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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Polymères – Synthèse (chimie)"
Zhao, Yuxi. "Synthèse de donneurs d’électrons organiques : application en synthèse organique et chimie des polymères". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0156.
Texto completo da fonteOrganic electron donors (OEDs) with exceptionally negative redox potentials have attracted considerable attention in organic synthesis as powerful reducers. They enable the spontaneous transfer of one or two electrons to organic substrates, to form radical or anionic intermediates. Nevertheless, the structural diversity of OEDs is limited and their application scope quite narrow. In this thesis, we first developed novel libraries of OEDs in order to identify new families of organic reducers, broaden the range of redox potentials and access new reducing reactivities. Appropriate structural modulations on seven categories of iminium salts gave access to powerful OED with various reducing abilities. It also allowed to rationalize the factors governing single- or double-electron transfers according to the OED structures and the reaction conditions. A more thorough mechanistic investigation was conducted to formally confirm the active electron donor species at work.Finally, OEDs also appeared to be remarkable organic redox initiating systems for both free radical and anionic polymerization reactions. While the anionic propagation was promoted by direct reduction of the monomer, simple addition of a competing oxidant with a higher reduction potential allowed to switch to a clean free radical propagation process. Scope investigation exhibited excellent applicability of these self-initiating polymerization strategies, which enabled the preparation of a large array of (co-)polymers with high added values
Adjidjonou, Kossi. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères supports chiraux : application à la réduction asymétrique". Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10110.
Texto completo da fonteGingras, Émilie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères ioniques à base de 2,7-carbazole". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27554/27554.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAdhami, Wissal. "Synthèse verte de polymères dans un système en flux". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R037.
Texto completo da fonteGreen chemistry is an attractive field which has evolved over the past twenty years and aims to develop products that do not harm the environment using eco-responsible syntheses. This work focuses on the green synthesis of polyesters which are considered as important synthetic polymers due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Polyesters are obtained by two main routes: polymerization by polycondensation of diacids with diols which is the most widely used route, and polymerization by ring opening of lactones, lactides or cyclic carbonate (Ring Opening Polymerization, ROP). Polycondensation requires harsh reaction conditions to promote the condensation reaction by removing a water molecule between the acid and alcohol functional groups in order to achieve high conversions. Recently, flow synthesis techniques have allowed better control of organic synthesis and polymerization reactions. We have studied the enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (e-ROP) of lactones using Novozym® 435 lipase as a catalyst immobilized on porous flow beads to develop controlled polymerization that respects the principles of green chemistry. The porous beads were introduced into a tubular reactor made of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) with an internal diameter = 1.55 mm. We were able to polymerize ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) with a 100 % conversion rate (conv) and a dispersity (Đ) of 1.3 and δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) (conv = 93%, Đ = 1.27 respectively). Copolymers have also been synthesized. We have also studied the catalysis of ring-opening polymerization by phosphazenes which are organic superbases. The basicity of phosphazene governs the reaction: the highest basicity lead to the highest yield in spite of poorer dispersity. The best yields were obtained using P4-t-Bu (pK = 41.9) as catalyst for polymerizing ε-CL and δ-VL at room temperature, with values of 96% and 93% respectively. When P2-t-Bu (pK = 33.5) was used, a lower conversion of 45% was obtained but with a very good dispersity Đ = 1.08. We also worked on polycondensation using new organic catalysts with hydrophobic parts in their structures allowing the elimination of water or alcohol co-products which limit the course of the reaction. Thus we have studied the polycondensation between diols and diacids or diesters catalyzed by diphenylammonium triflate (DPAT) or pentafluorophenylammonium triflate (PFPAT) in batch. We obtained oligomers by polyesterification between succinic acid and butanediol using DPAT or PFPAT as catalysts with conversions of 76% and 67% respectively. Finally, we investigated photo-induced atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in a flow system using Eosin Y, an inexpensive organic compound that absorbs in the green (530 nm) to catalyze the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) which can be synthesized with a 91% conversion rate and a dispersity Đ of 1.42. The lively appearance of these polymers has been demonstrated by the success of subsequent copolymerizations. In conclusion, we have shown that flow chemistry allows polymer synthesis with better control of polymerization compared to flask synthesis. This better control makes it possible to obtain polymers with high yield, low dispersity and a molar mass close to the theoretical value
Nguyen, Thi Le Anh. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères de coordination présentant des propriétés redox". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0050.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is devoted to the synthesis and characterization (structures and physicochemical properties) of novel crystalline coordination polymers (also called MOFs), either porous or not, which possess redox properties. Two approaches have been developed in order to obtain such materials. The first one is based on the use of redox-active ligand (TetraThiaFulvalene TetraCarboxylic acid or (TTF-TC)H4), the other on the use of an active metallic cation (titanium). Conventional hydro- or solvo-thermal synthesis allowed the preparation of few solids, in which the redox centers adopt their classical oxidation state (TTF0, TiIV). Their structures, as well as their thermal and structural properties have been studied. Their redox properties have been exploited by means of post-synthesis processes (photoreduction or use as electrodes for lithium ion batteries). Using coupled electro-hydrothermal conditions, another solid was produced, this time based on the oxidized form of TTF-TC. The properties of this solid, among which its electronic conductivity, have been evaluated
Senhaji, Omar. "Synthèse de tensioactifs méthacryliques et étude physico-chimique de leurs télomères et polymères". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20033.
