Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Plant's biology"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Plant's biology"
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Zamora, David L., Donald C. Thill, and Robert E. Eplee. "An Eradication Plan for Plant Invasions." Weed Technology 3, no. 1 (1989): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00031225.
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An eradication plan is needed to counteract the increasing number of invasions by new plant species and the cost of resulting control programs. An eradication plan includes early detection of new species, assessment of the invader's noxious potential, surveys, understanding of the invader's biology, and technology incorporated into a strategy to eliminate the species and to revegetate invasion sites. Early detection increases the probability of successfully eradicating invading plants. Key factors in determining a plant's noxious potential are similarities among the climates of the invaded area and endemic population, the plant's history of spread, and its ability to germinate. Surveys are necessary to detect new species and to assess their threat. Reliable surveys depend on using proper methods and tactics. Population dynamics indicate the stage of a plant's life cycle most vulnerable to eradication treatments, the time to deplete viable propagules from the soil, and the strategy to stop spread. Eradication technology is based on a plant's population dynamics and must eliminate every plant from an infestation. The survey data, population dynamics, and eradication technology are combined into an eradication strategy that must stop spread, prevent reproduction, and deplete viable propagules from the soil. An effective eradication strategy specifies where and when to apply treatments, quarantine measures, criteria to assess progress, steps to prevent further invasions, and cost appraisals.
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Mackelprang, Rebecca, and Peggy G. Lemaux. "Genetic Engineering and Editing of Plants: An Analysis of New and Persisting Questions." Annual Review of Plant Biology 71, no. 1 (2020): 659–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035916.
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Genetic engineering is a molecular biology technique that enables a gene or genes to be inserted into a plant's genome. The first genetically engineered plants were grown commercially in 1996, and the most common genetically engineered traits are herbicide and insect resistance. Questions and concerns have been raised about the effects of these traits on the environment and human health, many of which are addressed in a pair of 2008 and 2009 Annual Review of Plant Biology articles. As new science is published and new techniques like genome editing emerge, reanalysis of some of these issues, and a look at emerging issues, is warranted. Herein, an analysis of relevant scientific literature is used to present a scientific perspective on selected topics related to genetic engineering and genome editing.
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Schulze, Waltraud X., Kristian W. Sanggaard, Ines Kreuzer, et al. "The Protein Composition of the Digestive Fluid from the Venus Flytrap Sheds Light on Prey Digestion Mechanisms." Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 11, no. 11 (2012): 1306–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.m112.021006.
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The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) is one of the most well-known carnivorous plants because of its unique ability to capture small animals, usually insects or spiders, through a unique snap-trapping mechanism. The animals are subsequently killed and digested so that the plants can assimilate nutrients, as they grow in mineral-deficient soils. We deep sequenced the cDNA from Dionaea traps to obtain transcript libraries, which were used in the mass spectrometry-based identification of the proteins secreted during digestion. The identified proteins consisted of peroxidases, nucleases, phosphatases, phospholipases, a glucanase, chitinases, and proteolytic enzymes, including four cysteine proteases, two aspartic proteases, and a serine carboxypeptidase. The majority of the most abundant proteins were categorized as pathogenesis-related proteins, suggesting that the plant's digestive system evolved from defense-related processes. This in-depth characterization of a highly specialized secreted fluid from a carnivorous plant provides new information about the plant's prey digestion mechanism and the evolutionary processes driving its defense pathways and nutrient acquisition.
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Mockler, T. C., H. Guo, H. Yang, H. Duong, and C. Lin. "Antagonistic actions of Arabidopsis cryptochromes and phytochrome B in the regulation of floral induction." Development 126, no. 10 (1999): 2073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.10.2073.
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The Arabidopsis photoreceptors cry1, cry2 and phyB are known to play roles in the regulation of flowering time, for which the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We have previously hypothesized that phyB mediates a red-light inhibition of floral initiation and cry2 mediates a blue-light inhibition of the phyB function. Studies of the cry2/phyB double mutant provide direct evidence in support of this hypothesis. The function of cryptochromes in floral induction was further investigated using the cry2/cry1 double mutants. The cry2/cry1 double mutants showed delayed flowering in monochromatic blue light, whereas neither monogenic cry1 nor cry2 mutant exhibited late flowering in blue light. This result suggests that, in addition to the phyB-dependent function, cry2 also acts redundantly with cry1 to promote floral initiation in a phyB-independent manner. To understand how photoreceptors regulate the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive development, we examined the effect of sequential illumination by blue light and red light on the flowering time of plants. We found that there was a light-quality-sensitive phase of plant development, during which the quality of light exerts a profound influence on flowering time. After this developmental stage, which is between approximately day-1 to day-7 post germination, plants are committed to floral initiation and the quality of light has little effect on the flowering time. Mutations in either the PHYB gene or both the CRY1 and CRY2 genes resulted in the loss of the light-quality-sensitive phase manifested during floral development. The commitment time of floral transition, defined by a plant's sensitivity to light quality, coincides with the commitment time of inflorescence development revealed previously by a plant's sensitivity to light quantity - the photoperiod. Therefore, the developmental mechanism resulting in the commitment to flowering appears to be the direct target of the antagonistic actions of the photoreceptors.
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Penna, Suprasanna, and Sushma Naithani. "Understanding the plant's response to global climate change using Omics." Current Plant Biology 29 (January 2022): 100241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2022.100241.
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EICHLIN, THOMAS D., OONA S. DELGADO, LORRAINE W. STRATHIE, COSTAS ZACHARIADES, and JOSE CLAVIJO. "Carmenta chromolaenae Eichlin, a new species (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) for the biological control of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson (Asteraceae)." Zootaxa 2288, no. 1 (2009): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2288.1.2.
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A new species of Sesiidae, Carmenta chromolaenae Eichlin, is described to make the name available to researchers evaluating the moth's potential for biological control of its host plant, Chromolaena odorata, in South Africa and other parts of the plant's invasive range. This clearwing moth species was reared from the host plant in Venezuela. The adult moth, including the male and female genitalia, larva, and pupa are described and illustrated. Its biology and possible use as a control agent are discussed.
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Rao, Marada Srinivasa, S. Praveen Kumar, and Konda Srinivasa Rao. "A Review on Detection of Medical Plant Images." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 4 (2023): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i4.6381.
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Both human and non-human life on Earth depends heavily on plants. The natural cycle is most significantly influenced by plants. Because of the sophistication of recent plant discoveries and the computerization of plants, plant identification is particularly challenging in biology and agriculture. There are a variety of reasons why automatic plant classification systems must be put into place, including instruction, resource evaluation, and environmental protection. It is thought that the leaves of medicinal plants are what distinguishes them. It is an interesting goal to identify the species of plant automatically using the photo identity of their leaves because taxonomists are undertrained and biodiversity is quickly vanishing in the current environment. Due to the need for mass production, these plants must be identified immediately. The physical and emotional health of people must be taken into consideration when developing drugs. To important processing of medical herbs is to identify and classify. Since there aren't many specialists in this field, it might be difficult to correctly identify and categorize medicinal plants. Therefore, a fully automated approach is optimal for identifying medicinal plants. The numerous means for categorizing medicinal plants that take into interpretation based on the silhouette and roughness of a plant's leaf are briefly précised in this article.
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-, Prabhavathi, and Anuradha Mal. "Nutraceutical properties of Vinca rosea." Biomedicine 42, no. 3 (2022): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i3.1459.
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Vinca rosea (C. roseus), a member of the Apocynaceae family, is a popular medicinal plant found in many countries. It's gaining popularity because it's been discovered to have a variety of phytochemicals having a wide range of biological actions, such as free radicle scavenging, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antifungal, and cancer-fighting properties. The most important alkaloids isolated from vinca plant is vincristine and vinblastine. These were the first anticancer medicines obtained from plants to be tested in clinical trials. New indole alkaloids have recently been identified from this plant, including human cancer cell lines which were efficiently suppressed in vitro by 14', 15'-didehydrocyclovinblastine, 17-deacetoxyvinamidine, and 17-deacetoxycyclovinblastine. This plant is high in alkaloids and other secondary metabolites. Vindoline, vindolidine, vindolicine, and vindolinine are some of the important alkaloids found in the leaf extracts of V. rosea which showed anti-diabetic activity in vitro. These findings imply that C. rosea remains a potential bioactive chemical source that warrants more investigation. This study gives a summary of the plant's botanical features, its traditional and current medical uses and phytochemical profiles. In addition, the extracts and bioactive components generated from this plant's supposed health advantages were investigated in order to establish its potential as medicinal agents.
