Livros: "Plants by-Products"

1

Eithan, Galun, ed. The manufacture of medical and health products by transgenic plants. London: Imperial College Press, 2001.

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2

Liberati, Michael R. Attenuation of leachates from coal and coal combustion by-products by Maryland soils. West Chester, Pa: Environmental Resources Management, 1985.

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3

Wayne, Hamilton, e Lu W. K. 1933-, eds. Pretreatment and reclamation of dusts, sludges, and scales in steel plants. Hamilton, Ontario: McMaster University, 1993.

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4

Scott, Andree, e Cato James C, eds. Composting and using by-products from blue crab and calico scallop processing plants in Florida. [Gainesville, Fla.]: Florida Sea Grant College Program, 1992.

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5

Scott, Andree, e Cato James C, eds. Composting and using by-products from blue crab and calico scallop processing plants in Florida. [Gainesville, Fla.]: University of Florida, Florida Sea Grant College Program, 1992.

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6

Scott, Andree, e Cato James C, eds. Composting and using by-products from blue crab and calico scallop processing plants in Florida. [Gainesville, Fla.]: University of Florida, Florida Sea Grant College Program, 1992.

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7

Tennessee Valley Authority. Combustion By-product Marketing and Management Section., ed. Environmental assessment development of by-product disposal facilities: Cumberland Fossil Plant, flue gas desulfurization gypsum and fly ash. [Chattanooga, Tenn.?: Tennessee Valley Authority], Fossil Fuels Combustion By-Product Marketing and Management Section, 1992.

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8

Mróz, Jan. Recykling i utylizacja materiałów odpadowych w agregatach metalurgicznych. Częstochowa: Wydawn. Politechniki Częstochowskiej, 2006.

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9

Drinking Water Health Effects Task Force. e United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Drinking Water., eds. Health effects of drinking water treatment technologies. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers, 1989.

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10

Golomb, A. LIF waste characterization for handling/disposal 1985. [Toronto]: Ontario Hydro, Research Division, 1986.

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11

Dollhopf, D. J. Alkaline industrial by-product effects on plant growth in acidic-contaminated soil systems. Bozeman, Mont: Reclamation Research Unit, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, 2002.

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12

Bellanger, Gilbert. Corrosion induced by low-energy radionuclides: Modeling of tritium and its radiolytic and decay products formed in nuclear installations. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004.

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13

Directorate, Canada Environmental Health, ed. A one-year survey of halogenated disinfection by-products in the distribution system of treatment plants using three different disinfection processes. Ottawa: Environmental Health Directorate, Health Protection Branch, 1996.

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14

John, Philip. Biosynthesis of the major crop products: The biochemistry, cell physiology, and molecular biology involved in the synthesis by crop plants of sucrose, fructan, starch, cellulose, oil, rubber, and protein. Chichester: Wiley, 1992.

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15

S, Sajwan Kenneth, Alva Ashok K, Keefer Robert F e International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements (4th : 1997 : University of California, Berkeley), eds. Biogeochemistry of trace elements in coal and coal combustion byproducts. New York: Kuwler Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999.

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16

D, Shannon Larry, e AWWA Research Foundation, eds. Beneficial reuse of lime softening residuals for flue gas desulfurization. Denver, CO: AWWA Research Foundation, 1997.

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17

Rao, Ashok D. Sustainable energy conversion for electricity and coproducts: Principles, technologies, and equipment. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons Inc., 2015.

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18

C, Vories Kimery, e Harrington Anna, eds. Proceedings of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) By-products at Coal Mines and responses to the National Academy of Sciences final report "Managing coal combustion residues in mines": A technical interactive forum held November 14-16, 2006 University Plaza Center Columbus, Ohio. Alton, Ill: U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Surface Mining ; Carbondale, Illinois : Coal Research Center, Southern Illinois University, 2007.

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19

C, Vories Kimery, e Harrington Anna, eds. Proceedings of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) By-products at Coal Mines and responses to the National Academy of Sciences final report "Managing coal combustion residues in mines": A technical interactive forum held November 14-16, 2006 University Plaza Center Columbus, Ohio. Alton, Ill: U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Surface Mining ; Carbondale, Illinois : Coal Research Center, Southern Illinois University, 2007.

