Bibliografias temáticas / Political geography

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Political geography"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Political geography"

Short, John R. "Political Geography". Progress in Human Geography 9, n.º 1 (março de 1985): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913258500900107.

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O'Loughlin, John. "Political geography". Progress in Human Geography 12, n.º 1 (março de 1988): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913258801200109.

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Roche, Michael. "Political geography". New Zealand Geographer 63, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2007): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.2007.00117.x.

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PRESCOTT, J. R. V. "Political Geography". Australian Geographical Studies 26, n.º 1 (abril de 1988): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1988.tb00569.x.

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Etro, Federico. "Political geography". Public Choice 127, n.º 3-4 (9 de maio de 2006): 321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-2746-2.

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Waterman, Stanley. "Political Geography as a mirror of political geography". Political Geography 17, n.º 4 (maio de 1998): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-6298(97)00075-9.

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Clark, Gordon L. "Political Corruption and Political Geography". New Zealand Geographer 54, n.º 1 (abril de 1998): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1998.tb00526.x.

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Robbins, Paul. "Political ecology in political geography". Political Geography 22, n.º 6 (agosto de 2003): 641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-6298(03)00071-4.

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TAYLOR, PETER J. "CONTRA POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY". Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 84, n.º 2 (abril de 1993): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1993.tb00634.x.

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Mountz, Alison. "Political geography I". Progress in Human Geography 37, n.º 6 (7 de março de 2013): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132513479076.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Political geography"

Smith, Leslie F. "The political geography of annexation--Roanoke, Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45738.

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The evolution and relative importance of four issues -- civic boosterism and community autonomy, public services and planning, financial considerations, and race-related considerations -- were examined and analyzed as critical factors in Roanoke, Virginia's historic use of annexation. Particular attention was paid to the 1943, 1949, and 1962 annexation suits because they occurred during the period of increasing county opposition to annexation. An historical and political geographic methodology, which focused on Guelke's idealism, was used to analyze the role of the two principal actors, city and county officials as public personae, whose actions on the four issues constituted the scenario for the city's thirteen annexation suits. Civic boosterism and community autonomy played the initial role motivating the two principal actors in each suit. Expanding population, urbanization, and the statutory changes in Virginia’s annexation laws in 1904 increased the importance of public services and planning and financial considerations. Race-related considerations, however, were publicly ignored until the late 1960s after passage of the civic rights legislation. Rising county opposition resulted in passage of numerous bills permitting counties to provide services and other government functions comparable to those offered by cities. This gave Roanoke County officials and their constituents an alternative to annexation. As a consequence, Roanoke County increasingly opposed the city's annexation plans. In 1980 Roanoke County gained immunity from further annexations.
Master of Science

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Kim, Myung Jin. "Optimization Approaches to Political Redistricting Problems". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306896676.

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Al-Mayyal, Ahmad Y. A. "The political boundaries of the state of Kuwait : a study in political geography". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262130.

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McGowan, Katherine Megan. "Political geography and political structures in earlier mediaeval Ireland : a chronicle-based approach". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272027.

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Kenny, T. J. "A critical geography of human rights". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240362.

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Clark, Rebecca. "Montesquieu on the History and Geography of Political Liberty". Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:103616.

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Thesis advisor: Christopher Kelly
Montesquieu famously presents climate and terrain as enabling servitude in hot, fertile climes and on the exposed steppes of central Asia. He also traces England's exemplary constitution, with its balanced constitution, independent judiciary, and gentle criminal practices, to the unique conditions of early medieval northern Europe. The English "found" their government "in the forests" of Germany. There, the marginal, variegated terrain favored the dispersion of political power, and a pastoral way of life until well into the Middle Ages. In pursuing a primitive honor unrelated to political liberty as such, the barbaric Franks accidentally established the rudiments of the most "well-tempered" government. His turn to these causes accidental to human purposes in Parts 3-6 begins with his analysis of the problem of unintended consequences in the history of political reform in Parts 1-2. While the idea of balancing political powers in order to prevent any one individual or group from dominating the rest has ancient roots, he shows that it has taken many centuries to understand just what needs to be balanced, and to learn to balance against one threat without inviting another. Knowledge of the administration of criminal justice has proven the most important to liberty, as well as the most difficult to acquire and put into practice. Montesquieu's attention to accidental causes sheds light on the contradictions within human nature, and the complex relationship between humans and their physical and conventional environments. He shows how nature provides support for both political liberty and for despotism. The wisdom of organizing government with a view to political liberty, as well as the means for doing so, does not follow from human nature in the abstract, but has required reflection on experiences with the consequences of actual governments. By highlighting the dependence of free politics on conditions outside the legislator's immediate control, he encourages reformers to attend to the non-legal supports of political liberty, the limits of human ingenuity, and the risks of unintended consequences. His attention to forces beyond human control provides the occasion to clarify the character of liberal legislative prudence, the art of leading by "inviting without constraining."
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science

