Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Polymorphisme social"
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Veja os 26 melhores trabalhos (teses / dissertações) para estudos sobre o assunto "Polymorphisme social".
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Taupenot, Antoine. "Implication de supergènes dans l'expression de traits complexes chez la fourmi socialement et morphologiquement polymorphe Myrmecina graminicola". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS201.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSupergenes, genetic regions where coadapted loci are inherited as a single Mendelian unit, play a crucial role in establishing complex polymorphisms. However, unraveling the complexity of their evolution and maintenance remains a significant challenge. Ants offer a unique context to identify new supergenes and study the general principles governing their establishment and evolution due to their extensive inter- and intra-species variations in all aspects of social organization. Notably, in five different lineages, a supergene related to colony social organization, specifically the number of mated queens per colony, has been identified. However, its origin and maintenance remain to be clearly elucidated, and new models are needed. The ant species Myrmecina graminicola is of particular interest for studying supergenes in social insects as it exhibits both social polymorphism (presence of monogynous and polygynous colonies) and wing polymorphism (presence of winged and apterous queens).In this thesis, we explored the presence of supergenes in M. graminicola, particularly in relation to these two polymorphisms. In the first chapter, using resequencing data, we identified a supergene associated with social polymorphism (~10 Mb) dating back to ~1 Mya, in linkage disequilibrium with a supergene linked to wing polymorphism (~110 kb) that appeared more recently (~0.4 Mya). In the second chapter, we examined the life history traits of the two main types of colonies found in this species, namely monogynous colonies with winged queens and polygynous colonies with apterous queens. We showed that these two colony types did not differ in the number of workers and larvae at the time of sampling. When reared in the laboratory, we observed that both types of colonies produced a similar number of nymphs and adults but that polygynous colonies produced more eggs and new larvae than monogynous colonies. In the third chapter, we explored the possibility of other supergenes in this species not directly linked to sociality or wing presence/absence. I identified a third supergene (~7 Mb) and demonstrated that it was not associated with colony sex ratio. Overall, this thesis reveals the presence of three supergenes in the ant M. graminicola, one linked to social polymorphism, another to wing polymorphism, and provides insights into the mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of these polymorphisms
Philippe, Anne-Sophie. "Etude de la variation génétique et de la plasticité des comportements sociaux chez la drosophile". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112089/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe social behavior variation is a very important issue for understanding evolution of sociality in animal kingdom. By studying genetic and environmental interactions influence on social behavior in Drosophila melanogaster, this thesis fits with this problematic and focus on the parameters which could explain the social behavior variations. In this research work, we studied and highlighted the existence of social behavior in Drosophila like learning and using social information in a spatial learning task, aggregation behavior and numerous social interactions. These behaviors are the first step before more sociality and their study with no-social species is essential to understand the evolution toward more sociality. The use of two lines from genetic polymorphism of the foraging gene (Rover and Sitter phenotypes) reveals differences in behavior between individuals and enable us to study the influence of genetic and environment parameters. Sitter individuals show more social behavior than Rover ones, using more social information and adopting more aggregation behavior. Variation of the genetic composition of the group influence the aggregation level of Rover individuals. They show more gregarious behavior with majority of Sitter individuals. These observations raise the question of the effects of the information source variations on the social behavior and their implication in interactions variations. The last part of this thesis focuses on the interactions between individuals in 12 different populations of Drosophila melanogaster. This approach revealed an important variation in social organization within species and opens new perspectives to study the evolution of sociality.This research bring new elements on factors influencing the change in social behavior and highlight new perspectives for the study of their evolution
Sanchez, Sylvie. "Une séduction transculturelle : la pizza : polymorphisme, appropriation et identité dans l'alimentation". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0125.
Texto completo da fontePigeyre, Marie. "Etude des déterminants du comportement alimentaire : interaction gène-environnement dans l'obésité". Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S019.
Texto completo da fonteColliat, Rémi. "Intégration économique européenne et système fiscal décentralisé : darwinisme institutionnel ou émergence d'un polymorphisme fiscal ?" Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873528.
Texto completo da fonteTeboul, Annabelle. "Le polymorphisme du héros réaliste-naturaliste chez Balzac, Flaubert, Maupassant et Zola ou le parcours initiatique d'un être oxymorique". Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935884.
Texto completo da fonteHahn, Patrick Daniel. "Social control of polymorphism in Zootermopsis". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185916.