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20

Saint Patrick's College (Townsville, Qld.), ed. Nature's menu: A junior science project by indigenous students at St Patrick's College, Townsville 2003-2007. Townsville, Qld: St Patrick's College, 2008.

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21

International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group., ed. Radionuclide source terms from severe accidents to nuclear power plants with light water reactors: Report by the International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency ; Lanham, MD : UNIPUB [distributor], 1987.

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22

Siebert, Martina, Kai Jun Chen e Dorothy Ko, eds. Making the Palace Machine Work. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720359.

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Making the Palace Machine Work: Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire brings the studies of institutions, labour, and material cultures to bear on the history of science and technology by tracing the workings of the Imperial Household Department (Neiwufu) in the Qing court and empire. An enormous apparatus that employed 22,000 men and women at its heyday, the Department operated a "machine" with myriad moving parts. The first part of the book portrays the people who kept it running, from technical experts to menial servants, and scrutinises the paper trails they left behind. Part II uncovers the working principles of the machine by following the production chains of some of its most splendid products: gilded statues, jade, porcelain, and textiles. Part III examines the complex task of managing living organisms and natural environments, including lotus plants grown in imperial ponds in Beijing, fresh medicines sourced from disparate regions, and tribute elephants from Southeast Asia.

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23

Manufacture of Medical and Health Products by Transgenic Plants. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2001.

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24

Pirie, N. W. Leaf Protein: And Its By-Products in Human and Animal Nutrition. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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25

Wafa, Aboulgasim Ibrahim. The characterisation of crude oils and the analysis of by-products produced in petrochemical plants. 1996.

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26

Twardowska, Irena, Kenneth S. Sajwan, Tracy Punshon e Ashok K. Alva. Coal Combustion Byproducts and Environmental Issues. Springer London, Limited, 2006.

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27

Legendre, Laurent, e Douglas W. Darnowski. Biotechnology with carnivorous plants. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0020.

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Several carnivorous plant families have been a source of medicine for centuries in many parts of the world. Research into their active ingredients have revealed that they include naphthoquinones, flavonoids, phenolic acid derivatives, goodyerosides, iridoids, and phenylpropanoids. Many aspects of their industrial production have been optimized, including plant elicitation, plant genetic modification, and plant in vitro culture to limit the collect of wild material. The currently most active biotechnological developments are related directly to their carnivorous nature. These include the heterologous production of therapeutic polypeptides by carnivorous plant secretory glands; and the creation of bio-inspired engineered products based on the snap-buckling mechanism of trap closure of the Venus’ fly trap, the internal nano-structures of the Drosera mucilage, and the physical properties of the slippery zone of the Nepenthes pitcher with applications in the textile, automobile, aeronautics, architecture, and medical industries.

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28

Works, United States Congress Senate Committee on Environment and Public. Oversight hearing on the Tennessee Valley Authority and the recent major coal ash spill: Hearing before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, January 8, 2009. 2015.

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29

(Editor), Kenneth S. Sajwan, Ashok K. Alva (Editor) e Robert F. Keefer (Editor), eds. Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements in Coal and Coal Combustion. Springer, 2000.

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30

Keefer, Robert F., Kenneth S. Sajwan e Ashok K. Alva. Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements in Coal and Coal Combustion Byproducts. Springer London, Limited, 2011.

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31

Keefer, Robert F., Kenneth S. Sajwan e Ashok K. Alva. Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements in Coal and Coal Combustion Byproducts. Springer, 2012.

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32

Redd, James B. Quality Control Manual for Citrus Processing Plants: Flavor : General, Systems, Important Volatiles, Shelf-Life, Specialty and By-Products, Relationships-Raw ... the Processed Product, Miscellaneous conve. Agscience, 1996.

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33

Coal combustion waste storage and water quality: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, April 30, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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34

Hopwood, David A. Natural Product Biosynthesis by Microorganisms and Plants Part B. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2012.

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35

Hopwood, David A. Natural Product Biosynthesis by Microorganisms and Plants Part B. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2012.