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Robert-Nicoud, Frederic L. "New economic geography : multiple equilibria, welfare and political economy". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2879/.

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This thesis contributes to the body of research known as the new economic geography. According to this paradigm, increasing returns to scale at the firm level, monopolistic competition, and transportation costs interact in shaping the spatial distribution of economic activity. The introductory chapter lays out the motivation of this thesis and puts it into the perspective of the existing literature. Chapter 1 introduces a typical model of new economic geography: the nature of the agglomeration and dispersion forces it displays is recurrent in this body of research; the model also displays multiple equilibria. The welfare properties of these equilibria are also analysed. Chapter 2 completely characterizes the set of equilibria of a wide range of models that are the quintessence of the new economic geography paradigm. The model of chapter 2 is shown to share the qualitative features of these models. Chapter 3 integrates a simple version of the model chapter 2 within a political economy framework. The welfare analysis of chapter 2 provides the motivation for this theoretical exercise. Chapter 4 seeks to provide an answer to the important but thus far neglected question of what is the mechanism that actually determines the magnitude policies that seek to affect the equilibrium spatial allocation of industries. The geography model is integrated in a fully specified political economy process of policy selection. Chapter 4 extends the model of chapter 2 to deal with the issue of the 'fragmentation' of the production process when new economic geography forces are at play. Finally, the analysis of chapter 5 contributes to the growing literature on the labour market imperfections as a driving force for agglomeration. In particular it shows how the hold-up problem can be softened or worsened by the cluster of industries using workers with similar skills.

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Howell, Philip M. R. "'A free trade in politics' : a geography of Chartism's political culture, c.1838-1848". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272582.

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Ford, Of The. "Parallel worlds : attribute-defined regions in global human geography /". Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2004.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Indiana University, 2009.
Department of Geography, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Owen J. Dwyer, Jeffrey S. Wilson, Scott M. Pegg. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-168).

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Mysak, Mark. "The Environmental is Political: Exploring the Geography of Environmental Justice". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30497/.

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The dissertation is a philosophical approach to politicizing place and space, or environments broadly construed, that is motivated by three questions. How can geography be employed to analyze the spatialities of environmental justice? How do spatial concepts inform understandings of environmentalism? And, how can geography help overcome social/political philosophy's redistribution-recognition debate in a way that accounts for the multiscalar dimensions of environmental justice? Accordingly, the dissertation's objective is threefold. First, I develop a critical geography framework that explores the spatialities of environmental injustices as they pertain to economic marginalization across spaces of inequitable distribution, cultural subordination in places of misrecognition, and political exclusion from public places of deliberation and policy. Place and space are relationally constituted by intricate networks of social relations, cultural practices, socioecological flows, and political-economic processes, and I contend that urban and natural environments are best represented as "places-in-space." Second, I argue that spatial frameworks and environmental discourses interlock because conceptualizations of place and space affect how environments are perceived, serve as framing devices to identify environmental issues, and entail different solutions to problems. In the midst of demonstrating how the racialization of place upholds inequitable distributions of pollution burdens, I introduce notions of "social location" and "white privilege" to account for the conflicting agendas of the mainstream environmental movement and the environmental justice movement, and consequent accusations of discriminatory environmentalism. Third, I outline a bivalent environmental justice theory that deals with the spatialities of environmental injustices. The theory synergizes distributive justice and the politics of social equality with recognition justice and the politics of identity and difference, therefore connecting cultural issues to a broader materialist analysis concerned with economic issues that extend across space. In doing so, I provide a justice framework that assesses critically the particularities of place and concurrently identifies commonalities to diverse social struggles, thus spatializing the geography of place-based political praxis.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Political geography"

Flint, Colin, e Peter J. Taylor. Political Geography. Seventh edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164380.

