Teses / dissertações: "Policy and Administration"

1

Belokosztolszki, András. "Role-based access control policy administration". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615798.

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2

Kemp, Jeffrey S. "Education policy administration: A journey of discovery". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36588/1/36588_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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In recent years pressure has been brought to bear on those responsible for Catholic Education to rethink educational administration. A repackaging and renaming of the long standing suite of Commonwealth Targetted Programs as the National Equity Program for Schools (NEPS) saw cash-strapped educational authorities around the nation sign binding educational and financial agreements to access the supplementary equity funds. The response of Brisbane Catholic Education was to appoint this researcher as Principal Education Officer - Equity Services responsible for the development and implementation of Equity policy in Primary schools and Secondary Colleges in the Archdiocese. The requirement of such policy was that it delivered a particular Catholic brand of equity while respecting the accountability requirements of the Department of Employment Education Training and Youth Affairs (DEETYA) as the educational agent of the Commonwealth Government. A requirement then to function as an educational policy administrator provided the catalyst for this research. At the outset of this study, a hierarchical, linear view of policy was assumed. Little emphasis was given to the impact government, system organisational history, view of equity, or current administrative practice had on policy administration. The assumption was that policy would reflect system values and assumptions and that it would be readily embraced by quiescent administrators aligned with the system. An understanding of policy as a fragmented, complex process was argued as offering possibilities for framing thought on policy administration. Following McKay (1996) semi structured interviews were utilised to amplify the audible whispers of system and school level administrators in regard to the system equity policy. Reflection on the data led to three key lessons being identified in respect to education policy administration. Lesson 1 stresses the need to understand policy as a complex, serendipitous process representing temporary settlements between competing forces existent and operating at every level of policy administration. Lesson 2 highlights a need for consideration of the contextual environment within which policy is administered. Equity policy administrators are encouraged to act as leaders of learning organisations and to exercise license in the administration of equity policy framed within clearly articulated system parameters. Lesson 3 advocates the adoption of a policy administration plan featuring high levels of communication between those responsible for policy administration. In this case, the familiar framework of the Self-Renewing Catholic School process is seen to offer a useful vehicle for equity policy implementation and renewal.

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3

Lam, Sze-yi, e 林思儀. "Policing and district administration: an analysis of policy and administration coordination problems". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46773824.

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4

Richardson, Robert Gregory. "US foreign policy ideology & the Reagan administration /". Title page, contents and introduction only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arr521.pdf.

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5

Koundinya, Sridarshan U. "Electricity pricing policy :|ba neo-institutional, developmental and cross-national policy design map /". The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487951595503826.

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6

Laor, Efraim. "Policy, strategy and administration of large-scale sudden disasters". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362786.

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7

Fortis, Martin Francisco De Almeida. "Bringing politics and administration together : for an agonistic policy model". Thesis, University of Westminster, 2014. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8yq87/bringing-politics-and-administration-together-for-an-agonistic-policy-model.

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This thesis offers a new answer for an old question. Since the inception of public policy and administrative studies, the field has grappled with the problem of how to define the relationship between politics and administration. An examination of the policy literature suggests the existence of two major views: disjunctive and integrative. On one hand, those scholars who favour a disjunctive view construe politics and administration as mutually exclusive spheres. In this case, the study of policy and administration tends to emphasize the technical aspects and ignore the political factors. On the other hand, theorists who embrace an integrative view suggest that administration is fundamentally a political activity. Expanding the focus beyond managerial concerns, integrative scholars argue that public policies should not be confined to technocratic styles of policy-making that inhibit citizen engagement and depoliticize the public sphere. In spite of their commendable attention to politics, however, integrative theorists (particularly those embracing an interpretive orientation or a deliberative approach) have not yet been able to convincingly delineate a policy model that fully recognizes the political. The key argument of this thesis is that an agonistic vision has a strong potential to think politics and administration together that has not yet been considered by contemporary policy scholarship. Drawing on the work of Chantal Mouffe, the Agonistic Policy Model (APM) proposed here attempts to fill an important gap in the literature. Although agonistic theories have been widely recognized in the academic discipline of political science, they have not yet been translated into an implementable policy model. It is argued that an APM elucidates how politics and administration can be construed as interdependent spheres, thus offering a solution that helps to envisage how the political can be properly integrated into public policy and administration. In addition, besides an original interpretation of the policy process, the APM provides an innovative way of thinking how policy-making can contribute to deepen democratic values and institutions.

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8

Lo, Wai-ming Vivian. "A review of the effectiveness of the discipline policy of the Royal Hong Kong Police Force". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18596071.

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9

Burke, Sabrina 1970. "A policy design analysis of federal forest policy". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291717.

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The intent of this thesis is to apply policy design analysis to federal forest policy in the United States. This thesis describes alternative policy analysis frameworks and argues that a policy design approach is the most useful for analyzing federal forest policy and for understanding the intense social conflict which surrounds forest policy today. This paper will argue that present conflicts stem from the inability of past forest policy designs to simultaneously pursue the important social goals of economic development, ecological sustainability and social democracy. What is needed is an approach to forest policy which can address and ameliorate these conflicts. This will require several changes in the underlying assumptions of natural resource management. Ecosystem management, as an alternative approach to forest policy, will be discussed and analyzed in order to identify in what ways forest policy may change and to speculate about the implications of these changes.

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10

Cousins, Maureen E. "The education policy of the Dufferin Roblin administration, 1958-1967". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0003/MQ32085.pdf.

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11

McKeown, John. "Aspects of policy and administration of FE in Northern Ireland". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318799.

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12

Stegmann, McCallion Malin. "'EU'ropeanisation : challenges to regional administration and regional policy in Sweden". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419407.

