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Bourg, Natacha, Amandine Schaeffer, Anne Molcard, Christopher Luneau, Daniel E. Hewitt e Rémi Chemin. "Ocean wanderers: A lab-based investigation into the effect of wind and morphology on the drift of Physalia spp." Marine Pollution Bulletin 207 (outubro de 2024): 116856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116856.
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Popova, Venelina, Albena Stoyanova e Nadezhda Mazova. "Phytochemical composition and biological activity of Physalis spp.: A mini-review". Food Science and Applied Biotechnology 3, n.º 1 (19 de março de 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30721/fsab2020.v3.i1.80.
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The main objective of this mini-review was to synthesize recent data about the phytochemical composition, the nutritional properties, and the biological and pharmacological activities of a now cosmopolitan genus, Physalis (Solanaceae), being in the focus of intensive research over the last two decades. Six Physalis species with nutritional and pharmacological promise are considered in particular – P. peruviana L., P. philadelphica Lam., P. ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm., P. angulata L., P. pubescens L., and P. alkekengi L. Summarized contemporary data on the metabolite profile and the biological activities of Physalis species support their century-long use in traditional medicine and human nutrition. The fruit represent a rich source of minerals, vitamins, fibers, carotenoids, proteins, fructose, sucrose esters, pectins, flavonoids, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols and many other beneficial nutrients. Individual phytochemicals and complex fractions isolated from Physalis plants demonstrate various biological and pharmacological activities, the most promising of which include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, hepato-renoprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and others. Most of these activities are associated with the presence of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, physalins, withanolides, and other bioactive compounds. The accumulated data disclose the potential of Physalis spp. as highly functional foods, as profitable crops for many regions over the world, and as sources of valuable secondary metabolites for phytopharmacy, novel medicine and cosmetics. Information provided by this review is also important for a more intensive promotion of Physalis species in Bulgaria and for future studies on their composition and benefits.
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Kadirova, Zukhra, Oybek Mamarakhimov, Shakhnoza Doniyorova, Khayrullo Ibragimov e Lutfullo Sindorov. "Identification of some viruses of the medicinal plant Physalis alkekengi L". BIO Web of Conferences 149 (2024): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202414901005.
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Determining the medical properties of Physalis alkekengi L. extracts, extracting active compounds with antibacterial activity and immunostimulatory properties, that is, physalins and flavonoids, requires the development of biotechnology for the creation of virus-free, healthy medicinal plants by microclonal propagation of plants using modern biotechnological approaches. In this article, TMV-Ph strain of tobacco mosaic virus was isolated from medicinal plant Physalis alkekengi L. and its biological, morphological and physical characteristics were studied. TMV- Ph strain was identified to be belong to the Virgaviridae family of the tobamovirus group. As a result of research on this topic, virus disease symptoms were identified in the Physalis alkekengi plant, and methods for isolating and biologically purifying the virus were developed. To achieve this, viral sap prepared from the leaves of infected plants was inoculated into the Nicotiana sylvestris plant to isolate the virus. For biological purification, infectious sap was prepared and inoculated into the Nicotiana glutinosa plant. The resulting necroses were excised, and the virus was passed through the plant two more times in a mononecrotic state, thereby biologically purifying it. After that, the virus was transferred to a host plant to propagate.
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Belo, Deibson Pereira, e Maria Teresa Buril. "Flora da Estação Ecológica de Tapacurá, São Lourenço da Mata, Pernambuco – Brasil: Solanaceae Juss." Revista Arrudea - A revista do Jardim Botânico do Recife 8 (30 de dezembro de 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55513/arrudea00184.
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O presente trabalho consiste no tratamento taxonômico das espécies de Solanaceae ocorrentes na Estação Ecológica de Tapacurá, situada no município de São Lourenço da Mata, Pernambuco, Brasil. Para isto, foram realizadas expedições de campo entre os meses de setembro de 2019 a março de 2020, além de consultas aos principais herbários da região. A ocorrência dessas espécies é discutida. Foram reconhecidas 30 espécies distribuídas entre os gêneros Brunfelsia (1 sp.), Capsicum (3 spp.), Cestrum (2 spp.), Datura (1 sp.), Dyssochroma (1 sp.), Physalis (3 spp.), Schwenckia (2 spp.), Solandra (1 sp.) e Solanum (16 sp.). Physalis peruviana, Solanum jussiaei e Solanum rugosum se configuram como novos registros para Pernambuco. Aqui relatamos os primeiros registros de Datura metel e Solanum rhytidoandrum para o domínio Mata Atlântica. São apresentadas chaves de identificação para os gêneros de Solanaceae ocorrentes na ESEC Tapacurá e de identificação para as espécies abordadas neste tratamento, além de descrições, comentários taxonômicos e de distribuição e fotografias.
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Santana, Alice Silva, Clevison Luiz Giacobbo, Jean Do Prado, Alison Uberti, Bachelor Louis e Cleber Maus Alberto. "Fenologia e qualidade de frutos de acessos de Physalis spp." Agrarian 13, n.º 47 (8 de março de 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30612/agrarian.v13i47.8687.
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Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a fenologia em função da temperatura do ar e a qualidade de frutos de acessos de Physalis spp. visando sua potencial utilização em programas de melhoramento genético. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - campus Chapecó, SC. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 67 acessos de Physalis spp. Foram avaliados componenetes fenológicos em três períodos diferentes, observando o (1) número de dias decorridos desde a emissão do botão floral à antese, (2) dias decorridos da antese à fixação de frutos e (3) número de dias para a emissão de nós. Com os dados de temperatura do ar, foi calculada a soma térmica (GD) necessária para alcançar o início de cada evento fenológico. No que tange às variáveis produtivas, foram analisadas a massa de fruto com cálice (g), massa de fruto sem cálice (g), sólidos solúveis (°Brix) e o volume médio de fruto (cm3). Os dados fenológicos foram submetidos a análises descritivas enquanto que os dados produtivos, à Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA – Principal Components Analysis). O primeiro período de observação (06 a 30 de janeiro) resultou em menor número de dias necessários para o aparecimento de nós e para atingir a frutificação à partir da floração. A presença do cálice nos frutos aumentou sensivelmente a massa média do fruto em aproximadamente 0,45 g. A temperatura influencia o ciclo fenológico dos 67 acessos de Physalis os quais, por sua vez, se diferenciam no que diz respeito à qualidade de frutos.
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Santiaguillo-F., J. F., R. López-M., A. Peña-Lomelí, J. A. Cuevas-S. e J. Sahagún-Castellanos. "Distribución, colecta y conservación de germoplasma de tomate de cáscara (Physalis spp.) en México". Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura I, n.º 02 (fevereiro de 1994): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1993.07.052.
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Soto, G., A. Peña, J. F. Santiaguillo, J. E. Rodríguez e A. Palacios. "RESISTENCIA A Fusarium sp. DE 95 COLECTAS DE TOMATE DE CÁSCARA (Physalis spp.)". Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura IV, n.º 01 (junho de 1998): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1997.07.051.
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Santiaguillo, J. F., A. Peña e D. Montalvo. "EVALUACIÓN DE VARIEDADES DE TOMATE DE CÁSCARA EVALUATION OF HUSK TOMATO VARIETIES (Physalis spp.)". Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura IV, n.º 02 (dezembro de 1998): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1998.04.035.
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Hiiesaar, Külli, Ingrid H. Williams, Katrin Jõgar, Reet Karise, Angela Ploomi, Luule Metspalu e Marika Mänd. "Potential of Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Adapt to Alternative Host Plants". Environmental Entomology 49, n.º 1 (10 de dezembro de 2019): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz149.