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Muir, Richard. Political Geography. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25628-0.

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Cox, Kevin R., ed. Political Geography. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470693629.

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Glassner, Martin Ira. Political geography. New York: J. Wiley, 1993.

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Glassner, Martin Ira. Political geography. New York: John Wiley, 1993.

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Chuck, Fahrer, ed. Political geography. 3^a ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2004.

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Glassner, Martin Ira. Political geography. 3^a ed. [New York]: Wiley, 2003.

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Glassner, Martin Ira. Political geography. 2^a ed. New York: J. Wiley, 1996.

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Perry, Peter John. Political corruption and political geography. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 1996.

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Perry, Peter John. Political corruption and political geography. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 1997.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Political geography"

Vinha, Luis da. "Political Geography". In Routledge Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis Methods, 82–97. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003139850-8.

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Rivet, A. L. F. "Political Geography". In Town and Country in Roman Britain, 131–79. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003483427-6.

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Flint, Colin, e Peter J. Taylor. "Geography of imperialisms". In Political Geography, 91–128. Seventh edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164380-4.

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Flint, Colin, e Peter J. Taylor. "Prologue: episodes in the life and times of a sub-discipline". In Political Geography, 1–10. Seventh edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164380-1.

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Flint, Colin, e Peter J. Taylor. "Epilogue: A political geography framework for understanding our twenty-first-century world". In Political Geography, 335–41. Seventh edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164380-10.

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Flint, Colin, e Peter J. Taylor. "A world-systems approach to political geography". In Political Geography, 11–47. Seventh edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164380-2.

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Flint, Colin, e Peter J. Taylor. "Geopolitics rampant". In Political Geography, 49–89. Seventh edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164380-3.

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Flint, Colin, e Peter J. Taylor. "Territorial states". In Political Geography, 129–73. Seventh edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164380-5.

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Flint, Colin, e Peter J. Taylor. "Nation, nationalism and citizenship". In Political Geography, 175–216. Seventh edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164380-6.

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Flint, Colin, e Peter J. Taylor. "Political geography of democracy". In Political Geography, 217–69. Seventh edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164380-7.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Political geography"

Kitevski, Goran. "THE PRESPA AGREEMENT: A POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY". In 9th International Scientific Conference GEOBALCANICA 2023. Geobalcanica society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18509/gbp23079k.

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Demirci, Saadat. "The Effect of Geographical Factors on State Policies and Economy". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00771.

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This study emphasizes environmental, especially spatial and geographical factors and determining and conditioning effects of economical and political behaviors of states. Natural values, location and geography determine policies and economic welfare of states. Various geographic characteristics and climates determine potential power of states. States, that have natural wealth and using will of this wealth, create economical and then political power. The main goal of this study is to analyze the concept of location and relation between power and its components.

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Cozar, Miguel, Carlos Munoz e Kai Shu. "Unleashing the Power of Twitter: A Data Analysis of the US Senate's Social Media Strategy using Unsupervised Machine Learning". In LatinX in AI at International Conference on Machine Learning 2023. Journal of LatinX in AI Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52591/lxai202307231.

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Social media, such as Twitter, plays a crucial role in political discourse and communication. It is the window of voters to their candidates, and what senators publish may determine their success in the elections. A deep analysis is needed to comprehend the current situation and generate strategies to reach the audience. This paper joins the creation of a self-made dataset, using machine learning topic models, analyzing how geography influences the political landscape, and employing a proposed popularity metric to explain the current political landscape and provide insights about the most influential senators and their discourse.