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13

Walley, E. D. "Displacing social policy and administration : a view of discursive marginalisation". Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288059.

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14

Ellis, Lacy Kristine. "Policemoms: Perceptions of Motherhood and Policy in Ohio Police Organizations". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2649.

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Police organizations have a problem retaining female police officers, especially those who are mothers. Women leave the policing profession at higher rates during childbearing and child-rearing years than during any other time in their career. Using feminist theory as a foundation, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to gain a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of policewomen who are mothers and identify factors that contribute to poor retention rates during childbearing and child-rearing years. Data were collected through 11 interviews with policewomen, who were also mothers, in Ohio. These data were analyzed using Saldana's 2-cycle coding procedure followed by thematic analysis. The findings included a set of patterns that provided insight into the reasons why female police officers are more difficult to retain. These patterns included: (a) challenges related to a double standard associated with women being primary caregivers, (b) psycho-social changes after children including hypervigilance on the job, (c) fear of reassignment or termination, and (d) the perception that departmental policy fails to address the unique needs of female officers. Together, the findings suggest that police departments today have yet to fully understand the challenges that policewomen who are mothers face on a daily basis. The implications for social change include reformed policies and practices that could contribute to the advancement and professionalization of the policing profession as a whole by changing the traditionally masculine organizational culture and promoting a more gender-neutral environment, thus allowing communities to benefit from having a more diverse police force.

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15

Payne, Kenneth. "Personality and the policy stream : explaining US foreign policy decision-making during the first Clinton administration". Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250069.

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16

Harrigan, Brian. "Government environmental policy in Brazil". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9881.

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Brazil is not a homogeneous mix of peoples or ecological traits and its regions are in fact characterized by widely divergent cultures, beliefs, perceptions and attitudes reflected in a wide array of social and political structures. This thesis posits that there are underlying characteristics which form the foundation of the Brazilian governments' environmental policies, and that fundamental trends have emerged from this policy process. Part 1 attempts to hone the meanings of both the environment and policy, and presents the elements which form the environmental policy framework, and provides the blueprint from which Brazil's environmental mapping is traced. Part 2 underlines Brazil's diversity alluded to previously, and which must constantly be contrasted with the admittedly simplifying policy instruments developed in Part 1 in order to more accurately reflect the country's diverse realities. Brazil's less than brilliant environmental reputation is also briefly described. Part 3 and, particularly, Part 4 form the nucleus of the thesis, and describe Brazil's historical formation viewed through its effect on the environmental policy framework elements, namely long and short-term forces, "environmental players", and the constituent parts of the policy process including: Agenda setting and policy formulation, and policy legitimization, implementation and evaluation. Nearly five hundred years of social, political and economic evolution and their effects on the environmental framework are sectioned into five periods, with relevant elements affecting Brazil's environmental policy arena concluding each historical section, and with particular analytical emphasis starting from the onset of the military regime in 1964. Finally, Part 5 is a retrospective overview which pulls together the analysis of the previous parts, and unfold Brazil's environmental policy map, identifying the clear characteristics and trends which have surfaced within the country's environmental evolution, thus reaching the thesis' objectives. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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17

Niessen, Nicole. "Municipal government in Indonesia : policy, law and practice of decentralization and urban spatial planning /". Leiden : Research School CNWS, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37683501g.

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18

Ferraz, Esteves de Araujo Joaquim Filipe. "Reform and institutional persistence in Portuguese central administration". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302536.

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19

Ho, Sai-him Benny. "An analysis of the policy on investigating complaints against the Hong Kong police". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20075480.

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20

Gallaher, Samuel Ballou. "Policy Actor Beliefs and Behaviors in Contentious Policy Debates| Examining Policy Actors within the Statewide, Fracking Subsystems of Colorado, Texas, and New York". Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10608223.

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The goal of this dissertation is to address three areas in the policy process literature that require clarification. First, it examines how a policy actor’s deep and policy core beliefs translate into secondary beliefs. To do so, the research models the effect of an individual’s view of government in daily life and their policy belief towards fracking on their secondary belief of which level of government should regulate an issue. Second, the research examines how a policy actor’s policy core beliefs affect a behavior called venue shopping. The research asks how policy actors’ belief towards the policy status quo affects their shopping activity level, and how their beliefs toward decision makers influence venue selection. Third, the research examines local governmental representatives as policy actors in a state-level policy subsystem. Policy process research identifies local government representatives within advocacy coalitions, but little is known about how local governmental actors compare to other advocates in the coalitions. The research uses the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) as an analytical and theoretical foundation and applies other policy process and organizational theories to inform its hypotheses. I use multiple quantitative data modeling techniques to explore each question. Data for the research is from original surveys of policy actors in state-level hydraulic fracturing subsystems in Colorado, Texas, and New York. Findings indicate policy actors’ deep core and policy core beliefs significantly influence their secondary beliefs. However, deep core beliefs have a greater effect on secondary beliefs related to more abstract issues, such as air quality, and less on more concrete issues, such as the distance a well should be from other structures. The venue shopping models indicate policy actors who oppose the policy status quo shop more venues than those who align with the status quo. Additionally, the strongest indicator of which venue a policy actor shops is not their beliefs toward the decision makers, but their other shopping choices. Finally, analyses show local governments are a unique group within and across coalitions because of their network relationships and they align with one another on a set of policy core beliefs, but are also divided among pro and anti-fracking coalitions on other policy core beliefs. Overall, this dissertation shows the ACF provides a theoretical and analytical frame to examine policy actor beliefs and behavior, but additional theories and sub-groupings of policy actors are needed to explain nuances in policy actor dynamics.