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36

K. Gautam, Rupesh, Lokesh Deb e Kamal Dua, eds. Natural Products for the Management of Arthritic Disorders. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150507761220101.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory complication and affects approximately 1 % of the global population. It affects three times more women than men. RA is an autoimmune disorder elicited by exposure of genetic factors from the host to unknown antigens causing arthritogenic complaints. It also includes the activation of lymphocytes as well as CD4+ helper T cells along with local release of chronic inflammatory mediators and cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF α) and various cytokines like interleukins (IL) that enormously affect the joints. The available allopathic therapies for RA are not a cure for the complications, and antibody therapy and surgical procedures are expensive. However, in the present era, researchers and healthcare professionals have moved toward natural medicines obtained from plants and other natural sources. Research based on developments in phytomedicine has progressed steadily. Evidence has been collected to show the massive therapeutic potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems against many pathological complications. Researchers have focused on the therapeutic potential of natural products used for treatment and counteracting various disorders along with their complications having negligible adverse effects. Natural Products for the Management of Arthritic Disorders compiles current knowledge about the bioactive compounds and herbal formulations useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 11 chapters explain the role of natural products in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Topics have been contributed by experts in medicinal chemistry and rheumatology. The book first introduces the reader to rheumatoid arthritis before delving into conventional and alternative therapies for the disease. The editors have also included special topics such as the biomarkers for RA, cytokines and anti-inflammatory mediators, preclinical and clinical studies. The range of topics should provide a comprehensive overview of natural remedies for arthritis and the role of natural products in anti-arthritic drug development. The information will be useful for many readers including medical and pharmacology students, multidisciplinary research scholars, scientists, pharma / herbal / food industrialists, and policy makers.

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37

Rao, Ashok. Sustainable Energy Conversion for Electricity and Coproducts: Principles, Technologies, and Equipment. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.

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38

Rao, Ashok. Sustainable Energy Conversion for Electricity and Coproducts: Principles, Technologies, and Equipment. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2015.

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39

Rao, Ashok. Sustainable Energy Conversion for Electricity and Coproducts: Principles, Technologies, and Equipment. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.

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40

Taiz, Lincoln, e Lee Taiz. Plant-Female Iconography in Neolithic Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490263.003.0004.

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“Plant-Female Iconography in Neolithic Europe” covers the Neolithic transition to agriculture in the Aegean and Europe, which was accompanied by the production of a large corpus of anthropomorphic figurines, a genre dominated by images of women. Figurines with cereal grain eyes reminiscent of those at Sha’ar Hagolan, have been found in Greece, and this symbolic association between plants and women tracked the spread of agriculture into Europe. There female figurines appear bearing grain impressions, or incised with plant imagery. The dot and lozenge motif found on some figurines has been interpreted as symbolizing the planted field. Female images from the megalithic era of Malta, including engravings on the base of the monumental statue of a woman at the Tarxian temple, reveal symbols evidencing strong plant-female associations. This association shows continuity throughout the secondary products revolution and the Chalcolithic period and continues into the stratified patriarchal societies of the Bronze Age.

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41

Gökmen, M. Refik, e Graham M. Lord. Aristolochic acid nephropathy caused by ingestion of herbal medicinal products. Editado por Adrian Covic. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0089.

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Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a rapidly progressive renal disease caused by the ingestion of plant products containing aristolochic acid (AA), first described in connection with the use of Chinese herbal medicines. Although the true worldwide extent of this disease is unknown, it is likely to represent a significant cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in many parts of the world. Furthermore, recent data have also demonstrated that AA is also the primary aetiological agent in Balkan endemic nephropathy. AAN is notable in its association with urothelial malignancy, with the mechanisms of carcinogenesis now well characterized. Aside from a possible role for corticosteroid therapy in slowing disease progression in selected patients, no disease-specific treatments have yet been shown to alter the course of this nephropathy. Therefore, prevention of exposure to AA and, in affected patients, effective management of the risk of malignancy are key principles in the approach to this condition. Although preparations containing Aristolochia spp. and herbs that can be confused or substituted for Aristolochia have been banned in many countries, other herbal products containing AA have continued to be available to consumers long after these bans have been instituted, highlighting the ongoing need for awareness of this disease.