Texto completo da fonteDavison, Paul James. "Social polymorphism and social behaviour in sweat bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61422/.
Texto completo da fonteChiaroni, Jacques. "ETUDE ANTHROPOGENETIQUE DE LA POPULATION COMORIENNE DE MARSEILLE". Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011766.
Texto completo da fonteGanem, Guila. "Commensalisme, fonction corticosurrénalienne et évolution chromosomique chez la souris domestique". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20053.
Texto completo da fonteCapredon, Mélanie. "Histoire biologique d'une population du sud-est malgache : les Antemoro". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703684.
Texto completo da fonteHuang, Ming Hua. "Extreme Worker Polymorphism in the Big-headed Pheidole Ants". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/247257.
Texto completo da fonteVercken, Elodie. "Polymorphisme de couleur et stratégies alternatives chez les femelles du lézard vivipare". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066083.
Texto completo da fonteKamhi, J. Frances, Wulfila Gronenberg, Simon K. A. Robson e James F. A. Traniello. "Social complexity influences brain investment and neural operation costs in ants". ROYAL SOC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621590.
Texto completo da fonteFaria, Vanda. "Mind really does matter : The Neurobiology of Placebo-induced Anxiety Relief in Social Anxiety Disorder". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181548.
Texto completo da fonteDuboz, Priscilla. "Diversité populationnelle et don de sang à Marseille". Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20709.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is to study foreign populations’ presence in Marseilles in relation to their representation in the blood donors population. The history of foreign population in Marseilles (chapter 2), current demography of theses populations (chapter 3) and presentation of our samples (chapter 4) allow us, in chapter 5, to examine integration and insertion notions, generally applied to theses populations. Chapter 6, devoted to the study of the representation of the different component of foreign population in Marseilles’ blood donors, permit to conceive Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerannée as a socio-economic observatory of foreign populations and their descendants. Finally, the last chapter propose to examine the questions of insertion, citizenship and blood donation, understood as a creator of a certain social link (chapter 7)
Trakadis, John. "The vervet regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4) gene, a candidate gene for quantifiable behavioral dimensions associated with psychopathology : sequence, bioinformatic analysis, and association study of a novel polymorphism with social isolation". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84101.
Texto completo da fonteIn this study, the vervet RGS-4 gene was sequenced on a CEQ 8000 genetic analysis system (Beckman Coulter) and characterized using molecular and bioinformatic tools. The obtained vervet sequence overall showed 95.3% sequence identity with the human RGS4 gene.
Thereafter, SNPs in the region encompassing the proximal promoter, exon 1 and the first 450 bp of intron 1 were identified by direct sequencing of 8 unrelated individuals. One of the identified SNPs, +35 [A/G], was genotyped in 155 juvenile vervets previously phenotyped for personality traits, including social isolation. Although preliminary association analysis fails to attain statistical significance (p=0.074), the sample size is small. Additional genotyping of phenotypically defined individuals needs to be undertaken.
Reis, Guilherme Miranda dos. "ANÁLISE DO POLIMORFISMO DO GENE GSTT1 EM AMOSTRAS DE PTERÍGIO DE PACIENTES DE GOIÂNIA - GOIÁS - BRASIL". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2376.
Texto completo da fontePterygium is an inflammatory and degenerative ocular surface disease in which the conjunctiva on the cornea grows forming a fibrous tissue in the shape of a triangle. The disorder may be characterized by cell proliferation, inflammatory processes, fibrosis, angiogenesis and destruction of the extracellular matrix. It is erroneously confused the cataract, and the anomaly is considered as a degenerative eye disease. The disease displays similar features to those of tumors in local invasion, metaplasia of epithelial cells, the presence of oncogenic viruses (Human Papilloma Virus - HPV), inactivation of tumor suppressor gene (such as the well-known p53) and loss of heterozygosity. This study aims to compare the frequency of the GSTT1 genotypes in relation to pterygium. The genotypic profile of the GSTT1 null polymorphism in Goiânia showed no statistically significant difference when comparing the frequency of the null genotype in the control and experimental groups. The null genotype is more frequent in the population studied. The GSTT1 genotype is not related to the risk factors analyzed: gender, ethnicity, family cases, occupational exposure, smoking, hypertension and Diabetes.
