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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Polya groups"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de janeiro de 2025

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1

Olaniyan, Ademola Olatide, e Nadaraj Govender. "EFFECTIVENESS OF POLYA PROBLEM-SOLVING AND TARGET-TASK COLLABORATIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN ELECTRICITY AMONGST HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICS STUDENTS". Journal of Baltic Science Education 17, n.º 5 (15 de outubro de 2018): 765–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/18.17.765.

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This research reports on the effectiveness of Polya Problem-Solving and Target-Task collaborative learning approaches in electricity amongst high school physics students. It also includes a gender focus. It was an experimental research with a pre-test post-test control group design. The experimental groups were exposed to Polya Problem-Solving approach and Target-Task collaborative learning approach while the control group were exposed to conventional teaching. A total of 180 students were selected and divided equally into three groups, 60 (male adolescent and female adolescent) each. The students were initially pre-tested, followed by teaching and learning in electricity using the treatments, and finally they were post-tested using the Performance Test in Current Electricity (PTCE). Data were analyzed quantitatively with descriptive statistics and ANCOVA, and the research hypotheses were tested at .05 alpha level of significance. The research confirmed that both the treatments, Polya Problem-Solving and Target-Task collaborative learning approaches enhanced the performance of the students based on gender and scoring abilities compared with the conventional teaching. Keywords: collaborative learning, conventional teaching, gender, performance, physics students’, Polya problem-solving, target-task.

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Siswanto, Siswanto, e Yulaikah Yulaikah. "Implementation of Cognitive Learning Theory in Polya Learning to Improve Mathematical Problem Solving Ability". Jurnal Analisa 9, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2023): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ja.v9i1.25026.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas penerapan teori pembelajaran kognitif dalam pembelajaran Polya terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa di salah satu SMA di Magelang menggunakan desain penelitian eksperimen. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 10 yang dibagi menjadi kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen menerima pembelajaran Polya dengan penerapan teori pembelajaran kognitif, sementara kelompok kontrol menerima pembelajaran Polya tanpa penerapan teori pembelajaran kognitif. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes dan observasi kelas. Hasil analisis data menggunakan software SPSS dengan teknik analisis statistik ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok. Selain itu, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan dalam kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa pada kelompok eksperimen setelah intervensi. Hasil analisis observasi kelas menunjukkan adanya peningkatan interaksi antara siswa dan guru serta penggunaan strategi metakognitif oleh siswa dalam kelompok eksperimen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan teori pembelajaran kognitif dalam pembelajaran Polya secara signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa di SMA di Magelang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penerapan teori pembelajaran kognitif dalam pembelajaran Polya sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa di SMA di Magelang. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the application of cognitive learning theory in Polya learning on the mathematical problem-solving ability of students in one of the high schools in Magelang using an experimental research design. The subjects of the study were 10th-grade students who were divided into an experimental group and a control group. Data were collected through classroom tests and observations. The results of data analysis using SPSS software with ANOVA statistical analysis techniques showed that there were significant differences between groups. In addition, the results of the analysis showed that there was a significant improvement in students' mathematical problem-solving abilities in the experimental group after the intervention. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of cognitive learning theory in Polya learning significantly improves the mathematical problem-solving ability of students in high school in Magelang. Therefore, this study recommends the application of cognitive learning theory in Polya learning as an alternative to improve students' mathematical problem-solving skills in high school in Magelang.

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TAKENAKA, S., M. MANABE, M. YOKOYAMA, M. NISHI, J. TANAKA e H. KONDO. "ChemInform Abstract: Specific Binding to PolyA of a Naphthalene Diimide Carrying Thymine Groups." ChemInform 27, n.º 24 (5 de agosto de 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199624155.

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Raja Rao, B., e K. G. Janardan. "The generalized Markov-Polya probability model for ascertainment of groups of individuals in social processes". Mathematical Biosciences 73, n.º 1 (março de 1985): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5564(85)90074-4.

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Cahyadi, Muhammad Rizki, Bhaskoro Prasetyo Adi Maryanto, Mohammad Syaifuddin e Rani Darmayanti. "Development of Essay Test Assessment Rubric for Polya Theory-Based Mathematical Problem-Solving". JNPM (Jurnal Nasional Pendidikan Matematika) 7, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2023): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/jnpm.v7i1.7724.

