Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Pokuttia (Ukraine)"

The issue related to the study of anthroposcopic, anthropometric, dermatoglyphic parameters of the population of Ukraine to create regional gene pools remains relevant, because given the intensification of migration processes both within Ukraine and worldwide. The growing flow of global migration and assimilation creates all the conditions for the disappearance of pure ethnic groups and peoples. This work highlights the prospects for studying the ethnic and regional features of human anthroscopic parameters. The article presents the differential anthroscopic characteristics of Hutsul, Boyko, Lemko, Opollia, Pokuttia ethno-territorial groups. The goal of the work. To form anthroscopic portraits of Hutsul, Boyko, Lemko, Opollia, Pokuttia ethno-territorial groups in comparison with the control group of persons. Materials and methods. The material of the study was anthroscopic parameters of 480 males and females aged 18-59 years, belonging to the Hutsul, Boyko, Lemko, Opollia, Pokuttia and control groups, obtained by questionnaires using standardized methods proposed by Ginsburg BB (1963). The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results. Anthroposcopic portrait of the studied groups: Hutsul ethno-territorial group is characterized by dark skin tone, black straight hair, oval elongated straight face, dark brown or green-brown eyes, long narrow nose; Boyko ethno-territorial group is marked by white skin color, blond straight or wavy hair, round broad face, gray or dark brown eyes, wide straight nose; the Lemko ethno-territorial group is distinguished by white skin color, light straight or curly hair, oval elongated narrow long face, light brown and blue eyes, narrow straight nose; Opole ethno-territorial group is characterized by white skin color, light blond and dark blond wavy hair, round broad face, dark brown and light brown eyes, straight wide nose; The Pokut ethno-territorial group is distinguished by white skin, black and dark blond straight hair, an oval elongated narrow face, brown-green eyes, and a long narrow nose. Conclusion. We were able to apply the obtained results in practice, including in the set of identification features and developing an algorithm for rapid prediction of human outward signs.

The topicality of the research is determined by the detailed study of the peculiarities of the geological structure of Boryslav-Pokuttia zone of the Precarpathian deflection, in particular of local structural forms as probable traps for oil and gas, for reliable prediction of the oil and gas potential of the subsoil. Boryslav-Pokuttia zone of the Precarpathian deflection refers to one of the oldest oil and gas producing regions in Ukraine. Its hydrocarbon potential is far from being exhausted. The complex block structure of Boryslav-Pokuttia zone requires the development of specific methods for conducting oil and gas prospecting. In this regard, determining the distribution nature of the local structures and specifying the peculiarities of their morphological forms in the area under investigation are of great importance. The issue of tracing tectonic disturbances and determining their screening ability which determines the possible existence of hydrocarbon deposits remains to be an urgent matter. Solving these issues will significantly improve the geological efficiency of prospecting and exploration in the areas of Boryslav-Pokuttia zone. At the modern stage of the Earth sciences development computer processing of geological data is widely used.Therefore, along with the traditional approach to describing structures as potential traps for oil and gas, it isnecessary to analyze their quantitative (numerical) parameters. It gives a possibility to confirm the stablished regularities more reasonably. Handling large array of quantitative indicators of local structures and the dependencies established among them makes it possible to simulate the processes that formed them and to determine the regularities of their distribution. The most important scientific and practical results include: the quantitative indicators ranking of the local structures of Boryslav-Pokuttia zone (the ranking contains four groups of structures classified according to their morphological texture); the investigated conditions for the formation of morphological varieties of local structures and the character of the distribution of tectonic deformations in them. The results of geological and mathematical simulation according to a complex of quantitative indicators help to state that local structures with certain morphological features, which are revealed to various extent in their deformations, are formed by tectonic movements of different magnitude and direction and are described by the numerical parameters peculiar only to them. Investigating the distribution of tectonic stresses and deformations, which can be estimated in quantitative indicators, will contribute to a more reliable prediction of the oil and gas potential of the subsoil. In its turn, it will improve significantly the geological performance of oil and gas prospecting in the areas of BoryslavPokuttia zone of the Precarpathian deflection.

The current state of dark coniferous forests on Earth is a bio-indicator of global environmental change, in particular, the process of gradual degradation of tree species of the genera Pine, Spruce and Fir, due to the negative impact of anthropogenic activities, abiotic and biotic factors. The purpose of the study is to establish the symptoms, prevalence and harmfulness of the causative agent of ulcerative tumour-like disease on the shoots and trunks of white fir. The research was conducted on the territory of the forest fund of the Pokuttia Carpathians, in particular, within the branch Kutske forestry of the State Specialised Economic Enterprise “Forests of Ukraine” in the Kosivske forest enterprise. The study uses classical phytopathological and mycological methods, which are used to investigate the aetiology of the disease, analyse typical symptoms (starting from the early stages), and perform microscopy of the affected parts of fir. The symptoms, aetiology, and pathogenesis of white fir ulcer-like disease, which tends to spread, were investigated. A new name for the disease is substantiated, in particular, it is proposed to use the name “ulcerative tumour-like disease” of fir instead of the current name “cancer”. It is shown that a typical sign of infection is the development of tumours, which eventually transform into ulcers. It was found that the tumour-like type of lesion prevails on the undergrowth of fir, and on plants of the upper tiers – ulcerative. It is noted that a typical sign of ulcerative tumour-like disease of white fir is also the presence of pathologies such as “witches’ broom”. It is proposed to remove affected trees with typical signs of infection with ulcerative tumour-like disease to reduce the infectious background, especially during lighting and cleaning, since affected trees are not released from infection. Therefore, assessing the risk of infection of white fir trees with ulcerative tumour-like disease at the level of specific stands and ensuring an appropriate response to potential infection risks is an important part of sustainable forest management