O pterígio é uma doença inflamatória e degenerativa da superfície ocular onde a conjuntiva avança sobre a córnea formando uma espécie de triângulo fibroso. O distúrbio pode ser caracterizado por uma proliferação celular, processos inflamatórios, fibrose, angiogênese e destruição da matriz extracelular. É popularmente conhecido como carne no olho e erroneamente confundido com a catarata , sendo já considerado uma doença ocular degenerativa. A doença exibe propriedades semelhantes às de tumores como invasão local, metaplasias de células epiteliais, presença de vírus oncogênicos (Papiloma Vírus Humano HPV), a inativação do gene supressor de tumor (p53) e perda de heterozigosidade. Este trabalho visa comparar a frequência dos genótipos do gene GSTT1 em relação ao pterígio. O perfil genotípico do polimorfismo do gene GSTT1 na cidade de Goiânia mostrou que não há diferença estatisticamente significativa quando se compara a frequência do genótipo nulo nos grupos controle e experimental. O genótipo nulo é o mais frequente na população estudada. O genótipo GSTT1 não está relacionado aos fatores de risco analisados: sexo, etnia, casos na família, exposição ocupacional, fumo, HAS e DM.
Hélias, Frédérique. "La poésie réunionnaise et mauricienne d'expression créole : histoire et formes". Thesis, La Réunion, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LARE0008.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis examines the history and types of creole poetry in La Reunion and Mauritius. It proposes to summarise the emergence, elaboration, circulation and reception of a type of a polymorphous literary type which plays a vital role in the artistic creativity of the creole islands. The objective is to establish a link between those poems, regarded as innovative, and the nations (La Reunion and Mauritius) in which they are written. These nations are fundamentally shaped by this process of ‘Creolization’. In order to observe the transition to literary writing in creole, from its origins to today, the poetic forms whether thematic, enunciatively, formal, discursive or intertextual, are systematically placed in their historical and enunciative context. With works that manipulate references and links to their own island and their anthropological practice, the concepts, otherwise common, of poem, poet, writing and reader need other dynamics to be redefined
Hernando, Fuster Bárbara. "The genetic basis of sunlight sensitivity and melanoma-risk pigmentation phenotypes: The role of sex-specific genetic effects, 3' untranslated regions and melanoma susceptibility genes". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403665.
Texto completo da fonteHuman pigmentation traits are some of the most visible and differentiable human characteristics. Basal cutaneous pigmentation is a polygenic quantitative trait with high heritability, being influenced by genetic, environmental and sex-endocrine factors. Skin cancer incidence reveals a clear relationship between genetically controlled pigmentation traits and sunlight damage. Besides, sexual disparity in skin pigmentation and melanoma incidence and outcome has been recently shown. The general objective of this thesis is to expand the current knowledge on the molecular bases of human pigmentation and predisposition to cutaneous melanoma. Genetic analyses reveal a strong evidence for sex-differentiated genetic effects in human pigmentation as well as in melanoma risk. Additionally, there is a potential implication of polymorphisms in the 3'UTR regions of pigmentation-associated genes in the appearance of different sun-related benign pigmented skin lesions. In vitro studies show that the increased melanoma risk seen in CDKN2A mutation carriers is not the result of intrinsic abnormalities in melanocytes, being additional somatic genetic or epigenetic changes needed to transform melanocytes.
Macario, Alessandro. "Ontogenetic environments and female mate choice in guppies, Poecilia reticulata". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14288.
Texto completo da fonteDa, Cruz Gonçalves Cláudia Cristiana. "Phenotypic Architecture and Genetic polymorphims Associated with Social Behaviour in Zebra fish". Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/132734.
Texto completo da fonteKelber, Christina. "The olfactory system of leafcutting ants: neuroanatomy and the correlation to social organization". Doctoral thesis, 2009. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47769.