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Abstract. Assessment is an important part of the learning process. However, assessment is often carried out subjectively by the examiner, especially in essay tests. The scoring rubric is one of the solutions to minimize the subjectivity of the assessment to produce more objective and consistent grades. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an essay test assessment rubric. This study aims to produce a rubric for evaluating essay tests for mathematical problem-solving abilities based on Polya's theory. The method for developing an assessment rubric uses the Plomp model which consists of three phases, namely the initial research phase, the prototype phase, and the assessment phase. The results of the validity test by experts obtained a score of 3.40 on a scale of 1-4. The rubric of the validation results was then implicated in the assessment of the essay test given to 30 junior high school students. The implication of the rubric is as well as an empirical test of the effectiveness of the rubric. The empirical test results using three groups of raters obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.9290. Based on the results of validity tests and empirical tests, it can be concluded that the rubric for assessing essay tests for mathematical problem-solving abilities based on Polya theory is valid and feasible.Keywords: Mathematical Problem Solving, Polya, Rubric Assesment, Essay Test.

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LIANG, XUN. "COMPLEXITY OF ERROR HYPERSURFACES IN MULTILAYER PERCEPTRONS". International Journal of Neural Systems 14, n.º 03 (junho de 2004): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065704001978.

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Error hypersurfaces are very valuable to study because of their unique status in multilayer perceptron research. Given the architecture of a multilayer perceptron, if the pattern sets are different, so are the respective error hypersurfaces in the multilayer perceptron. Using the theory of groups and Polya Theorem, this paper constructs classes of congruent pattern sets and classes of congruent error hypersurfaces, and proves that the number of classes of congruent pattern sets is equal to the number of congruent error hypersurfaces. Calculation results lead to much fewer classes of congruent error hypersurfaces than the total error hypersurfaces, and show that as the input dimension N increases, the former number increases at a much lower rate than the latter number, thus simplifying the understanding of the complexity of classes of error hypersurfaces.

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Meilantifa, Meilantifa, e Endrayana Putut Laksminto Emanuel. "Commognitive Mahasiswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Kontekstual Pemodelan Matematika". Briliant: Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual 9, n.º 2 (30 de maio de 2024): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.28926/briliant.v9i2.1683.

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This research aims to describe students' cognitive abilities in mathematical modeling material. The methods used in this research are preparation, data collection, transcription and analysis. A total of nine students who were grouped into three groups were given mathematics problem sheets, containing contextual story problems consisting of one number regarding mathematical modeling. A student representing his group was selected as a research subject based on Polya indicators and was interviewed in a semi-structured and in-depth manner to dig up further information and then analyzed cognitively. The research results show that the research subjects can solve mathematical problems well. The subject can communicate ordinary sentences well into mathematical models. The components of words use, visual mediators, narratives, and routines show that students' cognitive ability in solving mathematical contextual problems is very good in mathematical modeling material.

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Alam, Sangga Patih, Sripatmi Sripatmi, Baidowi Baidowi e Amrullah Amrullah. "Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah High Order Thinking Skill Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Mataram Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021 Ditinjau Dari Prestasi Belajar Siswa". Griya Journal of Mathematics Education and Application 2, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2022): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/griya.v2i1.142.

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The research was aim to describe the ability of class VIII SMP Negeri 6 students 2020/2021 academic year in solving problems on HOTS questions nased on student learning achievement. This research is classified as qualitative-descriptive research. The subjects of this research were 37 students of class VIII D and VIII E of SMP Negeri 6 Mataram on the 2020/2021 academic year, the subjects were grouped according to the results of a high, medium, and low mathematics learning achievement by using results of the odd semester test for the 2020/2021 academic year as the reference. Data collection techniques used is test techniques and interview techniques. The test technique is 2 HOTS solving ability questions for number pattern material. The interview technique was used to obtain detailed information about the students' views on problem-solving steps on the questions. The results of HOTS problem-solving ability test were analyzed according to Polya stages of problem-solving abilities. Based on the results of data analysis of groups with high learning achievement students, 75% of students met the indicators of the stages of understanding problems and planning solutions, 100% of students fulfilled the stages of completing settlements, and no students were able to meet the stages of re-examination. From the group of students with moderate learning achievement, 70.6% of students were able to meet the stages of understanding the problem, 58.8% of students met the stages of planning a solution, and 35.3% of students fulfilled the stages of solving problems and checking back. From the group of students with low learning achievement, only 6.3% of students were able to fulfill the stages of understanding the problem, the rest were unable to fulfill the four stages of problem-solving Polya.

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Jahudin, Janet, Nyet Moi Siew e Mad Noor Madjapuni. "THE EFFECT OF THE DIGITAL BAR MODEL WITH POLYA PROBLEM SOLVING INTEGRATION METHOD ON THE ALGEBRA THINKING SKILLS OF FORM FOUR STUDENTS". International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 9, n.º 55 (10 de setembro de 2024): 22–43. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.955002.

