Teses / dissertações: "Plantar pressure"

1

Phethean, Jill. "Plantar pressure distribution in 4 to 7 year olds". Thesis, University of Salford, 2009. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26861/.

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Introduction This study focuses on the plantar pressure distribution patterns in children aged 4 to 7 years of age for the purposes of a better understanding of any age-related changes and from that a better understanding of age-related changes in foot function and structure. Method Ninety-eight children who achieved the correct age-related height, weight and locomotion skills; were born within a normal gestational period and had no gait abnormalities underwent plantar pressure analysis. Peak plantar pressure and plantar pressure time integral data were obtained from the: calcaneus, medial and lateral midfoot, each of the five metatarsal heads and hallux. Both longitudinal and crosssectional data were collected at 4, 5, 6 and 7 years of age. The data subsets were analysed to determine if there were any age-related changes. Results Prior plantar pressure data analysis found no significant difference between the left and right feet (p>0.05), no significant difference between males and females (p>0.05) and some evidence of a weak, positive correlation between plantar pressure data and body weight (r<0.5). There was no systematic change across the longitudinal and crosssectional plantar pressure data for the 4, 5 and 6 years olds. There were significant differences in the plantar pressure data between 4 and 7 years of age (p<0.05). Conclusion The two year interval between 4 and 6 years of age is too short a time period to observe systematic change in plantar pressures. Annual age increments are not a key marker for changes in plantar pressure between these ages. Changes between 4 and 7 years of age suggest that this window of time may be large enough to observe differences in plantar pressure. Xlll

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2

Hughes, Rowland. "A laser plantar pressure sensor for the diabetic foot". Thesis, University of South Wales, 2000. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-laser-plantar-pressure-sensor-for-the-diabetic-foot(521b1dfa-d201-4356-b1d9-74d314b1c360).html.

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This thesis is concerned with the design and building of a foot pressure system capable of measuring the pressure distribution underneath the diabetic foot. The system is developed to have a higher resolution and be more cost-effective than existing commercial systems. The biomechanics of the foot and ankle is explained in detail, providing an explanation for the relationship between high pressures and ulcerations. Various techniques of measuring foot pressure are reviewed, providing a thorough understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. The system developed uses the technique of interferometry, which is discussed in detail, explaining why the Fizeau Interferometer technique was chosen over other interferometer techniques. A number of materials were tested as to their suitability to be used as the pressure plate in the system i.e. compression/force relationship. From the results 'Perspex' was found to be the most suitable material. Two fringe-processing software packages were tested i.e. Fringe Processor 2 and Fringe Pattern Analysis (FRAN), with Fringe Processor 2 being chosen for this research. A graphical user interface for image display was created in order to display and analyse the various pressure images. Three prototypes were implemented. The first used a variation on the Fizeau interferometer, the second used a variation on the Twyman Green interferometer, whilst the third improved on the use of the variation of the Fizeau interferometer. By analysing the advantages and disadvantages of each prototype, the 3 rd prototype was chosen as the most suitable for achieving the aims and objectives of this research. This prototype was subjected to various tests i.e. resolution, measurable area, repeatability, calibration, short term reliability and sensitivity to heat. Various normal and pathological foot measurements were taken and analysed, and the effectiveness of the image display graphical user interface tested. The main contribution of this thesis is the use of interferometry to measure pressure. This in turn provides a foot pressure system, which has extremely high resolution and accuracy. The simple nature of the new pressure system also means that the entire system is very cost effective.

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Ejimadu, Geraldine. "The effect of the shoe sole on Plantar Pressure distribution". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278745.

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Patients affected by Diabetes Mellitus have reduced tactile sensitivity and atrophy of the small muscles in the foot, resulting in high-pressure points that may remain unnoticed. The increased pressure can cause micro-trauma leading to wounds. Because of the Diabetes Mellitus, DFUs do not heal easily. Up to 25% of them will develop diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), and 25% of DFUs that do not heal ultimately result in amputation. This Master Thesis will describe and gather results of a newly acquired large international collaborative EU project (EIT Health 2020-2022) between three universities and three companies across Europe. This collaborative group will be the first to tackle the Diabetic Foot Ulcers problem preventatively with an innovative shoe concept, with seven different apex settings, which can be easily modified to avoid ulcerations in different areas of the foot. As an initial pilot, this master thesis project focuses on the analysis of the plantar pressure distribution by using the innovative shoes DR Comfort based on the adjustable rocker profiles, used as a prototype for the prevention of the Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) formation in patients affected by Diabetes. This project captures the motion data of healthy people with different shoe soles while walking at different levels of speed and assess the values of the peak plantar pressure, with the use of the Pedar-X, a measuring system device for the in-shoe plantar pressure. The evaluation of the adjustable rocker profiles is made through the calculation and analysis of the significant differences and p-values in peak plantar pressure, as well as the analysis of the Mean Plantar Pressure (MMP). The results of this study show a reduction (although not pronounced) of the areas that are more affected by DFU. This study cannot be generalized to diabetic patients since ethical approval has not yet been received.
Patienter med DM har minskad taktil känslighet och atrofi i de små musklerna i foten, vilket resulterar i högatryckpunkter som kan för bli obemärkta. Det ökade trycket kan orsaka mikrotrauma som leder till sår. På grund av Diabetes Mellitus, läker inte DFU lätt. Upp till 25% av dem kommer att utveckla diabetiska fotsår (DFU), och 25% av DFU: er som inte läker leder slutligen till amputation. Detta examensarbete kommer att beskriva och samla resultat från ett nyförvärvat stort internationellt EU-projekt (EIT Health 2020-2022) mellan tre universitet och tre företag i hela Europa. Denna samarbetsgrupp kommer att vara den första att förebygga problemet med diabetiska fotsår med ett innovativt skokoncept diabetiska fotsår med ett innovativt skokoncept. De kommer utföras med sju olika inställningar som lätt kan modifieras för att undvika sår på olika områden i foten. Som en första pilot fokuserar detta examensarbete på analys av plantartryckfördelning genom att använda de innovativa DR Comfort-skorna baserade på de justerbara ”rocker”-profilerna, som används som en prototyp för att förebygga bildningen av Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) hos patienter som drabbats av Diabetes. Den här avhandlingen fångar rörelsen hos friska personer med olika skosulor medan de går i olika hastighet och analyserar värdena för det maximala plantartrycket med användning av pedar-x. Pedar-x är en mätanordning för plantorns tryck i skon. Utvärderingen av de justerbara ”rocker”-profilerna gjordes genom beräkning och analys av de signifikanta skillnaderna i top plantartrycket samt analysen av plantartryckets maximala medelvärde (MMP). Resultaten av denna studie visar en minskning (även om den inte betydlig) av de områden som mest drabbats av DFU. Denna studie kan inte generaliseras till diabetespatienter eftersom etiskt godkännande ännu saknas.

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4

Figueiredo, Alexandre. "Relação entre a morfologia do arco plantar longitudinal medial e a pressão plantar em indivíduos saudáveis". Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8792.

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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Fisioterapia
Objetivo: Comparar a pressão plantar e a velocidade do deslocamento do centro de pressão (CdP) entre pés normais, cavos e planos em indivíduos adultos saudáveis. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo observacional, com 26 indivíduos saudáveis, classificados com pés normais (n=22), pés cavos (n=6) e pés planos (n=24) baseado no Foot Posture Index – 6. Os indivíduos caminharam normalmente ao longo de um espaço de 10 metros, enquanto usavam um sistema de análise de pressão plantar F-scan (Tekscan). Utilizaram-se 5 áreas que incluíram o retropé, médiopé, antepé, dedos e pé total. A pressão plantar máxima (PPmáx) e o integral pressão-tempo (IPT) e o centro de pressão (CdP) foram calculados para cada área. Resultados: não foram encontradas alterações significativas (p> 0,05) entre as variáveis PPmáx e o IPT com o arco plantar, no entanto foram encontradas alterações significativas para a velocidade do CdP com o arco plantar (p <0,05). Conclusão: este estudo confirma que o arco plantar longitudinal medial influencia algumas variáveis de pressão plantar, nomeadamente a velocidade do CdP.
Objective: To compare plantar pressure and the velocity of center of pressure (COP) displacement between normal, cavus and planus foot in healthy adult subjects. Methods: An observational study was performed with 26 healthy individuals classified as normal feet (n = 22), cavus feet (n = 6) and planus feet (n = 24) based in the Foot Posture Index - 6. Individuals walked normally over a 10 meters span, while using an F- scan (Tekscan) plantar pressure analysis system. Five areas were used that included the hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot, toes and total foot. The peak pressure (PP), integral pressure-time (PTI), center of pressure (COP) were calculated for each area. Results: no significant changes (p> 0.05) were found between the variables peak pressure (PP), total pressure-time integral (PTI) with the plantar arch, but significant changes were found for the velocity of center of pressure (COP) with the plantar arch (p <0.05). Conclusion: this study confirms that the medial longitudinal plantar arch influences some plantar pressure variables, namely the velocity of COP.
N/A

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5

Kramer, Mark. "Plantar pressure and impulse profiles of students from a South African university". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010606.