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42

Al-Achi, Antoine. An Introduction to Botanical Medicines. AGreenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400671968.

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For those who want to make educated decisions about whether, and when, to use natural products, this text explains the most current scientific evidence of the roles that plants can play in our health: how they can prevent, modify, or treat disease. Since antiquity, humans have used botanicals to treat various conditions affecting their organ systems, and this book is built around explaining which plants may be used for major ailments affecting the various systems. The increasing availability of botanicals on the market, intended to be used as dietary supplements for health, has been fueled by the public's demand for a more natural approach to healthcare. Unfortunately, much of the information fed to the public on alternatives is based on anecdotal evidence (case stories), the advice of friends, or media features that often do not stand up to standards for scientific evidence. In this book Al-Achi explains current research and science that exists - or remains lacking - for the various botanicals as healthcare products. He also details the potential misuse and the dangers of some herbal formulas. Photographs of 62 medicinal plants are included. For those who want to make educated decisions whether, and when, to use natural products, this text explains the most current scientific evidence of the roles that plants can play in our health: how they can prevent, modify, or treat disease. Since antiquity, humans have used botanicals to treat various conditions affecting their organ systems, and this book is built around explaining which plants may be used for major ailments affecting the various systems. The increasing availability of botanicals on the market, intended to be used as dietary supplements for health, has been fueled by the public's demand for a more natural approach to healthcare. Unfortunately, much of the information fed to the public on alternatives is based on anecdotal evidence (case studies), the advice of friends, or media features that often do not stand up to standards for scientific evidence. In this book, Al-Achi explains current research and science that exists - or remains lacking - for the various botanicals as healthcare products. He also details the potential misuse and the dangers of some herbal formulas. Photographs of 62 medicinal plants are included. Because of its evidentiary approach, this book may serve also as a text for introductory college courses in the field of botanical medicine, or as a supplemental general text for an alternative and complementary medicine course. The history leading to the use of botanicals in healthcare is described, as are botanicals used in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease, endocrine system disorders such as diabetes, gastrointestinal problems, men's and women's specific disorders, infections, chronic pain, psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression, and other health issues.

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43

Iversen, Leslie. History and the Plant. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846848.003.0001.

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Marijuana (cannabis) is among the most widely used of all psychoactive drugs. Despite the fact that its possession and use is illegal in many countries, cannabis is used regularly by as many as 20 million people in the United States and Europe and by millions more in other areas of the world. Thousands of patients with AIDS, multiple sclerosis, and a variety of other disabling diseases use marijuana in the firm belief that it makes their symptoms better, despite the relative paucity of medical evidence to substantiate this claim. This chapter reviews the long history of cannabis in human societies and its vilification and control in the 20th century. The plants Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica are described, as are the various cannabis products derived from the plants and the more modern forms of concentrates.

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44

Vairappan, Charles S. Ecological Chemicals as Ecosystem Function Mediaters and Potential Lead Pharmaceuticals. UMS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/ecologicalchemicalsumspress2021-978-967-2962-94-6.