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In general, there is still a lack of empirical studies to support the positive effects of digital technology integration methods in problem solving (PS), although there are assertions that these methods improve students' algebraic thinking skills. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate whether the method of integrating the digital bar model in Polya’s problem solving (PPSBM) can improve the skills of Form One students to think algebraically. Ralston's framework, which includes Generalized Arithmetic, Functions, and Modeling in the topic of Linear Equations, serves as the basis for the assessment of algebraic thinking skills. A quasi-experimental design of pre-test and post-test control groups was used. A total of 90 Form One students, aged twelve to thirteen years, from a secondary school in Tambunan, Sabah, Malaysia, were involved as a sample. Three teaching groups were formed: PPSBM (n = 30), Bar Model (MB) (n = 30), and Conventional Problem Solving (CPS) (n = 30). Both pre- and post-algebra thinking tests were administered to students. The post-test was analyzed using MANCOVA with the students' pre-test results acting as covariates. The results showed that students in the PPSBM group performed better in Generalized Arithmetic, Functions and Modeling than students in the MB group, which in turn outperformed students in the CPS group. These results show that the method of integrating the digital bar model in Polya’s problem solving is a successful method to improve the algebraic thinking skills of Form One students.

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Rosikhoh, Dewi, Adin Lazuardy Firdiansyah e Riskiyatul Hasanah. "Investigasi Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Kategori Adversity Quotient pada Siswa Kelas XII". Jambura Journal of Mathematics Education 4, n.º 2 (28 de novembro de 2023): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/jmathedu.v4i2.20302.

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In this manuscript, our research purpose was to describe how high school students solved geometry problems in terms of Adversity Quotient (AQ). This research was qualitative descriptive research. The subjects of this research were five students in grade 12 science divided into one climber student, one camper-climber student, two camper students, and one quitter-camper student. In this research, we used some instruments, namely the ARP questionnaire, problem-solving test questions, and interview guidelines. The qualitative data were analyzed by using the principles or steps of the Polya method in solving problems. The results showed that the climber and camper-climber students could understand the problem, make plans, carry out plans, and check back in solving the geometry problems. However, the camper-climber student in re-checking answers had not been equipped with other strategies or methods. The camper student could understand the problem, make plans, and carry out plans in solving the problems. It was just that the camper student making plans was not more complex than the plans made by the climber student. Meanwhile, the quitter-camper student could only understand the problem. Therefore, AQ categories of students could be used as one of the teacher considerations in forming groups when learning mathematics in class, especially in trying students’ problem-solving skills.

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Sholihah, Rifa Mar'ah, Harry Dwi Putra e Heris Hendriana. "The Relation Between Self-Confidence and Mathematical Problem Solving Ability on Islamic Junior High School Students". (JIML) JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE MATHEMATICS LEARNING 6, n.º 2 (5 de junho de 2023): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/jiml.v6i2.15373.

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Mathematics is very important in life. The self-confidence that students have will certainly affect the process of learning mathematics. Learning objectives measure students' self-confidence towards mathematical problem-solving abilities.The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between self-confidence and the ability to solve mathematical problems and analyze students' difficulties in solving problems on the System of Two Variable Linear Equations (SPLDV) material at Madrasah Tsanawiyah. Research using quantitative methods with correlation tests. The research sample was 20 Madrasah Tsanawiyah students. The research instrument consisted of a test to measure mathematical problem solving abilities in the form of 3 essay questions, while the non-test instrument was the self-confidence consisting of 20 statement items. . The learning method used conventionally students are divided into several groups randomly. School books are given as a guide for students in learning.The results showed that there was a very strong relationship (r = 0.83) between self-confidence and the ability to solve mathematical problems. Conclusion the results of the analysis of students' difficulties were found based on the polya step, especially at the stage of proving that students were not yet able to check the correctness of the solution in the process of working on solving mathematics. It is hoped that future research will use problem solving methods to see how self-confidence increases in the ability to solve mathematical problems.

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Rohmah, Lailatur, Ratri Rahayu e Much Arsyad Fardani. "How Elementary Students Communicate Their Mathematical Problem Solving in Writing". Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education 2, n.º 2 (25 de novembro de 2023): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v2i2.556.

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Mathematics plays a crucial role in education, particularly in the development of problem-solving abilities. The proficiency in mathematical problem-solving has garnered significant attention, especially in light of the low academic performance of Indonesian students in the 2018 PISA assessment. This research aims to analyze the mathematical problem-solving skills of elementary school students using the Polya Method. The study employs a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach. Subjects were selected through purposive sampling, representing three ability groups. Data were collected through tests, interviews, and observations, and were subsequently analyzed using the qualitative approach of Miles & Huberman. The findings indicate High Category Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability (HPSA) exhibit excellent mathematical problem-solving skills. They can correctly answer all questions, comprehend problems, plan, execute, and review their answers thoroughly. Moderate-ability students (MAT) demonstrate relatively good skills, although they tend to rush through problem-solving and overlook the importance of double-checking. Low-ability students (LAT) encounter difficulties in understanding problems, planning, and implementing solutions. They exhibit less systematic approaches and frequently make errors. The discussion concludes that the understanding of problems, planning, and the implementation of Polya's problem-solving steps need improvement, especially among moderate and low-ability students. Teachers should provide more intensive guidance, particularly in understanding problems and planning solutions. This research provides a profile of students' problem-solving skills and serves as a foundation for the development of more effective mathematics learning strategies in schools.