Texto completo da fonteLebreton, Arnaud. "Synthèse de polymères en étoile par amorçage pluricarbanionique". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009394.
Texto completo da fonteChicart, Philippe. "Oligomères et polymères organosiliciés : synthèse et caractérisation de silacyclophanes et de polysilarylènes". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20238.
Texto completo da fonteDégoué, Émilie. "Contrôle de la toxicité dans la synthèse des polyuréthanes : optimisation des réactions et nouvelles stratégies de masquage par des composés à réactivité orthogonale". Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0031/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with several ways to decrease the content of free diisocyanate monomer, often toxic, in polyurethane prepolymers obtained by polyaddition. Three paths were investigated: optimization of formulations and process, and capping with monofunctional agents or orthogonal reactivity compounds. The substitution of a symmetric diisocyanate with a totally asymmetric one, in which one of the two NCO functions is much more reactive, resulted in prepolymers with a monomer content lower than 1%. This way, however, was only efficient with polypropylene glycol oligomers. For the reaction with more reactive macrodiols, the difference in reactivity of the isocyanate groups decreases. For prepolymers with high short macrodiol content, chain interactions, through hydrogen bonds, seem to be easier which, in addition to a decrease in free monomer content, lead to an important increase in viscosity. Thus, for these formulations, the possible improvements through optimization of classical reactions seem to be limited. Finally, in a new approach, the capping of NCO groups by orthogonal reactivity compounds, such as glycerol carbonate, led to a non volatile and certainly less toxic free monomer. Moreover, these compounds are able to extend the capped chains by another reaction and thus limit the amount of plasticizer. Capping, however, involves a decrease in the amount of urea bonds which contribute to hard segments in materials, and a compromise is still necessary to obtain a high hardness
Balarezo, Mauricio. "Synthèse de (co)polymères biosourcés par polymérisation radicalaire (contrôlée)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS006.
Texto completo da fonteTo be more respectful of the environment, chemists are moving more and more towards green and eco-responsible chemistry. In this context, we wished, in this thesis, to develop the synthesis of biosourced (co)polymers by radical polymerization using particularly reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). Indeed, this polymerization technique has allowed great progress in polymer chemistry because it combines the simplicity of radical polymerization with the advantages of living polymerizations for the development of well-defined macromolecular architectures. To achieve this, the biobased monomers used must contain a polymerizable function. Therefore, either biobased monomers or biobased molecules that have been functionalized were used. Among the RDRP methods, we opted for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. We also combined this method with the "PISA" (polymerization-induced self-assembly) approach to generate biosourced amphiphilic block copolymers in a green solvent (mainly water) and thus obtain polymeric particles with spherical morphology. For the solvophilic block, we first opted for poly(acrylic acid) because acrylic acid (AA) can be obtained from renewable resources. We then also looked at two other biobased monomers: itaconic acid (IA) and α-methylene-γ- butyrolactone (MBL). Regarding the solvophobic block, we were first interested in menthol, a terpene with a hydroxyl function that was functionalized with an acrylate group. This allowed us to synthesize for the first time biosourced nanoparticles using the RAFT-PISA process in dispersion in a green solvent. In a second step, we worked on two lignin-derived styrenic monomers, acetylated vinyl guaiacol (AcVG) and para-acetoxystyrene (AcST). Spherical nanoparticles whose diameter can be modulated with the length of the hydrophobic block were obtained using the RAFT-PISA process in water emulsion
Livros sobre o assunto "Polymères – Synthèse (chimie)"
Mercier, Jean-Pierre. Chimie des polymères: Synthèses, réactions, dégradations. Lausanne: Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, 1993.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteSchubert, U. Synthesis of inorganic materials. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2000.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteMaréchal, Ernest, e Jean-Pierre Mercier. Traité des matériaux, tome 13 : Chimie des polymères. Synthèses, réactions, dégradations. Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, 1996.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteAguado, Jose, Clark James H, David P. Serrano, M. J. Braithwaite e R. S. Drago. Feedstock Recycling of Plastic Wastes. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2007.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteClark, J. H., J. Aguado e D. Serrano. Feedstock Recycling of Plastic Wastes (Royal Society of Chemistry Clean Technology Monographs). Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Polymères – Synthèse (chimie)"
Fontanille, Michel, e Yves Gnanou. "10. Synthèse macromoléculaire". In Chimie et physico-chimie des polymères, 335–58. Dunod, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dunod.fonta.2014.01.0335.
Texto completo da fonte