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Abstract Twelve selected cultivated or wild solanaceae (Solanum dulcamara, Solanum nigrum, Solanum villosum, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum muricatum, Solanum melongena, Datura innoxia, Datura metel, Physalis spp., Capsicum annuum, Nicotiana alata, and Petunia spp.) (all species Solanales: Solanaceae) were tested as potential alternative host plants against Solanum tuberosum for a local population of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (CPB) in Estonia. Some CPB populations in America and southern Europe accept most of these plants. However, geographically isolated populations of beetles can differ in their acceptance of new host plants. Migrants from the southern Europe supplement Estonian beetle population regularly, so individuals may differ in their host plant preferences. S. melongena and S. dulcamara were well accepted by the beetles, Lycopersicum spp. (Solanales: Solanaceae) and N. alata were intermediate, and S. villosum and S. nigrum were least accepted. The beetles rejected S. muricatum, Physalis spp., C. annuum, Petunia spp., and D. metel. First-instar larvae completed a full life cycle only on S. dulcamara, N. alata, S. lycopesicum, S. melongena, although their development rate was slower, mortality was higher and emerging adults were underweight relative to those that fed on S. tuberosum. The fourth-instar larvae were less sensitive in relation to food. We found that S. dulcamara as a native plant could provide resources for CPB during early and late season. At the same time, the cultivated S. melongena would be suitable plant species for further testing as dead-end crop for integrated pest management.
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Freyre, Rosanna, e J. Brent Loy. "Evaluation of Tomatillo (Physalis spp.) Germplasm Suitable for Culture in Northern States". HortScience 33, n.º 2 (abril de 1998): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.2.0205.
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The objectives of this research were to 1) evaluate and characterize existing accessions and commercial varieties of Physalis and 2) select desirable germplasm for future breeding attempts. Twenty-eight accessions of Physalis obtained from the Plant Genetic Resources Unit at Geneva, N.Y., and 11 cultivars from commercial seed companies (five tomatillos, P. ixocarpa; six other species) were used. Seed was sown in a greenhouse on 1 May 1997, and 20 seedlings per genotype were transplanted on 6 June at Kingman Research Farm, Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham. Two replicated plots of 10 plants each were used in a completely randomized design, with 1.8-m rows and 0.6-m spacing between plants. Plots were broadcast fertilized prior to planting, and black plastic mulch and drip irrigation were used. No pesticides were used except one application of Carbaryl early in the season to control Japanese beetle. The plants grew very vigorously and showed practically no symptoms of disease or pest problems. Manual harvests were performed continuously from 20 Aug. until 25 Sept., taking data on total weight and number of fruits per plot. After the first harvest, it was decided to limit the harvest to 12 genotypes of tomatillo with highest yields. Yields and flavor of fruits from other species were not considered satisfactory and were not harvested. A total of three harvests were performed. Average yields ranged from 16.1 to 57.7 mT·ha-1. Among the commercial cultivars, the tomatillo obtained from Burpee showed the highest yields and uniformity within plots. Six accessions (two identified as P. ixocarpa, four as Physalis sp.) had yields comparable to that of commercial varieties. Selected genotypes were propagated by cuttings and are being maintained in a greenhouse. E-mail rf@hopper.unh.edu; phone (603) 862-1912.
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Sari, Hevia Purnama, Mustika Adzania Lestari, Desty Aulia Putrantri e Reza Zulfahmi. "Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Golden berries (Physalis spp.) Based on Morphological Characters". Akta Agrosia 26, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2023): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/aa.26.2.59-65.
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Golden berries is a plant that has medicinal functions, fresh fruit and has high economic value. Golden berries plant breeding is carried out to improve the quality of the plant. This research aims to analyze the genetic diversity of Golden berries to produce new varieties. This research was conducted at the Lampung State Polytechnic Greenhouse from April to September 2023. This research used qualitative methods and the variables observed included variables in the vegetative and generative phases. The results showed that the five genotypes studied showed quite high diversity, namely at a copenhetic distance of 0.8. The golden 1 and golden 2 and red genotypes belong to Physalis peruviana while the two local genotypes are Physalis angulata. High diversity has great potential for crossbreeding so that it can produce heterosis traits. Heterosis is the characteristic of offspring being able to exceed the characteristics of their two parents. Based on this research, the genotypes observed are good for use as parents in plant breeding.
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Piña-Dumoulín, Grigna Josefina, Aureliano Peña-Lomelí, María del Rosario García-Mateos, María Teresa Martínez-Damián, Héctor Lozoya-Saldaña e Juan Enrique Rodríguez-Pérez. "COMPUESTOS BIOACTIVOS EN FRUTOS CULTIVADOS Y SILVESTRES DE Physalis spp." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 46, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2023): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2023.1.11.
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Los nutraceúticos son compuestos bioactivos que están en alimentos de origen vegetal, aportan color y aroma, su consumo previene enfermedades y confieren beneficios a la salud; muchos de ellos pertenecen al grupo de los metabolitos secundarios (productos del metabolismo especializado); algunos participan en la protección de factores bióticos y abióticos. Physalis contiene alta diversidad de estos compuestos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue cuantificar compuestos bioactivos (carotenoides, sapogeninas, compuestos fenólicos totales, antocianinas) y la actividad antioxidante de extractos de frutos de 11 poblaciones de P. ixocarpa, P. peruviana, P. angulata, P. lagascae y P. nicandroides. Las plantas fueron cultivadas en invernadero con sistema hidropónico. El diseño fue de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los frutos se cosecharon en madurez para consumo. Los parámetros evaluados fueron color, concentración de algunos metabolitos secundarios y actividad antioxidante. La concentración de carotenoides, sapogeninas, compuestos fenólicos y antocianinas, y la actividad antioxidante difirió entre las poblaciones (P ≤ 0.05). Physalis nicandroides presentó la concentración mayor de carotenoides (762.15 µg 100 g-1 PF) y P. peruviana la mayor concentración de sapogeninas (59.56 mg DE 100 g-1 PF). La correlación positiva entre croma y concentración de sapogeninas (0.77) y entre concentración de compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante (0.74) fue altamente significativa (P ≤ 0.01). Las poblaciones evaluadas contienen compuestos bioactivos y alta actividad antioxidante (51 a 71 % de inhibición de radical libre ABTS).
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Mamedov, M. I., e M. R. Engalychev. "MORPHOLOGICAL AND REPRODUCTIVE FEATURES OF PHYSALIS spp. IN TEMPERATE CLIMATE". Vegetable crops of Russia, n.º 5 (5 de fevereiro de 2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2017-5-14-17.
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Güllich, Angélica Aparecida da Costa, Denise Lima Feksa, Patricia Martinez Oliveira, Elizandra Gomes Schmitt, Laura Smolski Dos Santos, Gênifer Erminda Schreiner, Cheila Denise Ottonelli Stopiglia e Vanusa Manfredini. "Effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves and fruits of Physalis pubescens L. on antioxidative and microbiological parameters". Brazilian Journal of Health Review 6, n.º 5 (10 de outubro de 2023): 24475–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n5-496.