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Degani, Gad, e Ari Meerson. "Sex Differences in the Brain Transcriptomes of Adult Blue Gourami Fish (Trichogaster trichopterus)". Fishes 9, n.º 7 (18 de julho de 2024): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes9070287.

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Blue gourami (gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus) is a model for labyrinth fishes (Anabantoidei) adapted to partial air breathing. Its reproductive endocrinology has been extensively studied, and transcriptomic sex differences in the gonads were described. Nevertheless, sex differences in gene expression in non-gonadal tissues ostensibly affected by the sex-specific hormonal balance, e.g., the brain, are unknown. To assess such differences, we used bulk RNA-seq to assemble and compare polyA+ transcriptomes between whole brains of four adult male and five adult female gourami, in addition to other tissues (three dorsal fin and five ovary samples) from the same female group. While all nine brain transcriptomes clustered together relative to the other tissues, they showed separation according to sex. A total of 3568 genes were differentially expressed between male and female brains; of these, 1962 and 1606 showed lower and higher expression in males, respectively. Male brains showed stronger down-regulation of specific genes, which included hormone receptors, e.g., pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor (pacap-r1). Among the genes with lower expression in male brains, multiple pathways essential to brain function were over-represented, including GABA, acetylcholine and glutamate receptor signaling, calcium and potassium transmembrane transport, and neurogenesis. In contrast, genes with higher expression in male brains showed no significant over-representation of brain-specific functions. To measure the mRNA levels of specific hormone receptors known from prior studies to regulate reproductive function and behavior in gourami and to validate RNA-seq results for these specific genes, we performed RT-qPCR for five receptors, pacap-r1, gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 receptor (gnrh2r), kisspeptin receptor 1 (gpαr1/kiss1), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (igf1r), and membrane progesterone receptor 1 (mpr1), in the brain RNA sample groups. Of these, pacap-r1 showed a significant, three-fold down-regulation, while gpαr1/kiss1 showed a significant two-fold down-regulation in male vs. female gourami brains. Our results are novel in describing the suppression of brain function-related gene expression in male, as compared to female, gourami brains. Further research is needed to assess the behavioral significance of this effect and its prevalence in other vertebrate groups.

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Coffey, David G., Katharine A. Lombardo, Andrea M. H. Towlerton, Sarah E. Gerdts, Corey Casper, Jackson Orem e Edus H. Warren. "Comparative Analysis of Endemic and Sporadic Burkitt Lymphoma By RNA Sequencing". Blood 126, n.º 23 (3 de dezembro de 2015): 3896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3896.3896.