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Most activities of daily living and numerous modes of physical activity incorporate some form of ambulation, of which the foot and ankle constitute the first link in the kinetic chain. A change in foot or ankle structure may therefore have subsequent effects on the superincumbent joints of the human body such as the knee, hip and lower back. Plantar pressure and impulse measurements can therefore provide greater insight into the mechanics of the foot under load-bearing conditions with regards to the areas and regions of the foot that exhibit the largest pressure values and impulse figures. Hence, it is of importance to establish normative data so as to obtain a frame of reference to identify those individuals that fall outside these norms and may exhibit a larger probability of injury. Aim and Objectives: The primary aim was to identify and compare the plantar pressure distribution patterns and impulse values of students of a South African university of different gender and race groups. To realise this aim two specific objectives were set. The first was to determine whether height, weight, body mass index (BMI), gender, race, and the level of physical activity were related to the pressure and impulse values obtained, and the second was to generate reference tables from the normative data gathered. Method: The RS Footscan system was used to measure the pressure and impulse values of the foot. The characteristics that were analysed were height, weight, body mass index and the level of physical activity of the participant and their respective association with plantar pressure and impulse values obtained. This information was then used to establish normative data. A quasi-experimental study design utilising convenience sampling was implemented as the intention was to investigate as single instance in as natural a manner as possible. Convenience sampling was used with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 180 participants were utilised in this study and were subdivided as follows: Gender: Males (n = 90); Females (n = 90); Race: African black (n = 60); white (n = 60) and coloured (n = 60). Each race group therefore comprised of 30 males and 30 females respectively. The anthropometric profile of participants was as follows: Age (S.D.) = 22.21 (S.D. ± 2.93) years; Height (S.D.) = 169.69 (S.D. ± 8.91) cm; Weight (S.D.) = 66.97 (S.D. ± 12.01) kg; BMI (S.D.) = 23.16 (S.D. ± 3.15) kg/m2. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire prior to testing that would identify all exclusion criteria consisting of: the presence of foot pain or deformity, acute lower extremity trauma, lower extremity surgery, exhibited problems of performance including eye, ear or cognitive impairment, diabetes mellitus or other neurological neuropathy, or the use of walking aids. Anthropometric measurements were then taken for those participants that qualified for the study. Participants were required to perform approximately five warm-up trials to familiarise themselves with the testing equipment before testing commenced. A total of ten successful trails were subsequently recorded for each participant, with three footprints being recorded per trial on the pressure platform, thereby comprising 30 footprints (15 left foot and 15 right foot) per participant that were analysed regarding pressure and impulse values. The two-step gait initiation protocol was implemented which was proven to be a valid and reliable means of assessing gait. Participants were instructed to walk at a comfortable walking speed between 1.19 – 1.60 m/s to ensure conformity between all participants as between-trial gait velocities were proven to be significantly variable. The foot was subdivided into ten anatomical areas focusing on the great toe, lesser toes, metatarsal 1, metatarsal 2, metatarsal 3, metatarsal 4, metatarsal 5, midfoot, medial heel and lateral heel. These ten areas were then grouped into one of three regions, namely the forefoot region (great toe, lesser toes, and all five metatarsal head areas), midfoot region (midfoot area), and rearfoot/heel region (medial and lateral heel areas). Once all relevant data was gathered, corrected and analysed it was used to establish normative data tables pertaining to the various gender and race groups. Results: Of the ten individual pressure and impulse areas, the second and third metatarsal heads demonstrated the highest mean peak pressure and impulse values. Once grouped into one of the three regions, the heel region was ascribed with the largest impulse and pressure values. It was established that statistically and practically significant racial pressure differences were apparent in the left and right forefoot and midfoot regions, with black and coloured individuals yielding the highest values, whereas white participants yielded the lowest. The same was true with regards to impulse figures in that both statistical and practical significant levels were established in the forefoot and midfoot regions. Black and coloured participants exhibited larger impulse values than the white participants. The level of physical activity was found to be associated with both pressure and impulse values over the various regions of the foot. Black individuals that were largely inactive as well as moderately active coloured participants yielded the highest pressure and impulse values, which were found to be statistically and practically significant over the forefoot regions. Conversely, white participants of all physical activity levels as well as coloured participants of both low and high physical activity levels exhibited the lowest pressure values over the forefoot region, which were also found to be statistically and practically significant. The anthropometric variables of height, weight and BMI were found to relate statistically to pressure and impulse values under the various regions of the foot, but none were found to be of any practical significance (r < .30). Conclusion: It was clearly established that both gender and race specific differences existed regarding plantar pressure and impulse values of the normal foot. Plantar pressure and impulse values were also associated with the level of physical activity of the individual, thereby indicating that the level of physical activity could be a contributing factor to altered pressure and impulse values. Anthropometric variables such as height, weight and BMI could not solely account for the variances observed in pressure and impulse. Further research is required to determine whether pressure or impulse values above or below those obtained predispose an individual to injury and to contrast between various activity or sporting codes and the effect of these on plantar pressure and impulse figures. Finally, from the collected data one was able to establish reference tables for the specific gender and race groups for both plantar pressure and impulse values. This enables one to classify individuals based on the pressure and impulse values generated.

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Henderson, Adrienne Dora. "Gait Alterations and Plantar Pressure in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Preliminary Study". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6984.

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Background: Despite a lack of consensus on its utility, clinicians have traditionally relied on plantar pressure (PP) to predict ulcer risk and prescribe interventions in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Joint kinematics and kinetics have the potential to contribute to DPN assessment and treatment, however previous studies have not accounted for walking speed nor integrated a full-body analysis with a detailed foot model. Purpose: To assess PP and gait alterations in DPN by controlling walking speed and incorporating a multisegment foot model into a full-body gait analysis. We hypothesize that hip and ankle kinetics will be altered consistent with distal muscle weakness. Methods: Ten subjects with DPN (height: 178.79 ± 8.55 cm, weight: 108.78 ± 16.67 kg, age: 61.5 ± 13.53 years), and 10 healthy matched controls (height: 180 ± 6.37 cm, weight: 92.87 ± 14.5 kg, age: 59.4 ± 7.5 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Fifty-six reflective markers were attached to each subject according to a full-body model, including a multisegment foot. Subjects walked at a controlled speed (1 m/s) while plantar pressure, kinematic and kinetic data were collected. Functional data analysis was used to compare kinematic and kinetic data between groups, while independent t-tests and a Benjamini-Hochburg procedure was used to compare plantar pressure and joint work metrics. Results: Individuals with DPN presented with a delayed transition from hip extension to hip flexion moment and a decrease in peak hip flexion moment. There were no major changes found at the knee. There was an increase in peak dorsiflexion angle and delayed power generation in both the ankle and midtarsal joints. DPN subjects also showed a decreased midtarsal positive work. The only significant PP metric found was a decrease in peak PP under the lateral toes. Conclusion: Findings demonstrated that individuals with DPN use a hip compensation mechanism to overcome distal muscle weakness. Ankle and midfoot alterations are consistent with muscle weakness, requiring proximal compensations. Joint mechanics were more informative than PP measurements and may provide additional insight into DPN assessment and treatment.

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Bryant, Alan R. "Plantar pressure distribution before and after hallux valgus and hallux limitus surgery". Thesis, Curtin University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/715.

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Hallux valgus and hallux limitus are two common foot pathologies that may require surgical intervention. While the modified Austin bunionectomy and the Youngswick osteotomy/cheilectomy respectively, are often used to correct these conditions, insufficient research has been published regarding the effects of these procedures on plantar pressure distribution of the foot. This thesis involves a series of six studies investigating topics relating to radiographic measurements and plantar pressure distribution over a two-year period, in normal feet and in hallux valgus and hallux limitus feet before and after corrective surgery.A review of the literature is presented relating to the development of plantar pressure measurement technology, the aetiology and surgical management of hallux valgus and hallux limitus, the reliability of the EMED system used in the studies, and the related clinical uses of plantar pressure measurement.An initial study was designed to investigate the reliability measurements using a simplified two-step method of data collection as compared to the traditional mid-gait technique of ten normal asymptomatic subjects. Intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated and compared for the pressure variables of contact area, contact time, maximum force and peak pressure of ten regions of the foot.A study to determine normal reference range values for the EMED-SF system was then conducted using thirty healthy subjects and the two-step method of data collection. Descriptive statistical reporting of peak pressure, mean pressure and pressure-time- integrals were presented for ten regions of the foot.Three related studies on radiographic and plantar pressure measurement differences, and their relationships were made using thirty normal, hallux valgus and hallux limitus feet. Various angular and linear radiographic measurements were tested for intra-rater reliability of measurement and pressure variables of peak pressure, mean pressure and pressure-time-integral of 10 regions of the foot were recorded and one way analysis of variance employed to assess any significant differences.Finally, two independent two-year prospective studies were designed to investigate the effects of the modified Austin bunionectomy for hallux valgus and the Youngswick osteotomy/cheilectomy for hallux limitus on plantar pressure distribution of the forefoot. In addition, fundamental radiographic measurement changes of the forefoot of hallux valgus subjects and range of motion changes of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of hallux limitus subjects were conducted. Thirty-six healthy volunteers acted as control subjects, 31 subjects (44 feet) with hallux valgus and 17 subjects (23 feet) with hallux limitus were included in the study. Using an EMED-SF system, plantar pressure variables of peak pressure, pressure-time-integral, contact time, maximum force and force-time-integral were recorded at six regions of the forefoot, pre-operation and repeated at three, six, 12, 18 and 24-months post-operation for surgical subjects. Control subjects were tested at zero and 24-months. Descriptive statistics, multivariate and univariate analysis of variance with contrasts, t-tests of significance and correlations between certain measurement parameters were used in the analysis of the results.The findings of these studies suggest that the two-step method of data collection of plantar pressure measurements is more reliable that the traditional mid-gait technique for most pressure variables. Consequently, the two-step method was employed as the preferred method of data collection in this series of studies.With respect to radiographic differences between normal, hallux valgus and hallux limitus, it appears that hallux valgus feet have significant increases in metatarsus primus varus and first metatarsal protrusion distance, while hallux limitus feet have increased hallux abductus interphalangeal angles. Comparison of pressure variables between each group demonstrate hallux valgus feet have a medial localisation of peak pressure beneath the first, second and third metatarsal heads, suggesting that hyperpronation of the foot is associated with the development of hallux valgus. Hallux limitus feet on the other hand, show increased pressure beneath the hallux, third and fourth metatarsals and lesser toes, indicating a more lateral locus of pressure loading, suggestive -of the foot functioning in a more supinated position. No significant relationship was found between any radiographic parameter and pressure variable tested in either group of subjects.Plantar pressure measurement changes show the greatest variation during the initial three to six months following surgical treatment of hallux valgus and hallux limitus. The Youngswick osteotomy/cheilectomy for the treatment of hallux limitus produces near-normal range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Pressures of the first metatarsal head remain relatively constant over the period of measurement, while a significant reduction of the hallux and lateral metatarsals were noted, related to increased dorsiflexion of the hallux. Pressures of the second metatarsal head remained significantly above pre-operation levels. The modified Austin bunionectomy for the treatment of hallux valgus produced 24-month radiographic changes consistent with accepted values. Pressure variables of the hallux reduced to normal values, with the first metatarsal head demonstrating an initial significant decrease and subsequent increase by twelve months post-operation to remain with the second metatarsal head at relatively similar values to pre-operation measurements.The research demonstrates the two-step method of data collection is a viable means of obtaining reliable plantar pressure measurement data in the clinical situation. The investigations into radiographic and plantar pressure distribution indicate that structural radiographic and functional differences exist between normal, hallux valgus and hallux limitus feet. However, no relationship could be found between any of the radiographic parameters and pressure variables tested.The modified Austin bunionectomy for hallux valgus significantly reduced fundamental radiographic measurements to accepted post-operative values, while the Youngswick procedure for hallux limitus significantly increased the amount of post-operative dorsiflexion of the hallux to normal values. The research demonstrates that immediate and longer-term functional changes to the forefoot occur following the surgical treatment of hallux valgus and hallux limitus, however plantar pressure measurements do not return to normal values. No correlation was found between plantar pressure measurements and post- operative radiographic measurements in the hallux valgus group. However, the increased amount of dorsiflexion of the hallux post-operatively in the hallux limitus group was correlated with reduced lateral loading of the forefoot. Post-operation changes of plantar pressure distribution indicate that the rehabilitative period required to achieve stable foot function is between twelve to eighteen months. Furthermore, plantar pressure measurement technology offers the clinician a useful tool to monitor foot function prior to and following therapeutic intervention.