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Species from Physalis genus (Solanaceae family) have various therapeutic activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antihyperglycemic. However, there are few studies about microbiological effects of this Physalis pubescens specie. The aim of this work was to investigate on antioxidative nad microbiological parameters of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves and fruits of Physalis pubescens L. The phytochemical analysis was realized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Diode Array Detector and Evaluation of antioxidant potential in vitro was with classical methodologies. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of was to investigate against Candida spp., Sporothrix spp. and Staphylococcus aureus and determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Leaves and fruits extracts inhibited Candida albicans (ATCC 10231, ATCC 10234, ATCC 18804, ATCC 28367, clinical isolates 7B and 3C) and Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019), leaves extract also inhibited Candida krusei (ATCC 6258). Leaves and fruits extracts inhibited Sporothrix schenckii SN, leaves extract also inhibited Sporothrix brasiliensis 8309 and Sporothrix schenckii 67 MRV. Leaves and fruits extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (clinical isolates MRSA-2 and MSSA-4), leaves extract also inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923, clinical isolates MRSA-3, MRSA-4, MRSA-5, MRSA-6, MRSA-7, MRSA-8, MRSA-9 and MSSA-3). In the phytochemical analysis, the presence of catechin was observed as the major component both in the extract of leaves and fruits and elevated antioxidant potential in vitro. Therefore, are needs for further studies for this species and constituents in order to elucidate the promising effects.
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Thomé, Márcia, e Flora Osaki. "Adubação de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio no rendimento de Physalis spp." Revista Acadêmica: Ciência Animal 8, n.º 1 (15 de janeiro de 2010): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/cienciaanimal.v8i1.10364.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o efeito de diferentes níveis de adubo no rendimento de três variedades de Physalis spp. O trabalho foi conduzido em Porto Amazonas, PR. O preparo do solo foi feito por capina manual e com aplicação de 2 t ha-1 de calcário 30 dias antes do plantio. Os dados de emergência, surgimento primeiro botão floral e do primeiro fruto, altura de planta e início da maturação dos frutos foram obtidos por diagnóstico visual diário. A variável emergência compreendeu da semeadura até o momento em que 50% das plantas por bandeja emergiram. O peso médio por fruto (g), rendimento médio de frutos por planta (kg pl-1) e rendimento médio por área (t ha-1) consistiu na coleta de dez plantas/parcela. Os frutos colhidos foram colocados em sacos de papel e identificados. Os frutos que apresentaram boa qualidade foram pesados em balança de precisão e os descartados foram pesados e compuseram as perdas por variedade (kg ha-1). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas com 12 tratamentos, sendo o fator variedade (Physalis angulata, P. peruviana e P. oxicarpa) aplicado às parcelas e o fator adubação aplicado às subparcelas (quatro níveis). O fator variedade foi analisado pelo Teste de Tukey, com significância de 95%, e os níveis de adubo, pela análise de regressão. Concluiu-se que a adubação NPK mostrou diferenças entre as curvas de respostas para as variedades estudadas; estas não mostraram diferenças para o peso de fruto, rendimento por planta e por hectare.
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Silva, Daniel Fernandes da, Rafael Pio, Joyce Dória Rodrigues Soares, Paulyene Vieira Nogueira, Pedro Maranha Peche e Fabíola Villa. "The production of Physalis spp. seedlings grown under different-colored shade nets". Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 38, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2016): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v38i2.27893.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of seedlings of Physalis L. species under different-colored shade nets. Four shade nets individually stained white, blue, red and black, all with 50% shading, were used in this study, and an additional treatment (control) was used in which seedlings were grown in full sun. The study examined four species of Physalis, namely, P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three blocks and 25 seeds per plot. The species were sown in styrofoam trays. Germination was monitored daily to calculate the Emergency Velocity Index (EVI) and stabilize the overall percentage of emergence. Height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area index and dry mass of seedlings were assessed at 50 days after sowing. The study found that these species react differently to changes in the light spectrum. Seedlings of P. peruviana should be grown under a white or red shade net; of P. pubescens under a white or black shade net; of P. minima under a white, red or black shade net; and of P. ixocarpa under a white shade net. For all species, 50% shade should be used.
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Otieno, Hillary. "Prevalence of potato cyst (Globodera spp.) nematode and potato root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) nematode in Kenya and potential management strategies: A review". Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 8, n.º 2 (25 de junho de 2023): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.0802023.
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Nematodes are very diverse and could be free-living or plant parasite species. Amongst the existing categories, the most aggressive ones are the root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.), root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), and cyst nematode (Globodera spp.). These categories affect over 2000 susceptible crop species causing varying yield losses, reaching 100% under heavy infestations in potatoes. The common root-knot nematode and cyst nematode hosts include tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), and other solanaceous plants, including Physalis spp., Datura spp., Hyoscyamus spp., Physoclaina spp., Salpiglossis spp., and Saracha spp. These nematodes are disseminated mainly through irrigation water, rainfall runoffs, infested soil particles, commercial seed potato tubers, contaminated footwear, animal hooves, farm implements, and machinery. Effective control of nematodes requires farmers to practice integrated nematode management systems with a combination of at least two management practices. Several cultural and agronomic practices have shown some decent levels of efficacy, thus recommended for adoption. Timely application of these practices is critical for achieving better outcomes. Among the management strategies, applying nematicides is the most effective in the short term. It is important to be cautious when using these chemicals, as they pose significant risks to humans and the environment. Again, these products are costly, especially those within moderate to low toxicity, making them unsustainable and out of reach for most small-scale farmers.
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Arruum, Zainyah Salmah, e Budi Waluyo. "Keberhasilan dan kompatibilitas penyerbukan sendiri dan silang pada hibridisasi interspesifik ciplukan (Physalis spp)". Jurnal Agro 8, n.º 1 (31 de julho de 2021): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/9368.
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Tanaman ciplukan digunakan untuk menghasilkan buah segar, bahan baku nutraceutical, dan biofarmasi. Kapasitas genetik ciplukan dapat ditingkatkan dengan hibridisasi interspesifik. Ketidakcocokan adalah masalah yang muncul pada persilangan antarspesies. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari keberhasilan dan kompatibilitas penyerbukan sendiri dan penyerbukan silang hibridisasi interspesifik ciplukan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Seed and Nursery Industry, Agro Techno Park, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2020. Penelitian menggunakan bahan 5 spesies ciplukan, yaitu Physalis P. angulata, P. peruviana, P. pruinosa, P. pubescens, dan P. ixocarpa. Pola perkawinan dialel digunakan serta pengamatan terhadap hasil penyerbukan diamati. Hasil penyerbukan silang interspesifik memiliki derajat kompatibilitas yang berbeda. Kompatibilitas penyerbukan sendiri pada setiap spesies tinggi. Penyerbukan silang interspesifik P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. angulata (PAN-69281) kompatibel. Inkompatibilitas parsial terdapat pada penyerbukan silang interspesifik P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2) , P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. angulata (PAN-69281), dan P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Inkompatibilitas lengkap terjadi pada penyerbukan silang P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. peruviana (PPV-45311-03) dan P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Penyerbukan sendiri dan penyerbukan silang yang kompatibel menghasilkan perbedaan pada karakteristik buah dan benih. P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. angulata (PAN-69281), dan P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) menghasilkan jumlah benih yang berbeda pada penyerbukan silang interspesifik.AbstractCiplukan is used as a fresh fruit, nutraceutical raw materials, and biopharmaceuticals. Genetic capacity of ciplukan can be increased by interspecific hybridization. Incompatibility is an issue obtained during the interspecific hybridization. Research objective was to study success rate and compatibility of self-pollination and cross-pollination ciplukan interspecific hybridization. Research was conducted at Seed and Nursery Industry, Agro Techno Park, Universitas Brawijaya from January to June 2020. Physalis P. angulata, P. peruviana, P. pruinosa, P. pubescens, and P. ixocarpa were species included in this study. A diallel mating design pattern was used as well as observations of pollination. Interspecific cross pollination was found to have differing degrees of compatibility. Compatibility of self-pollination in each species is high. Interspecific cross-pollination of P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. angulata (PAN-69281) is compatible. Partial incompatibilities exist in interspecific cross-pollination of P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. angulata (PAN-69281), and P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Complete incompatibility occurred in cross-pollination of P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. peruviana (PPV-45311-03) and P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Compatible self-pollination and cross-pollination resulted differences in fruit and seed characteristics. P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. angulata (PAN-69281), and P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) developed different numbers of seeds following interspecific cross-pollination.
