Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Planification de chemin en ligne"
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Zaninotti, Marion. "Planification en ligne de la stratégie de navigation pour un drone autonome en environnement urbain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0063.
Texto completo da fonteUAVs can now be used for various applications, including service robotics, exploration and monitoring of environments, precision agriculture, as well as search and rescue missions. The need for autonomous navigation for UAVs is therefore becoming increasingly important. Many UAVs use GPS (Global Positioning System) for localization. However, in urban environments, the measured position can be inaccurate or even unavailable, which can compromise mission safety.In this context, the problem of efficient and safe navigation for an autonomous UAV, under uncertain GNSS availability, has been modeled as a POMDP (Partially Observable Markov Decision Process). Nevertheless, planning in such a complex model suffers from high computational cost and yields insufficient results under real-time constraints.Recently, research has focused on integrating offline learning to guide online planning. Inspired by the state-of-the-art CAMP (Context-specific Abstract Markov Decision Process) modeling, we propose a method that involves learning a constraint to be imposed during online planning for this problem. Imposing this constraint allows for an abstraction of the state space by restricting the UAV's navigation to a corridor within the environment.We then generalize this method to all SSP (Stochastic Shortest Path) problems with dead ends. The weight assigned to safety versus path efficiency is learned, a global path is planned based on this weight, and the constraint is derived from this global path. The resolution thus relies on a hybrid approach combining global path planning and online path planning.Afterward, we apply this generalized method to the FrozenLake problem, where an agent seeks a path across a frozen lake to reach a goal while avoiding holes, and to the initial UAV navigation problem. The results of all the experiments demonstrate that using such a method can improve the quality of solutions obtained through online planning, particularly for complex navigation environments and missions
Lopez, Thomas. "Planification de Chemin et adaptation de posture en environnement dynamique". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767784.
Texto completo da fonteRusu, Alexandru. "Planification de chemin et navigation autonome pour un rover d’exploration planétaire". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0049/document.
Texto completo da fonteESA’s ExoMars mission will deploy a 300kg class rover on Mars, which will serveas a mobile platform for the onboard scientific instruments to reach safely desired locations where subsurface drilling and scientific measurements are scheduled. Due to the limited inter-planetary communication constraints, full autonomous on board navigation capabilities are crucial as the rover has to drive over 70 meters per sol(Martian day) to reach designated scientific sites. The core of the navigation softwareto be deployed on the ExoMars rover uses as baseline the autonomous navigation architecture developed by CNES during the last 20 years. Such algorithms are designed to meet the mission-specific constraints imposed by the available spatial technology such as energy consumption, memory, computation power and time costs.The first objective of this thesis is to improve the performance of the successive localpath planning architecture proposed by CNES. First, the use of an increment allocal path planner, Fringe Retrieving A∗, is proposed to reduce the path planning computation load. This is complemented by the introduction of binary heaps in the management structures of the path planner. In-place-turn maneuvers during trajectory execution are further reduced by using a state lattice path planner which encodes the steering capabilities of the rover.The second research direction concerns global path planning capabilities for roboticplanetary exploration. First the onboard memory constraints are relaxed and a studyevaluating the use of a global D∗ lite path planner is performed. Second, a novel multi-resolution representation of the navigation map which covers larger areas atno memory cost increase is proposed. It is further used by a global path planner which automatically reduces the computational load by selecting its search direction based on obstacle shapes and distribution in the navigation space
Souissi, Omar. "Planification de chemin d'hélicoptères sur une architecture hétérogène CPU FPGA haute performance". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0003.
Texto completo da fonteSecurity issues are today a key-differentiator in the aviation sector. Indeed, it comes to ensure the safety of expensive equipments but above all to save human lives. In this context, it is necessary to offer an important level of autonomy to helicopters. Although some studies have been carried out in this area, the dynamic generation of a sequence of maneuvers under hard time constraints in an unknown environment still represents a major challenge for many academic and industrial working groups. AIRBUS HELICOPTERS as a leader of helicopters manufacturing, looks forward to integrate an assistance system for mission re-planning in the next generation of aircrafts.The work conducted in this PhD thesis falls within a collaboration between AIRBUS HELICOPTERS and UNIVERSITE DE VALENCIENNES ET DU HAINAUTCAMBRESIS. One of the main purposes of this work is efficient flight plan generation. Indeed, for intelligent assistant systems we need to generate a new path planning inorder to face emergency events such as an equipment failure or adverse weather conditions. The second major objective of this work is the deployment of mission planning tasks onto a high performance architecture CPU/FPGA in order to meet real-time requirements for the dynamic optimization process. In the present work, we first studied efficient flight plan generation. Indeed, we developed efficient and effective algorithms for helicopter path planning. Then, in order to obtain a real-time system, we resolved the problem of scheduling optimization on a heterogeneous architecture CPU / FPGA by proposing several scheduling methods including exact approaches and heuristics
Amet, Henri. "Méthodes géométriques et algorithmiques pour la planification de trajectoires". Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10492.