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8

Bryant, Alan R. "Plantar pressure distribution before and after hallux valgus and hallux limitus surgery". Curtin University of Technology, School of Physiotherapy, 2001. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12661.

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Hallux valgus and hallux limitus are two common foot pathologies that may require surgical intervention. While the modified Austin bunionectomy and the Youngswick osteotomy/cheilectomy respectively, are often used to correct these conditions, insufficient research has been published regarding the effects of these procedures on plantar pressure distribution of the foot. This thesis involves a series of six studies investigating topics relating to radiographic measurements and plantar pressure distribution over a two-year period, in normal feet and in hallux valgus and hallux limitus feet before and after corrective surgery.A review of the literature is presented relating to the development of plantar pressure measurement technology, the aetiology and surgical management of hallux valgus and hallux limitus, the reliability of the EMED system used in the studies, and the related clinical uses of plantar pressure measurement.An initial study was designed to investigate the reliability measurements using a simplified two-step method of data collection as compared to the traditional mid-gait technique of ten normal asymptomatic subjects. Intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated and compared for the pressure variables of contact area, contact time, maximum force and peak pressure of ten regions of the foot.A study to determine normal reference range values for the EMED-SF system was then conducted using thirty healthy subjects and the two-step method of data collection. Descriptive statistical reporting of peak pressure, mean pressure and pressure-time- integrals were presented for ten regions of the foot.Three related studies on radiographic and plantar pressure measurement differences, and their relationships were made using thirty normal, hallux valgus and hallux limitus feet. Various angular and linear radiographic measurements were tested for intra-rater ++
reliability of measurement and pressure variables of peak pressure, mean pressure and pressure-time-integral of 10 regions of the foot were recorded and one way analysis of variance employed to assess any significant differences.Finally, two independent two-year prospective studies were designed to investigate the effects of the modified Austin bunionectomy for hallux valgus and the Youngswick osteotomy/cheilectomy for hallux limitus on plantar pressure distribution of the forefoot. In addition, fundamental radiographic measurement changes of the forefoot of hallux valgus subjects and range of motion changes of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of hallux limitus subjects were conducted. Thirty-six healthy volunteers acted as control subjects, 31 subjects (44 feet) with hallux valgus and 17 subjects (23 feet) with hallux limitus were included in the study. Using an EMED-SF system, plantar pressure variables of peak pressure, pressure-time-integral, contact time, maximum force and force-time-integral were recorded at six regions of the forefoot, pre-operation and repeated at three, six, 12, 18 and 24-months post-operation for surgical subjects. Control subjects were tested at zero and 24-months. Descriptive statistics, multivariate and univariate analysis of variance with contrasts, t-tests of significance and correlations between certain measurement parameters were used in the analysis of the results.The findings of these studies suggest that the two-step method of data collection of plantar pressure measurements is more reliable that the traditional mid-gait technique for most pressure variables. Consequently, the two-step method was employed as the preferred method of data collection in this series of studies.With respect to radiographic differences between normal, hallux valgus and hallux limitus, it appears that hallux valgus feet have significant increases in ++
metatarsus primus varus and first metatarsal protrusion distance, while hallux limitus feet have increased hallux abductus interphalangeal angles. Comparison of pressure variables between each group demonstrate hallux valgus feet have a medial localisation of peak pressure beneath the first, second and third metatarsal heads, suggesting that hyperpronation of the foot is associated with the development of hallux valgus. Hallux limitus feet on the other hand, show increased pressure beneath the hallux, third and fourth metatarsals and lesser toes, indicating a more lateral locus of pressure loading, suggestive -of the foot functioning in a more supinated position. No significant relationship was found between any radiographic parameter and pressure variable tested in either group of subjects.Plantar pressure measurement changes show the greatest variation during the initial three to six months following surgical treatment of hallux valgus and hallux limitus. The Youngswick osteotomy/cheilectomy for the treatment of hallux limitus produces near-normal range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Pressures of the first metatarsal head remain relatively constant over the period of measurement, while a significant reduction of the hallux and lateral metatarsals were noted, related to increased dorsiflexion of the hallux. Pressures of the second metatarsal head remained significantly above pre-operation levels. The modified Austin bunionectomy for the treatment of hallux valgus produced 24-month radiographic changes consistent with accepted values. Pressure variables of the hallux reduced to normal values, with the first metatarsal head demonstrating an initial significant decrease and subsequent increase by twelve months post-operation to remain with the second metatarsal head at relatively similar values to pre-operation measurements.The research demonstrates ++
the two-step method of data collection is a viable means of obtaining reliable plantar pressure measurement data in the clinical situation. The investigations into radiographic and plantar pressure distribution indicate that structural radiographic and functional differences exist between normal, hallux valgus and hallux limitus feet. However, no relationship could be found between any of the radiographic parameters and pressure variables tested.The modified Austin bunionectomy for hallux valgus significantly reduced fundamental radiographic measurements to accepted post-operative values, while the Youngswick procedure for hallux limitus significantly increased the amount of post-operative dorsiflexion of the hallux to normal values. The research demonstrates that immediate and longer-term functional changes to the forefoot occur following the surgical treatment of hallux valgus and hallux limitus, however plantar pressure measurements do not return to normal values. No correlation was found between plantar pressure measurements and post- operative radiographic measurements in the hallux valgus group. However, the increased amount of dorsiflexion of the hallux post-operatively in the hallux limitus group was correlated with reduced lateral loading of the forefoot. Post-operation changes of plantar pressure distribution indicate that the rehabilitative period required to achieve stable foot function is between twelve to eighteen months. Furthermore, plantar pressure measurement technology offers the clinician a useful tool to monitor foot function prior to and following therapeutic intervention.

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9

Petersen, Spencer Ray. "A System for Foot Joint Kinetics – Integrating Plantar Pressure/Shear with Multisegment Foot Modeling". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8456.

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Introduction: Instrumented gait analysis and inverse dynamics are commonly used in research and clinical practice to calculate lower extremity joint kinetics, such as power and work. However, multisegment foot (MSF) model kinetics have been limited by ground reaction force (GRF) measurements. New technology enables simultaneous capture of plantar pressure and shear stress distributions but has not yet been used with motion capture. Integrating MSF models and pressure/shear measurements will enhance the analysis of foot joint kinetics. The purpose of this study was to develop methodology to integrate these systems, then analyze the effects of speed on foot joint kinetics. Methods: Custom software was developed to synchronize motion capture and pressure/shear data using measured offsets between reference frame origins and time between events. Marker trajectories were used to mask pressure/shear data and construct segment specific GRFs. Inverse dynamics were done in commercial software. Demonstrative data was from 5 healthy adults walking unshod at 3 fixed speeds (1.0, 1.3, and 1.6 m/s, respectively) wearing retroreflective markers according to an MSF model. Plantar shear forces and ankle, midtarsal, and first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint kinetics were reported. Speed effects on joint net work were evaluated with a repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Plantar shear forces during stance showed some spreading effects (directionally opposing shear forces) that relatively were unaffected by walking speed. Midtarsal joint power seemed to slightly lag behind the ankle, particularly in late stance. Net work at the ankle (p = 0.024), midtarsal (p = 0.023), and MTP (p = 0.009) joints increased with speed. Conclusions: Functionally, the ankle and midtarsal joints became more motorlike with increasing speed by generating more energy than they absorbed, while the MTP joint became more damperlike by absorbing more energy than it generated. System integration appears to be an overall success. Limitations and suggestions for future work are presented.

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Mostfa, Ahmed A. "In-Shoe Plantar Pressure System To Investigate Ground Reaction Force Using Android Platform". VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4131.