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21

Barrella, Jessica Rose. "Fear and U.S. foreign policy during the Truman administration, 1945-1952". FIU Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1404.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate how the Truman administration used fear to generate popular support for its Cold War foreign policies. Three issues were examined through the use of published government documents, personal memoirs, and weekly periodicals to assess the responses of the American public: the enactment of universal military training (UMT), the Soviet detonation of an atomic device, and the Truman administration's decision to build the hydrogen bomb. This study shows that the changing attitudes in the Truman administration toward the Soviet Union occurred in a climate of fear. Through press releases and by exerting influence on the media, the administration attempted to control the information the public received. Through the use of propaganda, the Truman administration pursued the implementation of UMT, generated fear of the Soviet Union after its detonation of the atomic bomb, and gained relative public support for the decision to build the hydrogen bomb.

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22

Ward, Jay W. "Federal policy on agriculture under the Reagan administration the first year /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5679.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 19, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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23

Wilde, Ralph. "The administration of territory by international organizations : conceptualizing a policy institution". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423863.

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24

Kuti, Morakinyo A. O. "Effects of a Policy Development Process on Implementing an Equity-Based Policy". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4458.

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Unstable residential and inadequate academic environments lead to poor educational outcomes for low-income students in urban areas. In 2011, Ohio enacted a law to create a college preparatory boarding school (CPBS) for low-income students by 2013. However, Ohio's CPBS has not yet been established, thereby denying these students an opportunity to attain skills needed to enter college. Using the policy feedback theory (PFT) and Fredrickson's theory of social equity (SET) as foundations, the purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the nature of implementation barriers and propose solutions by exploring 2 successful CPBS programs in Maryland and Washington, D.C. The research questions focused on identifying implementation practices from the successful CPBS programs with the aim to propose options to implement Ohio's law. Data were collected from a purposeful sample of 14 participants which included 2 Ohio legislators; public administrators, Ohio (7), Maryland (1), Washington, D.C (3); and 1 Ohio union leader, and a review of relevant public and official records. All data were deductively coded and subjected to a constant comparison analysis. Results showed that Ohio's public education administrators were excluded from the CPBS policy's design, unlike their peers. Further, Ohio's CPBS law favored a particular stakeholder involved in its design and was not executed when Ohio's education administrators and the entity disagreed over public assets ownership. The findings affirmed SET's condition for an open and inclusive policy process and PFT's claim that current policies affect resources and the paradigm for new policies. Positive social change implications from this study include recommendations to Ohio's policymakers to create a more inclusive process involving parties willing to provide an effective learning environment for economically marginalized children.

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25

Tsourdi, Evangelia. "Administrative Governance in the EU Asylum Policy: The Limits of the European Administration in Establishing a Common Asylum System". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/239919.

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The main aim of this research is to holistically analyse the content and critically assess the development of EU’s ‘Common European Asylum System’ (CEAS). It is pursued in three consecutive steps. The research first offers a deeper understanding of the CEAS, a notion that despite its centrality to EU’s asylum policy lacks a precise definition. This gap forms the natural starting point of this study. The study advances its own substantial understanding, which includes the modes of implementation of the policy. Hence, it retraces the main modes of implementation in the initial policy design. As a second step, the research focuses on a principle that should be central to the design and implementation of this policy, the principle of solidarity and fair sharing of responsibility. It argues that this principle unsettles the initial administration paradigms. The third step is to analyse an element that has not been explored so far by legal literature, namely the administrative governance of CEAS, as it pertains to its implementation. On this basis it examines the institutionalisation of practical co-operation, people-sharing arrangements and EU funding. It is a study of the European administration in action in the area of asylum. I critically assess the adaptations made to the policy design since its inception, including those catapulted by the so-called refugee crisis. On this basis, the research proposes potential avenues for the future development of the asylum policy.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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26

Barnett, John B. "Addressing Policy Challenges to Woody Biopower Production| Social Acceptance, Biomass Certification and Limited Policy Support". Thesis, Michigan Technological University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10982309.

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Forestlands have been identified as a valuable resource to mitigate climate change due to the biome’s capacity to both sequester greenhouse gases and substitute for fossil fuels. Woody biomass has been proposed as a substitutable input for coal-generated electricity as economies attempt to transition to renewable power while addressing economic development goals. However, increasing the intensity of forest management for energy production has the potential to result in significant ecological, economic and social consequences at local, regional and global scales. In this context, my dissertation explores the capacity of existing policy frameworks to stimulate and support sustainable power production from forest biomaterials. In Chapter Two, I explore the interactions between shifting goals, actors and institutions in influencing incentives that shape today’s policy mix for woody biopower production in Wisconsin. The study’s results reveal that the state’s shifting focus away from using renewable energy as a means to pursue climate change mitigation and energy security goals combined with an absence of supportive coalitions has resulted in the dismantling of support for the woody biopower policy framework. In Chapter Three, I use data from a household survey of Tomahawk, Wisconsin residents to evaluate support for woody biomass production for power generation. Results show that respondents in biomass producing communities are more supportive of biomass sources such as forestry residues and forestry thinnings than dedicated harvesting operations. In addition, the results indicate that using an ecosystem services approach can help explain differences in support between these respondents and provide insights into socially acceptable forms of biomass harvesting operations. Chapter Four evaluates the use of sustainable forest management certification programs as a policy instrument to source sustainable woody biomass. The study evaluated the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) certification programs using bioenergy sustainability criteria found in the academic literature. The analysis shows a deficiency in these programs to address key criteria pertaining to climate change mitigation and would be improved by coupling sustainable forest management programs with bioenergy sustainability schemes such as designed by the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials.

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Reis, Tarcila. "Administrative policy law : a comparative institutional analysis of State reform in Chile, Brazil and Argentina". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f6h8764enu2lskk9p4c4n6506.