Ethno-national identity is a complex phenomenon, rich in both its structure and content. In this form of identity, both ethnic and national factors are deeply interlinked and influence each other. Vasyl Tkachuk (1916–1944) was a little-studied Ukrainian novelist, born and raised in Pokuttia and Hutsulshtchina in the first half of the 20th century. An unruly “Hutsulyk” who knew and loved his native land from an early age, made it famous in his works, and spontaneously resisted the sudden Sovietization of Western Ukraine, which cost him his life. It is therefore possible to ascertain that, based on his literary legacy, this talented novelist can be counted among the exponents of ethnonational identity. Writing as a Hutsul about the Hutsul people, their joys, sorrows, ethnic distinctiveness, and national unity, Tkachuk automatically defended both their and his own identities. This way, he confirmed his deeply rooted sense of the “little homeland” and the Ukrainian nation. To conduct the research, the hermeneutical and biographical methods were used.

The present article focuses on creative work of Wilhelm von Habsburg (Vasyl Vyshyvanyi), who perceived Ukraine and the Ukrainian and mentality so deepty that he became a patriot of the country. Vasyl Vyshyvanyi is the author of the poem collection «Mynayut Dni...» (1921) and miniature fragmentary prose published in the magazine «Volya» (1920). The relevance of his work is outlined, as in a difficult time for Ukraine, attention should be paid to little-known figures who shaped Ukrainian history day by day and remained faithful to their cause till the end. The goal of the present work lies in elucidating the genre-thematic markers of Vasyl Vyshyvany's creative work. The article clarifies leading motives of the collection of his poems: the heroic struggle accompanied by the hope for victory, the transience of life and mourning for fallen soldiers, existencialism and the search for homeland, the beauty of Ukrainian song and the nature of Ukraine. Considering Vasyl Vyshyvany's works as representative of the creative work of Sich Riflemen writers, it is suggested to view his poems as songwriting, highlighting some types of literary-origin songs: the call song, lyrical march, elegy song, humorous song, anthem march. The main marker of Vasyl Vyshyvanyi's work is emphasized as a “tragic optimist” (D. Dontsov). This is traced both in poetry and in prose poems. Ukrainian symbols (willow, rocks, mountain song, nightingale, charms of the night), as well as toponyms (Karpathians, Tscheremosch, Chervonohor, Hutsul Region, Pokuttia) abound on the pages of his sparse but so sincere creative heritage, the main marker of which is Ukrainianness.

The study observes forms of activation of the national movement in the Sniatyn district before the dissolution of the Austria-Hungarian Empire and the beginning of the Ukrainian revolution in Western Ukraine. It describes the formation of branches of the Ukrainian authorities in the region during the November breakdown in 1918; highlights social and political processes in Sniatyn district. The author shows features of legislative procedure formation and activity of local authorities, administration, law enforcement bodies, armed forces. The authorities' steps in solving the land issue and the activity of the food administration are analyzed. The sanitary situation in the district is characterized, the causes of mass spread of infectious diseases are revealed, and the process of struggle of local authorities with epidemics is depicted. For a better understanding of this problem, the author considers it reasonable to publish the revealed and unknown documents on state running in the region. Keywords: Sniatyn district, Pokuttia, public meeting, district council, gendarmerie, armed forces, judicial system, county food board, sanitary situation, epidemic.

The article highlights the specificity of the brick as one of major types of construction material in the ХІV–ХХ c. in Western Ukraine. On the territory of the region, namely in Lviv, the brick has been used in construction since the second half of the ХІV c. when city walls and three main cathedrals were built (in particular, we mean the Roman-Catholic, the Armenian and St. George’s Cathedrals). Among the rare findings, there is a brick with a scratched motif of a Greek-type cross that was excavated by archaeologists in the center of Lviv. In the XVI–XVIII c., constructors used a widespread type of brick called “paltsivka”, the name of which originates from the method of its production, i. e., on one of the wider sides of the brick craftsmen made “gutters” with their fingers (Lviv, Zhovkva). This type of bricks was used in building fortifications, monasteries and castles. There are rare samples of bricks with imprints of a child’s or an adult’s foot or a dog’s paw (Lviv, Kopychyntsi). Bricks of the 19th century, which were produced industrially, contained embossed and engraved Cyrillic or Latin initials, sometimes surnames of enterprise owners, the year and place of production. Bricks from Ivan Levynskyi’s factory were used to build Lviv Opera and Ballet Theater, the railway station and later other buildings in the city, namely in the district of Kastelivka. At that time, brickworks functioned in Boikivshchyna, Pokuttia, Western Podillia and Volyn. Using the example of items from museums and private collections, as well as the author’s own expedition notes, the article has traced the evolution of brick shapes and the inscriptions on them.