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Rodrigues, Adriana K., Leandro G. Freitas, Aristéa A. Azevedo e Silamar Ferraz. "Desenvolvimento de Pasteuria penetrans em Meloidogyne spp. parasitando diferentes espécies vegetais". Fitopatologia Brasileira 28, n.º 3 (junho de 2003): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582003000300007.
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A bactéria Pasteuria penetrans é um parasita obrigatório do nematóide das galhas (Meloidogyne spp.) e produz esporos que persistem por anos no solo. A sua produção por cultivo in vitro ainda é inviável e a produção de inoculo requer o seu cultivo in vivo em nematóides parasitando plantas em vasos. Neste trabalho, buscou-se, por meio do estudo histológico de raízes, averiguar diferenças no desenvolvimento de P. penetrans em Meloidogyne spp. parasitando raízes de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum), maxixe (Cucumis anguria) e camapu (Physalis angulata), e possíveis razões para estas diferenças, como forma e tamanho de células gigantes e das fêmeas do nematóide. O maxixe foi o pior dentre os hospedeiros em teste para a produção de inóculo e apresentou células gigantes anormais. A estrutura das células gigantes assim como o desenvolvimento da bactéria foram semelhantes no camapu e no tomateiro, entretanto o ciclo de vida de P. penetrans foi ligeiramente mais curto no tomateiro.
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Moura, Jerlane Nascimento, e Claudenir Simões Caires. "família Solanaceae Juss. no município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil". Paubrasilia 4 (27 de março de 2021): e0049. http://dx.doi.org/10.33447/paubrasilia.2021.e0049.
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Solanaceae é uma das maiores famílias de plantas vasculares, com 100 gêneros e ca. de 2.500 espécies, com distribuição subcosmopolita e maior diversidade na região Neotropical. Este trabalho realizou um levantamento florístico das espécies de Solanaceae no município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, em área ecotonal entre Caatinga e Mata Atlântica. Foram realizadas coletas semanais de agosto/2019 a março/2020, totalizando 30 espécimes, depositados nos herbários HUESBVC e HVC. Foram registradas 19 espécies, distribuídas em nove gêneros: Brunfelsia (2 spp.), Capsicum (1 sp.), Cestrum (1 sp.), Datura (1 sp.), Iochroma (1 sp.) Nicandra (1 sp.), Nicotiana (1 sp.), Physalis (1 sp.) e Solanum (10 spp.). Dentre as espécies coletadas, cinco são endêmicas para o Brasil e 11 foram novos registros para o município. Nossos resultados demonstram que Solanaceae é uma família de elevada riqueza de espécies no município, contribuindo para o conhecimento da flora local.
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Chamú-Juárez, Roberto, Manuel Sandoval-Villa, Ma de las Nieves Rodríguez-Mendoza e Antonio García-Esteva. "RESPUESTA DEL TOMATE DE CÁSCARA SILVESTRE MEXICANO (Physalis spp.) AL POTENCIAL OSMÓTICO EN HIDROPONÍA". Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 43, n.º 2 (24 de junho de 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2020.2.151.
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El potencial osmótico (Ѱo) de las soluciones nutritivas puede influir en el crecimiento y la producción; sin embargo, el efecto está en función de la magnitud del Ѱo y de la demanda o capacidad de absorción de cada especie. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el crecimiento y rendmiento de tomate de cáscara silvestre mexicano (Physalis spp.) a diferentes potenciales osmóticos en la solución nutritiva. Se evaluaron los materiales 9b, 17b, 7b y Filadelfia con Ѱo de -0.018, -0.036 y -0.054 MPa bajo condiciones de invernadero e hidroponía. Se cuantificó el efecto de los tratamientos a los 30, 60 y 90 días después del trasplante (ddt) a través de mediciones de altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, número de flores por planta y lecturas de la intensidad del color verde de las hojas, o lecturas SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development). El porcentaje de flores caídas se determinó a los 90 ddt, y durante un mes se cuantificó el porcentaje de amarre de frutos, número de frutos por planta y peso de los frutos. En general, todas las variables fueron afectadas por el Ѱo de la solución nutritiva y por el material vegetal. La altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, número de flores y las lecturas SPAD fueron mayores conforme aumentó la concentración de la solución nutritiva (menor Ѱo); sin embargo, el porcentaje de flores caídas, amarre de frutos, número y peso de frutos fueon menores al exponer las plantas a -0.054 MPa. El material 9b alcanzó mayor altura y el 17b incrementó en mayor medida el diámetro con respecto a los otros materiales. Los genotipos 9b y 17b aumentaron el número de flores; 7b y 17b tuvieron el mayor porcentaje de flores caídas, 7b presentó las mayores lecturas SPAD y la mayor producción se consiguió con el material 9b. Todos los genotipos presentaron poco crecimiento con -0.018 MPa en la solución nutritiva y con un potencial osmótico elevado se redujo el rendimiento de frutos. El nivel intermedio (-0.036 MPa) es el potencial osmótico apropiado para la producción de frutos. La accesión 9b fue la más adecuada para la producción bajo invernadero porque mostró el mayor número de frutos y rendimiento.
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Charles, GW. "A grower survey of weeds and herbicide use in the New South Wales cotton industry". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, n.º 3 (1991): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910387.
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In 1989, 52 cotton growers from the 7 major cotton areas of New South Wales were surveyed regarding their weed-control costs, major weed problems and herbicide use. This paper presents and discusses the major results from this survey. On average, weed control costs the cotton grower $A187/ha annually, the major components being $76/ha for cotton herbicides and $67/ha for hand chipping. The major cotton weeds are Xanthium occidentale, X. spinosum, Cyperus spp., Physalis spp. and Ipomoea lonchophylla. Although these weeds affect a large proportion of the cotton-growing area, their incidence is generally stable or declining under the current management systems. However, Cyperus spp., which presently affect 15% of the cotton area, are escaping the weed management practices and rapidly becoming the major weed problem in many fields. Diplachne fusca is a major weed on irrigation channels and is not controlled by the registered herbicides. Trifluralin, diuron and fluometuron herbicides are used in cotton by over 60% of cotton growers. Glyphosate is used by 59% of growers in fallows prior to cotton, and atrazine, diuron and glyphosate are used on irrigation channels by over 60% of growers. Generally, cotton growers are dissatisfied with t h e high cost of weed control and the ineffectiveness of control of some problem weeds such as Cyperus spp.
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Morales Rosales, Edgar Jesús, Beatriz González Salgado, José Antonio López Sandoval e Edgar Javier Morales Morales. "Índice de área foliar en genotipos silvestres de Physalis spp. en función de dos sistemas de cultivo". Acta Universitaria 32 (16 de fevereiro de 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2022.3329.