Texto completo da fonteDie Arbeiterinnenkaste der Blattschneideameisen zeigt einen ausgeprägten Größenpolymorphismus. Man findet hier einen Alloethismus; unterschiedlich große Arbeiterinnen führen verschiedene Arbeiten im Stock durch. Verschiedene Verhaltensversuche haben gezeigt, dass viele Verhaltensweisen der Arbeiterinnen olfaktorisch gesteuert werden und dass das olfaktorische System hoch entwickelt und sehr sensitiv ist. Es ist wahrscheinlich, dass sich im olfaktorischen System verschieden großer Arbeiterinnen Anpassungen finden lassen, die gut abgestimmte Verhaltensantworten auf die verschiedenen Aufgaben der Tiere ermöglichen. Und tatsächlich zeigt eine aktuelle Studie, dass zwei verschiedene Phänotypen des Antennallobus der Arbeiterin bei Atta vollenweideri existieren, der MG- und der RG-Phänotyp (mit oder ohne Makroglomerulus, MG). Die Existenz des Makroglomerulus kann mit der Körpergröße der Tiere korreliert werden: bei kleinen Arbeiterinnen findet man den RG-Phänotyp, bei großen den MG-Phänotyp. Im Makroglomerulus wird die olfaktorische Information über den verhaltensauslösenden Bestandteil des Spurpheromons verarbeitet. Im ersten Tel meiner Doktorarbeit versuche ich, Verhaltensunterschiede verschieden großer Atta vollenweideri Arbeiterinnen zu quantifizieren. Dazu konzentriere ich mich auf das Spurfolgeverhalten, dass bei Arbeiterinnen jeder Größe beobachtet werden kann. Um die Spurfolgeleistung einzelner Arbeiterinnen zu testen, wurde eine künstlich gelegte Spur mit abnehmender Konzentration des verhaltensauslösenden Bestandteils des Spurpheromons verwendet. Die Spurfolgeleistung der Arbeiterinnen hängt von der Existenz des Makroglomerulus im Antennallobus ab. Im zweiten Teil meiner Doktorarbeit untersuche ich die Neuroanatomie des olfaktorischen Systems bei verschieden großen Atta vollenweideri Arbeiterinnen auf eventuelle weitere anatomische Unterschiede neben dem Makroglomerulus – im Besonderen ob die Anzahl an Glomeruli bei verschieden großen Tieren unterschiedlich ist. Die Antennalloben kleiner Arbeiterinnen beinhalten cirka 390 Glomeruli (geringe Anzahl, LN-Phänotyp), die Antennalloben großer Arbeiterinnen dagegen cirka 440 Glomeruli (hohe Anzahl, HN-Phänotyp). Alle Arbeiterinnen mit dem LN-Phänotyp und einige mit dem HN-Phänotyp besitzen keinen Makroglomerulus (LN-RG-Phänotyp und HN-RG-Phänotyp). Die meisten Tiere mit HN-Phänotyp besitzen jedoch einen Makroglomerulus (HN-MG-Phänotyp). Massenfärbungen der olfaktorischen Rezeptorneuron-Axone zeigen, dass der Antennennerv sich in sechs Trakte teilt und so die Glomeruli in sechs verschiedene Glomerulicluster unterteilt werden können (T1-T6). Bei den Arbeiterinnen mit LN-Phänotyp fehlen cirka 50 Glomeruli im T4-Cluster. Einzelsensillenfärbungen zeigen, dass die Rezeptorneuronen der olfaktorischen Sensilla trichodea curvata alle sechs Cluster, also auch das T4-Cluster innervieren. Ein weiterer Sensillentyp, die Sensilla basiconica, innerviert ausschließlich Glomeruli im T6-Cluster. Quantitative Analysen ergeben eine Korrelation zwischen der Anzahl der Sensilla basiconica auf der Arbeiterinnenantenne und des durchschnittlichen Volumens der T6-Glomeruli bei verschieden großen Tieren. Die Ergebnisse der Verhaltensversuche und der neuroanatomischen Studien könnten darauf hinweisen, dass Unterschiede im Verhalten auf olfaktorische Reize möglicherweise durch die Entwicklungsplastizität der Antenallobus-Phänotypen ausgelöst werden. Dies könnte innerhalb der Kolonie die Grundlage der Spezialisierung von Arbeiterinnen auf bestimmte Arbeiten sein. Den letzten Teil meiner Doktorarbeit nimmt eine Untersuchung über den evolutionären Ursprung des Makroglomerulus und der Anzahl der Glomeruli im Antennallobus ein. Dazu verglich ich in den Antennalloben 25 verschiedener Arten aus den drei Attini-Gruppen (basale, höhere und blattschneidende Attini) die Anzahl, das Volumen und die Position der Glomeruli. Die Antennalloben aller untersuchten Arten bestehen aus sehr vielen Glomeruli (257-630). Der Makroglomerulus findet sich in allen untersuchten blattschneidenden Attini-Arten, aber nie in den untersuchten basalen und höheren Attini-Arten. Er findet sich nur bei größeren Arbeiterinnen und befindet sich immer in der Nähe des Antennennerveingangs. Dies bedeutet, dass es sich bei der Existenz des Makroglomerulus in den großen Blattschneidearbeiterinnen um eine abgeleitete Überexpression eines Merkmals innerhalb der polymorphen blattschneidenden Attini-Arten handelt. Der Makroglomerulus ist wahrscheinlich eine olfaktorische Anpassung an das hoch entwickelte Fouragier- und Rekrutiersystem dieser Arten. Er ist ein Baustein der komplexen Arbeitsteilung und der komplexen sozialen Organisation, die für die Arten dieser Gruppe bekannt sind
MAZURKA, RAEGAN. "Interaction of Polymorphisms in the FKBP5 Gene & Childhood Adversity on the Cortisol Response to a Psychosocial Stress Task in Adolescents and Young Adults". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8250.