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Baumann, Thomas W. "Some thoughts on the physiology of caffeine in coffee: and a glimpse of metabolite profiling." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 18, no. 1 (2006): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202006000100017.
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Human beings enjoy the flavor and stimulating activity of a cup of coffee without knowing that by doing so, they are part of a 'food web' and receive signals coffee plants build to improve their struggle for life. This review is centered in the first part on the purine alkaloid caffeine and its physiological role in the coffee plant's life cycle. Many of the thoughts and ideas presented here are plain speculation, because the real research revealing the secrets of plant physiology such as e.g. the formation of the coffee bean with all its ingredients, has just started. The recent achievements in molecular biology made it possible to tackle and answer new questions regarding the regulation of secondary metabolism in the coffee plant organs at selected stages of their development. Brazilian research groups have much contributed to the recent progress in molecular biology and physiology of coffee. Among them was Maro R. Söndahl, in commemoration of whom this article has been written. Thus, the second part reports on the very first steps Maro and I made together into a very new field of coffee, that is metabolite profiling. The outcome was amazing and gives an idea of the great potential of this technique to map in future the complex network of the coffee metabolom.
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A., Arul Marcel Moshi, Ravindran D., Sundara Bharathi S.R., Padma S.R., Indran S., and Divya D. "Characterization of natural cellulosic fiber extracted from Grewia damine flowering plant's stem." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 164 (December 2020): 1246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.225.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Plant's biology"
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Rohloff, Jens. "Cultivation of Herbs and Medicinal Plants in Norway - Essential Oil Production and Quality Control." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-415.
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<p>Essential oils (EO) are plant secondary metabolites that are known for their fragrance and food flavour properties. They consist of a complex mixture of mono- and sesquiterpenes, phenyl propanoids and oxygenated compounds. EOs can be present in different plant organs and materials, and their storage is related to specialised secretory structures. The yield of EOs from plant raw materials by distillation or pressing may on average vary from 0.1 – 1%, thus restricting the major EO production to the plant group of aromatic plants. Due to their function as signalling compounds between different types of organisms and diverse biological systems, their general antimicrobial and antioxidative effects and medicinal activity, EOs offer a promising potential for future applications within the fields of agriculture, medicine, pharmaceutical industry and biotechnology.</p><p>Changed consumer demands and raised interest in natural product compounds, especially essential oils, have formed the basis for initiating the research project “Norwegian Herb Production (Norsk Urteproduksjon NUP)” to encourage the cultivation, processing, marketing and distribution of aromatic and medicinal plants. The production, composition and quality characteristics of EOs (yield and terpene composition) from chamomile, lemon balm, oregano, peppermint, sachalinmint, thyme and yarrow have been investigated in the project period between 1994-1998.</p><p>Much focus has been put on the application of <i>solid-phase microextraction</i> (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the analysis of EO volatiles from various aromatic and medicinal plants. SPME is a fast, solvent-free and non- destructive sample preparation technique where the analytes are extracted from fluid or solid matrices by <i>headspace</i> (HS) or <i>direct</i> <i>immersion sampling</i> (DI). Apart from EO isolation by common distillation, the applicability and sensitivity of the SPME fibre has made it feasible to carry out qualitative and semi-quantitative HS analyses of aromatic plants with regard to changes of EO metabolism during ontogenesis and plant development.</p><p>Based on NUP-results from field trials in the period between 1995-1996, the mint species peppermint (<i>Mentha × piperita L</i>.) and sachalinmint (<i>Mentha sachalinensis</i> (Briq.) Kudô) have been studied in detail (Papers B, D and E). Comparative analyses by applying distillation sampling and SPME have been carried out in order to study the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques (Papers B and E). It could be shown, that SPME offers a fast and reliable method for detecting quality-impact compounds from the <i>p</i>-menthane group (menthol, menthone, neomenthol, isomenthone and menthyl acetate). A distinct increase in the menthol/menthone ratio in the basipetal direction could be detected for peppermint and sachalinmint by applying SPME, thus revealing within-plant quality differences according to pharmacopeial requirements. Taking the increase of EO production from the vegetative to the generative growth stage into account, the harvest of mint plants in bloom will result in better EO yield and quality with regard to higher amounts of menthol.</p><p>When applying HS-SPME on complex EO volatile matrices such as known for yarrow (<i>Achillea millefolium L.</i>; Paper C), one might deal with fibre-partitioning effects of the different mono- and sesquiterpenes due to their physical and chemical properties. Despite these disadvantages, HS-SPME appears to be a sensitive extraction method for the screening of EO volatiles from complex sample matrices. Comparative analyses of volatiles from rose root rhizomes (<i>Rhodiola rosea L.</i>) have been carried out in order to characterize the rose-like odour compounds (Paper F). A total of 75 and 59 compounds have been identified by distillation sampling and HS-SPME, respectively, thus underscoring the excellent extraction properties and applicability of the SPME fibre.</p><p>Paper A gives a brief overview of EO biosynthesis and chemical structures, plant sources and methods of EO production. Before leading over to the main topic of HS-SPME applications by referring to numerous examples from the research work at The Plant Biocenter in the past 5 years, an introduction of solid-phase microextraction with regard to devices, procedures and extraction parameters is given.</p><p>The advantages and disadvantages of distillation vs. SPME are outlined on the background of comparative analyses of peppermint, chamomile, basil and dill. Furthermore, the utilization of HS-SPME for quantitative studies with regard to extraction time and analyte concentration is being highlighted. Examples for the screening of chemotypes (hops −<i>Humulus lupulus</i> L.) and cultivars (dill – <i>Anethum graveolens</i> L.) and ontogenetic studies are given (<i>Mentha</i> species; arnica −<i>Arnica montana</i> L.). Finally, the applicability of HS-SPME for the quality assessment of processed herbs (sweet basil −<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.) and phytomedicinal preparations (red coneflower – <i>Echinacea purpurea</i> L.) is being discussed.</p><p>The advantages of HS-SPME over classical distillation and headspace applications are impressive due to drastically reduced analysis time and will introduce new frontiers in plant volatile research with regard to secondary metabolism, plant-insect interactions and <i>in vivo</i> studies. The user-friendliness of operating SPME will initiate the development of future applications and equipment for the monitoring of volatiles for plant biological and environmental studies, extraction automation, on-site sampling and on-fibre storage of analytes.</p><br>Paper VI reprinted with kind permission of Elsevier, Sciencedirect, www.sciencedirect.com
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Hadj, Amor Khaoula. "Classification et inférence de réseaux de gènes à partir de séries temporelles très courtes : application à la modélisation de la mémoire transcriptionnelle végétale associée à des stimulations sonores répétées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES037.