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Relationship between functioning ecosystem services and human wellbeing has been established as a bridge connecting nature and society. It has also become central pillar of sustainability science and dictates the paradigms of sustainable development. But, conceptual frameworks that systematically integrates the important roles played by natural ecological chemicals by establishing empirical links between the nature and ecology not only varies, but lacks clear support. The value of ecological chemicals as ecosystem derived natural products warrants explicit acknowledgement, only then trade-offs between services and prioritization of policy can be realised. In the last 20 years, important roles played by the ecological chemicals in Bornean terrestrial and marine ecosystems were investigated and reported. Terrestrial plants produce Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs) and structurally interesting secondary metabolites that facilitate their ecological processes that are aimed to establish communication such as defence, attraction, deterrent and territorial marking. Some of the most commonly utilized herbs and plants of traditional medicine importance showed very interesting chemical constituents, that justify their traditional utilization for human wellbeing. The role of VOCs that originated from animal diet and emitted through decomposition of faeces, was traced back to their important role as attractants of insects, particularly dung beetles that facilitates the remineralization of faeces and returns C and N to soil as to replenish global C and N-sink. Marine flora and fauna are perhaps the most vivid producers of structurally interesting secondary metabolites with more than one ecological functions. Halogenated secondary metabolites produced by red algae Laurencia are unique in their structural design and exhibited multiple biological potentials. Similarly, soft corals in the Sulu-Sulawesi Coral Triangle produced a huge diversity of terpenoids and functions as feeding deterrents of these soft bodied invertebrates. Ecological chemicals obtained from the Bornean biodiversity also exhibited a wide array of medically important biological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammation, anti-anticancer and serves an important array of lead pharmaceuticals. Some of these compounds are very potent and have been patented as lead-pharmaceutical candidates from Bornean natural products. Hence, ecological chemicals are important natural products that regulate ecological processes that ensures ecological balance in tropical ecosystems. Humans who are the custodians of natural ecosystem, stand to benefit directly and indirectly when we practice sustainable utilization and regulation of our natural resources.

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45

O’Donoghue, John L. Neurologic Manifestations of Organic Chemicals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0176.

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Organic chemicals can produce many different effects on the nervous system. The nervous system functions are affected by a variety of different organic chemicals. Organic chemicals that induce neurotoxicity may be naturally occurring or synthetic. Those that are naturally occurring products of plants or animals are referred to as “toxins,” whereas those that are synthetic are referred to as “toxicants”; however, publications and regulations sometimes use these terms interchangeably. Underlying these functional changes are cellular and subcellular changes that mediate the clinical and pathological appearance of the neurotoxicity. The ability to make a diagnosis of organic-chemical-induced neurotoxicity is dependent on being able to link a clinical situation with an exposure in a dose-related manner. Treatment and management of organic-chemical-induced neurotoxicity in affected individuals is dependent upon the specific chemical involved and the underlying mechanism by which toxicity occurs.

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46

Hadidi, Ahmed, Ricardo Flores, John Randles e Joseph Semancik. Viroids. CSIRO Publishing, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643069855.

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This comprehensive volume presents indispensable and up-to-date information on viroids and viroid diseases. It provides a single source of information on the properties of viroids, the economic impact of viroid diseases, and methods for their detection and control. It examines the diseases associated with different plant species, the geographic distribution and epidemiology of viroids, diseases of possible viroid etiology, and the future applications of viroids. Viroids examines the biology of viroids, molecular characteristics, localization and movement, replication, pathogenesis, viroids and gene silencing, classification, viroid-like satellite RNAs, detection of viroids using bioamplification hosts, biological indexing, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, molecular hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction. The book looks at the geographical distribution and epidemiology of viroids in North America, Australasia, China, Japan, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, South America, and at the global level. It covers the control of viroids including quarantine of imported germplasm, availability of viroid-tested propagation materials, thermotherapy, tissue culture, and other conventional strategies as well as biotechnological control approaches. Special topics such as ribozyme reaction of viroids and economic advantages of viroid infection are also included. Other chapters summarise the current state of knowledge concerning viroid diseases of the crop in question and aspects of the natural history of viroids in horticulture. Among the crops covered are potato, tomato, tobacco, cucumber, pome fruits, stone fruits, avocado, citrus, grapevines, hop, chrysanthemum, coleus, columnea, and coconut palm. The four eminent editors of this watershed volume have assembled an international group of more than 70 scientists who have substantial experience with viroids and viroid diseases. They have produced a cohesive and comprehensive work that can be used by students, researchers, extension agents, and regulators. It may also be of a great value to science managers, policy makers, and industries in formulating policies and products to obtain viroid-free plants and control viroid diseases. The information on plant quarantine and certification programs will help anyone concerned with the safe movement of plant material across international boundaries or within a single country.

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47

Schrijver, Karel. Lone Rovers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799894.003.0007.

