Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Polymères – Synthèse (chimie)"
Crie uma referência precisa em APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, e outros estilos
Veja os 50 melhores trabalhos (teses / dissertações) para estudos sobre o assunto "Polymères – Synthèse (chimie)".
Ao lado de cada fonte na lista de referências, há um botão "Adicionar à bibliografia". Clique e geraremos automaticamente a citação bibliográfica do trabalho escolhido no estilo de citação de que você precisa: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
Você também pode baixar o texto completo da publicação científica em formato .pdf e ler o resumo do trabalho online se estiver presente nos metadados.
Veja as teses / dissertações das mais diversas áreas científicas e compile uma bibliografia correta.
Zhao, Yuxi. "Synthèse de donneurs d’électrons organiques : application en synthèse organique et chimie des polymères". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0156.
Texto completo da fonteOrganic electron donors (OEDs) with exceptionally negative redox potentials have attracted considerable attention in organic synthesis as powerful reducers. They enable the spontaneous transfer of one or two electrons to organic substrates, to form radical or anionic intermediates. Nevertheless, the structural diversity of OEDs is limited and their application scope quite narrow. In this thesis, we first developed novel libraries of OEDs in order to identify new families of organic reducers, broaden the range of redox potentials and access new reducing reactivities. Appropriate structural modulations on seven categories of iminium salts gave access to powerful OED with various reducing abilities. It also allowed to rationalize the factors governing single- or double-electron transfers according to the OED structures and the reaction conditions. A more thorough mechanistic investigation was conducted to formally confirm the active electron donor species at work.Finally, OEDs also appeared to be remarkable organic redox initiating systems for both free radical and anionic polymerization reactions. While the anionic propagation was promoted by direct reduction of the monomer, simple addition of a competing oxidant with a higher reduction potential allowed to switch to a clean free radical propagation process. Scope investigation exhibited excellent applicability of these self-initiating polymerization strategies, which enabled the preparation of a large array of (co-)polymers with high added values
Adjidjonou, Kossi. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères supports chiraux : application à la réduction asymétrique". Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10110.
Texto completo da fonteGingras, Émilie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères ioniques à base de 2,7-carbazole". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27554/27554.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAdhami, Wissal. "Synthèse verte de polymères dans un système en flux". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R037.
Texto completo da fonteGreen chemistry is an attractive field which has evolved over the past twenty years and aims to develop products that do not harm the environment using eco-responsible syntheses. This work focuses on the green synthesis of polyesters which are considered as important synthetic polymers due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Polyesters are obtained by two main routes: polymerization by polycondensation of diacids with diols which is the most widely used route, and polymerization by ring opening of lactones, lactides or cyclic carbonate (Ring Opening Polymerization, ROP). Polycondensation requires harsh reaction conditions to promote the condensation reaction by removing a water molecule between the acid and alcohol functional groups in order to achieve high conversions. Recently, flow synthesis techniques have allowed better control of organic synthesis and polymerization reactions. We have studied the enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (e-ROP) of lactones using Novozym® 435 lipase as a catalyst immobilized on porous flow beads to develop controlled polymerization that respects the principles of green chemistry. The porous beads were introduced into a tubular reactor made of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) with an internal diameter = 1.55 mm. We were able to polymerize ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) with a 100 % conversion rate (conv) and a dispersity (Đ) of 1.3 and δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) (conv = 93%, Đ = 1.27 respectively). Copolymers have also been synthesized. We have also studied the catalysis of ring-opening polymerization by phosphazenes which are organic superbases. The basicity of phosphazene governs the reaction: the highest basicity lead to the highest yield in spite of poorer dispersity. The best yields were obtained using P4-t-Bu (pK = 41.9) as catalyst for polymerizing ε-CL and δ-VL at room temperature, with values of 96% and 93% respectively. When P2-t-Bu (pK = 33.5) was used, a lower conversion of 45% was obtained but with a very good dispersity Đ = 1.08. We also worked on polycondensation using new organic catalysts with hydrophobic parts in their structures allowing the elimination of water or alcohol co-products which limit the course of the reaction. Thus we have studied the polycondensation between diols and diacids or diesters catalyzed by diphenylammonium triflate (DPAT) or pentafluorophenylammonium triflate (PFPAT) in batch. We obtained oligomers by polyesterification between succinic acid and butanediol using DPAT or PFPAT as catalysts with conversions of 76% and 67% respectively. Finally, we investigated photo-induced atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in a flow system using Eosin Y, an inexpensive organic compound that absorbs in the green (530 nm) to catalyze the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) which can be synthesized with a 91% conversion rate and a dispersity Đ of 1.42. The lively appearance of these polymers has been demonstrated by the success of subsequent copolymerizations. In conclusion, we have shown that flow chemistry allows polymer synthesis with better control of polymerization compared to flask synthesis. This better control makes it possible to obtain polymers with high yield, low dispersity and a molar mass close to the theoretical value
Nguyen, Thi Le Anh. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères de coordination présentant des propriétés redox". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0050.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is devoted to the synthesis and characterization (structures and physicochemical properties) of novel crystalline coordination polymers (also called MOFs), either porous or not, which possess redox properties. Two approaches have been developed in order to obtain such materials. The first one is based on the use of redox-active ligand (TetraThiaFulvalene TetraCarboxylic acid or (TTF-TC)H4), the other on the use of an active metallic cation (titanium). Conventional hydro- or solvo-thermal synthesis allowed the preparation of few solids, in which the redox centers adopt their classical oxidation state (TTF0, TiIV). Their structures, as well as their thermal and structural properties have been studied. Their redox properties have been exploited by means of post-synthesis processes (photoreduction or use as electrodes for lithium ion batteries). Using coupled electro-hydrothermal conditions, another solid was produced, this time based on the oxidized form of TTF-TC. The properties of this solid, among which its electronic conductivity, have been evaluated
Senhaji, Omar. "Synthèse de tensioactifs méthacryliques et étude physico-chimique de leurs télomères et polymères". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20033.