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Les avancées des nouvelles technologies de séquençage ont ouvert l'accès aux données d'expression dynamique des gènes à l'échelle du génome. Les approches ensemblistes classiques, habituellement utilisées en biologie, ne permettent pas la compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires complexes sous-jacents. Par conséquent, le développement de méthodes analytiques permettant d'appréhender de manière plus satisfaisante ce type de données représente un défi majeur pour la biologie contemporaine. Cependant, les coûts techniques et expérimentaux associés aux données de transcriptomiques limitent la dimension des jeux de données réels et, par conséquent, leurs méthodes d'analyse. Au cours de ma thèse, à l'interface entre les mathématiques appliquées et la biologie végétale, j'ai travaillé sur la mise en place d'une méthode d'inférence de réseaux de régulations dynamiques adaptée à un jeu de données réelles et originales décrivant l'effet de stimulations sonores répétées sur l'expression des gènes d'Arabidopsis thaliana. J'ai ainsi proposé une méthode de classification adaptée aux séries temporelles très courtes qui regroupe les gènes par variations temporelles, permettant d'ajuster la dimension des données à l'inférence de réseau. La comparaison de cette méthode aux méthodes classiques a permis de montrer qu'elle était la plus adaptée aux séries temporelles très courtes avec un pas de temps irrégulier. Pour l'inférence de réseau dynamique, j'ai proposé un modèle qui prend en compte la variabilité intra-classe et qui intègre un terme constant décrivant explicitement la stimulation externe du système. L'évaluation de ces méthodes de classification et d'inférence a été effectuée sur des données de séries temporelles simulées et réelles, ce qui a permis d'établir la bonne qualité des performance en terme de précision, de rappel et d'erreur de prédiction. L'implémentation de ces méthodes a permis d'étudier le priming de la réponse immunitaire d'Arabidopsis thaliana par des ondes sonores répétées. Nous avons montré l'existence de la formation d'une mémoire transcriptionnelle associée aux stimulations qui fait passer la plante d'un état naïf à un état primé et plus résistant en 3 jours. Cet état résistant, entretenu d'une part par les stimulations et d'autre part par des cascades de facteurs de transcription, augmente la résistance immunitaire de la plante en déclenchant l'expression de gènes de résistance chez la plante saine, en diversifiant le nombre de gènes participant à la réponse immunitaire et en intensifiant l'expression de nombreux gènes de résistance. L'inférence du réseau décrivant la mémoire transcriptionnelle associée aux stimulations sonores répétées nous a permis d'identifier les propriétés qu'elle confère à la plante. Ces prédictions, validées expérimentalement, ont montré par exemple que l'augmentation de la cadence entre stimulations ne permettait pas d'obtenir un gain de résistance plus conséquent et que la mémoire transcriptionnelle ne dure que 1.5 jours après la dernière stimulation<br>Advancements in new sequencing technologies have paved the way for accessing dynamic gene expression data on a genome-wide scale. Classical ensemble approaches traditionally used in biology fall short of comprehending the underlying the complex molecular mechanisms. Consequently, developing analytical methods to understand further such data poses a significant challenge for current biology. However, the technical and experimental costs associated with transcriptomic data severely limit the dimension of real datasets and their analytical methods. Throughout my thesis, at the intersection of applied mathematics and plant biology, I focused on implementing an inference method for dynamic regulatory networks tailored to a real and original dataset describing the effect of repeated acoustic stimulations on genes expressions of Arabidopsis thaliana. I proposed a clustering method adapted to very-short time series that groups genes based on temporal variations, adjusting the data dimension for network inference. The comparison of this method with classical methods showed that it was the most suitable for very-short time series with irregular time points. For the network inference, I proposed a model that takes into account intra-class variability and integrates a constant term explicitly describing the external stimulation of the system. The evaluation of these classification and inference methods was conducted on simulated and real-time series data, which established their high performance in terms of accuracy, recall, and prediction error. The implementation of these methods to study the priming of the immune response of Arabidopsis thaliana through repeated sound waves. We demonstrated the formation of a transcriptional memory associated with stimulations, transitioning the plant from a naïve state to a primed and more resistant state within 3 days. This resistant state, maintained by stimulations and transcription factor cascades, enhances the plant's immune resistance by triggering the expression of resistance genes in healthy plants, diversifying the number of genes involved in the immune response, and intensifying the expression of numerous resistance genes. The inference of the network describing the transcriptional memory associated with repeated sound stimulations allowed us to identify the properties conferred to plants. Experimentally validated predictions showed that increasing the frequency between stimulations does not result in a more significant resistance gain, and the transcriptional memory lasts only 1.5 days after the last stimulation
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Sakamoto, Tetsu. "The tomato RLK superfamily: phylogeny and functional predictions about the role of the LRRII- RLK subfamily in antiviral defense." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4804.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-03<br>Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais<br>Receptores cinases (RLKs) compõem uma grande famíla de proteínas transmembrânicas que possuem funções importantes na propagação e percepção de sinais celulares nas plantas. Em Arabidopsis thaliana, a superfamília de RLK é composta de mais de 600 membros e vários destes, principalmente aqueles que possuem repetições ricas em leucina (LRR), são considerados excelentes alvos para manipulação molecular em cultivares superiores no intuito de aumentar a produtividade e a resistência contra estresses bióticos e abióticos. A subfamília LRRII é particularmente relevante neste aspecto uma vez que seus membros apresentam funções duplas tanto no desenvolvimento quanto na resposta de defesa da planta. Apesar da relevância desta superfamília e da recente finalização do sequenciamento do genoma de tomateiro, a superfamília de RLK de tomate ainda não se encontra caracterizada e são poucos os trabalhos que analisaram a função biológica de seus membros. Neste trabalho, foi construído um inventário completo dos membros da superfamília de RLK de tomate. Para identificar os membros da superfamília RLK em tomate, foi realizado uma análise filogenética utilizando a superfamília de RLK de Arabidopsis como modelo. Um total de 647 RLKs foram recuperados do genoma de tomate e estes encontravam- se organizados no mesmo clado das subfamílias de RLKs de Arabidopsis. Apenas oito das 58 subfamílias exibiram expansão/redução específica no número de menbros comparado com Arabidopsis e apenas seis RLKs foram específicos em tomate, indicando que os RLKs de tomate compartilham aspectos funcionais e estruturais com os RLKs de Arabidopsis. Também foi caracterizado a subfamília LRRII através de análises filogenéticos, genômico, expressão gênica e interação com o fator de virulência de begomovírus, o nuclear shuttle protein (NSP). Os membros da subfamília LRRII de tomate e Arabidopsis demonstraram-se altamente conservados tanto em sequência quanto em estrutura. No entanto, a maioria dos pares ortólogos não mostraram conservados em relação à expressão gênica, indicando que estes ortólogos tenham se divergido na função após a especiação do ancestral comum entre o tomate e Arabidopsis. Baseado no fato de que membros de RLKs de Arabidopsis (NIK1, NIK2, NIK3 e NsAK) interagem com o NSP de begomovirus, foi verificado se ortólogos de NIKs, BAK1 e NsAK interagem com o NSP de Tomato Yellow Spot Virus (ToYSV). Os ortólogos dos genes que interagem com o NSP em tomate, SlNIKs e SlNsAK, interagiram especificamente com NSP na levedura e demonstraram um padrão de expressão consistente com o padrão de infecção de geminivírus. Além de sugerir uma analogia funcional entre estes ortólogos, estes resultados confirmam a observação anterior de que as interações NSP-NIK não são específicos para um vírus ou para um hospedeiro. Portanto, a sinalização antiviral mediado por NIK provavelmente ocorre em tomate, sugerindo que NIKs de tomate sejam alvos potenciais para manipular a resistência contra begomovírus que infectam esta planta.<br>Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) represent a large family of transmembrane proteins that play important roles in cellular signaling perception and propagation in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the RLK superfamily is made-up of over 600 proteins and many of these RLKs, mainly those bearing leucine-rich repeats (LRR), have been considered as excellent targets for engineering superior crops with enhancement of yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The LRRII-RLK subfamily is particularly relevant due to the dual function of its members in both development and defense. In spite of the relevance of the RLK family and the completion of the tomato genome sequencing, the tomato RLK family has not been characterized and a framework for functional predictions of the members of the family is lacking. In this investigation we disclosed a complete inventory of the members of the tomato RLK family. To generate a complete list of all members of the tomato RLK superfamily, we performed a phylogenetic analysis using the Arabidopsis RLKs as a template. A total of 647 RLKs were identified in the tomato genome, which were organized into the same RLK subfamily clades as Arabidopsis. Only eight of 58 RLK subfamilies exhibited specific expansion/reduction compared to their Arabidopsis counterparts and only six proteins were lineage-specific in tomato, indicating that the tomato RLKs share functional and structural conservation with Arabidopsis. We also characterized the LRRII-RLK family by phylogeny, genomic analysis, expression profile and interaction with the virulence factor from begomoviruses, the nuclear shuttle protein (NSP). The LRRII subfamily members from tomato and Arabidopsis were highly conserved in both sequence and structure. Nevertheless, the majority of the orthologous pairs did not display similar conservation in the gene expression profile, indicating that these orthologs may have diverged in function after speciation of tomato and Arabidopsis common ancestor. Based on the fact that members of the Arabidopsis RLK superfamily (NIK1, NIK2, NIK3 and NsAK) interact with the begomovirus nuclear shuttle protein (NSP), we examined whether the tomato orthologs of NIK, BAK1 and NsAK genes interacted with NSP of Tomato Yellow Spot Virus (ToYSV). The tomato orthologs of NSP interactors, SlNIKs and SlNsAK, interacted specifically with NSP in yeast and displayed an expression pattern consistent with the pattern of geminivirus infection. In addition to suggesting a functional analogy between these phylogenetically classified orthologs, these results expand our previous observation that NSP-NIK interactions are neither virus-specific nor host-specific. Therefore, NIK-mediated antiviral signalling is also likely to operate in tomato, suggesting that tomato NIKs may be good targets for engineering resistance against tomato-infecting begomoviruses.