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L'argument de cette thèse est le suivant : la « réforme de l'Etat » est une politique publique permanente, auto-conflictuelle et générale, défiant toute conceptualisation stable du droit administratif. Ce que nous affirmons ici n'est pas seulement que les transformations de l'Etat au cours des vingt dernières années ont donc un impact sur l'ancien paradigme du droit administratif. Au-delà, nous pensons que le nouveau paradigme est privé de tout contenu ordonné : l'engagement est de ne pas être engagé par un ensemble fixe d'outils permettant d’élaborer et de mettre en oeuvre des politiques publiques. L’action de l'Etat abandonne la prévisibilité et s'engage dans une évaluation continue. Plusieurs pays ont publié leurs « livres blancs » comme un effort pour revoir l'organisation et le fonctionnement de leurs Etats. Mais si ces initiatives ont été énoncées par la même langue, elles peuvent suggérer une variété infinie de discours. Compte tenu de la diversité des discours dans le scénario régional, les cas du Chili, du Brésil et de l'Argentine semblent comparables et suffisamment différents pour rendre la comparaison intéressante. Ainsi, nous analysons les discours que chaque pays a produit à travers quatre sous-politiques de la réforme de l’État. Nous montrons que les agences de régulation et la décentralisation ont substitué la cohérence à la construction d’un droit administratif sur mesure, fondé sur des innovations structurelles plurielles afin de répondre à la complexité de l'action de l'État. Ensuite, nous expliquons que les partenariats public-privé et les réformes de la fonction publique ont dénaturé la prévisibilité de l'action publique et caractérisent une approche expérimentaliste du droit administratif, car l'autonomisation des individus a été favorisé. Enfin, nous constatons que la réforme de l'État limite l'écart entre les politiques publiques et les phénomènes de droit administratif et met en évidence l'interaction nécessaire entre ces deux réalités
On the basis of a comparative work, we argue that “State Reform” is a continuous, self-conflicting and overall public policy that challenges any stable conceptualization of Administrative Law. We do not only argue that the transformations of the State in the last twenty years have affected the previous paradigm of Administrative Law. Beyond that, the new paradigm is deprived of any programmed content: the commitment is to not be committed to any fixed set of tools to elaborate and implement public policy. Hence, there is a potential approximation between public law and public policy phenomena. Indeed, Chile pushed this approximation in a more aggressive way: the “pragmatic Weber” profoundly reformed the State without being revolutionary and articulated its parts without renouncing its unitary character. In Chile, nothing sounds truly public, but nothing seems to be completely out of the State control. Public and private confusion is further acknowledged. In turn, Brazil has absorbed some values from the public policy rational, but they only consolidate one more « chapter » of Administrative Law books. There is a fragmented understanding of Administrative Law in Brazil, which encompasses a bipolar (or even multi-polar) speech of a “confused Weber”, who manages a de-centralized State, deals with the tensions of the double legitimacy of regulatory agencies and bets on several public-private partnership models. Finally, neither is Argentinean Administrative Law confused, nor is it real. The “would-be Weber” pursues an ideal structure of the State that actually enlarges the gap between administrative law and public policy phenomena. The legal speech still seeks to provide a coherent and predictable system. However, the Argentinean institutional fragility constantly transforms this speech into a set of rhetoric arguments to allow the application of emergency measures. Administrative Law in Argentina has not become closer to public policy phenomenon, but a server of it

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Foster, Kevin JR. "Policy regimes in South African electricity policy as a barrier to reform and sustainability Kevin J.R. Foster". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12080.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis examines the South African electricity policy-making regime asking the question "What is the nature of South Africa's electricity policy regime and how does it act as a barrier to reform and the introduction of sustainable energy sources into the South Africa's energy system from 1994 to 2011?" It hypothesizes that a policy regime that amounts to a coalition between energy intensive business, electricity utility Eskom and the Government that has developed in the post apartheid era out of what Fine and Rustomjee called the Minerals-Energy Complex. It hypothesizes that this regime uses its financial and political power and skills asymmetries to ensure policy is made in a supply paradigm, which prefers cheap source of electricity supply to meet growing demand over efficiency and sustainability in the energy system and that this is the major barrier to reform.

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Sowa, Jessica Elizabeth O'Leary Rosemary. "Changing a policy field? : policy design and collaboration in early care and education". Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Bah, Alhaji M. S. "Policy issues and regional integration : a case study of Nigeria'a policy in the economic community of West African States (ECOWAS) - 1979-1997". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9049.

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Bibliography: leaves 206-221.
In West Africa, where most countries attained independence in 1960 or around that time, Economic co-operation and integration have been pursued at different levels with varying degree of successes. This study addresses Nigeria 's policy in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) between 1979-1997. It is an investigation of the forces that have been driving the integration efforts in West Africa. The study focuses on the period between 1979-1997. The analysis proceeds through three phases: Firstly the Alhaji Shehu Shagari Era 1979-1983; secondly, the General Muhammadu Buhari era 1983-1984; finally the General Ibrahim Babangida/Ernest Shonekan/General Sani Abacha eras 1984-1998. The policy posture of Nigeria as a regional power-broker is the focal point of analysis in relation to specific Protocols of the ECOWAS Treaty. Three policy courses pursued by Nigeria during this period have been the subject of examination in this study: the expulsion of illegal immigrants most of whom were citizens of ECOWAS member states in 1983 and 1985, the land border closure of 1984-1985, and Nigeria 's role in ECOMOG. These policies are analysed in tandem with the Protocol on the free movement of goods; persons and services, the 1979 Non-Aggression Pact, the 1981 Mutual Assistance Protocol and the Protocol dealing with landlocked and Island member states. Other sub- regional forces like the linguistic barriers between the Anglophone, Francophone and Lusophone speaking states, the involvement of external powers like France, Britain and the United States of America and the regional rivalry between Cote d 'lvoire, Senegal, Ghana, Burkina Faso and Nigeria are also interrogated. The study concludes that regional integration is the most viable alternative for the socio-economic development and political stability of countries in the subregion. However, because of the disparity in the level of economic development, the issue of free movement of persons should be handled with high political tact in order to avoid a repetition of the 1983 and 1985 Nigerian expulsions. Such moves may not be a contravention of the Protocol in question but will dampen the spirit of 'oneness' that is a sine qua non for the success of the Community. Moreover the implementation of such a sensitive Protocol as the 1979 Non-Aggression Pact and the 1981 Mutual Defence Agreement needs a clear mandate to reduce the controversy that arises over the interpretation of such Protocols. This will reduce the regional tensions and acrimony as is manifested over Nigeria 's pivotal role in ECOMOG. Finally, the study concludes that Nigeria has a very signiﬁcant role to play in ECOWAS. The realisation of the dreams of the founders of the Community is highly dependent on a consistent policy course by Nigeria in the affairs of ECOWAS.

