Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Polyéthylène haute densité (PEDH)"
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Starck, Patrick. "Etude du frottement et du transfert commençants du polyéthylène haute densité (PEhd)". Mulhouse, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MULH0002.
Texto completo da fonteDouminge, Ludovic. "Etude du comportement du polyéthylène haute densité sous irradiation ultraviolette ou sollicitation mécanique par spectroscopie de fluorescence". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541017.
Texto completo da fonteQuezel-Castraz, Vincent. "Développement et optimisation mécanique d'un filtre innovant pour le traitement de l’eau potable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESMA0011.
Texto completo da fonteThis study focuses on adapting a gravity filtration technology for water treatment. In order to reduce manufacturing costs and limit harmful interaction with aggressive aqueous media, it is worth considering the transition from stainless steel structures to a polymer-based system. These gravity filters are placed under a filter media bed, usually sand. Not easily accessible once installed, they must be sized for a long service life. During use, a gravity filter is mechanically stressed by daily filtration and washing cycles. These long operating phases put a strain on the structure. Media pressure and hydraulic flow result in bending stresses during filtration, and washing. Because of this bending stress, it is worth considering and studying the use of a single-material sandwich structure (skin-foam-skin) to facilitate recycling. A pre-design and optimization phase has enabled us to develop an initial concept that is viable on an industrial scale.The selected polymer is high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a semi-crystalline whose amorphous phase has a major influence on its viscous behavior. To predict long-term behavior, the use of the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) is necessary and indispensable. This principle is restricted to a range of temperatures depending on microstructural transitions. Furthermore, for this grade of material, the literature indicates that under a Von Mises stress of 5 MPa, creep deformation remains limited, as does post-recovery plastic deformation, which is desirable for the structure under test. Thermo-mechanical tensile tests are carried out under different stress paths (monotonic, load-discharge, creep-recovery) at different strain rates, stresses and temperatures, in order to identify a behavior law with the best possible accuracy. Creep master curves reconstructed at different imposed stresses enable us to assess behavior over more than 20 years. The behavior of HDPE is defined by a viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior law. The viscoelastic component is defined by internal variables within the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The viscoplastic part is introduced by the Norton-Bailey model. This law of behavior correctly predicts thermo-flow and recovery and, with a slight deviation, monotonic tractions at different deformation speeds to capture loading inversions (filtration, washing). In parallel, the foam is being studied through an identification coupling of its architecture and its behavior in compression, while making a compromise in the description within the framework of an industrial calculation.To test cycles representative of the gravity filter, a 3-point bending fixture with load reversal capability was designed, built, and developed. Experiments over 120 filtration-washing cycles at two different temperatures demonstrate the application of TTSP. 3-point bending tests and creep cycles with inversion are used to validate the behavior law for HDPE alone and for the skin-foam-skin sandwich.The final part of this manuscript focuses on the gravity filter, with an approach to manufacturing and calculating the structure in operation. Interaction with various industrial players has enabled us to define a prototype that can be used on a hydraulic test bench. This prototype is modeled and then simulated using the identified behavior law to provide an initial estimate of the filtration system's response during use
Chaffraix, Vincent. "Étude de l'extrusion du polyéthylène térephtalate et de ses mélanges non-compatibilisés avec le polyéthylène haute densité". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443716.
Texto completo da fonteYezza, Abdessalem. "Résistance à la fissuration sous contraintes des soudures des géomembranes polyéthylène haute densité". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65595.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMrabet, Kaïs. "Comportement mécanique en grandes déformations du polyéthylène haute densité : approche thermodynamique de l'état relaxé". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL036N.