Texto completo da fonteLebreton, Arnaud. "Synthèse de polymères en étoile par amorçage pluricarbanionique". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009394.
Texto completo da fonteChicart, Philippe. "Oligomères et polymères organosiliciés : synthèse et caractérisation de silacyclophanes et de polysilarylènes". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20238.
Texto completo da fonteDégoué, Émilie. "Contrôle de la toxicité dans la synthèse des polyuréthanes : optimisation des réactions et nouvelles stratégies de masquage par des composés à réactivité orthogonale". Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0031/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with several ways to decrease the content of free diisocyanate monomer, often toxic, in polyurethane prepolymers obtained by polyaddition. Three paths were investigated: optimization of formulations and process, and capping with monofunctional agents or orthogonal reactivity compounds. The substitution of a symmetric diisocyanate with a totally asymmetric one, in which one of the two NCO functions is much more reactive, resulted in prepolymers with a monomer content lower than 1%. This way, however, was only efficient with polypropylene glycol oligomers. For the reaction with more reactive macrodiols, the difference in reactivity of the isocyanate groups decreases. For prepolymers with high short macrodiol content, chain interactions, through hydrogen bonds, seem to be easier which, in addition to a decrease in free monomer content, lead to an important increase in viscosity. Thus, for these formulations, the possible improvements through optimization of classical reactions seem to be limited. Finally, in a new approach, the capping of NCO groups by orthogonal reactivity compounds, such as glycerol carbonate, led to a non volatile and certainly less toxic free monomer. Moreover, these compounds are able to extend the capped chains by another reaction and thus limit the amount of plasticizer. Capping, however, involves a decrease in the amount of urea bonds which contribute to hard segments in materials, and a compromise is still necessary to obtain a high hardness
Balarezo, Mauricio. "Synthèse de (co)polymères biosourcés par polymérisation radicalaire (contrôlée)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS006.
Texto completo da fonteTo be more respectful of the environment, chemists are moving more and more towards green and eco-responsible chemistry. In this context, we wished, in this thesis, to develop the synthesis of biosourced (co)polymers by radical polymerization using particularly reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). Indeed, this polymerization technique has allowed great progress in polymer chemistry because it combines the simplicity of radical polymerization with the advantages of living polymerizations for the development of well-defined macromolecular architectures. To achieve this, the biobased monomers used must contain a polymerizable function. Therefore, either biobased monomers or biobased molecules that have been functionalized were used. Among the RDRP methods, we opted for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. We also combined this method with the "PISA" (polymerization-induced self-assembly) approach to generate biosourced amphiphilic block copolymers in a green solvent (mainly water) and thus obtain polymeric particles with spherical morphology. For the solvophilic block, we first opted for poly(acrylic acid) because acrylic acid (AA) can be obtained from renewable resources. We then also looked at two other biobased monomers: itaconic acid (IA) and α-methylene-γ- butyrolactone (MBL). Regarding the solvophobic block, we were first interested in menthol, a terpene with a hydroxyl function that was functionalized with an acrylate group. This allowed us to synthesize for the first time biosourced nanoparticles using the RAFT-PISA process in dispersion in a green solvent. In a second step, we worked on two lignin-derived styrenic monomers, acetylated vinyl guaiacol (AcVG) and para-acetoxystyrene (AcST). Spherical nanoparticles whose diameter can be modulated with the length of the hydrophobic block were obtained using the RAFT-PISA process in water emulsion
Gagnon-Thibault, Évelyne. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux polymères poreux pour le stockage d'hydrogène". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29167/29167.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteParein, Thibault. "Synthèse de nanocharges thermoélectriques, mise en œuvre et caractérisation de nanocomposites thermoélectriques". Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2005.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this work is to elaborate polymer/thermoelectric fillers composites, in order to help solving the weight, scarcity of the precursors and cost problems of thermoelectric massive materials. Firstly, polymer/bismuth telluride composites have been processed by a micro-extrusion and injection molding process, from micrometric particles. The possibility of obtaining conductive composites by this process has been demonstrated, nevertheless the percolation thresholds of the composites remain high. Secondly, in order to solve this problem, composites have been elaborated from immiscible co-continuous polymer blends. A significant reduction of the percolation threshold has been obtained, due to the selective localization of the fillers into one of the polymer phases. Finally, the elaboration of nanocomposites has also been investigated in order to lower the percolation threshold of the composites. A simple and low-cost synthesis procedure for thermoelectric bismuth telluride nanoparticles has been developed and polymer/bismuth telluride nanocomposites have been processed by micro-extrusion. The characterization of the elaborated nanocomposites has shown a dramatic decrease of the percolation threshold, allowing the limitation of the amount of particles used to get conductive composites, as their overall weight
Kerbellec, Nicolas. "Polymères de coordination à base de Terres Rares : porosité et propriétés optiques". Rennes, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAR0009.