Texto completo da fonteChandezon, Julien. "Développement d'un interféromètre optique à chemin commun pour l'acoustique picoseconde". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0225/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this work is to develop a fully passive in-line common-path femtosecond interferometer for the detection of high frequencies acoustic waves (GHz-THz). This work falls within the picosecond acoustic domain. The generation and the detection of ultrasounds are performed through the combined use of pulsed lasers and optical pump-probe time-resolved setups. The originality of the interferometric detection we propose lies in the use of a single birefringent crystal frst to generate a pair of phase-locked pulses and second to recombine them to interfere. We present in the first chapter a state-of-the-art of the interferometric setups currently used in picosecond acoustics. In the second chapter, we describe the principle of operation of the interferometer we have developed. Then we model the sensitivity of the interferometer inthe framework of the Jones formalism. We show that it is possible to measure independently the pump-induced modification of either the real or imaginary parts of the complex reflection coefficient of the sample. Finally, in the third chapter, the experimental characterization of the setup is detailed and we illustrate the performance of the interferometer through picosecond opto-acoustic measurements. Experiments are performed on two different samples : an opticallyabsorbing thin film and a transparent substrate coated with a metallic transducer
Conforto, nedelmann Déborah. "Vers le passage à l'échelle de l'allocation en ligne multi-agents multi-tâches". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0049.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is set in the context of online multi-agent multi-task allocation, aiming to efficiently coordinate a set of agents (resources) to distribute tasks among them. As an application example, we can cite cases where clients make requests to a service provider who seeks the best distribution of tasks among its set of agents: taxis responding to customer demands or robots ensuring the delivery of parcels.Unlike the offline framework, which assumes full knowledge of the allocation problem to be solved before the start of the allocation, in the online framework, tasks arrive over time and must be allocated dynamically. This online optimization framework presents several challenges. Firstly, the repeated allocation of tasks to agents is an NP-hard problem, whose solution must be found in a limited time, sometimes very short. Secondly, knowledge about the arrival of future tasks (e.g., arrival time and location) is generally modest, making long-term reasoning difficult (i.e., optimizing the positioning of agents for long-term planning). Finally, the size of the problem to be handled in terms of agents and tasks can be substantial, especially in a realistic setting where finding a solution within a limited time can sometimes be compromised.In this context, this thesis proposes various contributions. Firstly, this thesis proposes a proactive approach that anticipates the availability of agents in the near future to achieve efficient coordination (i.e., minimizing the distance traveled by agents and the time they remain idle). This proactive approach has been compared to a classic reactive approach. The results obtained in two benchmark problems, one synthetic and the other based on real data, show that the proactive method achieves better results in terms of costs and the number of tasks allocated to agents compared to a reactive approach, while reducing the idle time of resources. Despite the encouraging results obtained, the proposed method has scalability limitations in our real-data-based benchmark problem. To address this limitation, this thesis proposes a second approach that develops a multi-agent multi-task allocation meta-heuristic called SKATE - Successive Rank-based Task Assignment for Proactive Online Planning, enabling scalability. SKATE allows for handling problems with thousands of agents and tasks, obtaining effective solutions in a limited time. SKATE shows good results in terms of the cost of the solutions found for such a scale of agents and tasks when compared to classical methods in the literature, such as a genetic algorithm or integer linear programming. Thanks to these results, this thesis subsequently considered two extensions to SKATE. The first extension optimizes not only task assignments but also the number of agents to consider. To achieve this, this thesis develops two methods that optimize both the number of agents (resource savings for the service provider) while ensuring user satisfaction (waiting time before task completion). The second extension couples SKATE with verifiable computing tools, allowing agents to verify that task assignment has been correctly performed by the central server and countering cyber-physical attacks that a network of mobile agents could face in hostile environments, for example
Hamieh, Ahmed. "Planification automatique de chemins à l'intérieur de bâtiments basée sur un modèle BIM". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0037/document.
Texto completo da fonteMore than 50% of humans today live in urban areas and spend more than 90 % of their time indoor. This thesis suggests a system, called BiMov, dedicated to automatic path planning in complex building based on their digital mockup (a BIM in IFC format). The process consists in exploiting the semantic, geometric and topologic features of the constituents of a BIM, so as to generate navigation graphs, taking into account the profile of Navigants as well as the operational state of accessibility of spaces and transitions, for finally determining a shortest path. BiMov is based on 4 data models: (1) a building model deduced from the BIM that represents and structures the building features that are relevant for indoor mobility (2) a Navigant model capable to represent its bulk size, abilities for horizontal and vertical displacements and social habilitations (3) a calendar model representing the conjectural state of accessibility of spaces and transitions (4) a navigation graph model with three levels of detail: the Macro level represents a simple graph of connectivity between neighboring interior spaces. It is intended to help architects verify their architectural design in terms of accessibility. The Extern level is used to connect accessible spaces via their horizontal or vertical transitions. This level is intended for Navigants who do not require a detailed path. The Intern level integrates a meshing of each space: a 2D mesh for planar mobility or a 3D mesh for drones. This level is intended for Navigants like bulky objects handlers of mobile robots, needing to validate a reliable path within spaces containing furniture, machinery or equipment. The proposed approach was implemented in a prototype software that allows to illustrate different path planning scenarios in BIM models that were generated externally
Desmurget, Michel. "Étude des mécanismes de planification et de contrôle en ligne des mouvements dirigés vers une cible visuelle". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T056.
Texto completo da fonteNiveau, Alexandre. "Compilation de connaissances pour la décision en ligne : application à la conduite de systèmes autonomes". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00758266.
Texto completo da fonteSchemeleva, Kseniya. "Optimisation de la politique de lotissement et de séquencement pour une ligne de production soumise aux aléas". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667950.
Texto completo da fonteNizard, Ange. "Planification et commande pour véhicules à deux trains directeurs en milieu encombré". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC061/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe next sector to be highly automated is probably road transport. First in an uncomplicated environment as is already the case on highway, then eventually in the most difficult scenarios, such as those encountered at the heart of the urban traffic. An intermediate step is to introduce autonomous vehicles in urban areas, but outside traffic, as on closed sites. These environments have particular characteristics, they can be very cluttered. So to be able to navigate autonomously, the vehicles have to be agile, precise and safe, but also efficient, i.e. fast. This thesis addresses two key issues of autonomous navigation in cluttered environments: path planning and tracking for bi-steerable (4WS) vehicles. Indeed, the 4WS kinematics is the response of the manufacturers to the need for agility and requires the development of adapted control techniques. Real-time path planning allows the avoidance of obstacles in order to make the service robust to the vagaries of the environment. The automatic control of the direction then makes it possible to follow these paths with precision. The main difficulty about path planning is the contrast between the low onboard computing power and the high temporal constraints imposed by the need for reactivity. It is thus necessary to choose the appropriate approach and to implement the most efficient algorithmic simplifications, i.e. reducing the amount of calculations without reducing the quality of the generated paths. In addition, path planning in cluttered environment raises the problem of dead-ends in which the most reactive methods remain stuck. Then, the adopted approach consists in constructing a navigation function in two dimensions from which the path is extracted. In the sense of the chosen criteria, it is optimal for a circular vehicle. Strategies are then put in place to adapt this algorithm to 4WS vehicles of rectangular shape, such as the central dual-path concept which allows to represent the trajectory of a mobile with three degrees of freedom in a two-dimensional space. Finally, other strategies and heuristics are introduced to optimize the performance of the planning algorithm and allow it to generate efficient maneuvers. Concerning the development of the controller, it is about choosing the evolution model which best reflects the behavior of the vehicle with respect to the dual-path that it must follow and then deducing the front and rear control laws. The 4WS bicycle model has shown itself to be very effective. This kinematic model makes it possible to easily introduce useful side-slip angles allowing to compensate the slippage of the tires on the ground, whether due to a lack of grip or an imperfect geometry of the axles. State feedback control laws are then synthesized and a strategy for managing the saturation of the actuators is proposed. Finally, this first controller is declined in a predictive version that provides a very stable tracking on real vehicles.The contributions were all evaluated in simulation and in full-scale experiments on the EZ10, an industrial 4WS electric shuttle. Finally, it turns out that the performances exceed initial expectations
Comby, Georges. "Aide au séquencement des produits sur une ligne de fabrication multi-modèles : respect des règles de séquencement et lissage de la charge de travail". Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0144.