Texto completo da fonteThe semicrystalline polymers are the subject of many scientific researchs aiming to understanding their microscopic mechanisms of deformation. Nevertheless, the modelling which we currently find in the literature do not approach the mechanical tests with unloading or the cyclic tests at large strains. Among the reasons of these insufficiencies appears themultiplicity of the internal reorganization processes which is seldom described finely in the physical modelling. Moreover, a main aspect of the semicrystalline polymer behaviour is often ignored, it acts of the relaxed state. Within the framework of formalism Distribution of Non Linear Relaxation (D. N. L. R. ), we are interested more closely in these two aspects of the mechanical behaviour: multiplicity of the mechanisms, relaxed state. To clarify these two concepts, the objective was to characterize the relaxed state at large strains and to propose a physical modelling based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and on the microscopic aspects of the deformation. The distribution of the weights of the various modes has been described following observations given by a clip tests. The material used is the High Density Polyethylene HOPE. The tests were carried out with VideoTraction technology. The relaxed state modulus measured during tension loading is definitely more important than that of the unloading, which translates a damage phenomenon. The irreversibility of the relaxed state imposes that the modelling must use a functional formulation which integrates the memory effect and damage. In addition, the dip test has shawn the presence of mechanical cross over. A bibliographical study showed that this phenomenon is closely related to the processes multiplicity. Thus, we have shawn that the modal partition adopted in practice has to be re-examined. We have shawn that the modelling set up is able to reproduce complex loadings, in particular the cyclic tests with relaxation, and to predict behavior very depending on the. Loading history and the irreversible relaxed state
Chaffraix, Vincent. "Etude de l'extrusion du polyéthylène térephtalate et de ses mélanges non-compatibilisés avec le polyéthylène haute densité : Application au recyclage". Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1123.
Texto completo da fonteZaydouri, Abdelhadi. "Etude d'un polyéthylène haute densité irradié aux électrons : apport de la spectroscopie d'annihilation de positron". Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2050.
Texto completo da fonteThis Work concerns the effects induced by irradiation in HDPE. Irradiations were undertaken using 2. MeV electrons, and were performed in air with doses ranging Hom 1 kGy to 1500 kGy. On the one hand, the use of positron annihilation spectroscopy allowed us to study the microstructure of the irradiated samples, by a tour-component analysis of positron and positronium lifetime spectra. An analysis of the Doppler broadening of the annihilation line peak was also conducted. On the other hand, more conventional techniques of micro-structural characterization, such as DSC, X-ray diffraction and swelling by para-xylene have provided support to the interpretation of changes in measures arising from Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy. Very interesting notable results were thereby revealed about the existence of a maximum at 250 kGy for the annihilation of ortho-positronium in the crystalline phase, which coincides with the appearance of a multiple melting. This change in phase is completely invisible when using WAXS. In addition, samples of irradiated polyethylenes were analyzed by GPC, confirming the predominance of crosslinking from above 250 kGy. We have also been able to demonstrate the disappearance of certain induced changes due to heating
Tireau, Jonathan. "Propriétés à long terme des gaines de polyéthylène haute densité utilisées pour les ponts à haubans". Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENAMA001.
Texto completo da fonteHigh density polyethylene (HDPE) is commonly used in civil engineering applications due to its low cost, easy processability, barrier properties, good impermeability and chemical resistance. However, in external environment, several factors such as washing by rain water, ultraviolet radiations (UV) and seasonal temperature variations can cause chemical degradation of HDPE and lead to its embrittlement. The objective of this thesis is firstly, to contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the durability of HDPE, and secondly, to establish a methodology for diagnosing the state of degradation of industrial sheaths aged on site. For this first part, we studied the process of antioxidants loss during thermal aging in air or water, for HDPE films containing controlled amounts of phenolic and phosphite stabilizers. The second part was devoted to a detailed study of thermo- and photo-oxidation mechanisms of pure HDPE films. Using a multi-scale and multi-technique approach it was possible to assess the impact of accelerated aging on the chemical composition, on the macromolecular and crystalline structures and on the used properties of HDPE. In the last part, the same type of approach has been applied to industrial HDPE sheaths aged on site in order to identify the predominant mechanisms involved in natural aging. Results were discussed in light of the thermal and photochemical mechanisms previously identified for model HDPE films
Sadeghi, Vahid. "Effet des modifications de surface sur les propriétés morphologiques et mécaniques de composites à base de coquille de sarrasin et de polyéthylène". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69130.