Texto completo da fonteWe have developed a computational method that allows us to estimate the potential porosity of coordination polymers. This method, based only on crystallographic data, leads to a value which does not depend on sample geometry. It is particularly useful for studying coordination polymers with low thermal stability. It is also useful for comparing the potential porosity of materials with complex networks. We have been then interested in the development of lanthanide terephthalate compounds. All these compounds present only two type of crystallographic structure and one of them contains thirteen different lanthanides with the structure Ln2(TER)3(H2O)4. These compounds have been more particularly studied. We have synthesized nanoparticules using polymer encapsulation technique. Then we have worked on a new type of compounds which simultaneously contain several different lanthanides. The synergy between the different lanthanides ions leads to new compounds exhibiting original properties
Mamad, Hajar. "Elaboration de nanopores biomimétiques à base de cyclodextrine : architectures contrôlées par la synthèse des polyrotaxanes". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE015.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis consisted in using supramolecular chemistry to obtain synthetic nanopores from a controlled scaffold obtained with cyclodextrins, a bio-based and biocompatible oligosaccharide. Indeed, the linear organization of the cyclodextrins using a type of supramolecular assemblies called polyrotaxane, enabled the synthesis of covalent nanotubes, controlling their structural parameters. A proof of concept was realized by synthesizing α-cyclodextrin nanotubes from polyrotaxanes obtained by a radicalar coupling reaction. This synthetic pathway allows the control of the number of cyclodextrins remaining to form the nanotube. After proving their ability to form biocompatible nanopores, we have taken on the challenge of the generalization of the synthetic pathway to the formation of β- and γ-cyclodextrin nanotubes, to obtain nanotubes of various diameters. Thus, their ability to form transmembrane channels was assessed. Chemical modifications were carried out to enhance their nanopore properties. All the nanotube obtained were finely characterized using a cross analysis between the datas obtained by 1H NMR, HRTEM microscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography
Calvet, Damien. "Polymères associatifs téléchéliques alkylés et perfluoroalkylés : synthèse - structures - rhéologie des solutions aqueuses". Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20118.
Texto completo da fonteCathebras, Nathalie. "Polymères uréthanes perfluoroalkylés. Applications : revêtements polyuréthanes, antifouling non biocides, épaississants associatifs". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20029.
Texto completo da fonteTorreilles, Christophe. "Utilisation de la chimie organométallique pour l'élaboration de polymères organiques conjugués de structure contrôlée et diversifiée". Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20089.
Texto completo da fonteJoudieh, Samer. "Biopolymères à base de cyclodextrines : Synthèse, caractérisations physico-chimiques et applications pharmaceutiques". Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES017.
Texto completo da fonteThis work of thesis relates to the synthesis and the physicochemical characterization of cyclodextrine polymers and for their use in the preparation of binary systems “CD-polymer/Drug”. The objective is to show the interest of these polymers innovating in the galenic formulation for potential applications in pharmaceutical field. The whole of this work makes it possible to conclude that the optimal conditions to obtain a maximum mass soluble polymer yield (40% mass/mass). We characterized obtained polymers by FT-IR, DSC, RX and by SEC/MALLS. Two drugs were retained as tracers: Albendazole, an insoluble pesticide, and Nimesulid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, amphiphilic and ionizable in water. An important increase in intrinsic solubility for each of the two drugs was obtained thanks to cyclodextrin polymers. This increase in solubility is 100 times more important than that obtained with native cyclodextrins, while at the same time the quantities of polymers used were quite lower than those of native cyclodextrins. Two dosage forms were developed by using the binary systems “poly-CD/PA: pellets and capsules. The polymers of cyclodextrins play the part of excipients for these dosage forms with 95% of CD-polymers in the matrices intended for the filling of capsules and up to 40% to form the matrix of the pellets
Barruet, Julien. "Polymères réactifs à base d'isocyanates bloqués : développement de méthodologies de synthèse pour la bioconjugaison". Phd thesis, Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120081.