Texto completo da fonteSequencing products (arranging products in chronological assembling order) on Mixed-Model Assembly Lines (M. M. A. L. ) enables to face with products diversity: production can be feasible or not, due to sequencing rules (succession constraints), and production cost depends on the sequence, particularly the cost due to smoothing flow of work for each resource. To take into account simultaneously different objectives, a modular architecture based on simulation and optimization is proposed for sequencing. A prototype has enabled to prove its feasibility: succession constraints and work flow smoothing can be done simultaneously by sequencing. Moreover, a data conceptual model integrating all data needed by sequencing is proposed and favors the integration of our system in the enterprise information system. Optimization must chose a partial (goal chasing methods) or global (random access changes of the sequence: neighborhood) sequence of products valued by simulation, thanks to a cost function. To compute this cost function, sequencing rules are gathered into different types of rules: keep a constant speed in assembling some products; respect production ratios or directional production ratios for other products; sequence some products in a given position, as near as possible to this position, in the beginning or at the end of the sequence; minimize set-up costs by grouping some products. Each type of rule is modelled by two measures: constructive measure for goal chasing methods, and valuing measure for optimization by neighborhood. To smooth resource flow of work, paced assembly lines are modelled in the case of mono- and multi-stations resources. For multi-station resources, the proposed model enables to compute release and due dates for jobs: these dates are then used by an algorithm to infer for each resource the workload curve which smoothes its working rate (robustness) and assures that pre-emptive jobs scheduling will exists
Arkhipov, Dmitrii. "Planification socio-responsable du travail dans les chaînes de montage d'aéronefs : comment satisfaire à la fois objectifs ergonomiques et économiques". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30107.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, the scheduling problem of tasks in aircraft assembly lines is studied. These production lines are mainly manual and paced. Since the failure of delivery on time may result in significant penalties for the manufacturer, it is crucial to meet the schedule at each workstation taking into account both economic and ergonomic criteria. This scheduling problem can be considered as a generalized Resource-Constraints Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP). Firstly, we review the existing ergonomic methods that can be used to evaluate the physical workload in production lines and examine their applicability to the context of aircraft assembly lines with long takt times. On the basis of this evaluation, we develop mathematical models to be introduced in considered RCPSP problems in order to take into account the ergonomic impact on the operators. Taking into consideration these ergonomic constraints, the original industrial problem is modeled as a RCPSP with special constraints and objectives integrating both economic and ergonomic aspects. Several formulations with multi-skilled operators, resources with time-dependent capacities, constraints on ergonomic factors and multi-mode tasks ordered by precedence relations with time lags are considered. Constraint Programming and Integer Linear Programming models are developed for these formulations. In order to enhance the solution procedures, novel constraint propagation techniques are proposed and implemented. A new algorithm for lower bound calculation is developed as well. The efficiency of presented models and methods are validated through numerical experiments
Beaucorps, Pierre de. "Planification de trajectoire dans un environnement peu contraint et fortement dynamique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS082.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis studies the trajectory planning of an automated vehicle surrounded by fast moving obstacles in an unconstrained environment (i.e. with no clear lane markings). Two main approaches are proposed: compute a speed profile on a given path, or find a valid path starting from a hypothesis on the speed of the vehicle. The first approach consists of a dynamic adaptation of the speed of an automated vehicle driving in a semi-constrained environment and in the presence of other vehicles. A set of speed profile references is used. They must be compatible with the dynamics of the vehicle and also comfortable for the passengers. Quantitative validations have been conducted in simulation together with qualitative validations on an automated vehicle, which demonstrate the benefits of this planning strategy. In the second approach, the « Reachable Interaction Sets » (RIS) are introduced as a new framework that allows to plan the trajectory of a vehicle surrounded by dynamic obstacles which move faster. The approach removes the temporal aspect of the problem by using a hypothesis about the speed of the vehicle. The remaining problem can be solved out by a static path finding algorithm. Quantitative validations show the advantage of planning approachs based on this framework compared to other state-of-the-art planning strategies
Devaurs, Didier. "Extensions of sampling-based approaches to path planning in complex cost spaces : applications to robotics and structural biology". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/12252/1/devaurs.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBaklouti, Zeineb. "Système de planification de chemins aériens en 3D : préparation de missions et replanification en cas d'urgence". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0033.