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Dominczak, Jacek. "A Better City: Geography of Power or Ecology of Responsibility?" In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.58.

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The paper discusses a design strategy based on the structure of responsibility. This structure generates the use of Hidden Compositional Codes for cities and the concept of a Dialogic Design -- ideas that are the subjects of research projects developed in cooperation with undergraduate design studio participants. The papers concludes in a design method discussion about the possible shift from political solutions ruled by the geography of power that generate the conservative quality of a compromise, towards ethical definitions organized by the ecology of responsibility that may generate new, yet unknown, qualities.

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Clark, Kenneth, Elisa Del Bono e Antonio Luna Garcia. "The Geography of Power in South America: Divergent Patterns of Domination in Spanish and Porteguese Colonies". In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.21.

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The authors of this paper explore the geography of power in South America as expressed by Spain and Portugal in their different patterns of development in colonial America. The paper outlines the political position of each country during the Age of Discovery, the political attitudes of each and the resultant urban morphologies and spatial organizations developed by each colonial power. A close examination of two South American colonial cities one Spanish, one Portuguese-reveals that the Spanish urban pattern promoted a hierarchy of interconnected cities of gridded layout, with key state and religious functions strategically located in relationship to the plaza. Portugal, in contrast, created a series of isolated commercial-military towns, of informal morphology with key state and religious functions distributed according to topography. Two case studies of Spanish and Portuguese colonial cities clearly illustrate the divergent policies and patterns of spatial control of these two important colonizing powers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

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Soatova, Gulzoda. "COMMON PATRIOTIC IDEAS IN THE CREATIONS OF BABUR AND JADID". In The Impact of Zahir Ad-Din Muhammad Bobur’s Literary Legacy on the Advancement of Eastern Statehood and Culture. Alisher Navoi' Tashkent state university of Uzbek language and literature, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/bobur.conf.2023.25.09/rxcm4632.

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Our nation has always been proud of its high history and great ancestors. No matter where you go in the world, you will encounter the heritage of our ancestors. Especially in the XV-XVI centuries, the socio-political environment created by Babur in Central Asia and India left a special mark on world civilization. Science, culture, art, and literature flourished in the great kingdom founded by Babur. Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur achieved a great position in sealing the reality of Uzbek classic literature, geography, and history in Timuriza.

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Büyükakıncı, Erhan. "The Siberian Factor in the Russian Foreign Policy: Economic Instruments and Geopolitical Games". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01297.

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In this paper, we try to discuss how the Siberian part of the Russian territory can present advantages and disadvantages for Russian foreign policy. Situated in the center of the Eurasian geography, Siberia offers many economic opportunities and energy reserves as well as a strategic value for Russia, whose population and interests are mostly concentrated in the western provinces. Long considered as an isolated continent for exile for political dissidents, Siberia has become nowadays a center of the economic strategies of the Russian administration, in relation with its foreign policy perspectives. As an energy source for natural gas and oil and transit corridor toward China and Kazakhstan, Siberia is now supported through governmental policies of restructuration and labour migration. This new perspective can lead to a new policy of regionalism in connection with foreign policy interests. For the federal center, there is an unavoidable correlation between the domestic and foreign policy stakes with Siberia’s integration in world and regional politics.

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Pereau, M. Jana. "Defining Edges: Toward a Social Poetics of Housing". In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.87.

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The house, as a formal and functional type, also provides a basic container for culture and for meaning. Its form will not be altered casually, and when people do undertake to change their houses, those changes will undoubtedly signify other changes in their cultural and social world. Along the U.S./Mexico border, the unique political geography of the borderlands allows people to build their own housing on a broad scale - in other words, to build vernacular housing. This building takes place in colonias - outside the constraints of urban zoning and building codes - by a largely Latino and immigrant population.

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Krogmann, Alfred, Magdaléna Němčíková, Ján Veselovský e Andrej Svorad. "Geographical approach to the analysis of elections on the example of parliamentary elections in Slovakia in 2016". In 27th edition of the Central European Conference with subtitle (Teaching) of regional geography. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9694-2020-8.