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Human footwear is not yet designed to optimally relieve pressure on the heel of the foot. Proper foot pressure assessment requires personal training and measurements by specialized machinery. This research aims to investigate and hypothesize about Preferred Transition Speed (PTS) and to classify the gait phase of explicit variances in walking patterns between different subjects. An in-shoe wearable pressure system using Android application was developed to investigate walking patterns and collect data on Activities of Daily Living (ADL). In-shoe circuitry used Flexi-Force A201 sensors placed at three major areas: heel contact, 1st metatarsal, and 5th metatarsal with a PIC16F688 microcontroller and Bluetooth module. This method provides a low-cost instantaneous solution to both wear and records plantar foot simultaneously. Data acquisition used internal local memory to store pressure logs for offline data analysis. Data processing used the perpendicular slope to determine peak pressure and time of index. Statistical analysis can utilize to discover foot deformity. The empirical results in one subject showed weak linearity between normal and fast walk and a significant difference in body weight acceptance between normal and slow walk. In addition, T-test hypothesis testing between two healthy subjects, with , illustrated a significant difference in their Initial Contact pressure and no difference between their peak-to-peak time interval. Preferred Transition Speed versus VGRF was measured in 19 subjects. The experiments demonstrated that vertical GRF averagely increased 18.46% when the speed changed from 50% to 75% of PTS with STD 4.78. While VGRF increased 21.24% when the speed changed from 75% to 100% of PTS with STD 7.81. Finally, logistic regression between 12 healthy subjects demonstrated a good classification with 82.6% accuracy between partial foot bearing and their normal walk.

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Wong, Shiu Hong Trevor. "Ground reaction forces and plantar pressure distribution generated by two Tai Chi movements". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ground-reaction-forces-and-plantar-pressure-distribution-generated-by-two-tai-chi-movements(936b1205-59ce-49bf-adf4-2a198524babb).html.

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Tai Chi Chuan, Tai Chi (TC) in short, is a popular form of Chinese martial arts which have been practised by millions of people and provides various health benefits, such as improving balance control, strengthening leg muscles, reducing fear of falling, enhancing flexibility and many more. The American Geriatrics Society and the British Geriatrics Society have recommended TC as a suitable exercise for preventing falls of older people. However, it is not clear which TC components are the most effective for balance improvement. In addition, it is also unknown what differences in biomechanics aspects are between non-TC participants and experienced TC practitioners. This thesis aims to provide new knowledge and understanding of the kinetics and kinematics characteristics of two most frequently presented TC foot movements: push-hand and Tai Chi gait (TCG), through a comparative experimental study on the ground reaction forces (GRFs) and plantar pressure distribution on both feet induced by TC and non-TC participants. Three hypotheses were proposed for facilitating this research. The characteristics of foot/leg movements in each of the simplified 24-form TC are investigated and each form is classified into one of four types. Two most frequently presented foot movements, push-hand and TCG foot movements, were identified, which are embedded in 18 of the 24 forms. This forms a basis for further biomechanics study. Ten male TC and ten male non-TC participants attended the experiments while performing push-hand, with and without an opponent, and TCG. The GRFs in the three perpendicular directions and plantar pressure distribution were measured simultaneously through using two force platforms and an insole system. A video recording system was also used to capture the movements of selected points on the subjects. The kinematics data were used to identify the critical positions that divide the leg stance phases of TCG.The characteristics of the foot forces during the two fundamental foot movements were examined and revealed. The differences and similarities on the GRFs and plantar pressure distribution generated by the two groups of participants were assessed and identified. The similarities show that the non-TC participants are able to achieve similar characteristics of foot forces as the TC participants do. The differences show that the TC participants have better control of their body movement, generating larger GRFs during push-hand and smaller GRFs during TCG in the two horizontal directions. These reflect the TC participants’ ability developed by practising TC for several years which cannot be achieved by the non-TC participants during the tests. It is also demonstrated that push-hand generates the lowest vertical foot forces among those generated by other possible human movements, such as TCG and walking.

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Parizotto, Patricia. "Relação entre sensibilidade plantar, distribuição de pressão plantar e escore de equilíbrio em indivíduos diabéticos com e sem neuropatia periférica". Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1835.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Diabetes is considered a rising public health problem and a social and economic aggravation due to the high cost of its treatment, complications and disabilities of the disease. The main complication of the disease is peripheral neuropathy, characterized by reduction of temperature, pain and tactile sensitivity, joint destruction and fractures, the increase in postural oscillation, reaction time and abnormal neuromuscular response in the face of disturbance. This study aims to investigate the relationship between plantar sensitivity, plantar pressure distribution and balance score in diabetic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy. This study aims to investigate the association between plantar sensitivity, plantar pressure distribution and balance score in diabetic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy. The sample consisted of 80 volunteer adults from both sexes, between 20 and 65, divided into three groups: 29 subjects in the diabetic group without Peripheral Neuropathy; 11 subjects in the diabetic group with peripheral neuropathy and 40 individuals in the control group. This study was performed evaluation of sensitivity (Sorri Bauru® esthesiometer, Brazil), the plantar pressure distribution (Emed-AT System, Novel) and postural balance (SMART EquiTest® the Neurocom Internacional Inc®). The characterization of the sample was used in descriptive statistics and independent t test. To verify the differences in sensitivity, plantar pressure distribution and balance between the groups we used the test Univariate ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, with post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction. The relationship between plantar sensitivity, peak pressure and balance score was performed by Spearman correlation test. For all the results, a significance level of p≤0,05 was adopted. The result showed moderate negative correlation between the peak pressure and balance score only in the diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy group. It was also possible to observe reduction of plantar sensitivity in diabetic patients compared to the control group and diabetic patients with neuropathy had greater contact area and peak pressure. Additionally, the findings show that diabetic subjects present reduced values on the balance score and directional control, but with increased levels of latency. In conclusion, diabetes subjects have reduced plantar sensitivity and balance, as well as changes in the distribution of plantar pressure compared the control group and the presence of peripheral neuropathy can directly affect the quality of life of this population.
O diabetes é considerado um problema ascendente de saúde pública e um agravante social e econômico devido ao elevado custo em seu tratamento, complicações e incapacidades da doença. A principal complicação da patologia é a neuropatia periférica, caracterizada por redução da sensibilidade tátil, térmica e dolorosa, elevação das lesões e infecções cutâneas, fratura e destruição articular, elevação da oscilação postural, do tempo de reação e anormalidade da resposta neuromuscular diante de perturbações. Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar a relação entre sensibilidade cutânea plantar, distribuição de pressão plantar e escore de equilíbrio em indivíduos diabéticos com e sem neuropatia periférica. A amostra foi composta por 80 adultos voluntários, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 20 e 65 anos divididos em três grupos: 29 indivíduos no grupo de diabéticos sem neuropatia periférica; 11 indivíduos no grupo de diabéticos com neuropatia periférica e 40 indivíduos no grupo controle. Neste estudo foi realizada avaliação da sensibilidade (estesiômetro Sorri Bauru®, Brasil); da distribuição de pressão plantar (Sistema Emed-AT, Novel) e do equilíbrio postural (SMART EquiTest® da Neurocom Internacional Inc®). A caracterização da amostra foi utilizada estatística descritiva e teste t independente. Para verificar a diferença na sensibilidade, distribuição de pressão plantar e equilíbrio entre os grupos foram utilizados o teste ANOVA univariada ou o teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com análise post hoc com correção de Bonferroni. A relação entre sensibilidade cutânea plantar, pico de pressão e escore de equilíbrio foi realizado pelo teste de Correlação de Spearman. Para todos os resultados foi adotado um nível de significância de p≤0,05. Os resultados evidenciaram correlação moderada e negativa entre o pico de pressão e o escore de equilíbrio apenas no grupo de diabéticos com neuropatia. Também foi possível observar redução da sensibilidade plantar nos indivíduos diabéticos em comparação ao grupo controle e que indivíduos diabéticos com neuropatia apresentaram maior área de contato e pico de pressão. Adicionalmente, os achados mostram que os indivíduos diabéticos apresentam valores reduzidos no escore de equilíbrio e controle direcional, porém com aumento nos valores da latência. Em conclusão, os indivíduos diabéticos apresentam redução da sensibilidade cutânea plantar e do equilíbrio, assim como alterações na distribuição de pressão plantar em comparação ao grupo controle e que a presença de neuropatia periférica pode afetar diretamente a qualidade de vida dessa população.

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Kossin, Ema. "Effects of Playing Surface on Muscle Activation and Plantar Pressure in Collegiate Football Players". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1525366288791602.

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Rix, Jessica. "Effects of Chronic Ankle Instability and Ankle Bracing on Plantar Pressure during a Jump Landing Task". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1305124623.

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Flynn, Lynne Marie. "The development and application of a pressure delivery procedure to simultaneously assess plantar pressure and endothelial function in the diabetic foot". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/d82a1f4e-225f-44fe-92bb-3cdd8af3cfba.

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Costa, José Pedro Ribeiro da. "Relação entre a dureza dos tecidos moles e a pressão plantar em indivíduos saudáveis". Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8786.

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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Fisioterapia
Objetivo: Descrever o padrão de pressão plantar e dureza dos tecidos moles, assim como verificar qual a relação entre as variáveis em indivíduos saudáveis. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo transversal, incluindo 26 participantes (12 homens e 14 mulheres). Foram realizadas avaliações das medidas antropométricas e de discrepância de membros, avaliação da dureza dos tecidos moles através de um durómetro (PCE-DDA 10) e avaliação da pressão plantar com calçado utilizando um sistema de palmilhas F-Scan (Tekscan). Resultados: Foram encontradas associações significativas entre variáveis de pressão plantar e dureza dos tecidos moles (p<0.05). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre algumas variáveis de pressão plantar máxima e integral de pressão-tempo. Conclusão: Foram encontradas associações significativas fracas entre a dureza dos tecidos moles do calcâneo medial e pressão plantar e calcâneo lateral e pressão plantar.
Objective: To describe the pattern of plantar pressure and soft tissue hardness, as well as to verify the relationship between variables in healthy individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional quantitative study including 26 subjects (12 men and 14 women). Evaluation of anthropometric measurements and limb discrepancy, evaluation of soft tissue hardness through a durometer (PCE-DDA 10) and evaluation of plantar pressure with footwear using an F-Scan (Tekscan) insoles system were performed. Results: Significant associations were found between plantar pressure variables and soft tissue hardness (p <0.05). No significant differences were found between some variables of maximal plantar pressure and pressure time integral. Conclusion: Significant weak associations were found between the soft tissue hardness of the medial calcaneus and plantar and lateral calcaneal pressures and plantar pressures.
N/A

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Yniguez, Stephanie. "The effects of fatigue on plantar pressure distribution in subjects with chronic ankle instability after jump-landing task". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1305050264.

