclic order for the different variability classes of GRS 1915+105 observed during ten years, I will propose an interpretation for such behaviour, compatible with the theoretical predictions of the Accretion-Ejection Instability. As a conclusion I will discuss my results in the framework of theoretical models to explain the observations presented and I will derive some caveats to the general (well understood) physical processes occurring in X-ray binary Systems. I will discuss two important phenomena recently observed. I will conclude with my perspectives of future research work
Grandclément, Philippe. "Étude numérique de binaires d'étoiles à neutrons et de trous noirs". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077200.
Texto completo da fonteEuvé, Léo-Paul. "Interactions ondes-courant-obstacle : application à la physique des trous noirs". Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2280/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of the PhD is the observation the Hawking radiation in the laboratory, this astounding prediction of the English astrophysicist Stephen Hawking made in 1974: black holes are not black. In other words, they do not absorb anything within reach but emit a radiation. In addition to the complications of the fact that these celestial objects are thousands of light years away, this radiation is so weak that it would be like trying to hear a whisper in a rock concert. But William Unruh, in 1981, proposed a solution: to use hydrodynamic systems which have the same mathematical equations as in astrophysics. More precisely, in our case, we use the correspondence between the propagation of light in the vicinity of a black hole and surface waves propagation on a inhomogeneous countercurrent (due to the presence of a submerged obstacle). For this, a thorough understanding of the surface waves physics is necessary (variable bathymetry, vorticity, non-linearities ...). On the technical side, a free surface measurement method has been developed and optimized
Ould, El Hadj Mohamed. "Rayonnement des trous noirs en interaction avec des champs bosoniques massifs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CORT0003.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the radiation from black holes interacting with massive bosonic fields (the scalar, Proca and Fierz-Pauli fields). We studied more particularly the influence of resonances spectrum (quasinormal modes or quasibound states) on the response of the black hole to an external perturbation. This work is the first step to highlight new effects in the radiation from supermassive black holes which could allow us to test the various massive gravity theories or to further support Einstein’s general relativity.More precisely:- In order to circumvent the numerous difficulties associated with massive gravity theories and black hole perturbation in this context, we worked at first on a toy model where the graviton field is replaced by a massive scalar field linearly coupled to a particle plunging into the Schwarzschild black hole. We studied the role of the field mass on the structure of the black hole responses and compared our results with those obtained for the massless field. We highlighted unexpected effects due to the mass parameter and in particular the excitation of the quasibound states of the black hole in addition to that of its quasinormal modes as well as the possible vanishing of the waveform when the particle moves on a quasi-circular trajectory.- We also considered the excitation of quasinormal modes of the Schwarzschild black hole because, from an observational point of view, they are supposed to provide a direct proof of the existence of the black holes. We have shown numerically and analytically the presence of a resonant behaviour of the quasinormal excitation factors which, theoretically, could lead to giant and slowly decaying ringings. This behaviour has been highlighted on the Fierz-Pauli field and we have generalized it to the other bosonic fields (the scalar and Proca fields). However, by working on a Cauchy problem, we also showed that, contrary to what occurs for massless fields, the quasinormal ringing cannot be clearly individualized on a waveform and its giant character is in fact neutralized due to the coexistence of two phenomena (i) the excitation of quasibound states which blur the quasinormal contribution and (ii) the evanescent nature of the particular partial modes which could excite the quasinormal modes whose excitation factor has a resonant behaviour
Michel, Yann. "Aspects des trous noirs extrémaux en supergravité et théorie des cordes". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066486.
Texto completo da fonteVivier, Matthieu. "Observations du centre galactique et recherche de signaux exotiques avec H. E. S. S". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112064.