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Firetti-Leggieri, Fabiana. "Biossistematica das especies do complexo Anemopaegma arvense (Vell.) Stellf. ex de Souza (Bignoniaceae, Bignonieae) = aspectos anatomicos, citologicos, moleculares, morfologicos e reprodutivos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315193.
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: O complexo Anemopaegma arvense é constituído por espécies e variedades de difícil delimitação. As opiniões dos taxonomistas, baseadas em caracteres morfológicos, são controversas em considerálas uma única espécie altamente polimórfica ou separá-las. Com o intuito de auxiliar na circunscrição de tais táxons, realizou-se um estudo biossistemático que englobou os seguintes assuntos: morfologia e morfometria de caracteres vegetativos e reprodutivos, anatomia da lâmina foliolar, contagem cromossômica, aplicação de marcadores AFLP para a delimitação genética, fenologia, biologia floral e polinização, sistema reprodutivo e hibridação e, poliembrionia em espécies do gênero com distintos níveis de ploidia. As morfoespécies do complexo diferem principalmente na morfologia foliar, sendo os táxons de Anemopaegma acutifolium caracterizados por folíolos elípticos a estreitamente oblanceolados com razão comprimento/largura do folíolo 3,5 a 18,5, os de A. arvense por folíolos lineares a estreitamente oblanceolados (razão 22,2 a 45,5) e, A. glaucum por folíolos largamente oblanceolados, oblongos a obovados (razão entre 1,69 e 3,9). A partir de caracteres morfológicos, como crescimento indeterminado dos ramos, exclui-se A. scabriusculum do complexo. O estudo morfométrico de caracteres foliares se mostrou útil para a separação das espécies. Já a morfometria de caracteres reprodutivos não foi informativa para a delimitação de tais táxons. Anatomicamente, as espécies e morfoespécies do complexo diferem quanto à disposição dos estômatos, tipo de epiderme constituição do sistema vascular da nervura mediana e composição da bainha dos feixes vasculares das nervuras laterais. Dentre as morfoespécies de A. acutifolium, A. acutifolium "típica" difere das demais por possuir folíolos anfiestomáticos e A. acutifolium "sarmentosa" por apresentar epiderme da face adaxial com desdobramentos pontuais. Já A. arvense é caracterizada pela ausência de cordões floemáticos no sistema vascular da nervura mediana e por possuir a margem destituída de parênquima fundamental subepidérmico. As morfoespécies de A. glaucum, "típica" da Bahia e "não glauca", são diferenciadas das demais pela ausência de calotas de fibras sobre o xilema nas nervuras laterais de grande e médio calibre. A. scabriusculum difere das outras espécies por possuir extensão de bainha nos feixes vasculares de grande e médio calibre e estômatos agrupados nas regiões internervurais com câmaras subestomáticas unidas. A contagem cromossômica revelou a condição poliplóide das espécies e morfoespécies do complexo, tendo estas 2n = 80. Os marcadores AFLP, apesar de serem bastante utilizados para a separação de táxons em nível infra-específico, não se mostraram eficientes para a delimitação das espécies do complexo Anemopaegma arvense. Quanto ao comportamento fenológico, A. acutifolium, A. arvense e A. glaucum apresentaram eventos anuais de brotamento, floração e frutificação. Já os indivíduos de A. scabriusculum têm dois a três eventos de floração e frutificação por ano. As flores das espécies são bastante semelhantes quanto à morfologia e recursos produzidos e são polinizadas pelas mesmas espécies de abelhas. Através de polinizações controladas constatou-se que tais espécies são auto-compatíveis e interférteis, havendo, portanto, alta probabilidade de formação de híbridos em populações simpátricas destas espécies. Notou-se uma relação positiva entre poliploidia e poliembrionia nas espécies do gênero aqui abordadas, tendo as sementes das espécies poliplóides mais de um embrião e as da espécie diplóide, A. album, somente um embrião.<br>Abstract: Anemopaegma arvense complex is constituted by species and varieties of difficult delimiting. Taxonomists opinions based upon morphologic features are controversial as to considering them either an only highly polymorphic species or separating them into different taxa. In order to help with the circumscription of such taxa, a biosystematic study was conducted which included the following subjects: morphology and morphometry of vegetative and reproductive features, leaflet blade anatomy, chromosome counting, AFLP markers application for genetic delimitation, phenology , floral biology and pollination, reproductive system and hybridization and polyembryony of the genus species with different ploidy levels .The morphs of the complex differ mainly in leaf morphology where the Anemopaegma acutifolium taxa are characterized by elliptical leaflets with the lengh / width ratio of leaflet falling within the range 3,5 to 18,5; A. arvense characterized by linear leaflets to narrowly oblanceolate (ratio between 22,2 and 45,5) and, A. glaucum by leaflets broadly oblanceolate, from oblong to obovate (ratio between 1,69 and 3,9).Taking into account morphologic features such as undetermined growth of the branches, A. scabriusculum may be excluded off the complex. The morphometric study of the leaf features has been found useful for species separation. However, the morphometry of reproductive features were not informative enough for the delimitation of such taxa. Anatomically, the species and morphs of the complex differ from one another as to the stomata disposition, epidermis type, vascular system constitution of the midrib and, composition of the vascular bundle of the lateral veins. Among the A. acutifolium morphs, A. acutifolium "típica" differs from the others for possessing anphistomatic leaflets and, A. acutifolium "sarmentosa" for presenting the adaxial face epidermis with punctual unfoldings. As for A. arvense, it is characterized by the absence of phloematic strings in the midrib vascular system and parenchyma absent in the marginal region. As for the two morphs, A. glaucum "típica" of Bahia and "não glauca", they are differentiated from the others by the absence of fibers caps on the xilem on the lateral ribs of large and medium caliber. A. scabriusculum differs from the other species for possessing extension sheath in the vascular bundles of large and medium caliber and, stomata grouped between vascular bundles presenting substomatic cameras linked to one another. The chromosome counting revealed polyploidy condition of the species and the morphs of the complex, those presenting 2n = 80. The AFLP markers, in spite of being quite utilized for taxa separation in an infraspecific level, were not found efficient for the species delimitation of Anemopaegma arvense complex. With relation to the phenologic behavior, A. acutifolium, A. arvense and A. glaucum presented annual events of sprouting, blooming and fructification. However, A. scabriusculumindividuals presented two to three blooming and fructification events a year. The flowers of the species are very similar to one another as to their morphology and to the resources provided by them and are pollinated by the same species of bees. Through controlled pollinations, it could be verified, that such species are self- ompatible and inter fertile, bearing, therefore, high probability of hybrid formation in sympatric populations of those species. A positive relationship between polyploidy and polyembryony in the species of the genus studied here was observed, as well as the fact that more than one embryo were found for polyploidy species seeds whereas for diploid species, A. album, only one embryo has been registered.<br>Doutorado<br>Doutor em Biologia Vegetal
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Brickman, Jacklyn E. "Experiments in Biological Planet Formation and Plants: Nourishing Bodies, Nourishing Planets." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595340630648528.