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Najafi, Bijan, James Wrobel e Joshua Burns. "Mechanism of orthotic therapy for the painful cavus foot deformity". BioMed Central, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610181.

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BACKGROUND:People who have extremely high arched feet or pes cavus often suffer from substantial foot pain. Custom-made foot orthoses (CFO) have been shown to be an effective treatment option, but their specificity is unclear. It is generally thought that one of the primary functions of CFO is redistributing abnormal plantar pressures. This study sought to identify variables associated with pain relief after CFO intervention.METHODS:Plantar pressure data from a randomized controlled trial of 154 participants with painful pes cavus were retrospectively re-analyzed at baseline and three month post CFO intervention. The participants were randomized to a treatment group given CFO or a control group given sham orthoses.RESULTS:No relationship between change in pressure magnitude and change in symptoms was found in either group. However, redistribution of plantar pressure, measured with the Dynamic Plantar Loading Index, had a significant effect on pain relief (p=0.001). Our final model predicted 73% of the variance in pain relief from CFO and consisted of initial pain level, BMI, foot alignment, and changes in both Dynamic Plantar Loading Index and pressure-time integral.CONCLUSION:Our data suggest that a primary function of effective orthotic therapy with CFO is redistribution of abnormal plantar pressures. Results of this study add to the growing body of literature providing mechanistic support for CFO providing pain relief in painful foot conditions. The proposed model may assist in better designing and assessing orthotic therapy for pain relief in patients suffering painful cavus foot deformity.TRIAL REGISTRATION:Randomized controlled trial: ISRCTN84913516

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Wright, C. R. F. "The biophysical properties of plantar callus and the relationship between pressure and callus development and regression". Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/36946/.

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Plantar calluses are common skin lesions which often require professional treatment by podiatrists. They commonly present under prominent areas such as the metatarsal heads and can cause significant discomfort during ambulation. Furthermore, they are one of the known risk factors for ulceration in individuals with systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Anecdotal evidence suggests that mechanical factors contribute to calluses and there are numerous studies linking callus to increased peak plantar pressure. However, whether callus is a result of increased pressure or vice versa remains unclear. Skin on other areas of the body has been shown to respond to external loading forces, but no research has specifically investigated the relationship between callus and pressure. A critical review of the literature explored the methods used for skin profiling through biophysical skin measurement. Skin hydration, distensibility and topography were revealed to be useful measurement parameters to characterise plantar skin and for this study, three devices were chosen for testing these parameters. However, as these devices have not received much attention for testing plantar callus in previous research, the first study investigated their repeatability on normal and callused plantar skin. These devices were shown to provide adequate measures of skin properties so they were then used in a larger scale study investigating the biophysical characteristics of normal and callused plantar skin. It was found that callused skin was less hydrated, less distensible, and rougher in texture than normal plantar skin. Work was then undertaken to develop a device that could apply loads to plantar skin in a safe manner so that the skin’s response to external loading could be assessed. A subsequent pilot study was conducted to assess whether normal plantar skin in individuals prone to callus would display callus-like skin changes as a result of increased vertical pressure applied by the skin loading device over a minimum period of six weeks. After the skin loading period, no effect could be observed in normal plantar skin properties. The reasons for this are explored in depth. A study was then undertaken in order to assess the effect of plantar pressure reduction in callused skin over a period of 12 weeks. Pressure reduction was achieved by using customised insoles worn by the study participants. No change in callused skin properties was observed and the reasons for this are explored in depth. These studies provide a strong starting point in understanding the link between pressure and callus and provide a foundation for further research.

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Melvin, Jonathan M. A. "The effects of heel height, shoe volume and upper stiffness on shoe comfort and plantar pressure". Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/34066/.

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The research in this thesis investigated the independent effects of changing heel height, forefoot shoe volume and upper material stiffness on plantar pressures and comfort in ladies raised heel shoes. Plantar pressure is widely associated with comfort and foot pain including conditions such as subchondral bone microfractures, cartilage degeneration, osteoarthritis, hallux valgus, plantar calluses, metatarsalgia, morton’s neuroma, and hammer toe. Reducing peak plantar pressure at localised foot regions is therefore an aspiration of footwear manufacturers and health professionals alike. As a precursor to the primary investigations, protocols for measuring plantar pressure were investigated. Specifically, how long it takes for a participant to acclimatise to new footwear and how many steps must be measured to provide valid plantar pressure data are research design issues not thoroughly resolved by prior research. In the first study within this thesis it was found that 166 steps per foot were required to acclimatise to unfamiliar footwear. Also, that data from 30 steps should be collected to ensure sufficient data for a representative step could be accurately calculated (within error of +/-2.5%) assumed The second study investigated the effects of incremental increases in heel height and upper material stiffness on comfort and plantar pressure. It was found that an increase in heel height of 20mm was required for a significant 19% increase in plantar pressure at MTP1 in shoes which have a heel height under 55mm. A significant increase in pressure was observed with just a 10mm increase in heel height for shoes over 55mm. Similar, though smaller, effects were observed for perceived comfort in different heel heights. The third study investigated the effects of shoe volume and upper stiffness on comfort and plantar pressure. It was found that an increase in shoe volume increased the pressure at the MTP1 and reduced it at the heel. There was also a volume, the medium volume shoe, which clearly produced the significantly lowest pressure at the MT24 (275kPa medium shoe compared to 289kPa and 305 kPa in the smallest and largest volumes respectively). A significant interaction between shoe volume and material stiffness was also observed: when the material stiffness is changed the amplitude of the effect due to volume is magnified. Of the three footwear features investigated heel height has the greatest significant effect on both comfort (74% increase in overall discomfort for 35mm to 75mm heel height) and plantar pressure (33% increase at MTP1 between 35 and 75 mm heel height), followed by shoe volume then upper stiffness. There was a clear relationship between plantar pressure and comfort and the results suggest that shoes with an effective heel height over 55mm should be considered different from those with heel height less than 55mm. This serves to define a “high heeled“shoe. To ensure that set measurements could be defined investigations into the effects of heel height were completed with only one shoe size. Thus for other shoe sizes scaling may be required. The results of this thesis will improve the quality of future investigations because it has provided guidelines on the required number of steps to acclimatise to unfamiliar footwear, and the number of steps required to produce an average representative step. Also, to the benefit of researchers, the results of this thesis have highlighted the difficulty in controlling features of footwear such as the stiffness of the upper material whilst simultaneously demonstrating the importance of controlling this feature. For both shoe manufactures and research these results have shown the effect of a systematic increase in heel height which has enabled the first pressure and comfort based definition of a high heeled shoe. From this information designers will have a greater understanding of how their designs will have an effect on the plantar pressure and comfort experienced by the wearer.

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Faria, Artur. "Utilização do WalkinsenseTM para cálculo do tempo de voo de um salto vertical: contributo para a validação". Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/2491.

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Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Fisioterapia
A aferição do tempo de voo de um salto vertical permite o cálculo de parâmetros associados a diferentes vias energéticas que se correlacionam com a força dos músculos extensores do joelho e anca. O seu uso é desta forma pertinente tanto na avaliação clínica como desportiva. O presente estudo procurou validar a utilização de um instrumento de análise da pressão plantar na marcha, o Walkinsense™, para o cálculo do tempo de voo comparando-o com o Ergojump™, instrumento já validado para o cálculo desta variável. Foram seleccionados trinta e cinco indivíduos praticantes de voleibol e analisado um total de 98 verticais de squat-jump. Verificaram-se correlações significativas em todos os critérios, tendo no entanto apenas o 1º critério obtido um valor superior a 0,800 (r = 0,836). The vertical jump fly time measurement allows for the calculation of different energetic paths’ associated parameters, which correlate with extension power of the hip and knees. Therefor its use is pertinent on the clinic and sport’s evaluation. The purpose of the present study was to validate the use of an instrument created for plantar pressure evaluation, called Walkinsense™, for the measurement of fly time, comparing it to Ergojump™, which is an already validated instrument for the calculation of this variable. Thirty-five volleyball athletes were selected and 98 squat-jumps were analyzed. Significant correlations were observed on all criteria, though only the first criterion obtained an r value superior to 0,800 (r = 0,836).

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Lau, Sze-man, e 劉詩敏. "A cross-sectional comparison study of the plantar pressure and gait characteristic of patient with rheumatoid arthritis". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45160454.

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Petre, Marc Thomas. "INVESTIGATING THE INTERNAL STRESS/STRAIN STATE OF THE FOOT USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1181240611.

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Duffin, Anthony C., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College e of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Structural and functional changes in the feet of young people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus". THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Duffin_A.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/408.