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31

Lo, Wai-ming Vivian, e 羅慧明. "A review of the effectiveness of the discipline policy of the Royal Hong Kong Police Force". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965349.

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Fitzpatrick, Katie. "Behavioral responses to public policy reforms". Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Schneider, Tracey L. "A State-Level Superintendent Evaluation Policy Analysis". W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153937.

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It is the superintendent's complex role and ultimate leadership responsibility for all district outcomes that suggests superintendents hold the key to successful reform. Research in the wake of the federal accountability and reform movement has focused on the principal as the mediator of school reform. Consequently, there is a dearth of research focusing on the superintendent's role in school reform, superintendent performance evaluation, and the state's responsibility to ensure a fair, equitable, and high-quality superintendent evaluation process through state-level policy. This study is a comprehensive policy analysis of state-level superintendent evaluation policies nationwide using a basic content analysis methodology and a researcher-developed content-analysis rubric. The study investigated the impact of the accountability and reform movement on superintendent performance evaluations, identified the current status of state-level superintendent evaluation policies and policy coherence with the personnel evaluation standards developed by the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation (Joint Committee), and determined whether a significant relationship exists between the breadth and depth of state-level superintendent evaluation policy and a state's political culture. Results show that 34 states have superintendent evaluation policies, but states vary substantially on the depth of superintendent evaluation policies and coherence with the Joint Committee standards. More states scored higher on the utility and feasibility standards than on the propriety and accuracy standards. There was no significant relationship, however, between a state's political culture and the breadth and depth of its superintendent evaluation policy as determine by the state's total content analysis rubric score.

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Fele, Oluropo Abiodun. "NYC Administration for Children's Services Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention Polices, Program and Laws". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6016.

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Despite efforts and financial resources invested in the prevention of child abuse and neglect in New York City (NYC), many children are still in danger of being victimized by their parents or caregivers. The general public's assumption is that the NYC Administration for Children's Services (ACS) either does not have efficient policies, programs, or laws to protect at-risk children, or these are not being properly implemented. The purpose of this qualitative study was to provide a thorough analysis of ACS policies, programs, and laws based on information gained from interviews with child welfare experts. Newberger and Newberger's social support theory provided the theoretical framework for the study. The methodology was a holistic case study design in which data were analyzed and collected through semi structured face-to-face interviews with 12 child welfare experts, archival records, and publicly available documents from ACS, the New York State Office of Children and Family Services, and NYC family court websites. Five themes emerged after the data were inductively coded and subjected to a content analytical procedure: implementation of programs, policies, and laws; areas of policies and programs that need improvement; reasons for failure of child abuse prevention; communication problems; and risk factors for child abuse and neglect. The key finding of this study was that child abuse and neglect prevention policies, programs, and laws were not adequately implemented. The study concludes with recommendations to retrain workers and to conduct a reexamination of existing child abuse prevention policies, programs, and laws to meet the needs of NYC at-risk children.

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Zyla, Benjamin. "Multilateralism à la Carte? : The Bush II administration and US foreign policy". Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1343/.

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The use of unilateral force under George W. Bush is not a new phenomenon in US foreign policy. As the author argues, it is merely a continuation of Bill Clinton’s foreign policy and is deeply rooted in both the foreign policy traditions of Jacksonianism and Wilsonianism. The analysis concludes that Clinton used unilateralist foreign policy with a 'smile' whereas the Bush administration uses it with an attitude.
Die unilaterale Außenpolitik unter George W. Bush ist kein neues Phänomen der US-Diplomatie. Dem Autor zufolge ist sie vielmehr eine Fortführung der Politik der Clinton-Regierung und hat ihre Wurzeln in den Traditionen eines Andrew Jackson und Woodrow Wilson. Clinton vermochte jedoch seine unilaterale Politik mit einem "Lächeln" zu verkaufen, wohingegen die Art und Weise der Bush-Administration stets Irritationen hervorrief.

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Wright, G. V. "A case study of U.S. foreign policy : The Carter administration and Angola". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379061.

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Mee, Richard Charles. "The foreign policy of the Chamberlain wartime administration, September 1939-May 1940". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/635/.