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Existen especies de tomate de cáscara nativas de México que tienen potencial de producción y calidad para su explotación comercial. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el índice de área foliar y rendimiento de fruto de ocho genotipos de Physalis spp. en función de dos sistemas de cultivo: (1) en Toluca (invernadero) y (2) en Tenango del Valle y Zumpango (temporal), con la temperatura y lluvia ocurrida durante el ciclo agrícola de cada lugar, denominados temporal 1 y temporal 2, respectivamente. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar, con arreglo factorial y cuatro repeticiones. Se detectaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en los factores genotipos y sistema de cultivo en todas las variables. La interacción genotipo - sistema de cultivo fue significativa en la totalidad de los caracteres, excepto en el número de hojas y biomasa. Se concluyóque P. philadelphica bajo sistema de invernadero obtuvo el mejor rendimiento de fruto.
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Cueva, Ma Bernarda Ruilova, Rosa Angelica Tigre León, Ma Magdalena López Angel Yanchaliquín e Isidro Favian Bayas Morejón Herminia Sanaguano Salguero. "Antibacterial Effects of Uvilla (Physalis peruviana L.) extracts against Listeria spp. Isolated from Meat in Ecuador". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, n.º 4 (10 de abril de 2017): 1146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.141.
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Archer, Frederick I., Phillip A. Morin, Brittany L. Hancock-Hanser, Kelly M. Robertson, Matthew S. Leslie, Martine Bérubé, Simone Panigada e Barbara L. Taylor. "Mitogenomic Phylogenetics of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus spp.): Genetic Evidence for Revision of Subspecies". PLoS ONE 8, n.º 5 (17 de maio de 2013): e63396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063396.
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Garvin, S., e W. C. Lindemann. "Isolation, characterization, and inoculation of N2-fixing bacteria from dicotyledonous plants". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, n.º 12 (1 de dezembro de 1986): 912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-168.
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N2-flxing (acetylene-reducing) bacteria were isolated from roots of five species of wild plants in southern New Mexico. Ground cherry (Physalis wrightii) had the highest frequency of roots with N2-fixing bacteria. Acetylene reduction rates of subcultures were comparable with rates exhibited by Azospirillum (300–500 nmol ethylene∙h−1). Three isolates from ground cherry were characterized to the generic level and one to the level of genus and species. Three of these isolates were identified as Enterobacter spp, while the fourth isolate was identified as Azospirillum brasilense. Inoculation of ground cherry with N2-fixing isolates had minimal effects on plant growth, plant nitrogen content, or plant acetylene reduction activity 7 weeks after inoculation. Comparisons between uninoculated and inoculated plants were generally not statistically significant. Significant acetylene reduction activity and high numbers of N2-fixing bacteria occurred only on the roots of plants grown with little or no added nitrogen.
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Ohmori, Ayako, Kousuke Tsuji, Mitsuru Sugimoto e Tohru Tominaga. "Effects of light and temperature on the germination of alien <i>Physalis</i> spp." Journal of Weed Science and Technology 67, n.º 3 (2022): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.67.137.
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Ordoñez Gomez, Elizabeth Susana, Joseferik Calderon Pino e Darlym Reátegui Diaz. "Effect of particle size on sensory and bioactive properties of chocolates with Physalis peruviana L and Vaccinium spp". Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 76, n.º 2 (1 de maio de 2023): 10369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v76n2.103168.
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Chocolates are considered functional foods and are consumed worldwide. The objective was to evaluate the effect of particle size and the inclusion of Physalis peruviana L (Goldenberry) and Vaccinium spp (Andean blueberry) on sensory attributes, color, total phenols, and anthocyanins in dark and milk chocolate. The attributes of gloss, surface, breakage, melting, grittiness, odor, fruit scents, aftertaste, sweetness, mouthfeel, bitterness, and astringency were evaluated for sensory evaluation. To measure color, the CIELAB system was used. Phenols were evaluated using spectrophotometry and anthocyanins using the pH differential method. According to principal components analysis (PCA), dark chocolates with the inclusion of goldenberries had the best sensory scores (Øp =10-20 µm); the results for the correlations were 0.97 for surface and melting, 0.98 for surface and aftertaste, 1.0 for aftertaste and astringency, and -0.92 melting and odor. Milk chocolate with the inclusion of goldenberries (Øp =10- 20 µm) was superior in attributes such as fruit scents, sweetness, grittiness, gloss, odor, aftertaste, and mouthfeel. At the same time, there was a correlation between melting and aftertaste of -0.92 and between melting and mouthfeel of -0.94, odor with fruit scents and sweetness were 0.96 and 0.98, and fruit scents with aftertaste and sweetness were 0.94 and 0.99. Dark and milk chocolates with the inclusion of goldenberries (Øp =10-15 µm) were slightly superior in the phenol content, while chocolates with the inclusion of Andean blueberries (Øp =10-20 µm) had greater anthocyanin contents.
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SINGH, SANDEEP, RESHMI SEKHAR e SUNIL JOSE K. "Predatory spider fauna in fruit crops of Punjab, India along with new records". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, n.º 9 (28 de outubro de 2020): 1695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i9.106598.
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Spiders are important predatory organisms in the orchards. Keeping in view their role in the natural biological control, the present studies were conducted from May 2012 to October 2019 in orchards belonging to 21 fruit crops, viz. apple (Malus sp.), amla (Phyllanthus emblica), citrus (Citrus spp.), banana (Musa spp.), ber (Zizyphus mauritiana), fig (Ficus carica), grapes (Vitis vinifera), guava (Psidium guajava), jamun (Syzygium cumini), litchi (Litchi chinensis), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), mango (Mangifera indica), olive (Olea europaea), papaya (Carica papaya), peach (Prunus persica), pear (Pyrus communis), plum (Prunus domestica), pomegranate (Punica granatum), phalsa (Grewia asiatica), rasbhari (Physalis peruviana) and sapota (Manilkara zapota) in 13 districts of the Punjab, India, with an objective to record the prevalence of different families of spider fauna. The study revealed the presence of several predatory spiders involved in controlling various insect-pests of fruit crops. The 43 species of spiders belonging to 23 genera and 13 families were recorded during the study. Families like Salticidae, Araneidae and Oxyopidae exhibited more diversity. Salticidae family showed maximum diversity. High genetic diversity was found in Salticidae, Araneidae, Oxyopidae and Tetragnathidae. Study highlights the importance of protecting natural predators in controlling the insect pests in orchards. Epeus flavobilineatus Doleschall, Epocilla calcarata (Karsch) (Family: Salticidae); Gasteracantha cancriformis (Linnaeus) and Neoscona punctigera (Doleschall) (Family Araneidae) are new species records for India.
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I Ketut Ngawit, Taufik Fauzi e Kurnia Muliani. "Keanekaragaman Gulma Berdaun Lebar Dan Prediksi Kehilangan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill.) Akibat Kompetisinya Di Lahan Kering". Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agrokomplek 2, n.º 2 (28 de julho de 2023): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jima.v2i2.3079.