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Carvalho, Paula Andréa Sampaio de Vasconcelos [UNESP]. "Concentração de resveratrol e expressão de resveratrol sintase em espécies de Arichis." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108549.
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000753267.pdf: 1148159 bytes, checksum: e46fd3be4a1e5a94f82f31452ef03554 (MD5)<br>O resveratrol é uma fitoalexina produzida em função de estresses bióticos e abióticos e foi encontrado em um número limitado de espécies de plantas, incluindo o amendoim (Arachis hypogaea) e seus parentes silvestres. Este tem também propriedades antioxidantes e em função disso é um promissor antitumoral, cardioprotetor e neuroprotetor. O amendoim é um alotetraploide de constituição genômica AB sendo A. ipaënsis e A. duranensis os doadores de seus genomas B e A, respectivamente. Estudos prévios demonstraram que algumas espécies silvestres do gênero Arachis produzem resveratrol e que ampla variabilidade genética para diferentes características existe entre acessos das espécies silvestres, incluindo ampla variação nos níveis de resistência a doenças fúngicas e nematoides. Portanto, a avaliação de um maior número do gênero e a investigação da variação da produção de resveratrol também entre acessos é fundamental para uma exploração mais adequada das espécies silvestres do gênero Arachis. O melhor entendimento das causas da variação na produção de resveratrol sem dúvida contribuirá para o uso das mesmas e o primeiro passo para esse entendimento sem duvida passa pela identificação do padrão de expressão da resveratrol sintase (RS). Este trabalho tem como objetivos avaliar a variação na produção de resveratrol entre espécies (A. hypogaea, A. stenosperma, A. valida, A. wiliamsii, A. duranensis, A. ipaënsis e um anfidiploide sintético proveniente do cruzamento artificial entre A. duranensis e A. ipaënsis) e entre acessos de duas espécies(A. hypogaea e A. stenosperma) por meio de HPLC e avaliar a expressão relativa da resveratrol sintase por meio de RT-qPCR em A. hypogaea, A. duranensis, A. ipaënsis e um anfidiploide sintético. Folhas foram coletadas de plantas cultivadas em casa de vegetação para os grupos teste e controle e três repetições biológicas ...<br>Resveratrol is a phytoalexin produced under biotic and abiotic stresses. It has been found in a restricted number of plant species including peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and its wild relatives. This phytochemical has antioxidant properties, being considered a promising antitumour, cardioprotective and neuroprotective agent. Peanut is an allotetraploid specie with an AABB genomic constitution. Arachis ipaënsis and A. duranensis are the donors of the B genome and the A genome, respectively. Previous studies have shown that wild species of the genus Arachis can produce resveratrol. Therefore, the evaluation of other species of thus genus and the analysis of the variation in the production of resveratrol between accessions is essential for better exploitation of wild species in the genus Arachis. It also important the understanding of the variation in resveratrol concentration between species and accessions and that could be reached through the better understating of the role resveratrol synthase.. . The aims of this work were to evaluate the variation in resveratrol production between species (A. hypogaea, A. stenosperma, A. valida, A. wiliamsii, A. duranensis, A. ipaënsis and in a synthetic amphidiploid derived from these two wild species A. duranensis and A. ipaënsis) and between accessions of the same specie (A. hypogaea and A. stenosperma) through HPLC, and to quantify the expression of resveratrol synthase by RT-qPCR in A. hypogaea, A. duranensis, A. ipaënsis and in a synthetic amphidiploid. Leaves for the test and control groups were collected from plants cultivated in a greenhouse and three biological replicates were evaluated for each specie. The synthesis of resveratrol in leaves was induced by treatment with UV for 2 hours and thirty minutes and then the difference in the concentration of resveratrol between species and between the accessions and cultivars of the same species was analyzed. We found new ...
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Carvalho, Paula Andréa Sampaio de Vasconcelos. "Concentração de resveratrol e expressão de resveratrol sintase em espécies de Arichis /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108549.
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Orientador: Marcos Aparecido Gimenes<br>Coorientador: Tânia da Silveira Agostini Costa<br>Coorientador: Ana Cristina Miranda Brasileiro<br>Banca: Marcia Ortiz Mayo Marques<br>Banca: Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva<br>Resumo: O resveratrol é uma fitoalexina produzida em função de estresses bióticos e abióticos e foi encontrado em um número limitado de espécies de plantas, incluindo o amendoim (Arachis hypogaea) e seus parentes silvestres. Este tem também propriedades antioxidantes e em função disso é um promissor antitumoral, cardioprotetor e neuroprotetor. O amendoim é um alotetraploide de constituição genômica AB sendo A. ipaënsis e A. duranensis os doadores de seus genomas B e A, respectivamente. Estudos prévios demonstraram que algumas espécies silvestres do gênero Arachis produzem resveratrol e que ampla variabilidade genética para diferentes características existe entre acessos das espécies silvestres, incluindo ampla variação nos níveis de resistência a doenças fúngicas e nematoides. Portanto, a avaliação de um maior número do gênero e a investigação da variação da produção de resveratrol também entre acessos é fundamental para uma exploração mais adequada das espécies silvestres do gênero Arachis. O melhor entendimento das causas da variação na produção de resveratrol sem dúvida contribuirá para o uso das mesmas e o primeiro passo para esse entendimento sem duvida passa pela identificação do padrão de expressão da resveratrol sintase (RS). Este trabalho tem como objetivos avaliar a variação na produção de resveratrol entre espécies (A. hypogaea, A. stenosperma, A. valida, A. wiliamsii, A. duranensis, A. ipaënsis e um anfidiploide sintético proveniente do cruzamento artificial entre A. duranensis e A. ipaënsis) e entre acessos de duas espécies(A. hypogaea e A. stenosperma) por meio de HPLC e avaliar a expressão relativa da resveratrol sintase por meio de RT-qPCR em A. hypogaea, A. duranensis, A. ipaënsis e um anfidiploide sintético. Folhas foram coletadas de plantas cultivadas em casa de vegetação para os grupos teste e controle e três repetições biológicas ...<br>Abstract: Resveratrol is a phytoalexin produced under biotic and abiotic stresses. It has been found in a restricted number of plant species including peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and its wild relatives. This phytochemical has antioxidant properties, being considered a promising antitumour, cardioprotective and neuroprotective agent. Peanut is an allotetraploid specie with an AABB genomic constitution. Arachis ipaënsis and A. duranensis are the donors of the B genome and the A genome, respectively. Previous studies have shown that wild species of the genus Arachis can produce resveratrol. Therefore, the evaluation of other species of thus genus and the analysis of the variation in the production of resveratrol between accessions is essential for better exploitation of wild species in the genus Arachis. It also important the understanding of the variation in resveratrol concentration between species and accessions and that could be reached through the better understating of the role resveratrol synthase.. . The aims of this work were to evaluate the variation in resveratrol production between species (A. hypogaea, A. stenosperma, A. valida, A. wiliamsii, A. duranensis, A. ipaënsis and in a synthetic amphidiploid derived from these two wild species A. duranensis and A. ipaënsis) and between accessions of the same specie (A. hypogaea and A. stenosperma) through HPLC, and to quantify the expression of resveratrol synthase by RT-qPCR in A. hypogaea, A. duranensis, A. ipaënsis and in a synthetic amphidiploid. Leaves for the test and control groups were collected from plants cultivated in a greenhouse and three biological replicates were evaluated for each specie. The synthesis of resveratrol in leaves was induced by treatment with UV for 2 hours and thirty minutes and then the difference in the concentration of resveratrol between species and between the accessions and cultivars of the same species was analyzed. We found new ...<br>Mestre
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Jin, Xin. "Isoprenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation in higher plants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667579.