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This thesis is a detailed analysis of British foreign policy between 3 September 1939 and 10 May 1940. It concentrates on policy towards the Far East, Italy, the Soviet Union, the Balkans, and Scandinavia. These areas represented the biggest challenges to British policy following the outbreak of war with Germany: Japan and Italy, whilst nominal allies of Germany, had opted to stay out of the war, the Soviet Union appeared to be acting in collaboration with Germany but was not at war with Britain, and the Balkans and Scandinavia were the most likely theatres of war if the conflict were to spread. Lack of resources dictated that British efforts be directed towards minimising military activity and containing the conflict, whilst putting economic pressure on Germany’s ability to fight. Potential allies of Germany had to be dissuaded from entering the war and prevented from helping Germany economically. Potential theatres of war had to be kept neutral unless or until an extension of hostilities would be in Britain’s interests. The contradictions and conflicts of interest created by these policies posed serious problems, and it is the British attempts to solve these problems which form the focus of this study.

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Mahdi, Ahmed Samir Sayed. "US foreign policy and energy resources during the George W. Bush administration". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/748/.

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Based on the Open Door Policy, the United States has pursued an informal empire based on spreading its economic influence by ensuring open access to vital goods and raw materials, and establishing military presence in areas of interest, as America’s corporate and strategic interests worked together in harmony. This approach has been especially evident in energy-producing regions, where the US seeks to establish economic and military dominance to support its global economic power. George W. Bush, like all his predecessors, pursued the Open Door Empire, especially with respect to access to foreign energy resources, which took on an even higher priority because of his ties to the oil industry and the belief that the US was suffering from an energy crisis and relative economic decline. Energy procurement was linked to his other foreign policy priority as he took office; military advancement. After the September 11 attacks, two other foreign policy priorities were established: the War on Terror, and global power projection. Bush used the War on Terror to implement the Open Door Policy and meld the four priorities. He used the military to solve America’s economic and energy problems by invading Afghanistan and Iraq to control vital energy routes and resources, both as an end in itself (due to the economic and corporate benefits to the US) and a means to other, greater ends (as control over global energy supplies strengthened America’s imperial status). The Bush Doctrine stipulated that in the War on Terror, the US should take the war to the enemy and spread democracy as a tool to combat terrorism. Invading Iraq was meant to demonstrate US military power, fight terrorism (based on the false claims of Saddam Hussein’s ties to al Qaeda), secure Iraq’s oil resources and rebuild the country, using Iraq’s oil revenues. Thus Iraq would become a democratic model for the Middle East and a substitute for Saudi Arabia as America’s main strategic ally and source of oil. Compared to the George H.W. Bush and Clinton Administrations, the George W. Bush Administration is unique in two ways. First, it put energy resources at the fore of its foreign policy goals during his first days in office. Second, unlike previous US administrations that preserved undemocratic regimes in the Middle East to stabilize the region’s oil resources, the Bush Administration tried to democratise the region, using Iraq’s oil to rebuild the country into a democratic model. In pursuing these aims, the Bush Administration can be blamed for negligence, as it ignored warnings of post-war violence while planning for the Iraq war. The Bush Doctrine was too dependent on success in Iraq and on rebuilding the Iraqi oil sector. The post-war instability led to the failure of the Bush Doctrine’s plans for the region, meaning that the Bush Administration had to return to supporting undemocratic regimes in the Middle East. Despite endeavours to spread its global military power, promote global economic influence and diversify energy resources away from the Middle East, the US will continue to suffer from relative decline and will be less energy secure than ever.

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Pinto, Aurimar José. "Inventory policy diagnosis and its importance for the strategic administration of manufacturing". Universidade de Taubaté, 2003. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=50.

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The constant needs for the reduction of companies operational costs has transformed Inventory into a targeted source for this end by upper management. The high investment value that it represents for organizations, aside from the immediate contribution to cash flow, when it is reduced, allows inventory to be a source of strategic advantage. The objective of this study is to understand the behavior of independent variables such as production cycletime or lead-time, daily demand rate of finished product and the interval between production orders and their effects on the determination of an inventory policy. The study is performed in a manufacturing company that produces intermittent, repetitive small batches and a large variety of products. Cash flow techniques are applied to detail the production processes and respective planning. The historical data of mentioned variables refer to the period from January 2000 to February 2002. These data are used to develop the calculations of safety stock and average and maximum stock from the viewpoint of the management approach in Replenishment Point and Periodically Review. The real application of the data available from the company is studied to calculate the inventory policy. It is concluded that, in spite of the adoption of a sophisticated mechanism of production planning and a strong culture of measurements by the company, the statistical data of fundamental variables are not utilized systematically to determine the inventory policy. This fact confirms the thesis that inventory reductions, in general, are circumstantial and is not supported by fundamental techniques.
A constante necessidade de redução dos custos operacionais das empresas tem transformado o Inventário em fonte preferencial, para este fim, pela alta administração. O alto valor de investimento que ele representa para as organizações, além da contribuição imediata no fluxo de caixa, quando da sua redução, faz com que o inventário seja uma fonte de vantagem competitiva.O objetivo deste estudo é compreender o comportamento das variáveis independentes como tempo de ciclo da produção ou lead-time, taxa diária de demanda do item de produto acabado e tempo de intervalo entre ordens de produção, e os seus efeitos no cálculo de uma política de inventário.O estudo é realizado em uma empresa de manufatura de produção intermitente repetitiva em lotes de pequenas quantidades e grande variedade de produtos.Técnicas de fluxo de valor são aplicadas para detalhamento dos processos de produção e do seu respectivo planejamento. Os dados históricos das variáveis mencionadas referem-se ao período de janeiro de 2000 a fevereiro de 2002. Com estes dados, desenvolvem-se os cálculos de estoque de segurança, estoque médio e máximo,sob a óptica das abordagens de gerenciamento por Ponto de Reposição e Revisão Periódica. Analisa-se a real aplicação dos dados disponíveis na empresa, para o cálculo da política de inventário. Conclui-se que apesar de ser adotado mecanismo sofisticado de planejamento de produção e haver uma forte cultura de medições por parte da empresa, os dados estatísticos das variáveis fundamentais não são utilizados de forma sistemática para o cálculo da política de inventário. Este fato confirma a tese de que as reduções de inventário, de uma maneira geral, são circunstanciais e não sustentadas por fundamentos técnicos.