Texto completo da fonteHelicopter flight planning is a key factor in the aeronautics domain in order to ensure a safe mission at a reduced cost taking into consideration different environmental parameters like terrain, weather, emergency situations, etc. This challenge concerns both the mission preparation phase using a ground station and also during the flight to cope with a complex event (mechanical failure, dynamic obstacle, bad weather conditions, etc.). We quote as a first example a Search and Rescue mission that should be performed in limited time to locate persons in danger. To achieve that, the generated flight path must follow the terrain profile at relatively low altitudes crossing the predefined waypoints. The objective is to allow the pilot to locate a victim in a short time. Another example for a mission of medical assistance where the helicopter should ensure the comfort of patients as well as minimizing the flight time to respect critical situations. During the flight, when a complex event occurs such as engine failure, re-planning the mission becomes necessary in order to find a new path that could guarantee safe landing. Unfortunately, pilots do not benefit from an embedded 3D path planning system that enables dynamic mission re-planning in case of emergency. To tackle the challenge of generating an optimal flight plan, we proposed new path planning system dedicated to mission preparation and dynamic path re-planning during critical situations. The planning system can be deployed on a ground station or embedded as an avionic function in the aircraft. The achieved results are registered as a patent at National Institute of Intellectual Property and deployed inside Airbus Helicopters through several technology transfers. The system relies on 3D space discretization and shortest path planning techniques to generate automatically flexible path profiles that respect several. The proposed solution is generic and is able to adapt to the aircraft model, mission and the objective function to be minimized. The path planning system can offer solutions with different tradeoffs between timing and path quality within the available runtime depending on the criticality of the situation. The functioning of the path planning system consists mainly of two phases : preprocessing and routing phase. The preprocessing allows a multi-altitude discretization of the 3D space according to a given precision and generate automatically a navigation graph with a configurable density. The 3D routing phase calculates the path by considering a set of constraints such as horizontal and vertical angular limitations and the objective function such as distance, fuel, time, etc. During the graph exploration phase, the path planning system can communicate with the aircraft performance model to evaluate a given criterion. Automatic flight path generation is an essential building block for designing pilot assistance systems and autonomous aircraft. In summary, we succeeded to reach the industrial expectations namely : the evaluation of mission feasibility, performances improvement, navigation workload reduction, as well as improving the flight safety. In order to realize the proposed solution, we designed a new tool for automatic 3D flight path planning. We named our tool DTANAV : Demonstration Tool for Aircraft NAVigation. It allows to apply the proposed planning process on real scenarios. Through the tool interface, the user has the possibility to set the parameters related to the mission (starting point, end point, aircraft model, navigation ceiling, etc.). Other algorithmic parameters are defined in order to control the quality and the profile of the generated solution
Mericskay, Boris. "Cartographie en ligne et planification participative : analyse des usages du géoweb et d'Internet dans le débat public à travers le cas de la Ville de Québec". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29535/29535.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteTrotta-Brambilla, Gabriella. "Infrastructure, territoires et projets : l'exemple de la ligne ferroviaire à grande vitesse Lyon-Turin-Milan". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996169.
Texto completo da fontePonzoni, Carvalho Chanel Caroline. "Planification de perception et de mission en environnement incertain : Application à la détection et à la reconnaissance de cibles par un hélicoptère autonome". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0011/document.
Texto completo da fonteMobile and aerial robots are faced to the need of planning actions with incomplete information about the state of theworld. In this context, this thesis proposes a modeling and resolution framework for perception and mission planningproblems where an autonomous helicopter must detect and recognize targets in an uncertain and partially observableenvironment. We founded our work on Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), because it proposes ageneral optimization framework for perception and decision tasks under long-term horizon. A special attention is given tothe outputs of the image processing algorithm in order to model its uncertain behavior as a probabilistic observationfunction. A critical study on the POMDP model and its optimization criterion is also conducted. In order to respect safetyconstraints of aerial robots, we then propose an approach to properly handle action feasibility constraints in partiallyobservable domains: the AC-POMDP model, which distinguishes between the verification of environmental properties andthe information about targets' nature. Furthermore, we propose a framework to optimize and execute POMDP policies inparallel under time constraints. This framework is based on anticipated and probabilistic optimization of future executionstates of the system. Finally, we embedded this algorithmic framework on-board Onera's autonomous helicopters, andperformed real flight experiments for multi-target detection and recognition missions
Lamarche, Fabrice. "Humanoïdes virtuels, réaction et cognition : une architecture pour leur autonomie". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432175.
Texto completo da fonteCampana, Mylène. "Motion planning for digital actors". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30097/document.
Texto completo da fonteProbabilistic algorithms offer powerful possibilities as for solving motion planning problems for complex robots in arbitrary environments. However, the quality of obtained solution paths is questionable. This thesis presents a tool to optimize these paths and improve their quality. The method is based on constrained numerical optimization and on collision checking to reduce the path length while avoiding collisions. The modularity of probabilistic methods also inspired us to design a motion generation algorithm for jumping characters. This algorithm is described by three steps of motion planning, from the trajectory of the character's center to the wholebody motion. Each step benefits from the rigor of motion planning to avoid collisions and to constraint the path. We proposed physics-inspired constraints to increase the plausibility of motions, such as slipping avoidance, velocity limitation and contact maintaining. The thesis works have been implemented in the software `Humanoid Path Planner' and the graphical renderings have been done with Blender
Jaiman, Vikas. "Amélioration de la prédictibilité des performances pour les environnements de stockage de données dans les nuages". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM016/document.
Texto completo da fonteToday, users of interactive services such as e-commerce, web search have increasingly high expectations on the performance and responsiveness of these services. Indeed, studies have shown that a slow service (even for short periods of time) directly impacts the revenue. Enforcing predictable performance has thus been a priority of major service providers in the last decade. But avoiding latency variability in distributed storage systems is challenging since end user requests go through hundreds of servers and performance hiccups at any of these servers may inflate the observed latency. Even in well-provisioned systems, factors such as the contention on shared resources or the unbalanced load between servers affect the latencies of requests and in particular the tail (95th and 99th percentile) of their distribution.The goal of this thesis to develop mechanisms for reducing latencies and achieve performance predictability in cloud data stores. One effective countermeasure for reducing tail latency in cloud data stores is to provide efficient replica selection algorithms. In replica selection, a request attempting to access a given piece of data (also called value) identified by a unique key is directed to the presumably best replica. However, under heterogeneous workloads, these algorithms lead to increased latencies for requests with a short execution time that get scheduled behind requests with large execution times. We propose Héron, a replica selection algorithm that supports workloads of heterogeneous request execution times. We evaluate Héron in a cluster of machines using a synthetic dataset inspired from the Facebook dataset as well as two real datasets from Flickr and WikiMedia. Our results show that Héron outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms by reducing both median and tail latency by up to 41%.In the second contribution of the thesis, we focus on multiget workloads to reduce the latency in cloud data stores. The challenge is to estimate the bottleneck operations and schedule them on uncoordinated backend servers with minimal overhead. To reach this objective, we present TailX, a task aware multiget scheduling algorithm that reduces tail latencies under heterogeneous workloads. We implement TailX in Cassandra, a widely used key-value store. The result is an improved overall performance of the cloud data stores for a wide variety of heterogeneous workloads
Garcia, Marie-Paule. "Caractérisation du réseau veineux en imagerie scanner 4D : contribution à la planification de thérapie par resynchronisation cardiaque". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590975.