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Aquesta tesi es centra principalment en l'anàlisi funcional i la caracterització dels gens que codifiquen per a alguns metabòlits secundaris i en l’estudi de la seva regulació en les plantes. Els objectius generals varen ser (a) entendre millor la regulació transcripcional del gen de la biosíntesi dels carotenoids, la β-carotè hidroxilasa 2 (BCH2) en el blat de moro i (b) l'anàlisi funcional de les dues isopentenil difosfat isomerasas (OsIPPI) d'arròs i determinar la seva localització subcel·lular. Simultàniament, es va estudiar com la llum afecta la via metabòlica i a la producció de pelargonidina en l'arròs; es van identificar també els gens essencials de la seva biosíntesi en Gentiana lutea L. var. aurantiaca.
Les plantes de blat de moro i arròs es varen transformar amb els gens dels factors de transcripció ZmMYB i ZmPBF. Es va analitzar l’expressió gènica transitòria i es va realitzar transformació estable. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que tant ZmPBF com ZmGAMYB poden transactivar l'expressió de ZmBCH2 a l’endosperm del blat de moro, i ZmPBF i ZmGAMYB transactiven independentment el promotor de ZmBCH2 en arròs. Els dos paràlegs de IPPI (OsIPPI1 i OsIPPI2) aïllats prèviament en arròs varen tenir un patró d'expressió diferent; l'ARNm de OsIPPI1 va ser més abundant que l'ARNm de OsIPPI2 en tots els teixits. Es va usar la microscòpia de fluorescència confocal i microscòpia inmunoelectrónica per determinar la localització de les dues proteïnes. Aquestes es localitzen en el reticle endoplasmàtic (RE), així com en els peroxisomes i les mitocòndries, mentre que només es va detectar OsIPPI2 en els plastidis. La detecció d'ambdues isoformes en el RE indica que DMAPP es pot sintetitzar de novo en aquest compartiment. Diferents tècniques com UPLC, GC-MS i qRT-PCR també es varen utilitzar per perfilar els metabòlits primaris i secundaris i l'expressió gènica relacionada en plàntules d'arròs des-etioladas. Els resultats varen revelar que el metabolisme primari i secundari i els gens corresponents estan regulats per la llum, especialment en la biosíntesi d'isoprenoides en fulles d'arròs. Onze derivats de pelargonidina es varen identificar en els pètals de G. lutea i es varen perfilar els gens de la seva via de biosíntesi, revelant que DFR, ANS i 3GT afecten principalment a l'acumulació dels glucòsids de pelargonidina. Tots aquests resultats suggereixen la idea que la biosíntesi dels carotenoids en plantes superiors és regulada a diferents nivells.<br>Esta tesis se centra principalmente en el análisis funcional y en la caracterización de los genes que codifican para algunos metabolitos secundarios y en el estudio de su regulación en las plantas. Los objetivos generales fueron (a) profundizar en el conocimiento de la regulación transcripcional del gen de la biosíntesis de los carotenoides, la β-caroteno hidroxilasa 2 (BCH2) en el maíz, y (b) analizar la función de las dos isopentenil difosfato isomerasas (OsIPPI) de arroz, determinando además su localización subcelular. Simultáneamente, se estudió cómo la luz afecta a la vía metabólica y a la producción de pelargonidina en el arroz; se identificaron también los genes esenciales de su biosíntesis en Gentiana lutea L. var. aurantiaca.
Las plantas de maíz y arroz se transformaron con los genes de los factores de transcripción ZmMYB y ZmPBF. Se analizó la expresión génica transitoria y se realizó transformación estable. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que tanto ZmPBF como ZmGAMYB pueden transactivar la expresión de ZmBCH2 en endospermo de maíz, y ZmPBF y ZmGAMYB transactivar independientemente el promotor de ZmBCH2 en arroz. Los dos parálogos de IPPI (OsIPPI1 y OsIPPI2) aislados previamente en arroz tuvieron un patrón de expresión diferente; el ARNm de OsIPPI1 fue más abundante que el ARNm de OsIPPI2 en todos los tejidos. Se usó la microscopía de fluorescencia confocal y microscopía inmunoelectrónica para determinar la localización de ambas proteínas. Estas se localizan en el retículo endoplásmico (RE), así como en los peroxisomas y las mitocondrias, mientras que solo se detectó OsIPPI2 en los plastidios. La detección de ambas isoformas en el RE indica que DMAPP se puede sintetizar de novo en este compartimiento. Diferentes técnicas como UPLC, GC-MS y qRT-PCR también se utilizaron para perfilar los metabolitos primarios y secundarios y la expresión génica en plántulas de arroz des-etioladas. Los resultados revelaron que los genes involucrados en la en el metabolismo primario y secundario están regulados por la luz, especialmente en la biosíntesis de isoprenoides en hojas de arroz. Once derivados de pelargonidina se identificaron en los pétalos de G. lutea y se perfilaron los genes de la vía de biosíntesis, revelando que DFR, ANS y 3GT afectan principalmente a la acumulación de los glucósidos de pelargonidina. Todos estos resultados contribuyen al conocimiento, a diferentes niveles, de la regulación de las rutas biosinteticas de los carotenoides en plantas superiores.<br>This thesis mainly focuses on functional analysis and characterization of a number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes and the regulation of the corresponding secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway in plants. The overall aims were to elucidate the transcriptional regulation of β-carotene hydroxylase 2 gene (BCH2) in maize, the functional analysis of rice isopentenyl diphosphate isomerases (OsIPPI), and determine their subcellular localization. Simultaneously, the influence of light on the metabolic pathway in rice was studied and the pelargonidin quantification and essential pelargonidin biosynthesis genes in Gentiana lutea L. var. aurantiaca were identified.
Maize and rice plants were transformed with transcription factor genes ZmMYB and ZmPBF, via transient gene expression and stable transformation respectively. The results indicated that both ZmPBF and ZmGAMYB can transactivate ZmBCH2 expression in maize endosperm and ZmPBF and ZmGAMYB independently transactivate the ZmBCH2 promoter in rice. The two IPPI paralogs (OsIPPI1 and OsIPPI2) isolated previously in rice had a different expression pattern; OsIPPI1 mRNA was more abundant than OsIPPI2 mRNA in all tissues. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and immuno-electron microscopy were used to determine the localization of both proteins. These localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as peroxisomes and mitochondria, whereas only OsIPPI2 was detected in plastids. The detection of both isoforms in the ER indicates that DMAPP can be synthesized de novo in this compartment. UPLC, GC-MS and qRT-PCR were used to profile the primary and secondary metabolites and gene expression in de-etioleted rice seedlings. The results revealed both primary and secondary metabolism and the corresponding genes are regulated by light, especially isoprenoids biosynthesis in rice leaves. Eleven pelargonidin derivatives were identified in the petals of G. lutea and the biosynthetic pathway genes were profiled, revealing DFR, ANS and 3GT mainly affect the accumulation of pelargonidin glucosides. Collectively my results provide novel insights of the regulation of carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis in higher plants at different levels.
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Smith, Madeleine Joy. "The biology and molecular biology of Polymyxa species and their interactions with plants and viruses." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3792/.
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Polymyxa graminis and Polymyxa betae are obligate, intracellular, root-infecting organisms of cereals (P. graminis) and members of the Chenopodiacae (P. betae). Between the two species, they transmit approximately 15 economically important plant viruses. These include Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus, Barley yellow mosaic virus and Beet necrotic yellow vein virus and together, cover a world-wide distribution. Recent ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence data has shown that temperate isolates of P. graminis belong to two groups or ‘ribotypes’ based on sequence differences in the internal transcribed spacer region. P. betae sequences belong to a third group. These ribotypes appear to differ in host range and ability to transmit viruses. It has been suggested that particular ribotypes have different host specificities or preferences and are involved in the transmission of specific viruses. There were three major areas of work. Firstly the determination of host-virusribotype associations. One approach was to inoculate plants containing virus with specific ribotypes and monitor onward transmission of the virus to a susceptible host. Another approach used plants grown in infested soils to bait any Polymyxa present, then plants were tested for the Polymyxa ribotypes and viruses present. This work confirmed the association between ribotype II and SBCMV and SBWMV, using viruses from a wider range of geographic locations. It also identified a previously unknown role for transmission of Furoviruses by P. graminis ribotype I. Examination of the phylogenetic relationships of Polymyxa ribotypes using rDNA sequences revealed two new ribotype groups. Whilst ribotype groups II, IV and V always form a clade together, the relationship of the other P. graminis ribotypes and P. betae is still not well resolved. Finally, for the first time, infection of Arabidopsis by Polymyxa (P. betae and P. graminis) was demonstrated, showing that this model system could be used to study Polymyxa-host interactions.