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Flodin, Frans. "Sustainable ethics in public administration? -Ethical dilemmas in sustainable development policy implementation". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75551.

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This Master´s thesis analyses ethical dilemmas through a theory of three administrative ethics. These three ethics derives from the aspects of sustainable development. The purpose is to combine modern scholars’ requirements of administrative ethics, ideas of how public officials should work and sustainable development as a high ethical goal. Hence the aim is to design an approach and practical understanding of sustainable ethics within public administration. The research applies an empirical and qualitative method, including three elite interviews and a case study. Ethical dilemmas as an ethical phenomenon is used as an analytic tool the can test a practical use of the theory. The interviews are meant to collect experiences from public officials on ethical dilemmas in relation to sustainable development. One case was studied in debt, namely a dilemma situation in Swedish municipality Enköping, where politicians in the Environmental board actively and repeatedly chose not to follow the Environmental Code. A conclusion from the results is that ethical dilemmas in many cases can be illustrate with the theory of sustainable ethics. Moreover, the results show that the interviewees have a restrictive view of how they can and should work as public servants compared with modern scholars’ arguments of more political working public officials. The title of this research ends with a question mark that intend to challenge the reader with a mindset that sustainable ethics requires more than one specific ethic.

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Poocharoen, Ora-orn. "Comparative public management reform cases of policy transfer in Thailand and Malaysia /". Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/129831035.html.

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McCauley, John C. "Public Safety Directors' Leadership Role for the Implementation of the National Incident Management System". ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/927.

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The National Incident Management System (NIMS) is the result of Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (HSPD-5). NIMS requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to develop a national policy template for state, local, regional, and federal agencies to work together during emergencies. One difficulty with NIMS is that state and local agencies interpret and implement NIMS requirements differently. Using Lusier & Achua's theory of integrative leadership and Burns, Bass, Kouzes, and Posner's concept of transformational leadership, this study examined the relationship between the leadership provided by city public safety directors (CPSDs) and effective NIMS implementation at the local level. Two research questions were posed to determine if education, experience, leadership, competency, or knowledge of their position, impacted the required NIMS implementation. The Delphi technique was used to develop 30 survey statements that formed the basis for a survey of 25 CPSDs in a Midwestern state. Data were analyzed using chi-square as a test of association. Results indicated that NIMS knowledge is inconsistent among CPSDs, the cause of which is likely lack of training in NIMS emergency response requirements and not lack of knowledge about leadership styles or techniques. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that CPSDs have the leadership skills required to lead emergency management organizations, but may lack the specific technical skills related to implementing the NIMS requirements. The results of this study could promote positive social change in NIMS implementation by helping decision-makers to creating training opportunities related to NIMS implementation and to allocate resources more appropriately to protect people from natural and human catastrophic events.

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Bleuenstein, Christopher George. "A Case Study of Relative Satisfaction with Justice in State Courts: Perceptions of Access and Fairness Among Hispanics/Latinos and Whites". ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/829.

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Previous studies have neglected to focus on the generalized affective satisfaction (diffuse support) to state level courts among Hispanics/Latinos. A western US county was selected for this case study to test a racial and ethnic theory of procedural justice in a region with a large Hispanic/Latino population. Differential experience theory was used as a theoretical foundation and posits that people determine their level of satisfaction with the courts based on their own actual experience with the courts. The main research question was whether Hispanics/Latinos have a different level of satisfaction with their access to, and fairness in, the court when compared to Whites. Data were gathered from 1406 people exiting the courthouse for any reason in 2007 and 2008. The exit survey data were used to test a logistic regression model to empirically investigate whether race or ethnicity is a significant predictor of court user satisfaction. Level of satisfaction was operationalized by assessing responses to questions regarding the accessibility to, and perceived fairness in, the court. Although race/ethnicity proved to be significantly linked to both measures of satisfaction in 2007 these associations were no longer observed in the 2008 data. Mean satisfaction ratings affirmed the findings of other researchers in the field that Hispanics/Latinos have a high level of satisfaction with their access to, and fairness in, the court. This is important because the legitimacy of the judicial branch is dependent upon the good will of the public. This study can directly contribute to social change by informing outreach programs designed to increase voluntary participation in state and local legal systems among members of Hispanic/Latino communities, and thus help to realize more equitable justice for all citizens.

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Moore, Joseph T. "Assessing City Preparedness for a Biological Attack". ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/914.

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The lack of preparedness by local communities in the event of a biological attack is a predicament that will result in chaos and an increase in casualties. Assessing city preparedness is essential in the event of a biological attack. The potential for an enormous number of casualties is real; it is imperative, therefore, for local communities to be prepared in the event of a biological attack. This descriptive single case study investigated whether one city in the southeastern United States is prepared for a biological attack. System theory provided the theoretical framework for this research, with the unit of analysis being the local Emergency Operations Center, which is responsible for coordination, preparation, and oversight in the event of such a disaster. Data were collected from interviews, documents, public records, and participant observation. Pattern matching and comparative analysis were utilized to analyze data that was collected in this research. This examination of the preparedness of the city for a biological attack is critical because any lack of preparedness would be devastating to the community. The findings of this study revealed that the city is prepared for a biological attack and that the recommendations and best practices identified in this study such as the utilization of virtual technology during a biological attack, the ability to perform random biological exercises, investments in laboratories, bioterrorism training for citizens, and establishing global partnerships in combating bioterrorism, promote social change, and will result in saving lives in the event of a biological attack. This research contributes to social change by promoting security improvements and identifying a model of preparedness for other cities in their own preparation for a biological attack.