Texto completo da fonteJørgensen, Carl-Johan. "Scheduling activities under spatial and temporal constraints to populate virtual urban environments". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S033/document.
Texto completo da fonteCrowd simulation models usually aim at producing visually credible crowds with the intent of giving life to virtual environments. Our work focusses on generating statistically consistent behaviours that can be used to pilot crowd simulation models over long periods of time, up to multiple days. In real crowds, people's behaviours mainly depend on the activities they intend to perform. The way this activity is scheduled rely on the close interaction between the environment, space and time constraints associated with the activity and personal characteristics of individuals. Compared to the state of the art, our model better handle this interaction. Our main contributions lie in the domain of activity scheduling and path planning. First, we propose an individual activity scheduling process and its extension to cooperative activity scheduling. Based on descriptions of the environment, of intended activities and of agents' characteristics, these processes generate a task schedule for each agent. Locations where the tasks should be performed are selected and a relaxed agenda is produced. This task schedule is compatible with spatial and temporal constraints associated with the environment and with the intended activity of the agent and of other cooperating agents. It also takes into account the agents personal characteristics, inducing diversity in produced schedules. We show that our model produces schedules statistically coherent with the ones produced by humans in the same situations. Second, we propose a hierarchical path-planning process. It relies on an automatic environment analysis process that produces a semantically coherent hierarchical representation of virtual cities. The hierarchical nature of this representation is used to model different levels of decision making related to path planning. A coarse path is first computed, then refined during navigation when relevant information is available. It enable the agent to seamlessly adapt its path to unexpected events. The proposed model handles long term rational decisions driving the navigation of agents in virtual cities. It considers the strong relationship between time, space and activity to produce more credible agents' behaviours. It can be used to easily populate virtual cities in which observable crowd phenomena emerge from individual activities
Cardin, Olivier. "Apport de la simulation en ligne dans l'aide à la décision pour le pilotage des systèmes de production : application à un système flexible de production". Phd thesis, Nantes, 2007. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=1ca9e40c-cebb-4410-a538-775be6fca606.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with the contribution of online simulation to production activity control. Along the years; manufacturing systems get more and more complex and require more and more analysis skills from the pilot. Several studies showed that the most precious help that a decisional entity could get to optimise its decisions was a tool enabling to foresee the consequences of these decisions. Indeed, the rise of systems complexity makes this aspect of decision making particularly tricky. The subject of this thesis is to study how discrete-event simulation, after being used as a support for production units design, may become a decision support tool for production activity control of these units. First section presents the context of this work. After positioning the manufacturing systems production activity control, we present the discrete-event simulation tools and principles. Finally, we present a state of the art about online simulation, noticing it is a subject relatively poorly explored by the manufacturing systems research community. Second section of our work deals with the integration of simulation tools in the control architecture. Our first step is to study the relative position of human and machine in the decision making process. For a long time, classical simulation tools have enabled to foresee the consequences of decisions acting on a term considered long relatively to the system dynamic. When the horizon shortens, the initial state of simulations becomes a problem: because of its growing influence on the results, it is necessary to insure a more and more strict equivalence with the state of the system at the simulations starting date. This is why, in the second part of this section, we show on an example the importance of initialisation in an online simulation for decision making. Third section of this work is about the resolution of this last problem with the insertion of a simulation-made state estimator in the control architecture, constantly communicating with the system control. At the simulation start date, it is initialised on the present state of the observer, which is considered as a good approximation of the real present state of the system. Last section presents how we validated what we proposed with a complete application of the concepts and architecture on a flexible manufacturing system, currently running at the Technology University Institute (IUT) of Nantes, France
Cardin, Olivier. "Apport de la simulation en ligne dans l'aide à la décision pour le pilotage des systèmes de production – Application à un système flexible de production". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338761.
Texto completo da fonteLa première partie présente le contexte de nos travaux. Après avoir resitué le pilotage des systèmes de production, nous présentons les principes et les outils de la simulation du flux. Enfin, nous présentons un état de l'art concernant la simulation en ligne, en remarquant qu'il s'agit d'un domaine encore relativement peu exploré par la communauté de la recherche sur les systèmes de production. La seconde partie de nos travaux portent sur l'intégration des outils de simulation dans l'architecture de commande. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions la place relative de l'humain et de la machine au niveau de la prise de décision. Les outils de simulation classique permettent depuis longtemps déjà de prévoir la conséquence de décisions portant sur un terme long relativement à la dynamique du système. Lorsque l'horizon se restreint, l'état initial des simulations est problématique : de par son influence grandissante sur les résultats, il est nécessaire d'assurer une équivalence de plus en plus stricte avec l'état du système de production au moment du début des simulations. C'est pourquoi, dans la deuxième partie de ce chapitre, nous montrons sur un exemple l'importance de l'initialisation dans une simulation en ligne pour la prise de décision.
La troisième partie de nos travaux porte sur la résolution de ce problème par l'introduction dans l'architecture de commande d'un observateur, également réalisé par simulation, en communication constante avec les organes de commande du système. Au moment où la simulation se lance, elle s'initialise sur l'état de l'observateur, qui est considéré comme étant une bonne approximation de l'état actuel réel du système. La dernière partie présente une validation sous la forme d'une application complète des concepts et de l'architecture proposés sur un système de production flexible, actuellement en production dans le cadre de l'Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Nantes.
Tiassou, Kossi Blewoussi. "Aircraft operational reliability : A model-based approach and case studies". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0012/document.