The territory of research on landscape-geographical zoning is confined to the Precarpathians - part of the Western Ukraine, within the Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi regions (Kravchuk, 1999). It stretches a relatively narrow strip between the Dniester valley and the northeastern foothills of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Koinov, 2014). Coenopopulations of four species of the genus Polygonatum Mill (Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All., Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce., Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All., Polygonatum latifolium Desf.) were studied within the seven territorial divisions of the Precarpathian region. We studied these species at 59 research sites dedicated to 14 types of habitats (Didukh, 2011). The studied biotopes of the Precarpathian region are characterized by a number of edaphic and climatic indices. The humus content is 1.94–2.98 %, reaching the maximum values in the biotopes of the Pokutsk hills, and the minimum – in the Kalush (Limnitsko - Bolokhiv) basin. The average soil solution response rates are very acidic within the Storozhynets strand (pH (saline) – 4.33 units); strongly acidic level – within the Kalush and Stanislav basin and Pokuttia height (pH (salt) – 4.68; 4.82 and 4.76 units, respectively); slightly acidic level - within the Upper Dniester Basin and Voynylivskyi hills (pH (salt) – 5.34) and Chernivtsi hills (pH (salt) – 5.05). The moisture content, the amount of active temperatures and the level of illumination vary greatly depending on the type of biotope. The soils of wetland alder habitats are characterized by maximum moisture content (> 40%) and the minimum - the biotopes along the highways and abandoned pastures (<20 %). The sum of active temperatures at a depth of 20 cm is highest in non-forested areas with a low degree of loosening. The minimum level of illumination (in the range of 760 - 900 lux) was stated in forest biotopes, the maximum (> 2000 lux) was found in biotopes of abandoned pastures and hay meadows. Soils within the studied Precarpathian biotopes are characterized by low and medium supply of N, P and high content of K. The weighted average value of mobile phosphorus varies from 39.49 mg / kg in the biotopes of the Kalush Basin to 81.18 mg / kg in the biotopes of the Chernivtsi Upland; of hydrolyzed Nitrogen - from 68.07 in the biotopes of the Kalush Basin to 83.93 - Storozhynets Strand. The highest weighted average values of mobile potassium content were found within the Pokuttia Upland (150.70 mg/kg), the lowest – the Voynyliv Upland (84.1 mg/kg).

THE CHERNELYTSIA CASTLE IN PHOTOGRAPHS FROM THE LATE 19TH–20TH CENTURYFor a long time, it was believed that the Chernelytsia Castle in Pokuttia did not attract much attention from artists due to its relatively small size and remoteness from the main roads. This should have resulted in a small amount of illustrative material, primarily photographs, depicting the castle. However, the actual situation is different. Over the last ten years, archival and library searches conducted by a team of Polish and Ukrainian researchers have made it possible to discover, identify, date, and publish numerous photographs of the Chernelytsia Castle. The discovered photographs are stored in the National Library in Warsaw, the Archive of the Department of Polish Architecture at Warsaw University of Technology, the Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Karta Center in Warsaw, the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv, the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, the Scientific and Technical Archive of the Institute ‘Ukrzakhidproektrestavratsiya’ in Lviv, and the private collections of Oleksandr Kahlian, Levko Kvyatkovskyy, and Vitaliy Nagirnyy. All currently known photographs of the Chernelytsia Castle were taken between the 1880s to 1990s using the traditional method and classic photographic equipment. The earliest ones date back to the 1880s and were made by Kolomyian photographer Juliusz Dutkiewicz in 1880 for the Ethnographic Exhibition of Pokuttya in Kolomyia. Over the next few years, photographs of the castle by an unknown author (1884) and Albin Fridrich (between 1892 and 1904) appeared. A large number of photographs of the Chernelytsia Castle were taken in the interwar period. In 1921, 7 photographs of the castle were taken by an unknown photographer on the request of the Conservative Club in Lviv. Another 23 photographs of the fortress were taken in 1935 by Bogdan Guerquin. In addition, during this period, a number of other single photographs of the castle were taken by unidentified authors, which are currently preserved in private collections. The photographs of the Chernelytsia Castle from the second half of the 20th century by Ostap Kudybin (second half of the 1960s) and Ihor Starosolskyy (1969-1971) are of great importance. The significance of these photographs cannot be overestimated. They are a unique source that allows us not only to show the state of the castle in different periods, from the late 19th century to the late 20th century, but also to illustrate the dynamics of changes and losses of fortifications, and even to try to reconstruct the original appearance of the historical monument. Some of the photographs described in the article have been published before, while others are published for the first time.