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Abstract Introduction: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-lineage non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has traditionally been classified into 3 subtypes: "endemic", "sporadic", and HIV-associated. The highest incidence of BL - prompting the "endemic" classification - is observed in children in sub-Saharan Africa, where the distribution of the disease is closely associated with that of P. falciparum malaria. The tumor cells in most cases of BL from sub-Saharan Africa are infected with Epstein Barr virus (EBV). In contrast, a minority of BL tumors from Europe and North America - which are commonly described as "sporadic" - are EBV positive. Although excellent outcomes have been observed for patients with BL treated with multi-agent chemotherapy in Europe and North America, the outcomes of BL patients in sub-Saharan Africa are suboptimal. We hypothesized that improved understanding of the molecular heterogeneity that exists within BL, particularly the molecular features that distinguish cases from sub-Saharan Africa from those from Europe/North America, will enable more effective treatment strategies that can readily be implemented in low-resources settings. Methods: Tumor biopsies were collected from 19 pediatric patients who presented to the Uganda Cancer Institute with maxillofacial tumors histologically confirmed to be BL. Total RNA was extracted and polyA-selected sequencing libraries were prepared. Paired-end, 50-base pair sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform at a depth of 100 million reads per sample. A publicly available RNA sequencing dataset from 28 BL cases from Europe and North America that were previously analyzed by both microarray (NEJM 2006; 354[23]: 2431-2442) and RNA sequencing (Nature 2012; 490[7418]: 116-120) was analyzed in parallel for comparison. RNA sequencing on the 28 sporadic BL tumors was performed on polyA-selected sequencing libraries with paired-end, 108-base pair sequence reads generated on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. The reads from all 47 BL tumors were aligned to the human and EBV (GenBank ID KC207813.1) genomes using the STAR aligner. Tumors were deemed EBV positive if the ratio of mapped viral reads to human reads exceeded 0.001%, since the EBV genome is 0.005% the size of the human genome. Normalization and differential expression analysis were performed on aligned reads using the DESeq2 R package. Somatic variants were identified by the Genome Analysis Tool Kit. Analysis of alterative splicing was performed with the SGSeq R package. Results: All of the Uganda BL cases but only 70% of the previously published European/North American cases were obtained from children less than 18 years; 61% and 87% were from male patients, respectively. One half of patients in both groups presented with Ann Arbor stage I or II disease, while the remainder presented with higher stage disease. The median survival in the 19 Ugandan patients was less than one year. Sequence reads from 15 (79%) of the Ugandan tumors and 4 (15%) of the European/North American tumors aligned to the EBV genome. Although BL is reported to express only latency type I EBV genes, expression of latency type I, II, and III genes was detected. Among the 4 tumors from Uganda that did not contain EBV-derived reads, 1 was from a child who was HIV-seropositive, while the others were from HIV-seronegative patients. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis of all annotated genes failed to separate EBV positive and EBV negative tumors. Cluster analysis of the Ugandan tumors revealed no association with clinical variables. Ongoing analyses are being performed to identify associations between differentially expressed genes and somatic mutations and alternative splicing that may distinguish the tumor subtypes. Conclusions: While the terms "endemic" and "sporadic" have traditionally been used to classify BL, this nomenclature is archaic and does not accurately capture the underlying biology of the tumor subtypes. We performed a comparative whole transcriptome analysis of BL tumors from patients in Uganda to a dataset of BL tumors from patients in Europe/North America to identify features that distinguish the two cohorts. While cluster analysis failed to clearly separate tumors by their EBV or clinical status, ongoing analyses are being performed to identify alterations that may contribute to their distinct gene expression profiles. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Yi, Lang, Wei Huang e Deyue Yan. "Polyimides with side groups: Synthesis and effects of side groups on their properties". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 55, n.º 4 (11 de novembro de 2016): 533–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.28409.

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Wang, Chonghui, e Shigeo Nakamura. "Synthesis of aromatic polyesters having pendant carboxyl groups in the side chains and conversion of the carboxyl groups to other reactive groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33, n.º 13 (30 de setembro de 1995): 2157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080331309.

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Lozano, A. E., J. De Abajo, J. G. De La Campa e J. Preston. "Polyisophthalamides with phenylthio pendent groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30, n.º 7 (junho de 1992): 1327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300710.

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Lozano, Angel E., Jose G. De La Campa, Javier De Abajo e Jack Preston. "Polyisophthalamides with phenylsulfonyl pendent groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31, n.º 6 (maio de 1993): 1383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310605.

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Liou, Guey-Sheng, e Sheng-Huei Hsiao. "Polyterephthalamides with naphthoxy-pendent groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 40, n.º 11 (23 de abril de 2002): 1781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.10261.

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Inagaki, N., e H. Hirao. "Plasma polymers containing sulfonate groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25, n.º 7 (julho de 1987): 1803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250709.

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Allan, David S., Ernest L. Thurber e Paul G. Rasmussen. "Polymers containing cyanoimidazole pendant groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28, n.º 9 (agosto de 1990): 2475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280920.

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Alferiev, Ivan S. "Novel elastomeric polyurethanes with pendant epoxy groups as highly reactive auxiliary groups for further derivatizations". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 40, n.º 23 (1 de dezembro de 2002): 4378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.10467.

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Sakhinia, Ebrahim, Mahboubeh Farahangpour, John A. Liu Yin, Gerard Brady, Judith A. Hoyland e Richard J. Byers. "Real-Time PCR Gene Expression Profiling of Microarray Gene Signatures in Acute Leukemia." Blood 104, n.º 11 (16 de novembro de 2004): 4401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4401.4401.