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Diabetes can affect the structure and function of the foot, resulting in severe limitation of mobility and reduction of life expectancy. Early warning signs include limited joint mobility (LJM), soft tissue changes, high plantar pressure (HPP), high pressure time integrals (P/TI) and plantar callus. These abnormalities were examined in 216 young people with diabetes and 57 controls. The fingers, toes, ankle subtalar and first metatarsophalangeal joints shows reduced motion and the plantar aponeurosis was thicker in diabetic subjects. Skin thickness was the same for diabetic and control subjects. LJM in the feet was more common in males and older subjects. Subtalar and finger LJM was associated with early sensory nerve changes and finger LJM was associated with retinopathy and higher HbAtc. Thicker plantar aponeurosis was associated with male gander and larger feet. High peak pressure, high P/TI and callus were no more common in diabetic subjects than controls. However, high P/TI and callus were associated with early sensory nerve changes in young people with diabetes. Diabetic subjects with callus were significantly older than those without callus. Those with HPP had higher body mass index and less motion at the first MTP joints than those without HPP. Although plantar callus, HPP and high P/TI were no more common in young people with diabetes these abnormailities may be complicated by diabetes. Cushioning, custom orthoses or both in combination significantly reduced peak pressure and P/TI in diabetic subjects.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Bernardes, Cynara Ferreira 1982. "Dor nos pés, função e distribuição da pressão plantar em pacientes com artrite reumatóide em uso de palmilhas : um estudo observacional". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310625.

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Orientador: Manoel Barros Bertolo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia do uso das palmilhas em pacientes com Artrite Reumatóide (AR) na redução da dor, melhora da função e redução da média dos picos de pressão plantar. Material e Métodos: Vinte e sete pacientes com AR e dor nos pés foram avaliados em relação à dor, presença de deformidade e calosidades, incapacidade (Heath Assessment Questionnaire - HAQ-DI) e atividade de doença (Clinical Disease Activity Index - CDAI). Palmilhas foram prescritas de acordo com a necessidade de cada sujeito com objetivo de suporte articular e redução de dor. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação pelo Foot Function Index (FFI) e podobarometria (Sistema F-SCAN) com a avaliação da média dos picos de pressão plantar em consulta inicial e após duas semanas de intervenção. Resultados: Houve redução do FFI após a intervenção em todas sub escalas. Os escores iniciais mais elevados do FFI total e suas subescalas de incapacidade (FFI-inc) e limitação da atividade (FFI-la) foram significativamente relacionados aos maiores escores do CDAI e HAQ-DI (p < 0.05). A melhora do FFI foi independente da idade dos sujeitos, tempo de doença, CDAI e HAQ-DI. Não houve redução significativa na média dos picos de pressão plantar após a intervenção, mesmo quando foram avaliados separadamente os pacientes com dor predominante em ante pé e retro pé. As palmilhas foram usadas em média 7,08 horas por dia. Efeitos adversos menores foram observados em sete pacientes, nenhum resultando em interrupção do tratamento. Conclusão: Foi observado redução de dor e incapacidade em indivíduos com AR após o uso de palmilhas, sem redução significativa das médias dos picos de pressão plantar. Os benefícios do uso das órteses em pés reumatóides podem ser multifatoriais, não somente relacionado à melhor distribuição da pressão plantar, mas à melhor acomodação do pé e aumento do estímulo proprioceptivo
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of insoles in Rheumatoid Arthritis (AR) patients reducing pain, improving function and reducing the mean peak plantar pressure. Methods: Twenty-seven rheumatoid patients with foot pain were evaluated regarding foot deformity, disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire - HAQ-DI) and disease activity (Clinical Disease Activity Index - CDAI). Foot orthosis were prescribed according to each patient's needs aiming to provide a better joint support and to reduce pain. The Foot Function Index (FFI) and the mean peak plantar pressure (FSCAN system) were evaluated at baseline and after two weeks of intervention. Results: FFI values decreased in all subscales after intervention. Higher initial disability and activity limitation FFI subscales and FFI total scores were significantly related to higher CDAI and to higher HAQ-DI scores (p < 0.05). FFI improvement was independent from age, disease duration, CDAI and HAQ-DI. No significant reduction in the mean peak plantar pressure was noted, even if evaluating separately the patients with pain mainly on the forefoot or on the hindfoot. Orthosis were worn 7.08 hours-day on average. Minor adverse effects were noted in seven patients, none of them resulting in treatment interruption. Conclusion: Foot orthosis reduces patient's referred foot pain and foot disability with no significant reduction in the mean peak plantar pressure. The benefits of foot orthosis in RA may be multifactorial, not only related to plantar pressure distribution, but also to a better foot accommodation and increased proprioceptive stimulus
Mestrado
Clinica Medica
Mestra em Clínica Médica

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Webster, Kathryn A. "Measures of Plantar Pressure and Influences of Fatigue on Muscle Activation in Subjects with and without Chronic Ankle Instability". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271361172.

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Santos, Derek. "The development of a system to measure the effects of plantar foot pressure on the microcirculation of the foot". Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2006. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7428.

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An investigation into the effects of plantar foot pressure on the microcirculation of healthy subjects and patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis was carried out. In the light of no equipment available to carry out this study a new system was developed. A shoe device was built with a combined pressure/skin blood flow transducer embedded in a three-tier piston mechanism in the heel so that plantar foot pressure could be applied/removed and quantified. The skin blood flow transducer made contact with the skin and was able to collect data about the microcirculatory state of the skin. The first system developed consisted of the laser Doppler Fluxmeter (Moor Instruments Ltd., UK) used to collect skin blood flow information and incorporating a strain gauge (Kyowa Electronic Instruments Co. Ltd., Japan) to quantify plantar foot pressure applied to the centre of the heel. This system was visually/sound synchronised and due to the time delay error it was modified. For the final system developed, the strain gauge was replaced with a custom-made Novel capacitative transducer (Novel, Germany) to quantify pressure. This allowed for the pressure system to be electronically synchronised in real time with the laser Doppler fluxmeter using an electronic synchronisation box. A number of studies were carried out to validate the systems. The developed systems were used to: (a) investigate the effects of the venoarteriolar response in healthy subjects with regards to the effects of plantar foot pressure on skin blood flow. The study concluded that subject positioning (that is, supine or semi-weight bearing) has an effect on how the microcirculation of the skin reacts to applied pressure. Thus, studies investigating the effects of external pressure on skin blood flow must have their subjects in a position that is related to what is being studies; (b) investigate the effects of plantar foot pressure on skin blood flow in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. A healthy control group was compared with a cohort of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis with no evidence of vasculitis. The study concluded that there were no significant differences between both groups. A number of articles have been published from this thesis (see Appendix 14).

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Liou, Yu-Chyuan, e 劉于詮. "The Application of Plantar Pressure Measurement". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83449180716152110318.

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碩士
國立體育學院
運動科學研究所
88
During snatch, the weightlifters’ feet became a base of support for the body movement to raise the barbell. Four elite college weightlifters (2 Ms and 2 Fs) served as subjects in this study. The EMED Pedar System was used to collect and analyze plantar pressure data. One video camera and Peak System were used to gather subjects’ as well as barbells’ kinematic data. Subject’s kinematic and plantar pressure data were combined in order to examined the relationship between body movement and the center of plantar pressure line. Results were as follow: (1) Although the center of plantar pressure moved forward, backward, forward and forward accordingly, but forefoot’s force-time integral (FTI) was higher than hind-foot. The plantar force (PF) was higher on the forefoot through out the snatch. (2) Total foot and forefoots’ FTI during flex knee phase were positively correlated with barbell’s impulse during pulling phase (p < .01). Forefoot’s correlation coefficient was higher than total foot’s so barbell velocity was affected by PF — especially on the forefoot’s PF. (3) In the beginning of snatch, dF/dt curve increased slowly. In extend knee phase, the curve decreased to zero and it decreased again before the flex knee phase. In flex knee phase, it increased steadily so that there was not any notable dip in barbell’s velocity. In PF curve, the first force peak is approximately 75% of the second force peak. (4) The difference of the PF between the feet was not significant (p < .05). The center of plantar pressure slightly moved toward the right side.

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Gomes, Pedro. "Alignment of plantar pressure image sequences". Dissertação, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/76150.

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Gomes, Pedro Nuno da Silva. "Alignment of plantar pressure image sequences". Master's thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/69124.

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Chen, Chih Ming, e 陳致銘. "Portable plantar pressure signal recording system". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33819321058025404946.

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碩士
長庚大學
電機工程學系
102
Incorrect walking posture and habit usually cause discomfort of feet and even injuries. There are various researches on foot pressure in the patients with amputation who have nerve muscular dystrophy and need assistant equipment , or subjects with muscle unbalance and back pain due to handling heavy items on one shoulder for a long period. The major causes for the above symptoms are due to the unbalance during walking. The foot pressure from the body weight is focused onto a single point. The non-uniformity support of foot joint usually results in arthritis. Since body weight is pressed on a single point , hardly on the joint area (with only 5 -10 square meter ) during walking or standing. This may cause and finally amputation for people who have nerve atrophy symptom. On the other side, the joint pressure may be increased due to the acceleration and gravity pressure during walking , thereby causing muscle pain. Recently, most researches on foot pressure are based on sensor or image system , This thesis is to develop a portable system to measure foot force on both foot simultaneously. Five force sensors are put on the points that are the major supporting areas. The measured signals are wireless transmitted to a computer for computing the distribution of foot pressure during inappropriate posture. Our system has an advantage of low cost and quick setup.

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Gomes, Pedro Nuno da Silva. "Alignment of plantar pressure image sequences". Dissertação, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/69124.

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Chen, Huei-Jen, e 陳慧珍. "Plantar Pressure Distribution Characteristics of Bowling Step". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06396908054244125012.

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碩士
中國文化大學
運動教練研究所
91
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the Biomechanics factors of the motion in final step of bowling effect. Two subjects were bowling players in college varsity team. The Peak Performance 2D video motion analysis system and EMED Pedar in-shoes force analysis system have been used to simultaneously record kinematics and kinetics variables while performing the final step movements. The data was analyzed 8 times. The establishing values of kinematics and kinetics variables of final step were analyzed by Pearson-production correlation of SPSS in Windows. Results were as follow: 1.The body shouldn’t lean overly forward and the support leg shouldn’t over flex (hip, knee, and ankle joint angle < 90 degrees) after the final step take-off. 2.The timing and sequence of maximum velocity at the throwing limb correspond to the principle of kinetic chain. 3.At landing, the heel and forefoot both had pressure distribution on them; it means they were landed at the same time. 4.For plantar area, the peak plantar pressure and force distribution of the heel and forefoot were not significant. However, the maximum value occurred at heel area meaning more force was supported by the heel. 5.The center of plantar pressure line continues to move backward during motion process. 6.The mean bowling velocity and plantar pressure were highly positive correlated. Therefore, the faster mean bowling velocity the higher the mean plantar pressure.