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Tujuan peneliti ini untuk mengetahui spesies gulma berdaun lebar yang berpengaruh terhadap kehilangan hasil tanaman kedelai, sehingga dalam usaha pengendaliannya dapat ditentukan skala prioritas, suatu spesies gulma harus segera dikendalikan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik survei. Pengamatan terhadap populasi dan pertumbuhan gulma serta tanaman kedelai dilakukan pada lima petak sampel yang berukuran 1 m2 dan distribusinya ditentukan dengan random sampling. Parameter pengematan, jumlah spesies gulma berdaun lebar, jumlah populasi masing-masing spesies gulma petak-1, jumlah populasi tanaman kedelai petak-1, bobot biomas kering gulma, dan bobot biomas kering tanaman kedelai tanaman-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, ditemukan 11 spesies gulma berdaun lebar pada tanaman kedelai, saat umur tanaman 20 - 35 HST. Empat spesies cukup dominan dengan nilai SDR ≥ 3,57% - ≤ 5,73%, dua spesies kurang dominan dengan nilai SDR ≥ 1,34% - ≤ 2,80%, dan lima spesies tidak dominan namun selalu ditemukan dengan nilai SDR < 1,0%. Daya saing dan dominansi terbobot gulma Amaranthus spp., S. nodiliflora L., Acalypha spp. dan A. conycoides L., lebih besar dibandingkan spesies gulma lainnya, sehingga keempat spesies gulma tersebut mampu menghilangkan hasil kedelai selama tumbuh tanaman masing-masing sebanyak 4,82%, 3,90%, 2,41% dan 2,32%. Gulma berdaun lebar Physalis angulate, Phillanthus niruri, H. Indicum, E. Soncifolia, Centella asiatica, Euphorbia hirta dan Portulaca oleraceae, keberadaannya pada tanaman kedelai tidak perlu dikendalikan karena kehilngan hasil tanaman kedelai akibat kompetisinya sangat rendah, yaitu kurang dari 1%.
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Meneguetti, Dionatas Ulises De Oliveira, Renato Abreu Lima, Sharon Rose Aragão Macedo, Neuza Biguinati De Barros, João Bezerra Facundo, Júlio Sancho Linhares Teixeira Militão, Roberto Nicolete e Valdir Alves Facundo. "PLANTAS DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA COM POTENCIAL LEISHMANICIDA in vitro". Revista de Patologia Tropical / Journal of Tropical Pathology 44, n.º 4 (28 de dezembro de 2015): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v44i4.39236.
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A preocupação em buscar novos fármacos para o tratamento da leishmaniose é cada vez maior em virtude da toxicidade dos existentes e do aumento da resistência do parasito, o que representa uma ameaça ao controle da doença. O presente estudo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as plantas da Amazônia brasileira com potencial atividade leishmanicida in vitro. Constatouse uma grande diversidade de espécies vegetais da Amazônia brasileira com potencial para a investigação de novos fitoterápicos e metabólitos secundários com ação leishmanicida, além do tratamento de outras parasitoses negligenciadas. A presente revisão demonstrou que as espécies dos gêneros Casearia, Croton e Physalis são fortes candidatas para busca de novos fármacos, visto que apresentaram um IC50 menor que 1?g/mL em testes in vitro contra as formas promastigotas ou amastigotas de Leishmania spp. Ressalta-se a importância de estudos futuros sobre espécies que apresentem metabólitos terpenoides ou esteroides em virtude do potencial leishmanicida que têm demonstrado.
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Hobbs, H. A., D. M. Eastburn, C. J. D'Arcy, J. D. Kindhart, J. B. Masiunas, D. J. Voegtlin, R. A. Weinzierl e N. K. McCoppin. "Solanaceous Weeds as Possible Sources of Cucumber mosaic virus in Southern Illinois for Aphid Transmission to Pepper". Plant Disease 84, n.º 11 (novembro de 2000): 1221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.11.1221.
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Over 5,000 individual plants representing approximately 55 species from an area in southern Illinois where Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has been a major problem in pepper (Capsicum annuum) were tested for the presence of CMV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Representative ELISA-positive samples were checked by western blot tests to confirm virus-specific reactions. Nearly all of the infected plants detected were either Solanum ptycanthum (eastern black nightshade) or Physalis spp. (principally P. heterophylla, groundcherry). Over 1,000 pepper transplants and approximately 500 tomato transplants, collected prior to planting, were negative for CMV by ELISA. In aphid transmission (arena) experiments, all five aphid species tested were capable of transmitting CMV from nightshade to pepper: Aphis fabae subsp. solanella, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Sitobion avenae. Aphis fabae subsp. solanella, A. gossypii, and A. nerii were able to transmit CMV from P. heterophylla to pepper. Aphis fabae subsp. solanella was commonly found colonizing nightshade from May through October in southern Illinois.
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REVISTAS, SISTEMAS, Deisy Lisseth Toloza e Luz Marina Lizarazo. "Poblaciones microbianas asociadas a la rizósfera y filósfera de plantas de uchuva ( Physalis peruviana L.)". Revista de Ciencias 18, n.º 2 (30 de janeiro de 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/rc.v18i2.6092.
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Las plantas tropicales, entre ellas la uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.) se encuentran asociadas con distintos microorganismos, los cuales llevan a cabo diversos procesos como mejoramiento de la disponibilidad y absorción de nutrientes, descomposición de la materia orgánica, protección frente a fitopatógenos, disminución de los niveles de fertilización química, entre otros. Con este trabajo, se identificaron las comunidades bacterianas y fúngicas asociadas a la rizósfera y filósfera de plantas de uchuva en Ciénega (Boyacá). Se tomaron muestras de raíz, suelo rizosférico y hojas de plantas seleccionadas aleatoriamente. Posteriormente, se hicieron diluciones seriadas para el aislamiento de bacterias asociadas a suelo rizosférico, endófitas y epífitas de raíz y hojas, de levaduras y hongos filamentosos epífitos de la filósfera. La abundancia de bacterias endófitas aisladas fue mayor en los dos nichos, con predominio de las formas bacilares Gram negativas con 54.36% en la rizósfera y 48.32% en la filósfera, siendo Pseudomonas el género más común. En cuanto a la micobiota epífita del filoplano, Rhodotorula spp., fue la especie mayoritariamente identificada con 68.18%. Por lo anterior, se hace necesario conocer la microbiota asociada a los cultivos de uchuva como una primera medida para establecer futuras alternativas de biocontrol contra diferentes fitopatógenos del suelo y foliares.
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Mallor, C., M. Luis-Arteaga, M. A. Cambra e S. Fernández-Cavada. "Natural Infection of Field-Grown Borage (Borago officinalis) by Alfalfa mosaic virus in Spain". Plant Disease 86, n.º 6 (junho de 2002): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.6.698a.
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Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) has a wide host range and is distributed throughout the world. It causes disease in several vegetable crops, including bean, celery, lettuce, pea, pepper, and tomato (1). In Spain, it has been found naturally infecting alfalfa, pepper, and tomato. During the autumn of 1999, in the area of Zaragoza (northeastern Spain), several plants expressing foliar yellow mosaic symptoms were observed in borage grown for human consumption in open field plots. The commercial value of the symptomatic plants was greatly reduced. The symptoms were similar to those previously obtained in greenhouse-grown borage plants mechanically inoculated with three tomato isolates of AMV (2). The following indicator species, including virus-free borage plants, were mechanically inoculated with sap from leaves of symptomatic borage plants, and reactions were recorded: chlorotic and necrotic local lesions on Tetragonia expansa and Vigna unguiculata; chlorotic local lesions and systemic mosaic on Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Cucumis sativus ‘Marketmore’, Gomphrena globosa, and Nicotiana glutinosa; systemic mosaic, sometimes associated with localized reactions, on Ocimum basilicum, Capsicum annuum ‘Doux des Landes’ and ‘Yolo Wonder’, N. benthamiana, N. clevelandii, N. rustica, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum ‘Paraguay’ and ‘Xanthi nc’, Petunia hybrida, Physalis floridana, and Solanum melongena ‘Cerna krazavitska’. The reactions are in agreement with the indicator host reactions described for AMV (1). Symptoms on virus-free borage plants mechanically inoculated with sap from symptomatic borage and from inoculated C. amaranticolor and O. basilicum experimental hosts were similar to those observed in naturally infected borage. Positive serological reactions (A405 values more than three times greater than those of the negative controls) in double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercially prepared antiserum against AMV (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN) were obtained with extracts of naturally infected borage leaves and with systemically infected indicator species. Alfalfa plots located in the vicinity of the symptomatic borage plants could be the source of virus for borage infections. To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural AMV infection in Borago spp. References: (1) E. M. J. Jaspars and L. Bos. CMI/AAB. No. 229, 1980. (2) M. Luis-Arteaga and J. M. Alvarez. Inf. Téc. Econ. Agr. 92:70, 1996.