Texto completo da fonteThesis (Master, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-05 11:24:45.764
Baião, Rita Isabel Curto. "The role of a maternal oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism in maternal interactive behavior and its consequent impact on children's neuroendocrine and socio-emotional functioning". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/55793.
Texto completo da fonteMaternal behaviour, particularly sensitive parenting, is fundamental for child development and functioning. Is has been vastly studied, with recent considerable interest on its determinants, expanding the research from environmental (eg. maternal variables and contextual experience), to genetic predictors (eg. polymorphisms in the oxytocinergic system, given its link to affiliation). Despite this growing interest, research is still in many ways preliminary and, when reviewing the literature, results prove inconsistent. Maternal behaviour has indeed been shown to impact on diverse aspects of child’s adjustment, including children’s behaviour, but also at the physiological level, such as neuroendocrine functioning. Nonetheless, literature on this domain is still scarce. The goal of the present doctoral dissertation was to contribute to the gaps in this field of research. Its two main aims were: firstly, to investigate genetic and environmental determinants of maternal interactive behaviour; secondly, to assess the impact of such behaviour on child’s functioning, particularly at the behavioural and neuroendocrine levels. Therefore, Chapter 1 introduced the research background behind the proposed field of study. Chapter 2 and 3 then focus the first aim of this dissertation: to examine the determinants of maternal behaviour. Specifically, Chapter 2 analysed the role of a polymorphism (SNP rs53576) on the Oxytocin Receptor Gene (OXTR) on maternal behaviour in two studies. In the first study, based on a sample of 215 Caucasian mothers, a non-significant association was found between the OXTR SNP rs53576 and maternal behaviour. In the second study, results of a meta-analysis on the available literature on the same OXTR SNP and maternal behaviour revealed a statistically significant, small magnitude effect. Chapter 3 then took into consideration the link between the oxytocinergic and serotonergic systems, and serotonin’s role as a modulator of neural circuitry that controls several behavioural and physiological processes, which may be critical for parenting. It analysed the role of the maternal 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on maternal behaviour, testing the quality of environmental context as a possible moderator of such association. Results proved consistent with the weak differential susceptibility model of person-Xcontext interaction. Chapters 4 and 5 then focused the second aim of this dissertation, which relates to child’s functioning. Chapter 4 provided an adaptation and validation of the child codings of the Coding System for Mother–Child Interactions (CSMCI, Healey et al., 2010). The codings’ inter-rater agreement was confirmed, and convergent and divergent validity established. Its applications for the assessment of preschoolers’ interactive behaviour, and its implications to future research and practice are discussed. Finally, Chapter 5 explored the child’s oxytocin (OT) response to mother-child interaction, and found that it was predicted by the interaction between individual (child’s OXTR genotype) and environmental (maternal behaviour) factors. Drawing from these analysis, the identified interaction was investigated as a predictor of the child’s interactive behaviour, considering the possible mediator role of the child’s OT level. This dissertation underlines the relevance of considering the interaction between individual and environmental factors in shaping both behavioural and neuroendocrine responses. Building on this work, future studies should consider larger scale samples, and follow approaches which include different biological, psychological and environmental aspects for a broader comprehension of affiliative behaviour.