Texto completo da fonteDependability assessment, by system manufacturer, during aircraft design, based on stochastic modeling, is of common practice, but model based operational dependability assessment online, during missions' achievement, is seldom done. Usually, the stochastic assessment addresses aircraft safety.This thesis addresses aircraft operational dependability modeling to support mission and maintenance planning, as well as the achievement of the missions. We develop a modeling approach, based on a meta-model that is used as a basis i) to structure the information needed to assess aircraft operational reliability and ii) to build a stochastic model that can be updated dynamically. The update concerns the current state of the aircraft system, a mission profile and the maintenance facilities available at the flight stop locations involved in the mission. The aim is to enable operational reliability assessment online. Two case studies, based on aircraft subsystems, are considered for illustration. We present examples of evaluation results that show the valuable role of operational dependability assessment during aircraft mission
Dhoiffir, Loutfi. "Une histoire comptable et financière de la ligne ferroviaire dite de la « petite ceinture » Paris (1853-2014) : Approche par les théories de la décision". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA131003/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe Line Little Belt is a former Paris railway line double track 32 kilometers in length (excluding connections) who went around Paris within the boulevards of the Marshals. Opened by sections 1852 to 1869, it is first devoted exclusively to freight traffic before being opened for passenger traffic, with the exception of the Auteuil line, unlike directly open to travelers in 1854 and only in 1867 for goods. Deserted by Parisians because of growing competition from the Metropolitan in 1900, the line is, for most of his career, closed to passenger traffic Sunday, July 22, 1934, except the Auteuil line remained open until in 1985. Freight traffic has disappeared since the early 1990s, and the line is now largely abandoned and missing a portion of its length. A portion of the Auteuil line, however, was built in 1988 to the RER C line. Many stations were destroyed including Montsouris. Passy Station has been preserved by being converted into a restaurant. Stations were converted as station Charonne. Remained abandoned since 1993, the Little Belt has been the subject of a first phase of consultation in 2013 in order to sketch the future. Our research is at the heart of the debate about the future of the Little Belt Paris. It aims to demonstrate the importance of the railway line since its inception in 1852 until it closed in 1934 for passenger service. We provide a comparative analysis of the situation of the accounting and financial management from 1854 to 1934 to determine the different results of operations conducted to evaluate the financial performance of the line. Our approach is to understand why intelligent men, in possession of all their resources, they have taken the decision to voluntarily stop the activity of theLittle Belt line. What are the consequences of setting aside of the very long term of this railway platform? What are theshortfalls of this Sleep? Little research has been based on this approach, and our research was to study the differentapproaches to the decision based on the theories of rational decision of Simon of Cyert and March and the absurd theories of decision Christian More l . After comparison of these different approaches, we have learned as a result to escape the non-decision, applying the theory of meta-rule of the reliability
Tiassou, Kossi. "Aircraft operational reliability - A Model-based approach and case studies". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807442.
Texto completo da fonteRenault, Benoît. "NAvigation en milieu MOdifiable (NAMO) étendue à des contraintes sociales et multi-robots". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0105.
Texto completo da fonteAs robots become ever more commonplace in human environments, taking care of ever more tasks such as cleaning, security or food service, their current limitations only become more apparent. One such limitation is of their navigation capability in the presence of obstacles: they always avoid them, and freeze in place when avoidance is impossible. This is what brought about the creation of Navigation Among Movable Obstacles (NAMO) algorithms, expected to allow robots to manipulate obstacles as to facilitate their own movement. However, these algorithms were designed under the hypothesis of a single robot per environment, biasing NAMO algorithms into only optimizing the single robot's displacement cost - without any consideration for humans or other robots. While it is desirable to endow robots with the human capability of moving obstacles, they must however do so while respecting social norms and rules of humans. We have thus extended the NAMO problem as to take into account these new social and multi-robots aspects. By relying on the concept of affordance spaces, we have developed a social occupation cost model allowing the evaluation of the impact of moved objects on the environment's navigability. We implemented (and improved) reference NAMO algorithms, in our open source simulation tool, and modified them so that they may plan compromises between robot displacement cost and social occupation cost of moved obstacles - resulting in improved navigability. We also developed an implicit coordination strategy allowing the concurrent execution of these same algorithms by multiple robots as is, without any explicit communication requirements, while preserving the no-collision guarantee; verifying the relevance of our social occupation cost model in the actual presence of other robots. As such, this work constitutes the first steps towards a Social and Multi-Robot NAMO
Bayerlein, Harald. "Machine Learning Methods for UAV-aided Wireless Networks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS154.
Texto completo da fonteAutonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), spurred by rapid innovation in drone hardware and regulatory frameworks during the last decade, are envisioned for a multitude of applications in service of the society of the future. From the perspective of next-generation wireless networks, UAVs are not only anticipated in the role of passive cellular-connected users, but also as active enablers of connectivity as part of UAV-aided networks. The defining advantage of UAVs in all potential application scenarios is their mobility. To take full advantage of their capabilities, flexible and efficient path planning methods are necessary. This thesis focuses on exploring machine learning (ML), specifically reinforcement learning (RL), as a promising class of solutions to UAV mobility management challenges. Deep RL is one of the few frameworks that allows us to tackle the complex task of UAV control and deployment in communication scenarios directly, given that these are generally NP-hard optimization problems and badly affected by non-convexity. Furthermore, deep RL offers the possibility to balance multiple objectives of UAV-aided networks in a straightforward way, it is very flexible in terms of the availability of prior or model information, while deep RL inference is computationally efficient. This thesis also explores the challenges of severely limited flying time, cooperation between multiple UAVs, and reducing the training data demand of DRL methods. The thesis also explores the connection between drone-assisted networks and robotics, two generally disjoint research communities
Subrin, Kévin. "Optimisation du comportement de cellules robotiques par gestion des redondances : application à la découpe de viande et à l'Usinage Grande Vitesse". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999471.
Texto completo da fontePoncelet, Renaud. "Navigation autonome en milieu urbain en présence d’obstacles mobiles : une approche géométrique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS340.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this thesis is to plan the motion of an autonomous vehicle so that it can navigate and interact with other moving obstacles without collision in an urban environment. This involves taking into account constraints that may be specific to the vehicle (dynamic, energetic, linked to perception or forecasting systems), relating to the safety and comfort of users or to the environment close to the vehicle. These last depend on the topology of the road, driving rules and other moving actors in the neigborhood of the ego-vehicle. In the context of this thesis, we focused on: (i) the limited or partial perception of the environment close to the vehicle and in particular the presence of static or mobile obstacles hiding part of its neighborhood ; (ii) uncertainty about the prediction of the motion of other agents; (iii) maneuvers to be carried out in urban scenarios where the lanes can be congested with plenty of other static or moving obstacles; (iv) and the respect of the road signs. All these issues have been addressed through geometric approaches by adapting in different ways the principle of path-velocity decomposition introduced by Kant and Zucker (1986). The CARLA simulator has been adapted to validate the proposed approaches on different scenarios reproducing typical situations of interaction with other vehicles in an urban environment, such as, for example, crossing a crossroads with reduced visibility, overtaking a slow or stopped vehicle in its lane, driving in a section of road regulated by traffic lights, etc
Fnadi, Mohamed. "Commande prédictive et estimation des paramètres d’environnement pour un rover rapide". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03196900.