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Abstract Cancer subtype discovery and classification using microarray gene signatures has the potential to transform pathological diagnosis but measurement of indicator genes in routine practice remains difficult. We tested use of real-time PCR measurement of indicator genes for AML and ALL (Golub et al, Science, 1999) as a method for validation and application of microarray gene signatures. Mononuclear cells (MC) were isolated from whole bone marrow (BM) aspirates by density gradient centrifugation and sorted into unselected (total), CD34+ve and CD34-ve fractions. The mRNA in each fraction was globally amplified using a PolyA PCR method. We measured the expression profile of the 17 top ranked genes (cystatin C, leptin receptor, fumarylacetoacetate, CD33, HoxA9, adipsin, proteoglycan 1, LTC4 synthase, LYN, C-myb, MB-1, cyclin D3, SNF2, RbAp48, proteasome iota, HkrT-1 and E2A) from Golub et al (1999) by real-time PCR. All values were calibrated against control standards and normalized to the mean of three housekeeping genes (IF2-beta, GAPDH and human ribosomal protein S9). Data for all 17 genes were obtained for 4 (ALL), 26 (AML), 12 (AML remission) and 9 (morphologically normal) BM samples, each fractionated into three fractions (total MC, CD34+ve MC & CD34−ve MC). There was no significant difference in the mean of three housekeeping gene expression levels between the diagnostic groups. Comparison of the expression level of the other genes confirmed ability to separate AML and ALL, whilst the direction of expression change (increased or decreased) for each gene between AML and ALL was the same as found by Golub et al. In particular, c-myb showed largest significant increase in ALL vs AML in the total BM fraction, whilst cystain c was increased in AML in the CD34−ve fraction. hSNF2b was significantly increased in the ALL total B.M fraction and Hox-A9 was significantly increased in the AML CD34+ve B.M fraction. Furthermore expression level of LYN and CD33 was significantly increased in AML compared to remission AML, indicating ability of the method to determine activity status of disease. In addition, several of the genes provided better separation between AML and ALL when measured in the CD34+ve and −ve fractions indicating more prominent expression in cells of different maturity and that prior fractionation is diagnostically more informative. The results demonstrate ability of the method to validate gene expression signatures by an independent method, which is simple, sensitive and robust, allowing translation to routine clinical use. Whilst the present study used AML and ALL, in principle the method could be extended to any other tumor type for which gene signatures exist.

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Mosquera Orgueira, Adrian, Manuel Perez Encinas, Carlos Pérez Míguez, Rebeca Rodriguez Veiga, Juan Miguel Bergua Burgues, Jesus Lorenzo Algarra, Carmen Botella et al. "Molecular Mechanisms of Quizartinib Response in FLT3-ITD Negative AML: An Updated Analysis from the Pethema Quiwi Trial". Blood 144, Supplement 1 (5 de novembro de 2024): 6135. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-201316.

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Introduction FLT3 ITD negative acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains challenging to treat due to limited targeted therapeutic options. The QUIWI trial showed promising outcomes with quizartinib (Quiza) combined with standard chemotherapy in this setting. This analysis aims to compare transcriptional profiles of long-term survivors to hypothesize molecular mechanisms underlying differential responses to Quiza versus placebo. Methods RNA sequencing (RNAseq) was performed on an expanded cohort of 243 patients from the QUIWI trial, with RNA extracted, assessed for integrity (TapeStation), and quantified (Qubit). PolyA RNAseq using TruSeq technology was conducted, followed by sequence alignment to the GRCh37 reference genome using Hisat and differential expression analysis with DESeq2. P-values were adjusted using the FDR method. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were performed using the WebGestalt portal. Results At the time of analysis, the median follow-up was 3.25 years, and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached for the Quiza subgroup. The analysis focused on patients who survived a minimum of 24 months in both placebo and Quiza arms, identifying 267 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a false discovery rate (FDR) of 10% between both groups. Among the DEGs, 211 genes were overexpressed in the Quiza group, whereas 56 genes were overexpressed in the placebo group. A significant enrichment of significantly underexpressed heat shock protein genes (HSPA1A, HSPA2, DNAJA3, AHSA1, DNAJB1, FDR < 5%) was observed among longer responders to Quiza. This results aligned with previous evidence indicating mechanistic relationships between FLT3 inhibitors and heat shock proteins reported by Katayama et al. (2018) and Fleischmann et al. (2021). Additionally, genes involved in nucleic acid metabolism, DNA replication, transcription, and splicing (DNTT, FTSJ3, METTL13, TWNK, SF3B3) were significantly underexpressed among longer Quiza responders compared to the placebo group. Conversely, the Quiza group exhibited a notable and significant enrichment in genes associated with the enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway (FDR < 5%). This included several transmembrane receptor proteins with tyrosine kinase function (FGFR3, EPHB2, AXL, ROR2), 2 protein phosphatases (PTPRU and PPM1L), and the MAPK pathway inhibitor SPRY4. Conclusion This analysis provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of Quiza action in FLT3-ITD negative AML. The significant underexpression of heat shock protein genes among longer responders to Quiza suggests a potential role of these proteins as drivers of resistance. Additionally, the broader activation of tyrosine kinase genes indicates possible off-target effects contributing to the efficacy of Quiza in this subset of AML patients. These hypotheses warrant further mechanistic exploration in future studies to enhance therapeutic strategies and clinical outcomes for this challenging AML population.