O comportamento materno, e particularmente a parentalidade sensível, é fundamental para o desenvolvimento e funcionamento da criança. Recentemente, este comportamento tem sido vastamente estudado, com considerável interesse prestado aos seus determinantes, alargando a investigação de preditores ambientais (p.ex., variáveis maternas e experiências relacionadas com o contexto), para preditores genéticos (p.ex., polimorfismos no sistema oxitocinergico, dada a sua relação com a afiliação). Apesar do interesse crescente, a investigação é, ainda, em grande medida, preliminar, e, ao rever a literatura, os resultados demonstram-se inconsistentes. De facto, o comportamento materno tem demonstrado ter impacto em diversos aspectos do ajustamento da criança, quer a nível comportamental, quer em aspectos mais fisiológicos, como o funcionamento neuroendócrino. No entanto, a literatura neste domínio é ainda escassa. O propósito desta dissertação de doutoramento é contribuir para as lacunas neste campo de investigação. Os dois objetivos fundamentais são: em primeiro lugar, investigar determinantes genéticos e ambientais do comportamento interativo materno; seguidamente, avaliar o impacto de tal comportamento no funcionamento da criança, particularmente ao nível comportamental e neuroendócrino. Assim, o Capítulo 1 incide sobre a revisão da literatura da área em estudo. De seguida, os capítulos 2 e 3 focam o primeiro objetivo desta dissertação: o estudo dos determinantes do comportamento materno. Especificamente, o Capítulo 2 analisa o papel de um polimorfismo (SNP rs53576) no Gene Receptor da Oxitocina (OXTR) no comportamento materno, reunindo 2 estudos. No primeiro estudo, com base numa amostra de 215 mães Caucasianas, não é encontrada uma associação significativa entre o OXTR SNP rs53576 e o comportamento materno. No segundo estudo, os resultados de uma meta-análise com base na literatura disponível revelam um efeito de associação significativo, embora de pequena magnitude, entre o referido polimorfismo e o comportamento materno. O Capítulo 3 tem em consideração a relação entre os sistemas oxitocinérgico e serotoninérgico, bem como o papel da serotonina como modulador de circuitos neuronais que controlam diversos processos comportamentais e fisiológicos, que podem ser críticos para a parentalidade. Este capítulo analisa o papel do polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR no comportamento materno, e testa a qualidade do contexto ambiental como possível moderador desta associação. Os resultados revelam-se consistentes com a versão fraca do modelo de susceptibilidade diferencial de interação Gene-X-Ambiente. De seguida, os capítulos 4 e 5 focam-se no segundo objetivo desta dissertação, que se relaciona com o funcionamento da criança. O Capítulo 4 faz a adaptação e validação das escalas da criança do instrumento Coding System for Mother–Child Interactions (CSMCI, Healey et al., 2010). O acordo inter-cotador é estabelecido, bem como a sua validade convergente e discriminante. São discutidos o seu uso para a codificação do comportamento interactivo de crianças em idade pré-escolar, e as suas implicações para a investigação futura e para a prática. Finalmente, o Capítulo 5 explora a resposta oxitocinérgica da criança numa tarefa de interação mãe-criança. Esta resposta é predita pela interação entre factores individuais (o genótipo OXTR da criança) e ambientais (comportamento materno). Com base nestas análises, o efeito de interação encontrado é investigado como preditor do comportamento interactivo da criança, considerando o possível papel mediador dos níveis de OT da criança. De forma global, esta dissertação sublinha a relevância de considerar o impacto da interação entre factores individuais e ambientais nas respostas comportamentais e neuroendócrinas. Partindo deste trabalho, estudos futuros deverão considerar amostras de maior escala, e seguir abordagens que incluam diferentes aspectos biológicos, psicológicos e ambientais, para uma compreensão mais alargada do comportamento afiliativo.
This research was conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minho. It was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PhD Fellowship SFRH/BD/96001/2013) and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education through national funds, and in the scope of QREN – POPH – Typology 4.1 – Advanced Training, reimbursed by the European Social Found and MSTHE funds. It was conducted as part of the PTDC/PSI-PCL/116897/2010 project, which was financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC (PIDDAC) and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through COMPETE – Operational Programme Competitiveness Factors (POFC).
Gutleb, Daria Raffaella. "Integrating behavior, hormones and genes associated with the primate HPA-axis". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E60E-8.
Texto completo da fonte