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How do stars and planets break the bonds of gravity, and how do we know they do? Most stars form with hundreds, if not thousands, of nearby neighbors, and yet the Sun is all alone; we learn about its crowded birthplace from decayed radioactive products and by the examples of stellar clusters all around in which supernova explosions can either trigger starbirth or terminate the growth of planetary systems. Planets form as the entourage of stars, and yet many have been found floating freely in interstellar space; such dark bodies, thrown free from their original planetary systems by migrating sibling planets and now drifting far from stars, are found by their bending of starlight, working as gravitational lenses—as predicted by Albert Einstein—when they pass in front of distant stars.

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48

Kirchman, David L. Degradation of organic matter. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0007.

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The aerobic oxidation of organic material by microbes is the focus of this chapter. Microbes account for about 50% of primary production in the biosphere, but they probably account for more than 50% of organic material oxidization and respiration (oxygen use). The traditional role of microbes is to degrade organic material and to release plant nutrients such as phosphate and ammonium as well as carbon dioxide. Microbes are responsible for more than half of soil respiration, while size fractionation experiments show that bacteria are also responsible for about half of respiration in aquatic habitats. In soils, both fungi and bacteria are important, with relative abundances and activity varying with soil type. In contrast, fungi are not common in the oceans and lakes, where they are out-competed by bacteria with their small cell size. Dead organic material, detritus, used by microbes, comes from dead plants and waste products from herbivores. It and associated microbes can be eaten by many eukaryotic organisms, forming a detritus food web. These large organisms also break up detritus into small pieces, creating more surface area on which microbes can act. Microbes in turn need to use extracellular enzymes to hydrolyze large molecular weight compounds, which releases small compounds that can be transported into cells. Fungi and bacteria use a different mechanism, “oxidative decomposition,” to degrade lignin. Organic compounds that are otherwise easily degraded (“labile”) may resist decomposition if absorbed to surfaces or surrounded by refractory organic material. Addition of labile compounds can stimulate or “prime” the degradation of other organic material. Microbes also produce organic compounds, some eventually resisting degradation for thousands of years, and contributing substantially to soil organic material in terrestrial environments and dissolved organic material in aquatic ones. The relationship between community diversity and a biochemical process depends on the metabolic redundancy among members of the microbial community. This redundancy may provide “ecological insurance” and ensure the continuation of key biogeochemical processes when environmental conditions change.

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49

Canny, Nicholas, e Philip Morgan. Introduction. Editado por Nicholas Canny e Philip Morgan. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199210879.013.0001.

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Beginning in the fifteenth century, people, plants, pathogens, products, and cultural practices — just to mention some key agents — began to move regularly back and forth across the Atlantic Ocean. As the connections and exchanges deepened and intensified, much was transformed. New peoples, economies, societies, polities, and cultures arose, particularly in the lands and islands touched by that ocean, while others were destroyed. This book describes, explains, and, occasionally, challenges conventional wisdom concerning these path-breaking developments from the late fifteenth to the early nineteenth century. It looks at European conquests of Native American populations (in North and South America), how some Native Americans contributed to the Atlantic trading world that flourished from the later seventeenth century onwards, the slave trade and importation of slaves from Africa, human settlement in America, and the re-segmentation of the Atlantic world of the eighteenth century into multiple polities.

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50

Robins, Jonathan E. Oil Palm. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469662893.001.0001.

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Oil palms are ubiquitous-grown in nearly every tropical country, they supply the world with more edible fat than any other plant and play a role in scores of packaged products, from lipstick and soap to margarine and cookies. And as Jonathan E. Robins shows, sweeping social transformations carried the plant around the planet. First brought to the global stage in the holds of slave ships, palm oil became a quintessential commodity in the Industrial Revolution. Imperialists hungry for cheap fat subjugated Africa’s oil palm landscapes and the people who worked them. In the twentieth century, the World Bank promulgated oil palm agriculture as a panacea to rural development in Southeast Asia and across the tropics. As plantation companies tore into rainforests, evicting farmers in the name of progress, the oil palm continued its rise to dominance, sparking new controversies over trade, land and labor rights, human health, and the environment. By telling the story of the oil palm across multiple centuries and continents, Robins demonstrates how the fruits of an African palm tree became a key commodity in the story of global capitalism, beginning in the eras of slavery and imperialism, persisting through decolonization, and stretching to the present day.

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