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Estrella Erazo, Fernanda Milena, Miguel Ángel Anchundia Lucas e Wilman Jenny Yambay Vallejo. "Evaluación de las características fisicoquímicas de yogurt con probiótico bifidobacterium spp. formulado con jalea de uvilla y harina de quinua". SATHIRI 16, n.º 2 (23 de dezembro de 2021): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1076.
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La practicidad, conveniencia y cercanía en algunas ocasiones no están relacionadas con la adquisición de productos alimenticios nutritivos, debido a que los patrones alimentarios de ciertas industrias en la actualidad contienen altos porcentajes de grasas saturadas, sodio, azúcares y calorías. Por este motivo, los consumidores en la actualidad exigen al mercado productos sanos y de gran valor nutricional que aporten proteínas, grasas, vitaminas y minerales a la dieta diaria. En la presente investigación se evaluaron las características fisicoquímicas del yogurt con probiótico Bifidobacterium spp. formulado con jalea de uvilla (Physalis peruviana) y harina de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa), como una alternativa alimentaria. Para ello, se valoró dos niveles de jalea de uvilla 25 % y 30 %, y tres niveles de harina de quinua 0,6 %; 0,8 % y 1 %, frente a un tratamiento control 0 %, aplicando un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial AxB. Se realizó seis formulaciones, las mismas que fueron evaluadas sensorialmente, eligiendo al tratamiento T5 (0,8 % de harina de quinua y 30 % de jalea de uvilla) como el más aceptado. En cuanto a las características fisicoquímicas se obtuvo un pH de 4,28 y acidez de 0,765 %; contenido de sólidos totales 23,47%; proteína 3,23 %; grasa 2,88 %; ceniza 0,79 %; fibra 1,82 %; carbohidratos 67,81 %; vitamina C 0,049 %; potasio 1245,03 mg/kg y calcio 738,23 mg/kg, por tanto, se concluye que es un producto nutritivo y saludable, apto para el consumo humano.
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Liu, H. Y., S. T. Koike, D. Xu e R. Li. "First Report of Turnip mosaic virus in Tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica) in California". Plant Disease 96, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2012): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-11-0751.
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Tomatillo is an important vegetable in Mexican cuisine. It is of Mesoamerica origin and now is grown widely in the Western Hemisphere. In 2011, 2% of commercially grown tomatillo plants in San Benito County, California exhibited severe stunting with foliage showing mosaic symptoms and leaf distortion. The fruits on infected plants were mottled and unmarketable. Flexuous filamentous-shaped virus particles of 800 to 850 nm long and 11 to 12 nm wide were observed from sap of the symptomatic plants with a transmission electron microscope. Sap from the diseased tomatillo plants reacted positively in an immunostrip assay for potyvirus (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN), indicating a potyvirus was associated with the disease. The causal agent was mechanically transmitted from the diseased field plants to six virus-free greenhouse tomatillo plants and all inoculated plants induced identical symptoms. The causal agent was also transmitted to Chenopodium quinoa and C. murale (chlorotic local lesions) and Nicotiana clevelandii, N. tabacum, and Physalis wrightii (systemic symptoms). The disease was also transmitted to tomatillo plants by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) in a nonpersistent manner (1-min acquisition access period and 1-min transmission access period with no latent period). To further identify the causal agent, total nucleic acids were extracted by a cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) method (2) and tested by reverse transcription-PCR using potyvirus degenerate primers CIFor and CIRev (1). An amplicon of approximately 700 bp from the diseased tomatillo was cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the 631-bp partial CI sequence (GenBank Accession No. JN601884) showed that the virus had 93.6% nucleotide identity and 100% amino acid identity with cognate regions of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) (GenBank Accession No. D10927). Our results indicated that the disease was caused by TuMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TuMV in tomatillo. Since TuMV has a wide host range and is readily transmitted by green peach aphids, TuMV could be a new threat to tomatillo production in California. References: (1) C. Ha et al. Arch. Virol. 153:25, 2008. (2) R. Li et al. J. Virol. Methods 154:48, 2008.
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Guzmán Cabrera, Sebastián Alfonso, Adelaida María Gaviria Rivera, Jhon Alveiro Quiroz Gamboa e Dario Antonio Castañeda Sánchez. "Modeling of the immature stages of the species of Noctuidae associated with Physalis peruviana L." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 72, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2019): 8673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n1.69922.
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Physalis peruviana L. is currently the second fruit crop more exported of Colombia; however, the pests associated with the culture have been little studied which is important considering that some Noctuidae can cause a decrease of 20% in its production. In this research, the Noctuidae species related to P. peruviana were studied in three farms of La Unión, Antioquia, Colombia. Twelve sampling units, with 30- and 45-day transplanted plants, were distributed throughout the farms and sampled biweekly from March 1st to August 29th of 2014. In the plant canopy and the planted area, immature stages were registered, and statistic models were built in order to describe their trend. The taxonomic identification of adults was made by comparing with the Noctuidae collection of Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego at Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellín, and by using taxonomic keys. Nine Noctuidae species were found in total. Six models were built, four oviposition models for Agrotis ipsilon and Spodoptera spp., Copitarsia decolora and Heliothis subflexa, Megalographa biloba, and Peridroma saucia; a model for larvae and pupae stages was built. The oviposition model for P. saucia was the more adjusted, with a Root mean squared predictive difference (RMSPD) of 0.84. The other studied models were suitable to describe the trend of the immature stages; except for M. biloba model. This research revealed the ecological characteristics of the Noctuidae species associated with the golden berry crop that affect its productivity.
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Achatz, Tyler J., Eric E. Pulis, Daniel González-Acuña e Vasyl V. Tkach. "Phylogenetic Relationships of Cardiocephaloides spp. (Digenea, Diplostomoidea) and the Genetic Characterization of Cardiocephaloides physalis from Magellanic Penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus, in Chile". Acta Parasitologica 65, n.º 2 (9 de janeiro de 2020): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-019-00162-5.
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SESTRAS, Radu E. "Introduction pages". Notulae Scientia Biologicae 14, n.º 1 (29 de março de 2022): 11234. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb14111234.
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Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 1, Volume 14, 2022: The papers published in this issue represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting researches or reviews, we invite readers to find news about: Using sumac (Rhus coriaria L.), as a miraculous spice with outstanding pharmacological activities; The role of silicon in plant under normal conditions and stress; Use of biostimulant compounds in agriculture: chitosan as a sustainable option for plant development; Post-monsoon bird assemblages in rural and riverine environments of Northern Howrah, West Bengal, India: A spatio-temporal approach; First report of ectoparasites from black rats (Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758) in oasis regions from Algeria; Traditional fishing gears of Bankura District, WB, India: Some uniqueness in fish catching; Pathogenicity and control of Meloidogyne spp. on some spinach, Swiss chard, and table beet plant cultivars; Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on growth and yield of Physalis peruviana L. crop under Mediterranean conditions; Chemical composition analysis and biological activities of essential oil from Eucalyptus polybractea (L.), growing in plains of Punjab, Northern India, by two different hydro-distillation methods.