Texto completo da fonteVery high gamma-ray astronomy is a new and young physics field which aims to study the origin of cosmic rays and their acceleration process inside various astrophysical objects such as pulsars, black holes or supernovae remnants. This is also a promising way to search for exotic high energy phenomena and unknown physics. This dissertation deals with three fundamental physics topics closely connected to very high energy gamma-ray astronomy : particle acceleration in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole, primordial black holes evaporation, and indirect searches for dark matter. Each of these topics studied with data collected by the HESS (High Energy Stereoscopic System ) instrument, an imaging Cherenkov array dedicated for the detection of very gamma-rays above 100 GeV. In the first part of the dissertation, we present a rapid overview of the field of very high energy gamma-ray astronomy. A precise description of the HESS detector is then given as well as the data analysis techniques used to derive the results that are subsequently presented. The first subject is related to black hole astrophysics and concerns observations of the Galactic Center region with H. E. S. S. The source of the gamma-ray emission discovered in 2004 toward this region is unindentified. A precise determination of the source energy spectrum and variability with new data is reported here. Results are then compared with models of particle acceleration in the vicinity of Sgr A*, the supermassive black hole located at the dynamical center of the galaxy. In a second subject, the whole data collected with the H. E. S. S. Are used to search for the signature of primordial black hole evaporation through their emission of burst of gamma-rays. Primordial black holes are exotic objects the might have formed in the early stages of the Universe. As the bulk of the gamma-ray emission is likely to originate from a standard astrophysical mechanism, the Galactic Center is not an ideal searches, because they are dominated by dark matter and they are devoid of any astrophysical emission. In the last part of this dissertation we first give an overview of our current knowledge about the dark matter properties. The next chapters are then devoted to the H. E. S. S. Observations of the Canis Major and Sagittarius dwarf sphreroidal galaxies. The data analysis are used to constrain some dark matter models
Van, Elewyck Véronique. "Neutrinos et micro trous noirs: deux tests phénoménologiques des modèles d'univers-membrane". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211215.
Texto completo da fonteIguaz, Juan Joaquim. "Un conte de trous noirs primordiaux : des aspects cosmologiques aux recherches astrophysiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chambéry, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CHAMA023.
Texto completo da fontePrimordial Black Holes (PBHs) can form in the very early universe and can be associated to numerous cosmological and astrophysical signatures. In this thesis we explore the physics related to PBHs since its possible formation at the earliest stages of the universe to the possible signatures of a population of PBHs in our own galaxy. I present here a fascinating story with PBHs as the only and main character and playing the roles of: Dark Matter (DM), coalescing objects detected by LIGO/Virgo, and Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs). After an introduction, the bulk of the thesis is divided into three main chapters organized chronologically: In the first chapter, I discuss the possible formation of PBHs during the preheating phase that immediately follows inflation. In the second chapter, I present a discussion on the implications of early universe phenomena, most notably the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transition and electron-positron annihilation, on the mass distribution of PBHs forming at these epochs; I then analyze the constraints on this scenario from a number of observations: the specific pattern in cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies induced by accretion onto PBHs, CMB spectral distortions, gravitational wave searches, and direct counts of SMBHs at high redshift. Finally, in the last chapter, I study the evaporation of light PBHs via Hawking evaporation and its possible observable signatures on the measured galactic and isotropic gamma ray fluxes. No PBH signal is detected and we set the strongest limit on PBH DM in the mass range under study. A discussion of further research directions concludes the thesis, while technical results are reported in some appendices
Mattei, Alvise. "Rayons cosmiques de très haute énergie : vers une nouvelle astronomie". Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS029.
Texto completo da fonteCosmic rays play an important role in the history of Physics, since more tan a century. Their spectrum extends by more than 10 orders of magnitude. The cosmic background radiation constrains the propagation distance and defines the class of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) which carry energy well beyond the pion production threshold, called cutoff GZK. Several experiments studied the UHECR to understand their nature and origin. The general aspects of this problems are analyzed in a critical flavor. I describe a method for the reconstruction of UHECR trajectories within the local universe, starting from the Galactic Magnetic Field (GMF). My code is able to back-propagate charged particles in a magnetic field. To determine the extragalactic magnetic field, I used a local universe map, taken from the catalog HyperLEDA. To verify the effects of these fields on UHECR trajectories, I back-propagate a beam of 40000 protons, 1 degree wide, towards the direction of Virgo cluster. The mean deviation is 0. 780. And grows up to 1. 30 for a frozen field model. These values are not negligible. I applied the same method to the triple event of AGASA experiment, added of a fourth event from HiRes. Through the plausible sources, I identified NGC3998, an Active Galactic Nucleus, of LINER type, a good candidate for acceleration. Finally, I worked also on a new kind of source: the charged black holes, which can be at the origin of UHECR emission. I sketch the acceleration mechanism and the expected flux, suggesting a correlation with gamma-ray bursts. So I propose a strategy of trajectory reconstruction, which can be improved with the next generation experiments (AUGER, SKA, LOFAR), as well as a new source to be searches through this new kind of astronomy
Düchting, Norbert. "Entropie Schwarzer Löcher in (1+1)-dimensionalen Gravitationstheorien /". Berlin : Logos-verl, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390773206.