Texto completo da fonteThis project focuses on the production and characterization of composites based on a thermoplastic polymer (high density polyethylene) and a natural fiber (buckwheat shells) as a valorization of the latter. The samples were prepared with three different compounds. The first part deals with untreated shells used directly in the polymer matrix. The second part deals with the shells treated (mercerization) before their introduction into the polymer matrix, while the final part deals with the shells treated with the addition of a coupling agent(polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride). All the samples were prepared at concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40% by weight of buckwheat shells to compare with the matrix alone (0%). Plates were then made by compression molding to prepare the test specimens. The morphological (scanning electron microscopy), physical (density and hardness) and mechanical (tension, bending and impact) characteristics were measured on the samples produced. Based on the results obtained, it was observed that some mechanical and physical properties were improved, but only by using the alkali treatment in combination with the coupling agent. In general, the best results were obtained for a concentration of 30% by weight.
Pons, Carlota. "Durabilité des géomembranes en polyéthylène haute densité utilisées dans les installations de stockage de déchets non dangereux". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787951.
Texto completo da fonteArieby, Rida. "Caractérisation mécanique et modélisation thermodynamique du comportement anisotrope du polyéthylène à haute densité. Intégration des effets d'endommagement". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL085N/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge of the mechanical behavior in large strains of anisotropic High Density PolyEthylene (HDPE), obtained by extrusion of plates. We present the experimental procedure and the results for traction, with unloading, reloading and relaxation in monotonous and cyclic conditions. This work is also concerned with the measure in real time of the volume strain due to the phenomena of damage. The results are given for various orientations of specimen within the extruded plates. The thermodynamic modeling of the whole the results, is the subject of an original development leading to the unified prediction of measures in 3D: axial true stress, transverse true strains. The model also predicts the development of the damage and offer the possibility to introduce a tensorial damage variable. The identification of the model parameters on the basis of experimental data leads to physical quantities in conformity with the characteristics of the microstructure. This work opens the prospect for an enrichment of the thermodynamic approach in the direction of the prediction of the induced plastic anisotropy of semi-crystalline polymers
Hu, Lei. "Utilisation des lignines industrielles comme renfort dans les composites à base de polyéthylène". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25543.
Texto completo da fonteThis PhD project was carried out to promote the use of industrial lignins in polyethylene biocomposites production, which contributes to decease the generation of greenhouse gases by replacement of synthetic by renewable source polymers. Several methods were developed to improve the compatibility between industrial lignins and polyethylene. In the first part of this work, a literature review is presented in order to clarify the effect of lignin addition on the mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of thermoplastic materials. The existing methods of enhancing lignin-based composites' compatibility are also summarized. Afterwards, four compatibilization approaches for Kraft lignin-HDPE composites are investigated: partial esterification of lignin, surface esterification of lignin, catalytic grafting of polyethylene onto lignin surface, and adding a modified copolymer based on poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) (SEBS). It was found that modified SEBS behaved as compatibilizers for Kraft lignin-HDPE composites, whereas the other three methods failed to increase the mechanical properties of the composites. The second part was devoted to the development of new unreactive compatibilizers based on SEBS for lignin-polyethylene composites. SEBS was subjected to nitration followed by amination in order to obtain functionalized copolymers (SEBS-NO2 and SEBS-NH2). SEBS-NO2 is shown to be less efficient than SEBS-NH2, the latter displaying compatibilizing efficiency comparable to that of a reactive compatibilizer (MAPE). The morphological and mechanical properties of lignin-polyethylene composites are improved by adding SEBS-NH2. Finally, a facile and low-cost method to improve the compatibility of lignin-polyethylene is suggested and investigated, which is radical-mediated melt grafting. It is confirmed that free-radical treatment exerted negative effects on the mechanical properties of neat HDPE. However, melt grafting efficiently improves the compatibility of the composites containing up to 60 wt% of Kraft lignin or esterified lignin. A detailed study of the effect of lignin esterification and adding free-radical generator on the properties of the composites is reported. Keywords: Lignins; polyethylene; composites; compatibilization; greenhouse gases.
Elmeguenni, Mohamed. "Effet de la triaxialité sur le comportement et la rupture du polyéthylène haute densité : approches expérimentales et numériques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10035.