Texto completo da fonteThe research works carried out in this thesis deal with the control of a fast double-steering off-road mobile robot. Outdoor mobile robot has to explore and intervene efficiently and securely in large areas, where it is subjected to different phenomena such as slippage and friction conditions as well as the ground roughness, both can affect the feasibility and robustness of path or trajectory tracking tasks. Such autonomous vehicle requires highly accurate and stable control laws which should respect vehicle constraints, even if the terrain geometry and wheel-ground contact conditions are expected to change, mainly at high speed. First and foremost, the vehicle dynamics should be incorporated in control blocks of off-road vehicles because their mobility is highly influenced by wheel-ground interactions. In this work, the dynamic model is developed relying on the slippage-friction conditions at wheel-ground contacts and the ground geometry. Then, a first controller is synthesized based on the LQR approach and a dynamic model to ensure the path tracking task. This controller is used to validate the ground parameters observers. In order to use the vehicle dynamic model including sliding parameters, some factors related to wheelground contact condition have to be observed on-line. Thus, two observers have been designed in this thesis. The first one is a non linear observer that allows to estimate independently and in real time the front and rear tire cornering stiffness, these variables are related both on tire and soil properties. The second observer is based on the Luenberger theory and aims to estimate the local ground parameters geometry. This observer gives in real time the road bank and road grade angles using the lateral velocity and IMU measurements. Those estimated parameters are injected on-line in our path tracking controllers so as to enhance their efficiency. The LQR controller does not take into account any physical or intrinsic constraints of the system. Therefore, a new constrained model predictive control (MPC) is synthesized in this thesis for a dynamic path tracking of an off-road mobile robot with a double steering axle. The main advantage of the MPC is indeed the ability to anticipate future changes in setpoints and handle constraints that are critical and necessary for the safety and stability of the vehicle. This controller is based on a dynamic model that includes wheel-ground lateral slippage and terrain geometry parameters. It is formulated as an optimization problem that computes at each time-step the optimal front and rear steering angles required to perform a desired path, with respect to multiple constraints, essentially the steering joint limits and the tire adhesion area bounds (i.e., pseudo-sliding zone limits). The control problem is expressed as a Linearly Constrained Quadratic Programming (QP) to compute the optimal and dynamically-consistent front and rear steering angles required to achieve the desired path. Finally, a new local path planning strategy is designed for obstacle-skirting in real time. This method computes rapidly and in real-time a smooth local path for obstacle avoidance that guarantees vehicle kinematic and dynamic constraints. It is automatically generated according to several waypoints based on the obstacle’s coordinates and the current state of the robot (e.g., vehicle direction, current positions, steering angles, etc.). Two cubic Bézier curves are designed to connect these waypoints such that harsh curvatures and wide variation in steering angles are prevented. All contributions proposed in this manuscript have been validated through several tests on both advanced simulations under ROS/GAZEBO and experiments on a real off-road mobile robot “SPIDO”, that can achieve the velocity of 12m.s−1. Finally, all the results obtained are quite satisfactory
Vu, Dong Quan. "Models and solutions of strategic resource allocation problems : approximate equilibrium and online learning in Blotto games". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS120.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteResource allocation problems are broadly defined as situations involving decisions on distributing a limited budget of resources in order to optimize an objective. In particular, many of them involve interactions between competitive decision-makers which can be well captured by game-theoretic models. In this thesis, we choose to investigate resource allocation games. We primarily focus on the Colonel Blotto game (CB game). In the CB game, two competitive players, each having a fixed budget of resources, simultaneously distribute their resources toward n battlefields. Each player evaluates each battlefield with a certain value. In each battlefield, the player who has the higher allocation wins and gains the corresponding value while the other loses and gains zero. Each player's payoff is her aggregate gains from all the battlefields. First, we model several prominent variants of the CB game and their extensions as one-shot complete-information games and analyze players' strategic behaviors. Our first main contribution is a class of approximate (Nash) equilibria in these games for which we prove that the approximation error can be well-controlled. Second, we model resource allocation games with combinatorial structures as online learning problems to study situations involving sequential plays and incomplete information. We make a connection between these games and online shortest path problems (OSP). Our second main contribution is a set of novel regret-minimization algorithms for generic instances of OSP under several restricted feedback settings that provide significant improvements in regret guarantees and running time in comparison with existing solutions
Elhoud, Anass. "Artificial intelligence-based approach for acceleration & optimization of hybrid production line preliminary design in the automotive industry". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d3a97160-65a3-48c3-b8c5-c431847fc587.
Texto completo da fonteIn the competitive automotive industry, optimizing production lines is crucial for enhancing efficiency and profitability. This thesis presents a comprehensive solution developed in collaboration with a leading automotive company, tackling three key challenges: assembly sequence planning, resource balancing, and dynamic performance evaluation. The first solution optimizes assembly sequences to minimize resource usage and production costs using reinforcement learning and hierarchical clustering. The second solution addresses assembly line balancing, employing metaheuristic algorithms to reduce cycle time without increasing resources. The third solution improves dynamic production line performance under stochastic events, such as breakdowns and delays, through inventory management and optimal control strategies. Each solution was validated in real industrial environments, demonstrating substantial improvements in production line efficiency and performance
Ji, Zhi Ping. "Transport combiné ou transport routier ? Etude des facteurs de choix entre deux systèmes de transport intérieur de fret". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529459.
Texto completo da fonteSubrin, Kévin. "Optimisation du comportement de cellules robotiques par gestion des redondances : application à la découpe de viande et à l’Usinage Grande Vitesse". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22417/document.