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Almeida, Juliana Dantas de. "Origem, evolução e direcionamento da proteína THI1 em plantas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-03082004-152655/.
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THI1 é provavelmente uma proteína bifuncional, uma vez que está envolvida na biossíntese de tiamina e na estabilidade do DNA organelar, notadamente o mitocondrial. Interessantemente, a biossíntese de tiamina ocorre em compartimentos distintos em plantas (cloroplastos) e em leveduras (mitocôndrias). Ensaios de complementação funcional mostraram que o gene thi1 de Arabidopsis thaliana é capaz de complementar uma cepa mutante de levedura para o gene ortólogo. A proteína THI1 de Arabidopsis thaliana é codificada por um único gene. Uma análise detalhada da região N-terminal da proteína, responsável pela sua localização na células, revelou a presença de duas sequências de direcionamento adjacentes. Na extremidade N-terminal encontra-se um peptídeo de trânsito cloroplástico seguida por uma região capaz de formar uma α-hélice anfifílica, tipicamente encontrada em pré-sequências de direcionamento mitocondriais. Com o objetivo de avaliar se a localização final de THI1 pode apresentar um tipo de regulação temporal ou espacial, foram obtidas plantas transgênicas expressando a proteína THI1 fundida a GFP ("green fluorescent protein"). Análises dessas plantas por meio de microscopia confocal revelaram que THI1 está presente majoritariamente em cloroplastos e raramente em mitocôndrias. Ao contrário do que acontece em Arabidopsis thaliana, em cana de açúcar foram encontrados pelo menos três isoformas/parálogos de thi1. O alinhamento da seqüência de aminoácidos dessas isoformas com a THI1 de Arabidopsis thaliana revelou alta similaridade, inclusive na seqüência de direcionamento. Com o intuito de avaliar o padrão de direcionamento dessas isoformas de cana de açúcar foram obtidas construções gênicas contendo ou a seqüência de direcionamento completa ou o peptídeo de trânsito cloroplástico ou a pré-seqüência mitocondrial, fundidas a GFP sob o comando do promotor 35S. A expressão transiente dessas construções em epiderme de cebola, revelou que no caso das construções contendo a seqüência de direcionamento completa ou o peptídeo de trânsito, o direcionamento ocorreu apenas para os cloroplastos. No caso das construções contendo somente a seqüência de direcionamento mitocondrial a GFP permaneceu difundida no citoplasma. Além do aspecto do direcionamento, THI1 foi avaliada sob o ponto de vista filogenético. As análises filogenéticas mostram que thi1 é raramente encontrado em bactérias mas é amplamente distribuído em Archaea. As distâncias genéticas indicam que provavelmente os eucariontes herdaram thi1 de Archaea. As poucas bactérias que possuem esse gene provavelmente obtiveram-no por meio de herança horizontal.<br>THI1 is probably a bifunctional protein, since it is involved in thiamin biosynthesis and organelar genome stability mainly the mitochondrial. Interestingly, the thiamin biosynthesis occurs at different compartments in plants (chloroplasts) and yeasts (mitochondria). Functional complementation assays showed that Arabidopsis thaliana thi1 gene is able to complement a yeast mutant strain for the hortolog gene. The Arabidopsis thaliana THI1 is encoded by a single copy gene. A detailed analysis of the THI1 N-terminal region, that is responsible for its targeting in cells, reveled the presence of two in tanden directing sequences. At N-terminal region there is a chloroplastic transit peptide followed by a region able to form an anfifilic α-helix frequently present in mitochondrial presequences. Aiming to evaluate if the THI1 final localization could present a temporal or spacial regulation, transgenic plants expressing THI1 fused to GFP ("green fluorescent protein") where obtained. Confocal microscopy analysis of these transgenic plants showed that THI1 is mainly found in chloroplasts and barely found in mitochondrias. Different from what happens in Arabidopsis thaliana, in sugar cane where founded at least three thi1 isoforms/paralogs. The amino acids sequence alignment of these isoforms with the thi1 one, reveled high similarity including the targeting sequence. To evaluate the directing standard of these sugarcane isoforms, gene constructions made by the complete targeting sequence or the chloroplastic transit peptide or the mitochondrial presequence, fused to GFP under the guidance of 35S promotor, where obtained. A transient expression of these gene constructios in epidermal onion cells prove that in the case of the constructions containing either the complete targeting sequence or the chloroplastic transit peptide the directing occurred only to chloroplasts. On the other hand, the constructions containing the mitochondrial pre sequence, GFP were kept defused in the citoplasm. Besides the directing aspect, THI1 were evaluated under the filogenetic point of view. Filogenetic analysis showed that thi1 is rarely found in bacteria but is widely distributed in Archaea. The genetic distances pointed out that probably eucaryotes THI1 came from Archaea. This gene in a few bacterias probably were inherited by lateral transference.
Livros sobre o assunto "Plant's biology"
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Rau, Dana Meachen. Plants =: Las plantas. Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2010.
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Crawford, Daniel J. Plant molecular systematics: Macromolecular approaches. Wiley, 1990.
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Stern, Kingsley Rowland. Introductory plant biology. 5th ed. Wm. C. Brown, 1991.
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Stern, Kingsley Rowland, and Kingsley Rowland Stern. Introductory plant biology. 7th ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers, 1997.
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Stern, Kingsley Rowland. Introductory plant biology. 6th ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers, 1994.
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1940-, Davies Peter J., ed. Plant hormones: Biosynthesis, signal transduction, action! 3rd ed. Springer, 2004.
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A, Bailey John, ed. Biology and molecular biology of plant-pathogen interactions. Springer-Verlag, 1986.
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author, Evert Ray Franklin, and Eichhorn Susan E. author, eds. Biology of plants. W.H. Freeman and Company Publishers, 2013.
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Raven, Peter H. Biology of plants. 5th ed. Worth Publishers, 1992.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Plant's biology"
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Vogel, S. "Floral Biology." In Flowering Plants · Monocotyledons. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_4.
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Zotz, Gerhard. "Population Biology." In Plants on Plants – The Biology of Vascular Epiphytes. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39237-0_6.
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Mandujano, María del Carmen, Israel Carrillo-Angeles, Concepción Martínez-Peralta, and Jordan Golubov. "Reproductive Biology of Cactaceae." In Desert Plants. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02550-1_10.
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Johri, B. M. "Reproductive Biology of Plants." In Reproductive Biology of Plants. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50133-3_1.
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Lack, Andrew, and David Evans. "Carnivorous plants." In Plant Biology, 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203002902-73.
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Shivanna, K. R., and Rajesh Tandon. "Pollen Biology." In Reproductive Ecology of Flowering Plants: A Manual. Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2003-9_5.
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Shivanna, K. R., and Rajesh Tandon. "Pistil Biology." In Reproductive Ecology of Flowering Plants: A Manual. Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2003-9_6.
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Vorontzova, L. I., and L. B. Zaugolnova. "Population Biology of Steppe Plants." In The Population Structure of Vegetation. Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5500-4_7.
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Klee, Harry J., and Michael B. Lanahan. "Transgenic Plants in Hormone Biology." In Plant Hormones. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0473-9_16.
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Mandahar, Chuni L. "Molecular Biology of Transgenic Plants." In Molecular Biology of Plant Viruses. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5063-1_12.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Plant's biology"
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Kolchanov, N. A. "Systems Computer Biology and Bioinformatics." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-17.