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With regard to surprising results of Parliamentary elections in Slovakia their geographic dimension is also important. The aim of this article is to analyze the milieu of elections and the subsequent spatial differentiation of the results of the 8 parties which were successful to enter the Parliament. Election data were processed via the diversification of election preferences, the identification of areas of election support and correlation analysis by means of which the mutual cohesion of individual parties election results was studied. We found out that within the diversification of election preferences the one party dominance – the winning SMER – SD (40 out of Slovakia’s 79 districts) – prevails. Further we have dealt with the identification of areas of political parties support, with emphasis to their core regions.

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Khalifa, Mahmoud, e Walaa Mohamed Nageab. "Use of Three-Dimensional Maps in the Study of the Political Geography Course as One of the Applications of Artificial Intelligence". In 2024 ASU International Conference in Emerging Technologies for Sustainability and Intelligent Systems (ICETSIS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetsis61505.2024.10459504.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Political geography"

Glaeser, Edward, e Bryce Ward. Myths and Realities of American Political Geography. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, dezembro de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11857.

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Nelson, Matthew J., e Seth Oldmixon. Bangladesh on the Brink: Mapping the Evolving Social Geography of Political Violence. RESOLVE Network, setembro de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/bgd2017.4.

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Baluga, Anthony, e Bruno Carrasco. The Role of Geography in Shaping Governance Performance. Asian Development Bank, dezembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200378.

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This paper demonstrates that good governance in one country can influence governance improvements in neighboring countries and highlights that regional political and economic cooperation can benefit institutional development across borders. Governance has a spatial dimension due to spillovers and resource flows across juridical boundaries. This paper finds that governance in a given country—manifested most clearly through voice and accountability—exhibits a positive relationship with those in neighboring countries. Feedback mechanisms are traced in that any change in the income level of a country can affect its governance performance and also impact the governance scores of neighboring countries. This phenomenon is observed in the “Arab Spring,” “Me Too,” and “Black Lives Matter” cross-border movements

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Cragg, Michael, e Matthew Kahn. Carbon Geography: The Political Economy of Congressional Support for Legislation Intended to Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Production. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, maio de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14963.

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Bright, Damien, e Stefan Schäfer. A comparative study of the sociotechnical imaginaries of marine geoengineering. OceanNets, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d2.1.

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In this report, we claim that although there is no national deployment or consultation program for OceanNETs in the US, Germany, or Australia, the very idea is sufficiently open-ended to accommodate and even federate different development pathways for industrial-scale emissions reduction. We use the “sociotechnical imaginaries” concept to show how existing moral and political outlooks can, concretely, support the more abstract “need” for OceanNETs within overshoot scenarios. Thus, even without an endorsement of the feasibility or desirability of OceanNETs—as a matter of transnational climate negotiations, for example—it is possible to observe openings for large-scale transformations in ocean use under the description of “climate action.” Such changes are patchier than the imagined research-to-deployment pipeline considered in conventional depictions of OceanNETs, and, indeed, may take the form of those techniques often deemed most marginal to the OceanNETs research agenda, such as “carbon capture and storage” or “seaweed afforestation.” Moreover, the difficulty of engaging local communities in these ongoing changes is a structural feature of negative emissions technology development more generally. This difficulty can be understood not only as a matter of geography, but of the assumptions of net-zero politics, in particular the abstraction of the global carbon budget. This exposes OceanNETs to considerable political and moral instabilities expressed in—yet not reducible to—concerns over the “hype cycle” or “rogue action.”

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Jung, Paul H., Jean-Claude Thill e Luis Armando Galvis-Aponte. State Failure, Violence, and Trade: Dangerous Trade Routes in Colombia. Banco de la República, dezembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.303.