Texto completo da fonteBiomacromolecule-polymer "conjugated" systems are of possible interest in several applications such as solid support synthesis, microfluidic elements or affinity chromatography. These bioconjugated systems require the covalent attachment of biomacromolecules on polymer substrates of different kinds. The functional groups needed for that purpose can sometimes induce side reactions during free-radical polymerizations. This thesis aims at determining whether some "blocked" isocyanates, functional groups known to be reactive towards amines, might overcome these limitations. Three polymer architectures containing blocked isocyanates functionalities were developed during this work, based on 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM). A -NH-C(=O)-SO3- functionalized hydrogel was synthetized from IEM and potassium metabisulfite. This hydrogel features significant functionalization, acceptable storage under dry condition, as well as considerable swelling when immerged in water. Direct protection of the IEM monomer was made possible via an alternative blocking agent, yielding a hydrosoluble monomer that was polymerized in water under free-radical conditions. The reactivity of the obtained polymer towards primary amines in water was substantiated. Finally, IEM blocking using phenol or acetone oxime led to divinylbenzene-based microspheres containing reactive blocked isocyanates
Hammami, Nadia. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques de polymères biosourcés à base d'isosorbide". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS127.
Texto completo da fonteThis research work aims to valorise isosorbide (IS) for biobased polymeric materials using original methods. After a short introduction of this molecule, we presented the different synthesis pathways and application fields of chemical and polymers already developed in scientific community. These compounds are classically obtained through many functionalization/synthesis steps with processes far away from green chemistry. Our first strategy based on the development of polyacetals derived from isosorbide (PAIS) was explained. A reaction scheme involving isosorbide with methylene halogenate in a non-toxic solvent (DMSO) was retained. The influence of different experimental parameters (stirring mode, reaction period and stoichiometry) was carefully analysed. Best results were achieved with high-speed mechanical stirring (more homogenous reactive solution, quantitative yield). The highest isosorbide concentrations led to the exclusive production of linear polyacetals (L-PAIS) whereas a low concentration under magnetic stirring conditions induced the formation of cyclic oligomers. Other macro-cycles (C-PAIS) with high molar weight were also produced. These different kinds of PAIS were characterised by various techniques (NMR, MALDI-TOF FTIR, SEC). Their physicochemical performances were also studied (TGA, DSC, rheology…) The length increase of polymer L-PAIS chains being challenged by cyclisation, we also explored lactide use (L- and racemic) as chain extender first by the reaction with IS then with L-PAIS. The La organometallic catalysis was more efficient than enzymatic pathway (PS lipase). Both chemical and physical analyses carried out with four polymeric grades derived from IS et lactide showed the added value of isosorbide molecule. Precise and reliable "structure-properties" relations including durability study were also led. Finally, similar approach could be applied for producing linear copolymers (PLLA-b-PAIS-b-PLLA and PRLA-b-PAIS-b-PRLA)
Ismaili, Jihane. "Synthèse de nouveaux polymères pour l’élaboration d’un papier semi-conducteur". Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0097/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe use of organic semiconductors in electronic devices offers interesting prospects. Indeed, they make it possible to lighten the weight of these devices in addition to greatly reducing the cost of their manufacture. However, one of the main problems associated with these organic semiconductors is their manufacturing process, which requires toxic organic solvents and multiple synthesis steps. In this work, a new environmentally friendly synthesis process has been developed. A single step was necessary for the preparation of the semiconductors, using the polycondensation reaction between a diamine and a dialdehyde.This reaction was carried out at room temperature in ethanol, a green solvent and without the use of catalysts, thus minimizing energy consumption and using a reaction medium from a renewable and low-toxicity source. After their doping, these polymers exhibited conduction properties comparable to those observed for conventional organic semiconductors.The second part of this thesis was devoted to the study of the use of paper as a support for organic electronics devices; hus avoiding the use of generally non-biodegradable and/or non-renewable substrates (plastic or glass). Two strategies have been used to this end. The first consisted of a direct deposit of the semiconducting polymers to the surface of cellulose filaments.The second is based on the creation of a covalent bond between the semiconductors and the Kraft pulp, using the copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc)
Besançon, Manon. "Synthèse in situ de nanocomposites par chimie sol-gel non-hydrolytique en voie fondu". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6pn95cw.
Texto completo da fontePolymer nanocomposites have drawn considerable attention due to the improvement of structural and functional properties of polymer based systems. The common way to elaborate nanocomposites is the dispersion of fillers into the polymer. However, the agglomeration of nanofillers in the polymer and the increasing concerns about the manipulation of nanoobjects are the main issues of this technique. To overcome these problems, a “bottom-up” approach has been developed in recent years combining reactive extrusion and hydrolytic sol-gel chemistry. This approach has some limitations for non-polar polymers. Indeed, water is required and the surface of such inorganic phases presents hydroxyl groups involving a weak interaction with the polymer matrix. Our approach is to use non-hydrolytic sol-gel chemistry to generate nanofillers in the molten polymer. The specificity of NHSG is the use of an oxygen donor instead of water and the ability to control the shape and the size of nanofillers. Syntheses of titanium dioxide and layered titanium phosphonates were carried out in molten polymer. Different precursors were investigated in order to improve the compatibility between matrix and fillers and obtain homogeneous dispersion of small size fillers. The influence of the polymer nature on the obtained fillers morphology has also been studied
Hugues, Thierry. "Polymères méthacryliques à groupements latéraux perfluorés : synthèse, propriétés de surface : comportement thermique". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20131.