Texto completo da fonteCortier, Julien. "Étude mathématique de Trous Noirs et de leurs données initiales en Relativité Générale". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00629802.
Texto completo da fonteRuef, Clément. "Trous noirs en théorie des cordes : vers une compréhension de la gravité quantique". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00518227.
Texto completo da fonteRaffaelli, Bernard. "Analyse semi-classique des phénomènes de résonance et d'absorption par des trous noirs". Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653074.
Texto completo da fonteBouchet, Laurent. "Observations avec le téléscope SIGMA des candidats trous noirs, sources de rayonnement Gamma". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30267.
Texto completo da fonteRaffaelli, Bernard. "Analyse semi-classique des phénomènes de résonance et d’absorption par des trous noirs". Corte, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653074.
Texto completo da fonteBeyond the mathematical definition of a black hole as a solution of Einstein equations in vacuum, there are some observational clues, as pointed out by Kip Thorne, from the first observation of the binary system Cygnus X1 to recent assumptions related to the presence of hypothetical supermassive black holes in the center of various galaxies, concerning their existence in our Universe and consequently encouraging their study. In physics, it is wellknown that in order to obtain information on interactions between fundamental particles, atoms, molecules, etc…, and on the structure of composite objects, we have to make collision experiments or, more precisely, scattering experiments. This is precisely the aim of this work. Indeed, studying how a black hole can interact with its environment, we should obtain fundamental information about those “invisible objects”. This work is also useful to understand the kind of signals one could detect by the future gravitational waves astronomy devices. This thesis is mainly focused on resonance and absorption phenomena by black holes. The originality of this study is about the use of a semiclassical method known as the “complex angular momentum theory”, which brings concepts like S matrix, Regge poles techniques, into high energy black hole physics as suggested implicitly by Chandrasekhar in the middle of the seventies. This approach allows us to have simple and quite intuitive physical interpretations of resonance and absorption phenomena related to the scattering of a scalar, massive or not, field by black holes
Cangemi, Floriane. "Approche multi-diagnostique des émissions de haute énergie des microquasars à trous noirs". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7075.
Texto completo da fonteAccretion-ejection phenomena are seen across the whole Universe, in all wavelenghts and size scales; from the formation of young stars, to active galactic nuclei. Typical timescales are also very different; a few seconds for g-ray bursts to several billion years for stellar formation.In our galaxy, accreting black holes, usually called microquasars, have the advantage of evolving on human timescales: from one day to several weeks. However, the link between accretion and ejection is misundurstanding. The connection between these mechanisms is the aim of my thesis work. In the first part, I study the spectrotemporal changes observed during outbursts. I compare the fast temporal variabilities observed during four outbursts of GX 339–4 to physical parameters from an accretion-ejection model. In this model, the spectral evolution is due to an interplay between two accretion flows: a standard accretion disk in the outer parts and a jet-emitting disk in the inner parts. I highlight the link between the observed variability and the transitional radius between the two accretion flows. In the second part, I use the INTEGRAL satellite which is an ideal instrument to probe the behaviour of these sources at higher energies, typically between 100 keV and 1000 keV. Here, I research a non-thermal emission signature for several sources which have very distinct spectral behaviour. This emission is, hitherto, unconstrained and its origin is widely debated. I detect and characterize this component for several sources and spectral states. I then present results of a polarimetric study performed on the same sources. Polarization from this emission brings crucial and decisive insights into the emission mechanism from this component. I finally discuss about the implication of these results and the potential origin of this emission while comparing properties of the different sources
Cortier, Julien. "Etude mathématique de trous noirs et de leurs données initiales en relativité générale". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20068/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is the mathematical study of families of spacetimes satisfying the Einstein's equations of General Relativity. Two methodsare used in this context.The first part, consisting of the first three chapters of this work,investigates the geometric properties of the Emparan-Reall andPomeransky-Senkov families of 5-dimensional spacetimes. We show that they contain a black-hole region, whose event horizon has non-spherical compact cross sections. We construct an analytic extension, and show its maximality and its uniqueness within a natural class in the Emparan-Reallcase. We further establish the Carter-Penrose diagram for these extensions, and analyse the structure of the ergosurface of the Pomeransky-Senkovspacetimes.The second part focuses on the study of initial data, solutions of theconstraint equations induced by the Einstein's equations. We perform agluing construction between a given family of inital data sets andinitial data of Kerr-Kottler-de Sitter spacetimes, using Corvino'smethod.On the other hand, we construct 3-dimensional asymptotically hyperbolicmetrics which satisfy all the assumptions of the positive mass theorem but the completeness, and which display an energy-momentum vector of arbitry causal type
Sabat, Hanna A. "Comportement spectral des binaires X dans le domaine X et gamma". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30107.