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Kershanskaya, O. I., G. S. Mukiyanova, D. S. Nelidova, et al. "CRISPR/Cas9 editing the genome of crops in the development of biology and agriculture." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-207.
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"Imaging corn plants with PhytoPET, a modular PET system for plant biology." In 2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2013.6829796.
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Young, Margaret. "Integrating plant science CUREs into undergraduate biology courses." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1383065.
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Scott, Tom K. "Plant Space Biology: An Assessment." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/961390.
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Krikorian, Abraham D. "Plant Biology Research on ‘LifeSat’." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/901227.
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Psaltis, Demetri. "Optofluidics of plants: lessons from biology (Conference Presentation)." In Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures VIII, edited by Ali Adibi, Shawn-Yu Lin, and Axel Scherer. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2297251.
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Diana, Sariwulan. "Rare plants inference ability of biology education students." In INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION (MSCEIS) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0155743.
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Matvieieva, Nadiia. "“Hairy” roots of medicinal plants against COVID-19: New application of plant biotechlogy." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1053433.
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Tivendale, Nathan. "Analysis of plant enzymes as consumable parts for synthetic biology." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1372287.
Texto completo da fonteRelatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Plant's biology"
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Bilyk, Zhanna I., Yevhenii B. Shapovalov, Viktor B. Shapovalov, Anna P. Megalinska, Fabian Andruszkiewicz, and Agnieszka Dołhańczuk-Śródka. Assessment of mobile phone applications feasibility on plant recognition: comparison with Google Lens AR-app. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4403.
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The paper is devoted to systemizing all mobile applications used during the STEM-classes and can be used to identify plants. There are 10 mobile applications that are plant identifiers worldwide. These applications can be divided into three groups, such as plant identifiers that can analyze photos, plant classification provides the possibility to identify plants manually, plants-care apps that remind water of the plant, or change the soil. In this work, mobile apps such as Flora Incognita, PlantNet, PlantSnap, PictureThis, LeafSnap, Seek, PlantNet were analyzed for usability parameters and accuracy of identification. To provide usability analysis, a survey of experts of digital education on installation simplicity, level of friendliness of the interface, and correctness of picture processing. It is proved that Flora Incognita and PlantNet are the most usable and the most informative interface from plant identification apps. However, they were characterized by significantly lower accuracy compared to Google Lens results. Further comparison of the usability of applications that have been tested in the article with Google Lens, proves that Google Lens characterize by better usability and therefore, Google Lens is the most recommended app to use to provide plant identification during biology classes.
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Katan, Jaacov, and Michael E. Stanghellini. Clinical (Major) and Subclinical (Minor) Root-Infecting Pathogens in Plant Growth Substrates, and Integrated Strategies for their Control. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568089.bard.
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In intensive agriculture, harmful soilborne biotic agents, cause severe damage. These include both typical soilborne (clinical) major pathogens which destroy plants (e.g. Fusarium and Phytophthora pathogens), and subclinical ("minor") pathogens (e.g. Olpidium and Pythium). The latter cause growth retardation and yield decline. The objectives of this study were: (1) To study the behavior of clinical (major) and subclinical (minor) pathogens in plant growth substrate, with emphasis on zoosporic fungi, such as Pythium, Olipidium and Polymyxa. (2) To study the interaction between subclinical pathogens and plants, and those aspects of Pythium biology which are relevant to these systems. (3) To adopt a holistic-integrated approach for control that includes both eradicative and protective measures, based on a knowledge of the pathogens' biology. Zoospores were demonstrated as the primary, if not the sole propagule, responsible for pathogen spread in a recirculating hydroponic cultural system, as verified with P. aphanidermatum and Phytophthora capsici. P. aphanidermatum, in contrast to Phytophthora capsici, can also spread by hyphae from plant-to-plant. Synthetic surfactants, when added to the recirculating nutrient solutions provided 100% control of root rot of peppers by these fungi without any detrimental effects on plant growth or yield. A bacterium which produced a biosurfactant was proved as efficacious as synthetic surfactants in the control of zoosporic plant pathogens in the recirculating hydroponic cultural system. The biosurfactant was identified as a rhamnolipid. Olpidium and Polymyxa are widespread and were determined as subclinical pathogens since they cause growth retardation but no plant mortality. Pythium can induce both phenomena and is an occasional subclinical pathogen. Physiological and ultrastructural studies of the interaction between Olpidium and melon plants showed that this pathogen is not destructive but affects root hairs, respiration and plant nutrition. The infected roots constitute an amplified sink competing with the shoots and eventually leading to growth retardation. Space solarization, by solar heating of the greenhouse, is effective in the sanitation of the greenhouse from residual inoculum and should be used as a component in disease management, along with other strategies.
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Drakakaki, Georgia, Marcela Rojas Pierce, and Marisa Otegui. Plant Cell Biology International Meeting 2022. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1993620.
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Williams, Thomas. Cell Biology Board Game: Cell Survival Drive. University of Dundee, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001276.
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When dangers strike a cell, they are detected by sensors. Sensors tell messengers about the danger. Messengers tell the organiser. The organiser plans the cell defence, using responders and recyclers. Researchers in the MRC-PPU are figuring out how these different parts interact with each other.
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Dawson, William O., Moshe Bar-Joseph, Charles L. Niblett, Ron Gafny, Richard F. Lee, and Munir Mawassi. Citrus Tristeza Virus: Molecular Approaches to Cross Protection. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570551.bard.
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Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has the largest genomes among RNA viruses of plants. The 19,296-nt CTV genome codes for eleven open reading frames (ORFs) and can produce at least 19 protein products ranging in size from 6 to 401 kDa. The complex biology of CTV results in an unusual composition of CTV-specific RNAs in infected plants which includes multiple defective RNAs and mixed infections. The complex structure of CTV populations poses special problems for diagnosis, strain differentiation, and studies of pathogenesis. A manipulatable genetic system with the full-length cDNA copy of the CTV genome has been created which allows direct studies of various aspects of the CTV biology and pathology. This genetic system is being used to identify determinants of the decline and stem-pitting disease syndromes, as well as determinants responsible for aphid transmission.
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Dure, L. S. III. Molecular biology of Lea genes of higher plants. Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/82344.
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Taylor, Crispin. Plant Synthetic Biology Conference – Travel Awardees and Speakers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1768251.
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Lindow, Steven, Yedidya Gafni, Shulamit Manulis, and Isaac Barash. Role and In situ Regulation of Growth Regulators Produced in Plant-Microbe Interactions by Erwinia herbicola. United States Department of Agriculture, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561059.bard.
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The main objective of this work was to gain a better understanding of how some strains of Erwinia herbicola have evolved into serious plant pathogens while also commonly existing as epiphytes on the surface of healthy plants. The focus of our studies was to determine the nature of, and regulation, of virulence factors, including the phytohormones IAA and cytokinins, which are encoded on a large plasmid (pPATH) found in gall-forming strains of this species. In addition, the in situ regulation and contribution to epiphytic fitness of a second, chromosomal, IAA biosynthetic locus (ipdC) was determined to ascertain the relative contribution of the two redundant IAA-biosynthetic pathways to the biology of E. herbicola. Genes (pre-etz and etz) conferring production of cytokinins were clustered immediately 3' of the iaaM and iaaH genes conferring IAA boisynthesis on pPATH. A new insertion-like element, IS1327, was also found immediately 3' of etz on pPATH, suggesting that these virulence factors were all introduced onto pPATH from another pathogenic bacterium. Mutants of E. herbicola in which etz, iaaH, and iaaM, but not ipdC, were disrupted caused smaller galls to form on gypsophila plants. In contrast, ipdC but not iaaH or iaaM mutants of E. herbicola exhibited reduced ability to grow and survive on plant surfaces. Transcription of ipdC was induced when cells were on plants compared to in culture, suggesting that idpC may play a selective role in fitness on leaves.
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Kelly, K. Plant biology research and training for the 21st century. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10149776.
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Kelly, K. Plant biology research and training for the 21st century. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6575850.
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