Texto completo da fonteIn a first part of this thesis, an experimental approach based on macroscopic measurements and microscopic observations (SEM and OM) led to a better understanding of damage mechanisms in high density polyethylene (HDPE) and its stress triaxiality sensitivity. In order to examine higher stress triaxiality values, cracked samples were experimentally examined in a second part. Based on the obtained results, the relevance of the fracture mechanics concepts to characterize the fracture toughness of HDPE was critically discussed. The investigation was performed using two well-known approaches of the fracture mechanics – J-integral and EWF – using different specimen configurations (SENB, CT and DENT). To gain insight into the strain field around the crack tip, digital image correlation method was used. The third part was focused on the demonstration of the relevance of ductile damage models (based on the void volume evolution as indicator of damage) to predict the mechanical and damage behaviour of HDPE and that, until complete failure. A special attention was paid on the stress triaxiality effects. Two failure criteria using complementary approaches were examined. These approaches were found relevant in the case of HDPE. Indeed, a good agreement was found between the numerical simulations and the experimental results in terms of overall response of axisymmetric samples (true stress-strain-volumetric response) and of cracked samples (load-displacement response) and in terms of local response corresponding to kinematics fields
Doyer, Virginie. "Greffage de polyorganophosphazène sur polymères organiques : application au greffage sur copolymère éthylène-alcool vinylique et sur polyéthylène haute densité". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10138.
Texto completo da fonteTran, Ngoc Giang. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de l'influence des interactions contenant/contenu sur le comportement élasto-viscoplastique d'emballages en polyéthylène haute densité". Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS037/document.
Texto completo da fonteAs part of this thesis, we studied the container-content interaction between a high-density polyethylene-based packaging (HDPE) and amyl acetate considered as diffusing agent. We were specifically interested in the impact of sorption and diffusion phenomenon on mechanical properties of HDPE bottles under static and creep conditions at different stages of physical aging. Several uniaxialtests have been performed on samples cut from bottles and structural tests have been performed on bottles. The analysis of such various experimental results has highlighted in particular the Fickean nature of the diffusion phenomenon and the fall of the vertical compression strength. We have then focused onthe modeling of the mechanical behavior of HDPE taking into account the mass transfer induced by the diffusion phenomenon. Elasto-viscoplastic and creep models have been proposed and implemented in the finite elements code ABAQUS. The parameters of these models have been identified from simple tests by solving an optimization problem, and thus identified models have been validated by numerical simulation of vertical compression of HDPE bottles. Numerical results are in very good agreement with experimental measurements
Dallali, Manel. "Analyse de la sécurité et de la protection anti-bélier des conduites coudées d'adduction d'eau potable en polyéthylène haute densité". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0115.
Texto completo da fonteWater scarcity will be threatening more than 40% of the world population by 2050, more than 240 million people will not have a source of improved water. In fact, to ensure a sustainable management of this resource, the minimization of the leakages in drinking-water supply network is vital. Pipe rupture, a frequent phenomenon in urban zones, starts with a defect, under the effect of constraints caused by an unusual over pressure: Water Hammer. Since the 80s, polyethylene is being widely considered in manufacturing the pipelines water supply networks. Nevertheless, junctions are the most dangerous zones in the networks. As a result, it is vital to study the tear resistance of the angled conducts in PEHD. To solve this problem, a study is approached with an experimental investigation and a digital approach by fine elements in order to characterize the behavior in the fissuring of pipe bends PE100. Two methodologies are proposed to determine the tenacity of the PEHD: the method of the J-integral and the method of the sharp's movement opening of crack "CTOD ". The combination of these tools permits to choose the critical value of the integral J as a value of the tenacity of the HDPE. In addition, a simplified formula was proposed based on the calculation of the J-integral as a function of the pressure in water supply networks in the presence of a superficial defect. Finally, the water hammer phenomenon was investigated in order to determine the overpressure with a mathematical model which was developed in this thesis. The fluid-structure interaction was found to be important in defining the pressure at elbow pipe