Texto completo da fonteCoupé, Séverine. "Modélisation des régions émissives autour des trous noirs dans les noyaux actifs de galaxies". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10208.
Texto completo da fonteBacon, Philippe. "Graphes d'ondelettes pour la recherche d'ondes gravitationnelles : application aux binaires excentriques de trous noirs". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC113/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn december 2015 the LIGO detectors have first detected a gravitational wave emitted by a pair of coalescing black holes 1.3 billion years ago. Many more observations have been realised since then and heralded gravitational waves as a new messenger in astronomy. The latest detection is the merge of two neutron stars whose electromagnetic counterpart has been followed up by many observatories around the globe. These direct observations have been made possible by the developpement of advanced data analysis techniques. With them the weak gravitational wave inprint in detectors may be recovered. The realised work during this thesis aims at developping an existing gravitational wave detection method which relies on minimal assumptions of the targeted signal. It more precisely consists in introducing an information on the signal phase depending on the astrophysical context. The first part is dedicated to a presentation of the method. The second one presents the results obtained when applying the method to the search of stellar mass binary black holes in simulated Gaussian noise data. The study is repeated in real instrumental data collected during the first run of LIGO. Finally, the third part presents the method applied in the search for eccentric binary black holes. Their orbit exhibits a deviation from the quasi-circular orbit case considered so far and thus complicates the signal morphology. This third analysis establishes first results with the proposed method in the case of a poorly modeled signal
Martin, Dussaud Pierre. "Black-to-white hole scenario : foundation and evaporation". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0132.
Texto completo da fonteThe physics of the beginning of the 20th century experienced two major conceptual revolutions that changed the way we see the world. General relativity, on the one hand, describes space-time on a large scale; quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with the microscopic behaviour of matter. Since then, physicists have been looking for a theory of quantum gravity, which would bring the two languages together. It is expected that such a theory profoundly changes our understanding of black holes, these extremely dense astrophysical objects, long remained in the shade of calculations, and now observed in droves in the sky. Quantum theory has already shown, as a first approximation, that a black hole slowly evaporates. Quantum gravity also predicts that such an object could metamorphose into a white hole, its time-reverse. In this thesis, we study the foundations of such a scenario and propose a mathematical model that includes the phenomenon of evaporation
Boudoul, Gaëlle. "Trous noirs primordiaux, rayonnement cosmique et développements instrumentaux pour l'imageur Tcherenkov de l'expérience spatiale AMS". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003566.
Texto completo da fonteBattarra, Lorenzo. "Multi-trace deformations in AdS/CFT models of cosmological singularities and condensed matter". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077026.
Texto completo da fonteThe AdS/CFT correspondence provides a framework in which intrinsically quantum gravitational phenomena can be investigated in terms of a non—gravitational field theory. In a different regime, it allows an alternative description of certain strongly coupled field theories via the properties of classical solutions of supergravity. In this thesis, we investigate models in which the correspondence is extended by the use of so-called multi-trace deformations of the dual field theory. In the bulk, these are mapped to non-standard boundary conditions for the supergravity fields. In the first part of the thesis, we study a class of holographic models that describe Big Crunch singularities in the bulk in terms of the evolution in an unstable field theory. We investigate the possibility, previously conjectured by other authors, that the singularity may be resolved on the field theory side. In the second part, we study the thermodynamic properties of hairy black holes in five—dimensional N=8 supergravity. These solutions describe equilibrium states of the dual strongly coupled field theory in which, due to the presence of the multi-trace deformation, a scalar operator acquires a non-vanishing expectation value. In the third part, we generalize this analysis to four dimensional hairy black holes, which have reçently been considered in models of holographic superconductivity. We compute the spectrum of scalar quasi—normal frequencies of these black holes, and propose a relation between the longest lived mode and the properties of effective field theory potentials built from supergravity data