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Keeler, Rebecca L. "A Career of Research in Public Administration". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/652.

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Mawhinney, Hanne B. "An interpretive framework for understanding the politics of policy change". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6597.

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The research design guiding the study emphasized the development of conceptual elements of policy change, which have been identified in the current policy literature, through the examination of two substantive educational policy changes. A methodology of theoretical sampling was used to develop a conceptual framework grounded in the phenomenology of change. In the first step of the three-stage research path, a number of problematic issues and themes were identified through a review of the literature on policy change. The conceptual trends which emerge from a review of current research on policy processes, identified the core elements of the IF developed in this thesis. Together, the trends identified in the literature suggest that policy change involves a dynamic interplay of ideas, institutional structures and political processes that are embedded in an historical-political context, which emerges from the ecology of interactions within policy communities and policy networks. These elements formed the basis of study's theoretical orientation, and established the direction for the research undertaken to develop the IF. Six research questions developed from the literature provided the framework for the second stage of empirical inquiry into issues surrounding two policy changes made by the government of Ontario, directed at Franco-Ontarian educational governance and funding of Roman Catholic schools. Bill 30, passed in June, 1986, extended full funding for Roman Catholic education to the end of secondary school. Bill 109, enacted in 1988, established a French-language school board in the Ottawa-Carleton region of the province. The politics surrounding these two policy changes were investigated by conducting interviews with 70 policy actors. Documents and newspaper coverage of the policy changes were used to confirm and extend the observations of policy actors. Analysis of the documents and of the taped and transcribed interviews provided the empirical basis for the third and final stage of the study. In this final stage of the research, the conceptual issues identified in the literature were analyzed in the context of the findings of the investigation of the two policy changes. This analysis, reported in two chapters of the thesis, developed the ideas and concepts of the Interpretive Framework (IF) for understanding the politics of policy change. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Lee, Kyeong Hun. "Essays in corporate finance and public policy". Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4675.

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This thesis consists of three chapters. The first chapter is sole-authored and is titled `Cross-border mergers and acquisitions amid political uncertainty.' The second chapter is coauthored work with Professor Jon Garfinkel and Jaewoo Kim and is titled `The interactive influence of external and internal governance on risk taking and outcomes: The importance of CEO career concerns.' The third chapter is coauthored work with Professor Erik Lie and Jaewoo Kim and is titled `Dividend stickiness, debt covenants, and earnings management.' First chapter examines the effects of political uncertainty surrounding national elections on cross-border mergers and acquisitions. I find that the volume of cross-border mergers and acquisitions between two countries declines before elections in the target country. Firms in industries that are more dependent on the quality of contract enforcement, labor, and government spending are less likely to be acquired during election years. In a cross-border merger deal announced during the target country's election year, acquirers tend to offer a lower bid premium, and the likelihood of an all-cash offer is significantly lower. The acquirer captures a greater fraction of merger gains relative to the target in such a deal. Overall, my findings suggest that political uncertainty importantly affects multiple aspects of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Second chapter studies the effects of multi-layered governance on firm risk by focusing on the interaction of two types of career concerns. Two Delaware court decisions, the validation of poison pill defenses (the Unitrin decision) implemented by staggered boards (the Wallace decision), reduced takeover-related career concerns. CEO age influences the response of Delaware firms to these shocks. Older CEOs in newly insulated firms reduce risk, while their younger counterparts increase risk. Ex-post, the differential behavior among young Delaware CEOs appears to be rewarded with abnormally positive stock performance and better future career outcomes. We conclude that there is important variation in the effects of governance on firm (CEO) behavior, driven by multiple facets of career concerns. Third chapter examines dividend stickiness. Consistent with the notion that dividends are very sticky, Daniel, Denis, and Naveen (2008) report evidence that firms manage earnings upward when pre-managed earnings are expected to fall short of dividend payments. However, we find that this evidence is not robust when controlling for firms' tendency to manage earnings upward to avoid reporting earnings declines. We further report that the decision to cut dividends depends on whether reported earnings fall short of past dividends, but not on earnings management that eliminates a shortfall in pre-managed earnings relative to dividend payments. Overall, our evidence suggests that firms that face dividend constraints are more likely to cut dividends than to manage earnings to avoid dividend cuts.

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McDougall, Devin. "The role of litigation in American climate policy". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86750.

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This thesis examines the role of litigation in the climate policy process in the United States. To that end, the theoretical framework linking law and policy change developed by Gerald Rosenberg is applied to a case study of Massachusetts v. EPA, a recent Supreme Court decision affecting greenhouse gas regulations. This thesis finds that although litigation faces significant constraints in affecting executive-branch policymaking, litigation can help advance policy change through altering statutory interpretations by administrative agencies.
Cette thèse examine le rôle des contentieux dans les processus politiques sur le climat aux États-Unis. Dans ce but, le cadre théorique développé par Gerald Rosenberg, qui lie le droit et le changement de politiques, est appliqué au cas de Massachusetts contre EPA, une décision récente de la Court Suprême touchant la régulation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Cette étude conclue que, même si les litiges font face à de sérieuses contraintes en influençant l'élaboration de politiques par la branche exécutive du gouvernement, ils peuvent aider à faire avancer le changement de politiques en modifiant les interprétations réglementaires faites par les administrations gouvernementales.

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Salka, Alison Felter. "Pork, Policy, and Privilege: Presidential Lobbying for NAFTA". W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625908.

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Wechsler, Barton Jay. "Strategic management of public organizations : studies of puiblic policy making and administration in Ohio /". The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1261499865.

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