Cazenave, Julien. "Sur le compromis rigidité / durabilité du Polyéthylène Haute Densité en relation avec la structure de chaîne, la microstructure et la topologie moléculaire issues de la cristallisation". Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0030/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteOn account of their excellent mechanical properties, last generation HDPE cannot be discriminate with common time life tests, which governs the processing. The two objectives of this thesis are, on the one hand, the understanding of this behaviour and, on the other hand, the establishment of a short time mechanical test that enables to classify the largest resin panel. This work deals with an analysis of the mechanical properties in relation with the microstructure and the molecular architecture of PE from 4 catalyse types. The aim is to determine the influence of every molecular parameter on long term properties for a ‘‘fuel tank” application. The analysis of structural properties at different scale levels using density measurement, GPC, MNR or DSC reveals the impact of catalysis on every parameter. Environmental Stress Cracking Resistance (ESCR), creep, relaxation or uniaxiale tensile, have been investigated. Demonstration is made that the natural draw ratio, that represents the extensibility of the macromolecular network, is able to discriminate materials with very close physical properties. Finally, the microstructure evolution under load was studied using a creep device coupled with SAXS. The results show that mechanical behaviour is deeply connected with the molecular topology that builds up during crystallization. This topology that includes tie molecules and chain entanglement is directly assigned to the molecular architecture resulting from synthesis
Yazoghli-Marzouk, Sonia. "Contribution à la valorisation des emballages alimentaires de post-consommation en polyéthylène téréphtalate et en polyéthylène haute densité : Etude de faisabilité et évaluation des performances physico-mécaniques, hydriques et thermiques". Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0527.
Texto completo da fonteFaure, Florent. "Étude du vieillissement hygrothermique et sous UV de composites préparés à partir de Polyéthylène Haute Densité et de différentes farines de fibres naturelles". Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS536.
Texto completo da fonteThis research project is part of a partnership between the IRDL and a major European wood plastic composite company. The objectives of this project are to estimate the durability of wood plastic composites (WPC) intended for use in the outdoor environment and to study possible ways of their improvement. The ageing mechanisms of WPC are often linked to the action of water, so relatively long water absorption tests are used to ensure as a first approximation of the good durability of these mixtures. A water absorption protocol is developed in this thesis to improve these tests and allows to obtain in a relatively short time the water absorption properties of the tested WPC (water saturation, diffusion kinetics). The pseudo-Fickian behavior of composites is modelled from mathematical models using a coefficient defined as swelling stress. Hypotheses (porosity, mechanics...) are investigated to identify the characteristics of constituents which can influence water absorption of composites. An accelerated ageing protocol is applied to determine the degradation mechanisms of different composites. Finally, new natural flours (rapeseed, miscanthus, sunflower, etc.) are studied to substitute wood flour. The properties of new flours and composites are compared to wood flour and wood composite
Mariotti, Nicolas. "Utilisation de lignines Kraft comme agent de couplage dans des composites à base de polyéthylène de haute densité (HDPE) contenant des fibres d’écorce". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25236.