Texto completo da fonteIndustrial robots have evolved fundamentally in recent years to reach the industrial requirements. We now find more suitable anthropomorphic robots leading to the realization of more complex tasks like deformable objects cutting such as meat cutting or constrained to high stresses as machining. The behavior study of anthropomorphic robots, parallel or hybrid one highlights a kinematic and dynamic anisotropy, which impacts the expected accuracy. This thesis studied the integration of the kinematic redundancy that can partially overcome this problem by well setting the task to achieve it in a space compatible with the expected capacity. This work followed a three-step approach: analytical modeling of robotic cells by serial equivalent based on the TCS method, formalizing the constraints of meat cutting process and machining process and a multicriteria optimization.The first originality of this work focuses on the development of a 6 DoFs model to analyze the operator actions who naturally optimizes his arm behavior to ensure the task it performs. The second originality concerns the optimized placement of structural redundancy (9 DoFs robotic cell) where positioning parameters are incorporated as controllable variables (11 DoFs robotic cell). Thus, the thesis makes contributions to : - the definition of criteria adapted to the realization of complex and under high stress task for the management of the kinematic redundancy; - the structural behavior identification, under stress, by metrology tools (Laser tracker ) and the self- adaptation paths by using an industrial force control; - the behavior optimization to improve the cutting process quality (meat cutting and machining)
Dujardin, Aymeric. "Détection d’obstacles par stéréovision en environnement non structuré". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR09.
Texto completo da fonteAutonomous vehicles and robots represent the future of transportation and production industries. The challenge ahead will come from the robustness of perception and flexibility from unexpected situations and changing environments. Stereoscopic cameras are passive sensors that provide color images and depth information of the scene by correlating 2 images like the human vision. In this work, we developed a localization system, by visual odometry that can determine efficiently the position in space of the sensor by exploiting the dense depth map. It is also combined with a SLAM system that enables robust localization against disturbances and potentials drifts. Additionally, we developed a few mapping and obstacles detections solutions, both for aerial and terrestrial vehicles. These algorithms are now partly integrated into commercial products
Cousturier, Richard. "Amélioration par la gestion de redondance du comportement des robots à structure hybride sous sollicitations d’usinage". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC090/document.
Texto completo da fonteIndustrial robots have evolved fundamentally in recent years to reach the industrial requirements. We now find more suitable anthropomorphic robots leading to the realization of more complex tasks like deformable objects cutting such as meat cutting or constrained to high loading like during machining. The behavior study of anthropomorphic robots, parallel or hybrid one highlights a kinematic and dynamic anisotropy, which impacts the expected accuracy.This thesis studied the integration of the kinematic redundancy that can partially overcome this problem by well setting the task to achieve it in a space compatible with the expected capacity.This work helped us to improve our optimization tool and to try it on both FE model of the robot and real robot.Thus, the thesis makes contributions to: - the definition of criteria adapted to the realization of complex and under high loading task for the management of the kinematic redundancy; - the structural behavior identification, under loading, by metrology tools (Laser tracker) ; - the behavior optimization to improve the cutting process quality during machining ; - robots finite elements modeling using stiffness identification for both bodies and joints
Psiakis, Rafail. "Performance optimization mechanisms for fault-resilient VLIW processors". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S095/document.
Texto completo da fonteEmbedded processors in critical domains require a combination of reliability, performance and low energy consumption. Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) processors provide performance improvements through Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) exploitation, while keeping cost and power in low levels. Since the ILP is highly application dependent, the processor does not use all its resources constantly and, thus, these resources can be utilized for redundant instruction execution. This thesis presents a fault injection methodology for VLIW processors and three hardware mechanisms to deal with soft, permanent and long-term faults leading to three contributions. The first contribution presents an Architectural Vulnerability Factor (AVF) and Instruction Vulnerability Factor (IVF) analysis schema for VLIW processors. A fault injection methodology at different memory structures is proposed to extract the architectural/instruction masking capabilities of the processor. A high-level failure classification schema is presented to categorize the output of the processor. The second contribution explores heterogeneous idle resources at run-time both inside and across consecutive instruction bundles. To achieve this, a hardware optimized instruction scheduling technique is applied in parallel with the pipeline to efficiently control the replication and the scheduling of the instructions. Following the trends of increasing parallelization, a cluster-based design is also proposed to tackle the issues of scalability, while maintaining a reasonable area/power overhead. The proposed technique achieves a speed-up of 43.68% in performance with a ~10% area and power overhead over existing approaches. AVF and IVF analysis evaluate the vulnerability of the processor with the proposed mechanism.The third contribution deals with persistent faults. A hardware mechanism is proposed which replicates at run-time the instructions and schedules them at the idle slots considering the resource constraints. If a resource becomes faulty, the proposed approach efficiently rebinds both the original and replicated instructions during execution. Early evaluation performance results show up to 49\% performance gain over existing techniques.In order to further decrease the performance overhead and to support single and multiple Long-Duration Transient (LDT) error mitigation a fourth contribution is presented. We propose a hardware mechanism, which detects the faults that are still active during execution and re-schedules the instructions to use not only the healthy function units, but also the fault-free components of the affected function units. When the fault faints, the affected function unit components can be reused. The scheduling window of the proposed mechanism is two instruction bundles being able to explore mitigation solutions in the current and the next instruction execution. The obtained fault injection results show that the proposed approach can mitigate a large number of faults with low performance, area, and power overhead
Shakour, Marc. "Conception et implémentation d'un algorithme de planification de chemin dans un jeu vidéo comportant un environnement triangularisé". Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5060/1/M12641.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteCôté, Stéphanie. "L'aménagement du territoire axé sur les transports en commun : le cas de la ligne de train de banlieue Montréal/Blainville". Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15128.
Texto completo da fonteKafka, Marcella. "Transformation de la première ligne en santé mentale au Québec : perceptions de médecins généralistes". Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8098.
Texto completo da fonteCherif, Moez. "Planification de mouvements pour un robot mobile autonome tout-terrain : une approche par utilisation des modèles physiques". Phd thesis, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005041.
Texto completo da fonteSteffen, Jean-Sébastien. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle globale du squelette pour l'aide au diagnostic et à la prise en charge thérapeutique des pathologies rachidiennes affectant l'équilibre postural". Phd thesis, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00649423.
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