Texto completo da fontePees, Bernard. "Synthèse et polymérisation de monomères acryliques perfluorés : caractérisations physico-chimiques de leurs polymères". Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Pees.Bernard.SMZ0056.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteA lot of studies showing the water-repellency of fluorine-containing polyacrylates were reported since 1950. A string connection between these surface properties and the structure of the polymers (bilayer organization of the perfluorinated lateral chains) has been demonstrated. The purpose of this work is the synthesis and the polymerization of new functionalized fluorine-containing acrylic monomers. Then physical and chemical properties of these compounds are investigated. In a firt part, we describe the synthesis of acrylic monomers bearing different kind of organic group (mesogenic group). Particularly, we investigate the free radical addition of perfluorinated mercaptans to [omega]-unsaturated alcohols and the Fisher esterification of β-hydroxyl sulfide with acrylic acid. In second part, the homopolymerization and copolymerization of the previous monomers is studied. Then, the results of physical and chemical properties determinations are detailed. The investigation of the changes of the thermal, strutural and surface properties of [omega]-perfluorooctyl-alkyl acrylates with the increasing of the number of methylen group into the lateral chains, shows an even-odd effect. Structural and thermal properties of fluorine-containing polyacrylates can be increased significantly by adding an organic group into the lateral chain. The mesogenic group effet of these moieties is demonstrated. Finally, a sulfonated monomer is copolymerized with butyl acrylate in one hand and in second with stearyl crylate. The two copolymers water-repellencies are investigated and compared to commercial compounds. The good results obtained and the quite simple synthesis of this monomer, afford a possible commercial use
Hanouneh, Ahmad. "Synthèse asymétrique d'amines en phase solide". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20211.
Texto completo da fonteJaufurally, Abdus Samad. "Oligomérisation enzymatique d'alcools p-hydroxycinnamiques : production de synthons et additifs pour la chimie des polymères". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IAVF0013/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this thesis was to develop experimental protocols for the polymerization of phenoliccompounds.The first objective was to develop and optimize robust and reproducible procedures to control thepolymerization of phenolic compounds in the presence of oxidases, such as laccase. Mechanisticstudies were conducted during these new processes in order to have a better understanding of thereactivity of phenols (oxidation, dismutation) and find new ways of valorization of such compounds.Thus, these methods have enabled us to selectively access phenolic compounds of structuralcomplexity and variable functionalities (dimers, trimers or oligomers) that can be used asantioxidants or monomers for the polymer chemistry. To illustrate the potential of these phenoliccompounds in the field of polymers, they have been involved in polymerization reactions such asADMET and radical polymerizations (thiol-ene)
Derouineau, Thibault. "Synthèse et étude de polymères thermo-associatifs pour le domaine des lubrifiants". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET018.
Texto completo da fonteControlling the viscosity of engine lubricants is a key issue to reduce the fuel consumption of engines. A new approach based on the use of thermo-associative polymers has been developed in order to compensate the natural loss of viscosity of lubricants when the temperature increases. To this aim, complementary low molecular weight polymers (for engine targeted application) that can reversibly associate with temperature through the diol-boronic ester exchange reaction have been designed and synthesized. The low molecular weights of the polymers and the dynamic behavior of the boronic ester bond decrease the high shear sensitivity of the system and so limits the shear-thinning behavior of the lubricant. The increase of polymeric function availability as the temperature rises induces polymer association. The reversibility of the thermo-associative association of polymers in non polar oil is seen over several cycles of warming-cooling with the increase of the relative viscosity of the solutions with increasing temperature. Part of the study was also dedicated to the improvement of polymers’ thermal stability in order to maintain the good lubricant properties of the thermo-associative formulations up to 150°C. Many polymers of different natures, sizes and topologies have been synthesized. The flow behavior of these polymers in both individual state in solution or in thermo-associative formulations was studied by rheology, thus enabling to determine the impact of these levers on the solutions properties as a function of temperature
Derouineau, Thibault. "Synthèse et étude de polymères thermo-associatifs pour le domaine des lubrifiants". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET018.