Texto completo da fonteThis research work is divided into three parts. The first part is dedicated to the review of different approaches discussed in the literature concerning wood-plastic composites (WPC) and different possibilities while highlighting the preliminary results obtained. It also reported the potential of lignin as coupling agent. In the second part, the optimization of the effectiveness of this new type of coupling agent combining modified lignin with a commercial coupling agent (polyethylene maleate: MAPE) is discussed. Finally, the performance of the selected composites upon the freeze-thaw resistance tests and the effect of extractions (water and soda) on the characteristics (flexural and tensile properties) of composites containing bark fibers and modified lignin are presented in the last part. The problem of compatibility between the constituents of WPC is related to the extremely opposite characteristics of natural fibers and the polymer matrix. A multitude of physical or chemical treatments can improve compatibility and the interfacial interactions between components. The environmental and economic impact of the use of petroleum chemicals and the demand to valorize the co-products of wood transformation offers the possibility of using esterified lignin in the production of a new generation of WPC. We have demonstrated the feasibility of composite based on high density polyethylene (HDPE) containing 30% of black spruce bark fibers, with 5% (based on the mass of bark) of Kraft lignin esterified by maleic anhydride. The combination of esterified Kraft lignin with the MAPE (at equal levels) has been demonstrated to improve the compatibility between the bark fibers and the matrix. Given that natural fibers contain lignin, the esterified lignin (with succinic and maleic anhydride) is supposed to create a structure which acts as bond between the bark fibers and the hydrophobic matrix (HDPE). This action is related to the high porosity of esterified lignin as revealed by SEM, which allows for mechanical anchoring due to van der Waals or π–π interactions. The effect of the structure of coupling agent on the mechanical properties of the composites has been determined. A statistical analysis performed on the collected data made it possible to determine the best settings of parameters for optimal mechanical properties of composites, designed through the innovative approach of using esterified Kraft lignin as a coupling agent for WPC. Finally, the effect of water and soda extractions of bark fibers prior to their incorporation into composites was studied, on the mechanical characteristics of the composites. The composites with best mechanical performance were finally tested regarding freeze-thaw resistance since an outside application of the material, is anticipated in the Quebec context. However, the test for resistance to freeze-thaw positively influences the characteristics of WPC. It has been shown that different extractions do not affect the mechanical properties (flexural and tensile). Better behavior was found for formulations with a coupling agent combining lignin esterified with the MAPE.
Nikpour, Navid, e Navid Nikpour. "Production and characterization of natural fiber-polymer composites using ground tire rubber as impact modifier". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26699.
Texto completo da fonteCe travail porte sur la production et la caractérisation de matériaux composites hybrides basés sur un polymère thermoplastique (polyéthylène de haute densité, PEHD), une fibre naturelle (chanvre) et un caoutchouc recyclé provenant de pneus usés (GTR) comme modificateur d'impact. L'addition d'un agent de couplage (polyéthylène maléaté) est également étudiée. Les échantillons sont mélangés par extrusion à double-vis et fabriqués par un moulage en injection. À partir des échantillons obtenus, une caractérisation morphologique et mécanique complète est effectuée. Les résultats montrent que la bonne dispersion est obtenue en raison des bonnes conditions de mélanges sélectionnées et une bonne adhésion interfaciale entre toutes les phases est atteinte en raison de la présence d'anhydride maléique greffée au polyéthylène (MAPE). Enfin, pour des propriétés mécaniques choisies, des modèles de régression non-linéaire sont proposés pour prédire et contrôler les propriétés finales de ces composés par des comparaisons faites sur la base des propriétés de la matrice seule.
This work aims at the production and characterization of hybrid composites based on a thermoplastic polymer (high density polyethylene, HDPE), a natural fiber (hemp) as reinforcement and ground tire rubber (GTR) as an impact modifier. The addition of a coupling agent (maleated polyethylene) is also investigated. The samples are compounded by twin-screw extrusion and produced by injection molding. From the samples obtained, a complete morphological and mechanical characterization is performed. The results show that good dispersion is obtained due to the selected processing conditions and good interfacial adhesion between all the phases is achieved due to the presence of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE). Finally, for selected mechanical properties, nonlinear regression models are proposed to predict and control the final properties of these compounds and comparisons are made based on the neat matrix properties.
This work aims at the production and characterization of hybrid composites based on a thermoplastic polymer (high density polyethylene, HDPE), a natural fiber (hemp) as reinforcement and ground tire rubber (GTR) as an impact modifier. The addition of a coupling agent (maleated polyethylene) is also investigated. The samples are compounded by twin-screw extrusion and produced by injection molding. From the samples obtained, a complete morphological and mechanical characterization is performed. The results show that good dispersion is obtained due to the selected processing conditions and good interfacial adhesion between all the phases is achieved due to the presence of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE). Finally, for selected mechanical properties, nonlinear regression models are proposed to predict and control the final properties of these compounds and comparisons are made based on the neat matrix properties.
Kavianiboroujeni, Azam. "Mechanical characterization of wood plastic composite sandwich panels with foam core". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26391.