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We investigate the effect of domestic armed violence brought about by political instability on the geography of distance frictions in freight mobility and the resulting differential access of regions to global markets. The Colombian transportation system has been found to be impeded by deficiencies in landside transport infrastructure and institutions, and by fragmented political environments. The micro-level analysis of U.S.-bounded export shipping records corroborates that export freight shipping from inland regions is re-routed to avoid exposures to domestic armed violence despite greatly extended landside and maritime shipping distances. We exploit the trajectories of freight shipping from Colombian regions and spatial patterns of violent armed conflicts to see how unstable geopolitical environments are detrimental to freight shipping mobility and market openness. The discrete choice model shows that the shipping flow is greatly curbed by the extended re-routing due to domestic armed violence and that inland regions have restricted access to the global market. The perception of risk and re-routing behavior is found heterogeneous across shipments and conditional to shipment characteristics, such as commodity type, freight value and shipper sizes. The results highlight that political stability must be accommodated for improved freight mobility and export-oriented economic development in the global South.

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Ferguson, Thomas, Paul Jorgensen e Jie Chen. The Knife Edge Election of 2020: American Politics Between Washington, Kabul, and Weimar. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, novembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp169.

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This paper analyzes the 2020 election, focusing on voters, not political money, and emphasizing the importance of economic geography. Drawing extensively on county election returns, it analyzes how spatial factors combined with industrial structures to shape the outcome. It treats COVID 19’s role at length. The paper reviews studies suggesting that COVID 19 did not matter much, but then sets out a new approach indicating it mattered a great deal. The study analyzes the impact on the vote not only of unemployment but differences in income and industry structures, along with demographic factors, including religion, ethnicity, and race. It also studies how the waves of wildcat strikes and social protests that punctuated 2020 affected the vote in specific areas. Trump’s very controversial trade policies and his little discussed farm policies receive detailed attention. The paper concludes with a look at how political money helped make the results of the Congressional election different from the Presidential race. It also highlights the continuing importance of private equity and energy sectors opposed to government action to reverse climate change as conservative forces in (especially) the Republican Party, together with agricultural interests.

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Gaviria, Alejandro, e Ernesto H. Stein. The Evolution of Urban Concentration around the World: A Panel Approach. Inter-American Development Bank, abril de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010774.

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In this paper, we use a panel approach to study population growth in major cities around the world. We find that major cities grow faster in relatively backward economies and in more volatile, faster-growing economies. We also find that the effects of trade policy on the growth of major cities hinge heavily on geography. While population growth in major cities located at or near ports does not change after an upsurge of trade flows, population growth in landlocked major cities tends to slow down after the same event. On the other hand, we do not find any effect of political regime on the population growth of major cities. Finally, we find some evidence that, other things being equal, larger cities tend to grow at smaller rates.

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Birchall, Jenny. Intersectionality and Responses to Covid-19. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), março de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2021.003.

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There is a small but growing body of literature that discusses the benefits, challenges and opportunities of intersectional responses to the socioeconomic impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic. There is a strong body of evidence pointing to the disproportionate impact of Covid-19 borne by women, who have suffered record job losses, been expected to take on even greater unpaid care burdens and home schooling responsibilities, and faced a “shadow pandemic” of violence against women and girls. However, gender inequalities cannot be discussed in isolation from other inequalities. Emerging literature stresses the importance of a Covid-19 recovery plan that addresses how gender intersects with class, race, disability, age, sexual orientation, geography, immigration status and religion or belief, and other factors such as employment, housing (and homelessness) and environmental and political stressors.

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Ramírez Rodríguez, Santiago. Violence and Crime in Nicaragua: A Country Profile. Inter-American Development Bank, junho de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006969.

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The Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) conducted an evaluation of a cluster of citizen security projects. The main objective was to identify what factors explained the implementation performance of the projects, and what lessons could be learned from these experiences. This Background Paper presents the results of one of these diagnostics for Nicaragua. Following the introduction, the country profile begins with an overview of the Nicaraguan context in terms of geography, demographics, economy, as well as recent political history (section II). It then builds a diagnostic that covers different forms of violence and crime (section III) as well as main risk and protective factors (section IV), based on available statistics and specialized international and local literature. In section V, the paper reviews the strategy adopted by the Government throughout the last decade to respond to main forms of violence and crime, it describes the budget allocation to citizen security over recent years. Finally, section VI presents the IDB citizen security project part of the comparative evaluation, and summarizes various exercises that OVE undertook to provide additional background information and analysis.

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