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Soh, Wei-howe, e 蘇瑋豪. "Evaluation of Re-distributed Foot Plantar Pressure". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36717214871140708258.

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碩士
國立臺南大學
機電系統工程研究所產碩專班
101
Human is two-legged mammal. Therefore, leg is important in our daily activity because it helps to balance human body. So, when the center of gravity is offset due to incorrect posture, it will cause the uneven body structure and thus affect joint problem if without any proper orthodontic treatment for a period. Thus, human needs to be re-aligned. Arch is the foundation of body structure. When the arch is in poor structure or in uneven balance, it will affect the structure of knee, pelvis, shoulder and thus human spine. It will affect the circulation and the function of each organ if without any proper orthodontic treatment for a period. The condition is the similar as the proper alignment of car tires which need to carry load every day. Therefore, car tires are needed to align and keep balance in order to extend the life. The process of traditional way and computer aided design for the customized insole are too costly and time consuming. Therefore, the main of this study is to simplify the process of customized insole to re-distribute foot plantar pressure with the standard arch and the technique of shoe alignments.

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Pi, Chin-Lung, e 畢經隆. "PLANTAR PRESSURE ANALYSIS OF WRESTLING TACKLE DEFENSIVE ACTION". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20426860109408375203.

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碩士
國立臺灣體育學院
體育研究所
90
This study is tested by two National Players and adopted Novel Pressure （50Hz）and Redlake high speed camera（125f/s） synchronized experiment to collect and compare the plantar pressure data variation of defender. To take decisive defense picture and analyze it so that one can presupposed action movement formalize attack model. After discussion, this study conclude as below. 1. On defense preparation action, only in tackle throw back the plantar pressure on left foot is bigger than right one. Percentage on left foot is 51.5 while right foot is 48.5. This means the preparation action is on right hand side yet it is defense posture. For the rest three directions, the plantar pressure on right foot is bigger on defense preparation action. 2. There is one common phenomenon the dimension plantar pressure on right foot is bigger than left one. It indicates left foot use tiptoe while right foot is prepare for attack action movement. 3. The reaction phenomenon upon attack contact, plantar maximum power will be on right or left foot because of attack direction. 4. When adopt different attack direction, defender’s plantar pressure center and the body move forward to defend attack. 5. There should be have sets of combination attack action so that the attack techniques can be utilized continuously. 6. Break through stage,The defender’s plantar pressure indicate zero on one foot is common phenomenon.

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Chen, Yong-Long, e 陳永龍. "A Plantar Pressure Measurement System by Textile Sensors". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/aq32cj.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
電子工程系
103
Human’s feet not only support the weight of the whole body but also take the ground reaction forces while moving. The problem of foot structure will affect the balance of the body while walking, which causes pain or diseases. On medical diagnosis, there are many diseases can be diagnosed by measuring and analyzing the gait. This study applies a sole pressure measurement system that consists of multiple self-developed textile-type pressure sensors, and the Cypress PSoC (Programmable System-on-Chip) is combined in this study. This system can measure the soles pressure distribution while walking and transmit signals through the Bluetooth Module to the computer, which provides visual feedback and data recording. The experiment results show that the system can completely record the gait cycles while the participants walk, and it also shows that trajectory curve of the center of pressure (COP) of the five participants features a tendency of a normal track curve, which represents that this system is feasible.

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周明熙. "The Characteristics of Plantar Pressure Distribution for Archers". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78252813884221986362.

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碩士
國立臺灣體育大學(桃園)
教練研究所
96
Archer’s stance and gravity distribution is an important element to keep body balance; a proper planter pressure can supply archers to bring forth the efficient support. This research recruited 14 players for plantar pressure analysis (height:173.3±10.1 ㎝, weig w:77.2±24.5 ㎏,age 21.7±1.5 yr, archery participation 7.3±1.3 yr). This research divided archer’s plantar pressure into three areas, proleg area, an arch area, and heel area through EMED- PEDAR plantar pressure insole system to collect data, and analysis by t-tese and one-way ANOVA (p< 0.05), discussed the differences between open stance and close stance. The results were as follows: the majority of average plantar pressure of left foot is on arch area, the majority of average plantar pressure of right foot is on heel area, the majority of plantar pressure area of left and right foot is proleg area, the majority of average plantar force on left foot is proleg area, the majority of average plantar force on right foot is heel area. Therefore, when the player stand, average plantar pressure, plantar pressure area, and average plantar force are equally distributed between two feet’s three-area. The open stance had wider feet than the shoulder, right foot stands half the sole of foot more than the left, there fore, the stability is higher when shooting. The close stance had feet as wide as the shoulder or smaller, the sole’s basis area is smaller. It is easily affected by other factors such as wind. This will causes the body to lean back and forth. Archers’ arm will not have the same amount power produced; this will indirectly influence the archer’s performance.

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Tseng, Yi-ting, e 曾怡婷. "Analysis of the Plantar Pressure Distribution and Tracing of the Plantar Contour Using Image Processing". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89717456227235410743.

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碩士
逢甲大學
紡織工程所
96
In this research the plantar image acquired by a low-cost, portable and easy handling "Harris and Beath footprinting mat" is applied for analysis of the plantar pressure distribution and tracing of the plantar contour using image processing. In analysis of the plantar pressure distribution, the Kittler & Illingworth threshold method and image smoothing are applied on the plantar image to obtain a smooth distribution of gray levels. Then the relationship between the gray levels and the pressure values is constructed through experiments, and the gray levels of the smoothed plantar image are transformed into pressure value pixel by pixel and the plantar center of pressure is located. In addition, those pressure values are expressed with colors on an image so as to show the plantar pressure distribution clearly. In tracing of the plantar contour the contrast of the plantar image is first increased and then smoothed. The snake with the attraction and even distance energy is applied for tracing of the plantar contour by setting the initial snake curve close to the edge of the plantar contour. Moreover, the arch index, the Chippaux-Smirak index, foot length and foot width are further calculated. The experimental results show that through the process mentioned above the plantar pressure distribution and the plantar center of pressure can be accurately obtained quickly. By using those information the foot problems can be analyzed fast and less manpower is required. On the other hand the plantar contour can be detected using the snake with the attraction and even distance energies accurately. With the plantar contour detected the footprint parameters including the arch index and the Chippaux-Smirak index, foot length and foot width can be evaluated. Those footprint parameters can be used to analyze the foot problems, and foot length and foot width can be applied on checking shoe last so as to find appropriate shoes.

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Lin, Jhe-Jhun, e 林哲諄. "Design and Fabrication of a Fiber Plantar Pressure Sensors". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28857105321263925305.

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碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
電機工程研究所碩士班
102
This paper research for plantar pressure fiber optical sensor design and develop，and uses this method to measurement and correction of the human foot pressure distribution state. The mainly base element of fiber plantar pressure sensor is fiber Bragg grating (FBG). It is used as the sensing element, and the SC-877 silicone as the sensing medium. After the sensor sensitivity test, the best material for elastic gel sensors is mixed with the main base and hardener with the ratio of 100:10. For measurement with distribution of plantar pressure, this study refers to adult size chart of Pedar-X insole foot pressure testing system type and defines six measurement areas that can classified into four foot types, namely neutral foot, cavus foot, supinated foot and flat foot. The plantar pressure distribution of eleven testers with differentiate foot types were measured. The Pearson correlation coefficient of the measurement results with homemade fiber optic pressure sensor plantar and i-Step P1000 plantar pressure plate is 0.581. Therefore, the homemade plantar pressure sensor has the highest measurement accuracy and repeatability. Besides, this sensor has simple structure that can be made easily and low costs. In the manufacturing and testing of the orthotic insole, this study selected the flat foot testers to wear the orthotic insole a month. Experimental results show that the effect of corrective orthotic insole can reduce stress distribution inside the arch and improve the symptoms of flat feet, such as the foot pain caused by walking or running.

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Lin, Chin-Yonng, e 林信良. "The Study of Plantar Pressure of Normal foot and". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06549304406542156696.

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碩士
國立體育學院
運動科學研究所
88
ABSTRACT Walking and running has been the most popular exercise, while exercising, the feet absorbed great ground reaction force (GRF) but the force experienced was different to a flat-footed person (FFP) as it does to a normal -footed person (NFP). This study used ten FFP (61.80±3.76 kg) and six NFP (66.80±2.92 kg) persons served as subjects. GRF and plantar pressure (PP) was measured by Kistler force plateform and EMED-pedar system. Subjects were designed to walk on the treadmill (Trackmaster, TM500) with five different speed (70、90、110、130 and 150 m/min). All the data were analyzed by two-way mixed MANOVA, the results were as fellow：(1) The changing of walking velocity had a great influence on GRF and PP. (2) GRF which FFP’s midfoot area bore was bigger several times than GRF which NFP’s midfoot area bore. (3) The difference between PP which FFP’s midfoot area bore and PP which NFP’s midfoot area bore was not significant. (4) In FFP’s forefoot area, the GRF and PP centralizing region would move to outside when the walking velocity added. In NFP’s forefoot area, the GRF and PP centralizing region would move to inside when the walking velocity added. Key words：plantar pressure、velocity、flat foot

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Shen, Fu-Chiun, e 沈富群. "Plantar Pressure/Shear Sensor Array with Bluetooth Low Energy". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9p83da.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
101
Plantar pressure/shear force array sensor are placed at the bottom of the shoe-pads. When user walks with them, the soles of shoes touch the ground. The Sensing unit perceives different level of pressure and adopts a set of four sensors to detect the Shear force direction. The analog signal is transformed to digital data through the microprocessor in the circuit. The digital signal will then be transmitted to mobile phones or computers through wireless transmission by bluetooth module. As a mobile phone or a computer receives the data, it shows the corresponding position of the foot on the APP. The color which displays on the mobile or computer changes from light to dark with the different perceived level of pressure and represents the current plantar pressure situation of user. Besides, the APP calculates the center of gravity of user according to the numerical value and position of the 16 Sensing unit and it is presented by red star.