Texto completo da fonteLe but de ce travail est de produire et de caractériser des structures sandwich à trois couches asymétriques avec ou sans cœur moussé. Pour ce faire, le travail est divisé en deux sections. Dans la première partie, l'effet de la variation des quantités d'agent de couplage et de fibres sont étudiés. La microscopie et la caractérisation mécanique sont utilisées pour évaluer l'effet du polyéthylène greffé d’anhydride maléique (MAPE) sur l'amélioration de la compatibilité entre les fibres de chanvre et le polyéthylène de haute densité (HDPE). Les résultats montrent que les propriétés mécaniques optimales (tension, flexion, torsion et impact) sont obtenues à 9% en poids de MAPE. Dans la deuxième partie, des structures sandwich asymétriques à trois couches, avec ou sans cœur moussé, sont produites par extrusion suivi par un moulage en compression. Les effets de paramètres tels que la densité du cœur, la concentration en chanvre dans les peaux, les épaisseurs des couches et la séquence d'empilage sur leurs comportements en flexion et en impact sont étudiés. Les effets combinés de tous les paramètres mènent à contrôler les propriétés mécaniques (traction, torsion, flexion et impact) des structures sandwich asymétriques.
The aim of this work is to produce and characterize asymmetric three-layer sandwich structures with and without foam core. In order to do so, the work is divided in two sections. In the first part, the effect of coupling agent and fiber content is investigated. Micrographs and mechanical characterizations are used to show that the addition of maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) improved the compatibility between hemp and high density polyethylene (HDPE). It is found that the optimum mechanical properties (tension, flexion, torsion and impact) are obtained with 9% wt. of MAPE in the composite. In the second part, asymmetric three-layer sandwich structures with and without foam core were produced using extrusion followed by compression molding. The effect of different parameters such as core density, skin hemp content, layer thickness, and stacking sequence on their flexural and impact behaviors are studied. The combined effect of all the parameters was found to control the mechanical properties (tension, torsion, flexion and impact) of asymmetric sandwich structures.
Ferrandez, Pascal. "Adaptation de l'essai de bipoinçonnement à l'étude des polymères : influence des conditions de cristallisation sur le comportement rhéologique et tribologique d'un polyéthylène haute densité". Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0177.
Texto completo da fonteTissandier, Cédric. "Composites microcellulaires : production et caractérisation de structures asymétriques". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25274.
Texto completo da fonteBenoit, Nathalie. "Mechanical recycling of high density polyethylene/flax fiber composites". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27713.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the production, the mechanical recycling and the characterization of polymers and composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE) and flax fibers. It aims to determine the materials potential towards long-term recycling and to evaluate the resulting loss of performance. The recycling is realized by closed-loop extrusion, and repeated up to 50 times, without any addition of new material, and without any consideration of the possible degradation and contamination undergone during the life-cycle of the products. In the first part, a literature review presents the state of the art concerning the mechanical recycling of thermoplastic composites. The various types of composites recycling are introduced, as well as the various works conducted on the recycling of thermoplastic composites reinforced with both natural and inorganic fillers. Finally, the various limitations to the composites recycling are presented and some solutions are suggested. During this review an important lack of knowledge on the long-term mechanical recycling of these composites is observed. In the second part of this work, the high density polyethylene is studied and recycled in order to know its properties and its behavior towards recycling, as well as to be used as a comparison basis for the further parts. The study of the mechanical, thermal, molecular and physical properties leads to the better understanding of the various degradation mechanisms induced by mechanical recycling. The results show a decrease of the yield stress and an important increase of the strain at break with recycling, indicating that chain scissions take place in the polymer during recycling. Most of the other properties remained stable, and confirmed the conservation of the polymer performances with recycling. In the last part of this work, high density polyethylene is used to produce two series of composites with 15% wt. of flax fiber, with and without maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) as a coupling agent. Similar characterizations as for the matrix are conducted on both composites as to evaluate the effect of the fibers in the polymer matrix. A complete analysis of the fiber distribution is also performed to observe the effect of mechanical recycling on the fiber dimensions. The mechanical analysis reveals that the fibers provides an efficient reinforcement to the matrix, and especially with coupling agent, but the properties at break decrease. Nevertheless, this effect decreases with recycling, while the elongation properties increase due to the fiber size reduction. The effect of the coupling agent disappears with recycling. However, most mechanical properties remain higher for the composites after recycling than for the neat matrix.