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Nyström, Andreas, e Anders Hult. "Dendronized polymers with tailored surface groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 43, n.º 17 (2005): 3852–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.20846.

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De Abajo, J., E. Guijarro, F. J. Serna e J. G. De La Campa. "Aromatic polyisophthalamides with oxybenzoyl pendent groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24, n.º 3 (março de 1986): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240307.

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Shimada, Manai, Shigefumi Shimada, Junpei Miyake, Makoto Uchida e Kenji Miyatake. "Anion conductive aromatic polymers containing fluorenyl groups: Effect of the position and number of ammonium groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 54, n.º 7 (23 de outubro de 2015): 935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.27928.

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Mosquera Orgueira, Adrian, Manuel Perez Encinas, Jose Angel Diaz Arias, Rebeca Rodriguez Veiga, Juan Miguel Bergua Burgues, Lorenzo Algarra, Carmen Botella et al. "Exploring Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Response in FLT3-ITD Negative AML Patients Treated with Quizartinib Vs Placebo Plus Standard Chemotherapy in the Quiwi Trial". Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28 de novembro de 2023): 6037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-180710.

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Introduction Wild-type FLT3 AML presents significant therapeutic challenges due to limited treatment options. The QUIWI trial investigated quizartinib (Quiz) combined with standard chemotherapy, showing promising results. To understand drug response and refractoriness, we conducted a correlative analysis, exploring differential expression patterns among distinct patient groups. We reasoned that the molecular fingerprints of good responders to Quiz plus chemotherapy would be different with respect to patients who respond only to standard chemotherapy, helping to elucidate critical molecular mechanisms associated with Quiz response. Our study provides a basis for personalized therapeutic strategies in FLT3-ITD negative AML. Methods We performed RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis on a subset of patients from the clinical trial. RNA was extracted using standard methods, followed by assessment of nucleic acid integrity (TapeStation) and quantification (Qubit). Total mRNA sequencing was performed using polyA RNAseq with TruSeq technology. A total of 206 adequate samples from bone marrow and peripheral blood were sequenced, out of which 55 cases were FLT3-ITD and were discarded for this analysis. For this analysis, only samples with a minimum of 20% blasts were considered. The sequences were aligned to the GRCh37 reference genome using the Hisat algorithm. Differential expression was assessed with the DESeq2 algorithm, using Blast proportion to adjust for disparities among the samples. P-values were adjusted for multiple testing using the FDR method. OS was defined as time from start of screening to death. Gene ontology and pathways analysis were performed using the WebGestalt portal. Results In this study, we compared the gene expression profiles of Quiz versus placebo-treated patients categorized as good responders, defined arbitrarily as those who continue alive and have a minimum follow-up of 6 months after diagnosis. Out of 82 eligible patients, we identified 100 (q-value < 0.05) and 172 (q-value < 0.1) differentially expressed genes between the Quiz and Placebo groups. Notably, 132 genes were overexpressed in the Quiz group, while 40 genes showed overexpression in the placebo group. Moreover, we observed a highly significant overexpression of ribosomal genes in the Quiz group (17 overlaps, KEGG pathways q-value < 2.2 x 10 -16), and a significant overexpression of genes related to the attenuation of the heat shock protein transcriptional response, which is involved in protein folding, in the placebo group (Reactome q-value, 0.008; gene ids: HSPA1A, HSPA1B and DNAJB1). Additionally, the Quiz group exhibited a significant overexpression of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-related genes (Gene Ontology Molecular Function q-value, 0.02; gene ids: PTPRB, PTPRG and PTPRU). Conclusion This correlative analysis of the Quiwi trial revealed critical molecular mechanisms associated with Quiz response. The overexpression of ribosomal and transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-related genes in good responders within the Quiz group, along with the overexpression of the heat shock pathway genes in the placebo group, aligns with existing knowledge about the FLT3 pathway biology and the molecular determinants to tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. These findings offer potential biomarkers for personalized therapeutic approaches to improve clinical outcomes in this challenging AML population.

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Matsumura, Sumiko, Antisar R. Hlil, Naiying Du, Catherine Lepiller, Julie Gaudet, Daniel Guay, Zhiqing Shi, Steven Holdcroft e Allan S. Hay. "Ionomers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells with sulfonic acid groups on the end-groups: Novel branched poly(ether-ketone)s with 3,6-ditrityl-9H-carbazole end-groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 46, n.º 11 (2008): 3860–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.22690.

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Litauszki, L., F. E. Karasz, K. Grünberg e W. Berger. "Thermal behavior of copolyimides containing bisbenzoylamine groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30, n.º 7 (junho de 1992): 1227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300701.