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Liao, Chen-Hsiang, e 廖晨翔. "Outlier Identification and Comparative Visualization of Plantar Pressure Data". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y2rf5z.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
資訊工程系研究所
101
Plantar pressure data is an important foundation for sports medicine. It includes 20 parameters from the index arch, left foot and right foot plantar pressure. It causes data observation inconvenient because of complicated property and outlier. We build database platform and import plantar pressure to database. Using outlier identification and comparative visualization to help sports medicine researchers studying plantar pressure data. Data source comes from sports medicine researcher who research on college athletes. The dataset contains total 1006 data collected from 26 sports. In order to research foot symptoms. This paper proposes methods to visualize plantar pressure data using comparative visualization. Parallel coordinate, plantar bar chart and scatterplot to compare average value and standard deviation of dataset. We search outliers using range standard deviation value and display them. It can help sports medicine researchers to observe outlier. We research similar exercise behavior sports like snooker, tennis, badminton. Sports medicine researchers can use comparative visualization to compare difference datasets. It can save sports medicine researchers time in operate plantar data and help them easy to observe difference between sports. Further, they can diagnose foot symptoms from clustering datasets. Sports medicine researchers can use outlier identification to find outlier. It saves sports medicine researchers time in identifying outlier.

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陳昱銘. "The development of portable shoes for plantar pressure measurement". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20337199883316429006.

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碩士
長庚大學
醫療機電工程研究所
92
Walking ability is one of the most important ability in one’s daily living. Since gait performance may differ among individuals, how to improve a patient’s walking ability is an important research topic in the rehabilitation medicine. Analysis of a patients’ foot-ground reactions during locomotion can be helpful for a doctor to diagnosis his walking ability, stability, and balancing performance. This study integates 14 load cells instead of force sensitive resisters (FRS) used in the past, a self-developed shoe module, a signal amplifica- -tion and A/D conversion circuit, and a microprocessor-controlled data storage device to build a foot-floor-reaction-force measurement system. An analysis software designed by LabVIEW programming was applied to analyze the collected data to acquire temporal and spatial parameters of the gait. In this study, a foot-floor-reaction-force measurement system which equipped with portability, high resolutions, and long operation time was built. The newly designed system was built to analyze the vertical ground reactions of individual foot. Results of experiments show the system is capable of acquiring signals with precision during both normal and pathological gaits and to derive accurate parameters for clinical diagnosis.

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Lee, Tsan-Mu, e 李蒼牧. "Sub-division of Plantar Pressure Analysis in Diabetic Patients". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57994473731730150973.

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碩士
中國醫藥大學
醫學研究所碩士班
94
Purpose and background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing every year in Taiwan. Many complications of DM have a great impact on the individuals with DM for life time. Neuropathy, sensory loss and muscle deficit make DM patients change there gaits and postures. These changes of walking mechanism maybe affect their plantar pressure abnormally. Alternant plantar pressure applies on different areas of plantar side of feet repeat and repeat. Finally, patients may suffer form foot ulceration without definite trauma. Individuals with DM have a higher rate of foot ulceration and lower extremity amputation than those without diabetes. Result form previous research, foot ulceration of DM patient is associated with 1)neuropathy 2)avescular disease. Physical examinations for neuropathy and avescular disease combine with plantar pressure can predict the possibility of foot ulceration of DM patients. Furthermore, plantar pressure can also provide clinicians and health professionals a direct evidence to make up a proper decision. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of DM patient’s plantar pressure during level walking. By separating plantar pressure to 10 regions, and discus pressure associated parameters of these region with other clinical data, the relationships between plantar pressure and result of clinical examinations could be found. Methods: 432 subjects with DM patients participated in this study. DM patients with neuropathy, foot deformity and unable to walk independently IV were excluded. HbAlc and the fasting blood glucose level(A.C.) were measured. And all of the subjects completed the pressure data collection and history taking. Result: We found that subjects with DM have increased mean pressure on 2nd metatarsal bone and 3rd metatarsal bone. Mean load rate on heel was higher than other areas. Impulse on 2nd metatarsal bone was the highest of foot. Maximum peak pressure was located on 2nd metatarsal and 3rd metatarsal done. Discussion: The highest plantar pressure was located on forefoot 2nd metatarsal bone area. As HbA1c increased, mean pressure and max peak pressure increased.

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Tai, Tsung-Lin, e 戴宗霖. "A Study of Wearable Foot Plantar Pressure Measurement Device". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66268188067665567069.

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碩士
大同大學
通訊工程研究所
104
This Paper proposes a minimized, lightweight, and wireless device that combines the Arduino Pro mini, FSR(Force-Sensing Resistor), CD4051, and HC-05 Bluetooth module to realize an In-Shoe plantar pressure measurement system. The device places the FSRs under the big toe, the first metatarsal, the second metatarsal, the lateral metatarsal, the medial midfoot, the lateral midfoot, the medial hindfoot and the lateral hindfoot to measure the walking dynamic plantar pressure. An Android smart phone can communicate with the device through Bluetooth to receive plantar pressure data. The Android smart phone conducts the following operations (1) collect and store the plantar pressure, (2) graph the big toe, first metatarsal, second metatarsal, lateral metatarsal, medial midfoot, lateral midfoot, medial hindfoot and lateral hindfoot pressure in color point, (3) analyze the dynamic pressure to show the probability of pronated foot, (4) show the probability of pronated foot and (5) transfer the data to a cloud server. This Paper proposes a method to analyze the pronated foot and the Android smart phone use the method displaying the pronated probability. Using the Android smart phone and the device analyze 4 people. Two of them have both normal foot. Their result displayed the first man’s right foot and left foot is 30% and 46%. The second man’s right foot and left foot is 33% and 38% . One of the other man has both pronated foot. The result of man’s right and left foot is 59% and 74%. And the last person’s left and right foot is pronated and normal. The result of man’s right and left foot is 45% and 82%.

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46

Meneses, Miguel Vasconcelos Pignatelli Rúber de. "Health professionals' ergonomics monitoring with foot plantar pressure analysis". Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128163.

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47

Meneses, Miguel Vasconcelos Pignatelli Rúber de. "Health professionals' ergonomics monitoring with foot plantar pressure analysis". Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128163.

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48

CHENG, SHENG-FU, e 鄭勝夫. "Development of an Expert Diagnostic System for Plantar Pressure". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43433190447543064035.

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49

Cho, Chia-Ying, e 卓佳穎. "The Study of Plantar Pressure in Men’s Skeet Shooting". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08886760226249886211.

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Resumo:

碩士
國立體育大學
運動技術研究所
99
Shooting is a specific method of using guns on various preset targets. The result of a calculated campaign produces information on shooting accuracy. Skeet shooting athletes begin from started position and launch a sequence of movement including aiming, raising, anchoring on check and shoulder, swinging through, and triggering after finding the target. The purpose of this study is to investigate the skeet shooting of A-class athletes (outstanding players) and C-class athletes (junior players) for the fourth station in the high and low house double shooting, and the entire shooting process of plantar pressure parameters for different stages of changes. In this study, skeet shooting will have five A-class and five C-class athletes in double shooting process, including preparation stage, mounting and tracking stage, buffering stage, second tracking stage, and following through stage ; comparing the differences of plantar pressure parameters and between two group athletes in station 4 of high and low house double shooting. The research was determined by comparing the differences between each two and three-way ANOVA, T- test; the differences between each parameter will be identified, as the results of the followings: 1.A and C-class athletes in the double shooting in mounting & tracking stage, as well as second tracking stage, there is a significant difference in the low house longitudinal center of pressure displacement; however, there is no significant difference in the high house, it only shows different modes of rotation axis. 2.A and C-class athletes in the double shooting from high house and double shooting from low house in buffering stage; the maximum displacement of the longitudinal center of pressure were not significantly different between two groups. Therefore, the recoil of the treatment strategy can be similar to both athletes. 3.When in the progress of displacing a gun, A and C-class athletes in the first and second shooting, the maintain Position of Center of Gravity, from double shooting from high house or double shooting from low house, it showed no significant difference in coping strategies before triggering; it may be very similar. 4.Five stages performance of double shooting from high house between A and C-class athletes, the preparation stage (S1), the mounting and tracking stage (S2), and the follow through stage (S5) are the left mean plantar foot pressure, all of them are significantly greater than the average right foot plantar pressure. The buffering stage (S3) and the second tracking stage (S4), A-class athletes and C-class athletes, both of their feet show significant differences; it indicates the focus was shifted after triggering on different position; A-class players average fell on their feet; however, C-class athletes is significant fall on the left front foot. This proved that different levels of players copy diverse strategies when recoil happens, which caused by the gunpowder. Five stages of performances of double shooting from low house between A and C-class athletes; the preparation stage (S1), the mounting and tracking stage (S2), and the follow through stage (S5) are all left foot. The average was significantly greater than the right foot plantar pressure, while the buffering stage (S3), the second tracking stage (S4), A-Class athletes, and C-Class athletes, when both feet levels of plantar foot pressure players are no significant differences in average fell feet. In high house and low house double shooting, A and C-class athletes show different results on feet average plantar pressure due to the triggering of different order of shooting and rotation axis, which caused different results.

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50

Lu, Chih-Hao, e 盧志豪. "Analysis of Plantar Pressure in Normal People and Patients with Plantar Fasciitis at Different Walking Speeds". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zg3prb.

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