Grisé, Fabien. "Sources X ultra-lumineuses: étude optique détaillée de deux contreparties et de leurs environnements : Deux exemples contre la présence d'un trou noir de masse intermédiaire". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/GRISE_Fabien_2008.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteUltraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are objects emitting above the Eddington limit of a 10 solar masses black hole while not being located at the nucleus of their host galaxy. Despite two decades of X-ray observations, the precise nature of ULXs remains a mystery. Indeed, these accreting binary systems became the ideal candidates for the famous intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs), but direct proofs are missing. This thesis relies on optical data of unprecedented exposure time that was taken by ground-based telescopes of the 8+ meter class and by the Hubble space telescope. My study follows a multi-wavelength approach that is essential in present astrophysics. Observations of two of the most luminous ULXs known revealed lots of information, such as a secure spectroscopic indentification of their optical counterparts by detecting an HeII emission line in the continuum. The photometry of the environment of these sources has permitted to link ULXs to young and small stellar associations and to estimate an upper mass limit for the donor star in these systems. Photometric variability on different time scales has been observed and is interpreted as being linked to stochastic variations of the accretion disk. For the first time, a shift in the radial velocity of the HeII line has been detected, which has encouraged an attempt to determine a radial velocity curve of a ULX. Such a curve would permit to discriminate unambiguously the black hole class to which it belongs. For the moment, only an upper limit on the black hole mass has been found, being compatible with less than 50 solar masses. The presence of a high mass black hole is hence unlikely. The stellar environment in which these objects are located also pleads for small mass black holes rather than the intermediate mass ones. Finally, these ULXs distinguish themselves by the presence of large nebulae around them; spectroscopy of these ionised bubbles reveals an important contribution due to shocks and a second contribution by photoionization that is still to be quantified precisely. In any case, the ejection of jets and/or winds by the ULX itself seems to be the only way to shape these nebulae of a very unusual size
Hemsendorf, Marc. "Dynamics of black holes in galactic centres /". Aachen : ShakerVerl, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37738880s.
Texto completo da fonteGrisé, Fabien Pakull Manfred W. Motch Christian. "Sources X ultra-lumineuses : étude optique détaillée de deux contreparties et de leurs environnements deux exemples contre la présence d'un trou noir de masse intermédiaire /". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1097/01/GRISE_Fabien_2008-restrict.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteRuef, Clément. "Black holes in string theory : towards an understanding of quantum gravity". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112057.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis I present the work I did during my PhD at the Institute of Theorectical Physical (IPhT), CEA Saclay, under the supervision of Iosif Bena. The framework I have been working in is string theory, and more precisely surpergravities in ten and eleven dimensions, as low energy limits of string theory. The first part of the thesis deals with the study of supersymmetric three-charge black holes and black hole microstates : Using supersymmetric D-branes called supertubes, we have performed a probe analysis of supergravity solutions, and showed how this approach {\it exactly captures}, in all know cases, the physical properties of the complete supergravity solution. We also found that when the supertube is in a magnetically charged background, it sees its entropy {\it enhanced} with respect to its flat space one. The supergravity solutions sourced by supertubes are regular and horizonless, and hence can be seen, in the “fuzzball proposal”, as black hole microstates. This enhanced entropy could therefore contribute for a large part in a microscopic counting of the black hole entropy. In the second part of the thesis, I present a new class of five-dimensional {\it non-supersymmetric} solutions, called “floating brane” solution. The equations giving these new solutions generalizes the BPS equations and have the key property to still be partially {\it first order} and {\it linear}. The BPS equations, and thus all the known supersymmetric solutions are recovered as a subcase of the floating brane equations. Some of the new solutions have a horizon and are thus black holes- with different horizon topologies- but some are completely regular and horizonless and should correspond to microstates of {\it non extremal} black holes
Le, Tiec Alexandre. "Coalescence de trous noirs en relativité générale & Le problème de la matière noire en astrophysique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521645.
Texto completo da fonteLimousin, Francois. "Etude de systèmes binaires d'objets compacts : étoiles à neutrons, étoiles de quarks étranges et trous noirs". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00067971.
Texto completo da fonteUn effort est fait pour améliorer, rendre ces données initiales les plus réalistes possible d'un point de vue astrophysique. Nous avons ainsi construits les premières séquences de binaires d'étoiles de quarks étranges, et ce pour différentes équations d'état. Contrairement au cas d'étoiles à neutrons polytropiques, la séquence se termine par une instabilité dynamique. Nous avons également calculé des configurations de binaires d'étoiles à neutrons à l'aide d'une théorie sans onde allant au delà de l'approximation communément admise de métrique spatiale conformément plate. Les solutions obtenues devraient être plus précises et de meilleures conditions initiales que celles réalisées jusqu'alors. Nous avons enfin étudié, pour des systèmes d'un seul trou noir puis des trous noirs binaires, l'influence de conditions de bords aux horizons provenant du formalisme des horizons isolés et regroupnt des ingrédients de quasi-équilibre.