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Ilo, Kokoro, e Norihiko Minoura. "Synthesis of polyallylamine derivatives with biguanido groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30, n.º 9 (agosto de 1992): 2071–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300937.

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Mikroyannidis, John A. "Aromatic polyisophthalamides with N-benzylidene pendant groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30, n.º 11 (outubro de 1992): 2371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080301111.

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Matsubara, Yasutaka, Wakako Konishi, Toshio Sugizaki e Osamu Moriya. "Synthesis of poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) having organostannyl groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 39, n.º 13 (2001): 2125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1188.

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Do, C. H., E. M. Pearce, B. J. Bulkin e H. K. Reimschuessel. "Thermal properties of nylons containing carbonyl groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24, n.º 7 (julho de 1986): 1657–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240723.

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Chien, James C. W., e Mei-Ying Zhou. "SN-conducting polymers with heterocyclic spacer groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24, n.º 11 (novembro de 1986): 2947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080241122.

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Hergenrother, P. M., N. T. Wakelyn e S. J. Havens. "Polyimides containing carbonyl and ether connecting groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25, n.º 4 (abril de 1987): 1093–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250415.

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Mikroyannidis, John A. "Crosslinkable aromatic polyketones with maleimide pendent groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28, n.º 3 (fevereiro de 1990): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280316.

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Havens, S. J., e P. M. Hergenrother. "Polyamideimides containing carbonyl and ether connecting groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28, n.º 9 (agosto de 1990): 2427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280915.

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Liu, Huaji, Yu Chen e Zhong Shen. "Thermoresponsive hyperbranched polyethylenimines with isobutyramide functional groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 45, n.º 6 (2007): 1177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.21878.

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Lin, Ching Hsuan, Sheng Lung Chang, Yu Ru Wang, Chin Kuang Hsu e Tzong Yuan Juang. "Synthesis of thermosetting polyetherimide-containing allyl groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 51, n.º 8 (28 de janeiro de 2013): 1734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.26549.

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Savaglio, Paula. "Polka Bands and Choral Groups: The Musical Self-Representation of Polish-Americans in Detroit". Ethnomusicology 40, n.º 1 (1996): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/852435.

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Nirmala, K., Y. P. Hastuti e T. P. Ghukos. "Effectiveness of LED light spectrum exposure on growth performance and color quality of juvenile polka dot grouper (Cromileptes altivelis)". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1033, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1033/1/012007.

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Abstract Polka dot grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) is a saltwater ornamental fish that has a characteristic of black spots on the surface of its body. Polka dot grouper has a slow growth rate and color quality that fade in captivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and color quality of polka dot grouper under exposure to different light-emitting diode (LED) spectrums in a recirculating system. Polka dot grouper was maintained in a 50×40×40 cm3 aquarium with a recirculating system for 30 days. This study used a randomized block design with five treatments and three groups. The treatments consisted of control (room light) and four types of the LED light spectrum with different wavelengths, i.e., red, green, blue, and white. The results showed that the best values for growth performance, physiological response, and color quality were found in the treatment of red LED light. Using a red LED light spectrum exposure in a recirculating system can improve the growth performance and color quality of the polka dot grouper.

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Hergenrother, P. M., M. W. Beltz e S. J. Havens. "Polyimides containing carbonyl and ether connecting groups. III". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29, n.º 10 (setembro de 1991): 1483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1991.080291012.

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Kulpinski, J., e Z. Lasocki. "Silazane oligomers and polymers with phenylene spacing groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30, n.º 3 (15 de março de 1992): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300313.

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Havens, S. J., e P. M. Hergenrother. "Polyimides containing carbonyl and ether connecting groups. IV". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30, n.º 6 (maio de 1992): 1209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300630.

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Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof, Michael S. Lindenberg, Mary K. Moore e Michael L. White. "Synthesis of polyphosphazenes bearing alkoxyethoxy and trifluoroethoxy groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32, n.º 3 (fevereiro de 1994): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320308.

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Iio, Kokoro, Norihiko Minoura e Yukihiko Fujiwara. "Synthesis of polyallylamine derivatives with N-carbamoylguanidine groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32, n.º 16 (dezembro de 1994): 3189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321620.

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Crivello, J. V., e Y. L. Lai. "Synthesis and photopolymerization of monomers bearing isopropenylphenoxy groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33, n.º 4 (março de 1995): 653–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330407.

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Liska, Robert. "Photoinitiators with functional groups. VI. Chemically bound sensitizers". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 42, n.º 9 (2004): 2285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.20064.

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Karim, S. M. Abdul, Ryoji Nomura e Toshio Masuda. "Synthesis and properties of polyacetylenes with salicylideneaniline groups". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 40, n.º 14 (5 de junho de 2002): 2458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.10334.

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