Texto completo da fonteControlling the viscosity of engine lubricants is a key issue to reduce the fuel consumption of engines. A new approach based on the use of thermo-associative polymers has been developed in order to compensate the natural loss of viscosity of lubricants when the temperature increases. To this aim, complementary low molecular weight polymers (for engine targeted application) that can reversibly associate with temperature through the diol-boronic ester exchange reaction have been designed and synthesized. The low molecular weights of the polymers and the dynamic behavior of the boronic ester bond decrease the high shear sensitivity of the system and so limits the shear-thinning behavior of the lubricant. The increase of polymeric function availability as the temperature rises induces polymer association. The reversibility of the thermo-associative association of polymers in non polar oil is seen over several cycles of warming-cooling with the increase of the relative viscosity of the solutions with increasing temperature. Part of the study was also dedicated to the improvement of polymers’ thermal stability in order to maintain the good lubricant properties of the thermo-associative formulations up to 150°C. Many polymers of different natures, sizes and topologies have been synthesized. The flow behavior of these polymers in both individual state in solution or in thermo-associative formulations was studied by rheology, thus enabling to determine the impact of these levers on the solutions properties as a function of temperature
Fortin, Marie-Julie. "Synthèse de polymères bipolaires à base de 2,7-carbazole pour l'élaboration de diodes électroluminescentes bleues". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24198/24198.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBartual-Murgui, Carlos. "Polymères de coordination à transition de spin : synthèse, élaboration de couches minces, nanostructuration et propriétés physiques". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652851.
Texto completo da fonteKrouit, Mohammed. "Vers de nouveaux films photobactéricides élaborés à partir de cellulose et de porphyrines". Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e312372f-06e2-458e-8726-0865515666d1/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0053.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteChampagne, Amélie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux dérivés de la polyaniline". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28424/28424.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteChatti, Saber. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux polymères dérivés des dianhydrohexitols : réactivité et selectivité sous micro-ondes". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112274.
Texto completo da fonteNew diethers were synthesized by dialkylation of dianhydrohexitols (isosorbide, isomannide and isoidide) under phase-transition catalysis (PTC), as model reactions for further polymerization. High yields were obtained under microwaves (more than 90%), under mild conditions (5 minutes at 140°C), in comparison with thermal heating (yields lower than 20%). After optimization of the reaction conditions (temperature, phase transfer agent, solvent, alkylating agent, salts addition), this method was applied to alkylation of monobenzylated dianhydrohexitols with dihalogenes or disulphones as alkylating agents, which leaded to new chiral diols after deprotection of the alcohols. By extrapolation to reactions with alkyl dihalogenes or disulphones, new polyethers were synthesized in good yields, their molecular weight and their structure depending on the monomer, on the substituent and on the activation method. .
Clarisse, Jade. "Croissance cristalline de polymères de coordination : synthèse, suivi calorimétrique et caractérisation structurale". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10269/document.
Texto completo da fontePorous coordination polymers so called Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are considered for promising development and applications such as in catalyst. However, the understanding of the synthesis mechanisms and crystal growth is a challenge. Currently, only a few in-situ studies have been done to rationalize the synthesis of MOFs, such as monitoring by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray diffraction. In this manuscript the differential scanning calorimetry is proposed as an easier technique to implement that allows a continuous calorimeter tracking to identify the phenomena which govern the synthesis such as the formation reaction and crystallization temperatures. With such thermal analyses, the temperature range of the reaction was determined and the importance of various parameters influencing the synthesis was studied, such as heating temperatures and cooling speeds or reactant concentration. This was applied to the synthesis of new porous coordination compounds based on porphyrin acid derivative in order to understand the important reaction steps. Crystal structure determinations show that some are Porphyrin Paddle-Wheel Frameworks. New approaches to the MOFs synthesis are also proposed using organic ligands like acids, imines, oximes and Schiff bases
Overton, Philip. "Electrolytes polymères monofonctionnels à conduction monocationique : synthèse et propriétés de transport d'ions lithium". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV010/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis presents "End-Capped Single-Ion Polymer Electrolytes" (EC-SIPEs) that are ionically conductive polymers having n repeating ethylene oxide (EO) units and an ionic functional group at one chain terminal. The library of EC-SIPEs presented are based on poly(ethylene oxide) mono methyl ether (mPEOn-OH) having EOn = 8, 10, 20 and 55. The anions of the electrolyte salt pair are covalently bound to the polymer as part of the end-group design. The mobility of the anion is thus limited by the low mobility of the polymer, relative to Li+. These are "Single-Ion" conductors because the majority of ionic charge transferred by Li+ cations, as demonstrated by chronoamperometry.The end-group designs target not only ionic interactions that facilitate "single-ion" conduction of Li+, but also other specific non-covalent interactions such as dipole-dipole, Van der Waals, and π-π stacking. End-groups having naphthalene (naph) and pyrene (pyr) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) moieties are investigated. The functional end-groups are lithiated sulfonates (-SO3Li, -PhSO3Li), a N-naphyl sulfonamide (-SO2N(Li)Naph), and secondary N-aryl amines (-N(Li)Naph, -N(Li)Pyr). Two end-groups target specific properties: i) a "double salt" end-group has two ionic functions at one chain end, and ii) a zwitterionic EC-SIPE that conducts Li+ cations and TFSI- anions. The doubling of the number of Li+ per end-group does not correlate to an expected improvement in ionic conductivity (σ). This implies that σ is limited by the physicochemical properties of the EC-SIPE and not the Li+ concentration. The zwitterionic EC-SIPE has a high lithium transference number (t+Li= 0.8) that implies decreased mobility of the TFIS- counter-anion relative to Li+. The best overall performance is achieved by mPEOn-N(Li)Pyr (EOn= 10, 20, 55), that has σ > 1.0*10-4 S/cm at T > 40 °C, and reaches 1*10-3 S/cm at 100 °C. It exhibits constant resistivity under galvanostatic cycling (j= 10 μA.cm-2, 10*4h periods, Li|Li cell, 40 °C) and is electrochemically stable in the 0 V-3.7 V vs. Li/Li+ potential range (Li|stainless steel cell, 1.0 mV/s sweep rate, 40 °C).In Chapter I the context of the thesis is discussed through review of state-of-the-art polymer electrolytes for Li-ion batteries. These are divided into two sub-classes: i) Salt-in-Polymer (SiP) and ii) "Single-Ion" polymer electrolytes. The design of polymer electrolytes towards efficient and effective ionic conductivity is emphasized. Special attention is given to concepts for the organisation of bulk morphology for the creation of ion transport pathways that efficiently percolate through the micron length scale separating electrodes of a battery. Finally, the synthetic strategy implemented in this thesis is described.The principle results of the thesis are presented and discussed in Chapter II. A library of EC-SIPEs are characterised in terms of their electrochemical, thermal and specific ion-transport performances. Resistive features appear at high temperature and are expected to result from the aggregation of ionic end-groups. Surprisingly, the σ of EC-SIPEs having EOn= 55 improves by as much as half an order of magnitude with repeated cycling of temperature to above Tm of crystalline PEO (in the +40 °C to +100 °C range). The analysis of EC-SIPEs having different end-groups and PEO chains having EOn= 8, 10, 20, and 55 lead to the proposition of a tentative model for the percolation of ionic pathways through the EC-SIPE bulk. It is hypothesized that the ionic end-groups are localised at the grain boundaries of PEO domains. Percolation of these boundaries are proposed to be improved under appropriate, mild conditions of temperature and electromagnetic force. Finally, the synthesis methods implemented in this thesis and characterizations of EC-SIPEs are described in Chapter III
Laniel, Dominique. "Synthèse de polymères d'azote par pression comme matériaux énergétiques du futur". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS472.
Texto completo da fonteThe goal of this thesis is to synthesize novel polynitrogen compounds by pressure as the next-generation high energy density materials (HEDM). To achieve this, the physico-chemical properties of pure nitrogen as well as the xenon-nitrogen, hydrogen-nitrogen and lithium-nitrogen mixtures were studied under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. In the case of the compression of pure nitrogen, a novel polymeric nitrogen solid composed of interconnected chains of N6 rings was produced at 250 GPa and 3300 K. The low pressure Xe-N2 investigation revealed the formation of a stoichiometric Xe(N2)2 van der Waals compound. Above 150 GPa and 2500 K a xenon-polynitrogen material was observed. The N2-H2 study, focusing on the characterization and high-density behavior of the N2(H2)2 van der Waals compound, uncovered its pressure-induced chemical reaction near 50 GPa into azanes (NxHx+2), with ammonia (NH3) as the main constituent. Intriguingly, decompression of the reacted sample resulted, below 10 GPa, in the transformation of ammonia into its thermodynamically less stable counterpart hydrazine (N2H4). Lastly, the Li-N2 system proved to be of great interest due to the large array of anionic nitrogen moieties discovered (N3-, [N2]~2 [N2]~1 and N5-). In particular, lithium pentazolate (LiN5), containing the elusive energetically-rich pentazolate anion, was synthesized above 45 GPa and 2500 K. Moreover, it could be retained down to ambient conditions. It is the first polynitrogen HEDM produced by high pressure and retrieved down to ambient conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of high pressure for the synthesis of industrially relevant HEDM
Obadia, Mona. "Développement de méthodes accélérées pour la synthèse de polymères et réseaux conducteurs ioniques à base 1,2,3-triazolium". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1109/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis PhD thesis tackles the development of monotopic (or single step) processes enabling the accelerated synthesis of ion conducting polymer materials. A bibliographic study on 1,2,3-triazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s (TPILs) have demonstrated their unequaled structural and functional richness. However, their syntheses require several synthetic steps and the use of catalysts, solvents and polymerization mediators.A first part is devoted to the development of an accelerated synthetic approach enabling in a single step to access TPILs with broad structural variety without solvent nor catalyst. Indeed the chemical structure of the spacer, the counter-anion and the N-3 substituent of the 1,2,3-triazolium group can be readily tuned from a broad library of a-azide-?-alkyne monomers and alkylating agents.A second part is devoted to the extension of this original synthetic approach to the formation of a series of ion conducting polymer networks, thus demonstrating the flexibility of the process and the broad capacity in structural design. These networks possess the unique properties of vitrimer materials based on dynamic exchanges of the cross-linking points by transalkylation reactions of C-N bonds under strain and temperature. They can thus be reshaped and recycled without significant loss of their properties, which constitute the first example of functional vitrimer.The properties of these materials, as well as the rapidity, the versatility and the flexibility of their syntheses constitute a major breakthrough in the field of ion conducting polymer materials and their applications
Bourgeois, Cury Aude. "Synthèse d'amines encombrées de squelette azanorbornane en vue de leur utilisation comme stabilisants UV". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10123.