Limousin, François. "Etude de systemes binaires d'objets compacts : etoiles a neutrons, etoiles de quarks etranges et trous noirs". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066524.
Texto completo da fonteCollombon, Mathieu. "Résonance noire à trois photons sur un nuage d'ions calcium confinés". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0017.
Texto completo da fonteThe work presented in this thesis describes the complete experimental set-up and approach to realize three-photon coherent population trapping in a cloud of radiofrequency confined calcium ions. The realization of such a population trapping relies on a stringent conditions of the phase relationship between the three lasers involved in the interrogation process, and also their spectral linewidths. Our experimental approach is based on the optimization of the performance of a frequency-stabilized titanium-sapphirelaser at 411 THz (729nm) at the 10⁻¹⁴ level, in term of relative frequency uncertainties. This laser’s fre-quency stability is subsequently transfered to a optical frequency comb by means of a phase-locked loop. Then the two other lasers involved (866 nm and 794 nm) are phase-locked to the optical frequency combwith the same technique. This work describes the transfer method along with its measured performances. With all the three lasers sharing the same ultra-stable frequency reference we have been able to experi-mentally observe for the first time a 3-photon dark resonance in the fluorescence spectra of the 40 Ca⁺, signature of a coherent population trapping in a 3-photon scheme. The dependence of this resonance at experimental parameters, such as laser powers, laser detunings and local magnetic field, have been studied and are presented in this work. The preliminary results have allowed to explain the behaviour of the dark resonance and explored conditions for the use of the 3-photon dark line as a THz frequency standard
Sadoun, Raphael. "Dynamique des trous noirs supermassifs au cours des fusions de galaxies et étude des interactions avec leur environnement". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066596.
Texto completo da fonteThe formation and evolution of supermassive black holes, compact objects weighting up to billion solar masses and residing in the center of most galaxies, is still poorly understood. This thesis is devoted to the study of two main aspects of supermassive black hole physics. Using state-of-art numerical simulations, I have investigated in a first part the dynamics of supermassive black holes in two different models of galaxy mergers explaining the formation of the Giant Southern Stream, an extended stream of stars recently observed in the outskirts of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). By considering a more realistic model than what was proposed so far, I make a robust prediction for the projected position of the massive black hole progenitor in the first scenario corresponding to a minor merger between M31 and a satellite galaxy. I also study the trajectory of the satellite and show that it must have had a complex orbital history prior to the formation of the stream. In the second scenario, I demonstrate the possibility that a major merger between two-gas rich galaxies can lead simultaneously to the formation of the stream and the peculiar centralregion of M31 constituted of a double nucleus. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the connection between supermassive black holes and globular clusters. By compiling available measurements, I find evidence for a tight correlation between massive black hole mass and velocity dispersion of globular cluster systems. I also study interactions between star clusters and massive black holes and show that they can significantly alter the orbital evolution of a massive binary black hole system
Brassart, Matthieu. "Rupture explosive d'étoiles par les trous noirs massifs et éruptions X-UV dans les noyaux de galaxies". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077170.
Texto completo da fonteAtypical main-sequence star can be disrupted by the gravitational field of a massive black hole of several hundreds of thousands to hundreds of millions solar masses without falling in the event horizon. Such a disruptive process is presented, as welI as some X-UV flares from nearby galactic nuclei interpreted as the aftermath of disrupted stars. When the star approaches sufficiently to the black hole, it is violently flattened in a transient ultra hot and dense "pancake" configuration by the tidal effects before being disrupted. A hydrodynamical model based on a Godunov-type approach has been considered to study the stellar pancake formation and to follow the development of shock waves. The hydrodynamical simulations show that the thermodynamical conditions induced within the compressed stellar core enable explosive thermonuclear reactions to be triggered. They also underline that the shock waves carry a brief but very high peak of temperature to the stellar surface likely to give rise to a new type of X or gamma flare. This observational signature would thus enable to directly detect stellar disruptions. The frequency of such flares is estimated to be about 10-5 per year per galaxy. Since most of the galaxies harbour a central massive black hole, and since the Universe is transparent in X- and gamma-ray bands, several events of this kind per year would be detectable in the full observable Universe