Malveau, Cédric. "Microscopie RMN en phases liquide et solide par gradients de champ radiofréquenceApplication au PolyEthylène haute densité : structure du matériau et diffusion de solvant". Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10062.
Texto completo da fonteBou, malhab Nada. "Moulage par microinjection des polymères semi-cristallins". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00831028.
Texto completo da fonteMedard, Nicolas. "Elaboration par la technique des plasmas froids de nouveaux catalyseurs métallocène supportés par un film polymère". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009643.
Texto completo da fonteLes espèces réactives du plasma de dioxyde de carbone (ions, métastables,...) induisent une modification des propriétés physico-chimiques superficielles du polymère se traduisant principalement par une fonctionnalisation sous forme de groupements oxygénés. Une dégradation superficielle ainsi qu'une cristallisation et une réticulation sont également observées. La fonctionnalisation superficielle sous forme d'acides carboxyliques se produit suivant un mécanisme faisant intervenir les espèces actives CO2 du plasma. L'oxygène atomique (O3P et/ou O1D) créé lors de la décharge plasma apparaît largement responsable du processus de dégradation se caractérisant par l'apparition d'une faible rugosité en surface du matériau ainsi que par la formation de produits de faible masse.
La fixation du catalyseur métallocène (Ind2MCl2) a été réalisée par étapes successives sur le support de polyéthylène traité. L'existence d'une seule espèce catalytique liée à la surface de façon covalente permet la synthèse de polymères de distribution en masse étroite. La réutilisation du catalyseur supporté, sans perte notable d'activité, ni modification des caractéristiques du polymère synthétisé, est également montrée. Une modélisation moléculaire permet de définir la conformation méso comme étant d'un point de vue énergétique la plus stable et ce, de façon d'autant plus marquée que les interactions entre ligands aromatiques augmentent. La nature de la tacticité du polystyrène synthétisé est expliquée par la conformation du catalyseur supporté.
Bouaziz, Mohamed Ali. "Sécurité des réseaux d’adduction d’eau potable en présence de défaut superficiel sous l’effet du phénomène de coup de bélier". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0044/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe water crisis in the world and the shortage of water resources require good management of this precious resource. Good management requires, first and foremost, a reliable drinking water supply system with low leakage rate. Leakage caused by the rupture of pipes, fairly frequent phenomenon in urban areas, initiate from a pre-existing defect in the pipe wall. The initiation and propagation of the crack occur under environmental stress caused by passing vehicles, or it can happen brutally due to water hammer phenomenon. The severity of these phenomena depends on several parameters including the nature of the piping material. Polymeric materials such as HDPE, take a great part of the water transport market, thanks to their many qualities (reduced cost, ease of installation, flexibility), especially in secondary network distribution system. Currently, the use of this material in the supply networks (aqueducts) is booming but less studied in research works. The aim of the present work is to study the failure of high density polyethylene pipes for the supply of drinking water and their resistance to water hammer phenomenon. In order to address this issue, first we have characterized experimentally the mechanical fracture behavior of HDPE pipe. Then, we have developed a finite element calculation tool allowing the modeling of pipes subjected to internal pressure loads. As a result of this numerical study, we proposed a semi-empirical model linking the failure pressure to the size of pre-existing defects as well as the pipe dimensions. Finally, we applied the developed tools on an existing drinking water system. The behavior of HDPE pipe subjected to a water hammer phenomenon was analyzed
Mejri, Mahdi. "Études expérimentale et numérique du comportement en fatigue du polyéthylène haute densité renforcé avec des fibres courtes de bouleau". Thèse, 2019. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/9090/1/032317612.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBou, Malhab Nada. "Microinjection des polymères semi-cristallins : Microstructures et textures des matériaux". Phd thesis, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00764106.
Texto completo da fonteBlais, Philippe. "Approche stochastique de l'endommagement en fatigue d'engrenages en composite renforcé avec des fibres de bouleaux". Thèse, 2019. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9667/1/eprint9667.pdf.
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