Texto completo da fonteGatard, Sylvain. "Nouveaux complexes ruthenium-carbene : synthèse et application à l'amorçage de polymérisation par les métallodendrimères". Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12575.
Texto completo da fonteOkhay, Nidhal. "Synthèse de réseaux polymères thermoréversibles par réaction de Diels-Alder". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951977.
Texto completo da fonteHayki, Najib. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux polymères obtenus à partir de l'éthylcétène". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633323.
Texto completo da fonteBenouargha, Amina. "Nouvelles méthodologies en synthèse peptidique : N-protection des aminoacides par trifluoroacétylation : réactifs de couplage supportés sur polymères/ par Amina Benouargha". Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20216.
Texto completo da fonteHuang, Yong-Sheng. "Utilisation de nouveaux types de ligands en chimie du ruthénium : synthèse et application de complexes pyridilphosphonate, arènes et polymères du ruthénium III et II". Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30226.
Texto completo da fonteTeulere, Coralie. "Nouvelle méthodologie pour la synthèse de polymères en brosse et conception de systèmes de purification reposant sur la chimie covalente réversible". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET035.
Texto completo da fonteThanks to their unique structure, brush polymers are of high interest in numerous fields and have been exploited as formulation additives or to prepare bulk materials with novel properties. In this thesis, a new methodology to prepare molecular brushes via radical transfer is presented. This method relies on the use of polythiol copolymers as multifunctional macrotransfer agents to grow side-chains via radical transfer to pendant thiols. Kinetic studies indicated that side-chains grown at different stages of the polymerization could display significantly different degrees of polymerization, which reflects both the drift of [M]/[SH] ratio and the change of the transfer constant during the polymerization. By using the appropriate ratio of radical initiator to thiol groups, it was demonstrated that brushes with no detectable free chains could be prepared. This study offers a straightforward and robust route to prepare molecular brushes with adjustable grafting density, side-chain nature and degree of polymerization. This synthetic methodology was successfully applied to the preparation of amphiphilic brush polymers. Those polymers self-assemble in water to form stable core-shell micelles. Brush polymers can also be grown from solid substrates, like those used in this thesis to improve molecules separation. Indeed, a new concept to purify reaction medium using recyclable and functional inorganic (nano)particles has been developed. A first approach based on particles functionalized with small molecules able to reversibly bind impurities gave very promising results
Miquelard-Garnier, Guillaume. "Synthèse et propriétés mécaniques d'hydrogels polyélectrolytes modifiés par des groupements hydrophobes". Paris 6, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343871.
Texto completo da fonteElloumi, Amira. "Synthèse de nouveaux polymères issus de la biomasse pour applications dans le domaine des energies alternatives". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1271.
Texto completo da fonteThe syntheses of partially biobased poly(1,2,3-triazolium)s were first investigated by reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of tailor-made 1,2,3- triazole-functionalized (meth)acrylate monomers derived from levulinic acid followed by N-alkylation of the 1,2,3-triazole moieties and subsequent anion exchange. Control over RAFT polymerization was ascertained, and dormant chain-ends of 1,2,3-triazole-functionalized polymethacrylate could be re-activated to afford neutral and charged BCPs. Sequential RAFT polymerizations of 1,2,3-triazole-functionalized methacrylate and styrene followed by N-alkylation and anion exchange reactions, affords two poly(1,2,3-triazole) and two poly(1,2,3-triazolium)-based diblock copolymers (BCPs) with different weight fractions of each block. Structure/properties relationships of all obtained materials were discussed and ionic conductivity poly(1,2,3-triazolium)s was assessed. The morphological and self-assembling properties of neutral and charged BCPs in bulk and in thin films were investigated
Brissard, Muriel. "Synthèse énantiosélective de réseaux bimétalliques optiquement actifs : relation entre propriétés optiques et magnétisme". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066055.
Texto completo da fonteLabbé, Amélie. "Polymérisation anionique des époxydes et des éthers glycidiques par activation du monomère : régulation de la réactivité et application à la synthèse de polymères fonctionnels". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13481.
Texto completo da fonteMora, Henri. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux polymères porteurs d'unités TTF utilisables dans les domaines de la microlithographie et des semi-conducteurs". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20253.
Texto completo da fonteSerhani, Driss. "Synthèse de nouveaux précurseurs de type tétrathiafulvalène utilisables dans les domaines de la microlithographie et des matériaux organiques conducteurs". Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20302.
Texto completo da fonte