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Pérez-Herrera, Aleyda, Gabino A. Martínez-Gutiérrez, Frank M. León-Martínez e Marco A. Sánchez-Medina. "The effect of the presence of seeds on the nutraceutical, sensory and rheological properties of Physalis spp. Fruits jam: A comparative analysis". Food Chemistry 302 (janeiro de 2020): 125141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125141.
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Lee, Lawrence, Peter Palukaitis e Stewart M. Gray. "Host-Dependent Requirement for the Potato leafroll virus 17-kDa Protein in Virus Movement". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, n.º 10 (outubro de 2002): 1086–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.10.1086.
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The requirement for the 17-kDa protein (P17) of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in virus movement was investigated in four plant species: potato (Solanum tuberosum), Physalis floridana, Nicotiana benthamiana, and N. clevelandii. Two PLRV P17 mutants were characterized, one that does not translate the P17 and another that expresses a P17 missing the first four amino acids. The P17 mutants were able to replicate and accumulate in agroinoculated leaves of potato and P. floridana, but they were unable to move into vascular tissues and initiate a systemic infection in these plants. In contrast, the P17 mutants were able to spread systemically from inoculated leaves in both Nicotiana spp., although the efficiency of infection was reduced relative to wild-type PLRV. Examination of virus distribution in N. benthamiana plants using tissue immunoblotting techniques revealed that the wild-type PLRV and P17 mutants followed a similar movement pathway out of the inoculated leaves. Virus first moved upward to the apical tissues and then downward. The P17 mutants, however, infected fewer phloem-associated cells, were slower than wild-type PLRV in moving out of the inoculated tissue and into apical tissues, and were unable to infect any mature leaves present on the plant at the time of inoculation.
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Luis-Arteaga, M., e M. A. Cambra. "First Report of Natural Infection of Greenhouse-Grown Tomato and Weed Species by Pelargonium zonate spot virus in Spain". Plant Disease 84, n.º 7 (julho de 2000): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.7.807c.
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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants showing severe chlorotic and necrotic ringspots, line patterns on leaves, and concentric chlorotic ringspots on stems and fruits were observed in plastic greenhouse-grown tomato crops cv. Royesta during the spring of 1996 in Zaragoza province, Northeast Spain. Symptoms were similar to those associated with Pelargonium zonate spot virus (PZSV) infection on tomato in Italy (1,2). The causal agent was mechanically transmitted from leaf, fruit, and stem samples to several indicator species. The following host reactions were recorded: chlorotic local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Cucumis sativus, and Cucurbita pepo, and systemic reactions, sometimes associated with localized reactions, on Capsicum annuum ‘Doux des Landes’ and ‘Yolo Wonder’, Datura stramonium, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana clevelandii, N. glutinosa, N. megalosiphon, N. rustica, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum ‘Paraguay’, ‘Samsun’, and ‘Xanthi nc’, Ocimum basilicum, Petunia hybrida, Physalis floridana, Solanum melongena, and Vigna unguiculata. Symptoms obtained in indicator species were erratic. During the spring of 1999, naturally occurring symptoms appeared again on tomato plants, cultivars Royesta and Bond, growing in greenhouses in the same area. Positive serological reactions with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a commercial PZSV antiserum (Agdia Inc.), developed against an Italian isolate of PZSV, were obtained with extracts from leaves, stems, and fruits of tomato plants naturally infected (1999) and from systemically infected indicator species mechanically inoculated with sap from tomato samples (1996 and 1999). Serological results were confirmed by molecular hybridization analysis using a PZSV-specific riboprobe (D. Gallitelli, personal communication). Some of the weeds growing around the greenhouses (Capsella bursa-pastoris, Diplotaxis erucoides, Picris echioides, and Sonchus oleraceus) also tested positive for PZSV (A405nm values greater than three times that of healthy plants). However, other weed species such as Anacyclus tomentosus, Beta maritima, Cardaria draba, Malva sylvestris, Medicago sp., Polygonum aviculare, Rumex sp., and Sisymbrium irio tested negative, while results from tests on Borago officinalis, Bromus rigidus, and Convolvulus arvensis were inconclusive. Symptoms like those of naturally infected tomato plants were reproduced by mechanically inoculating tomato seedlings with sap from PZSV-infected tobacco (Nicotiana glutinosa and N. tabacum ‘Paraguay’) or from Physalis floridana plants. References: (1) D. Gallitelli. Ann. Appl. Biol. 100:457, 1982. (2) C. Vovlas et al. Inform. Fitopatol. 2:39, 1986.
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Naranjo, Steven E., Peter C. Ellsworth e David A. Dierig. "Impact of Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Damage, Yield and Quality of Lesquerella (Physaria fendleri), a Potential New Oil-Seed Crop". Journal of Economic Entomology 104, n.º 5 (1 de outubro de 2011): 1575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ec11089.
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Archer, Frederick I., Robert L. Brownell, Brittany L. Hancock-Hanser, Phillip A. Morin, Kelly M. Robertson, Kathryn K. Sherman, John Calambokidis et al. "Revision of fin whale Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758) subspecies using genetics". Journal of Mammalogy 100, n.º 5 (20 de agosto de 2019): 1653–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz121.
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Abstract Three subspecies of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) are currently recognized, including the northern fin whale (B. p. physalus), the southern fin whale (B. p. quoyi), and the pygmy fin whale (B. p. patachonica). The Northern Hemisphere subspecies encompasses fin whales in both the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. A recent analysis of 154 mitogenome sequences of fin whales from these two ocean basins and the Southern Hemisphere suggested that the North Pacific and North Atlantic populations should be treated as different subspecies. Using these mitogenome sequences, in this study, we conduct analyses on a larger mtDNA control region data set, and on 23 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 144 of the 154 samples in the mitogenome data set. Our results reveal that North Pacific and North Atlantic fin whales can be correctly assigned to their ocean basin with 99% accuracy. Results of the SNP analysis indicate a correct classification rate of 95%, very low rates of gene flow among ocean basins, and that distinct mitogenome matrilines in the North Pacific are interbreeding. These results indicate that North Pacific fin whales should be recognized as a separate subspecies, with the name B. p. velifera Cope in Scammon 1869 as the oldest available name.
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Leite, Romeu da Silva, Marilza Neves do Nascimento, Daniele de Brito Trindade, Alismário Leite da Silva, Uasley Caldas de Oliveira e Ianna Kamyla Freitas Lima. "Nitric oxide improves gas exchange and growth in Physalis angulata plants under water deficit". October 2021, n.º 15(10):2021 (2 de outubro de 2021): 1238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.10.p2930.
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Plant sensitization with nitric oxide (NO) donors may improve the tolerance to abiotic stresses such as water deficit. Physalis angulata is a genetic resource growing in semiarid areas of Brazil, with the potential for fruit growing and medicinal uses. In this experiment sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor was sprayed at three concentrations (0, 50 and 100 µM) at 25 and 49 days after transplantation in well-watered plants and underwater deficit to evaluate the NO mitigating role. The gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, water relations, growth and productivity parameters were evaluated. The water deficit negatively influenced most of the variables analyzed. However, the SNP spray was able to attenuate, reverse or act in the recovery of stress effects. There was an improvement in gas exchange, especially carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration; as well as an increase in total chlorophyll content. The donated NO was able to influence the plant water status. Besides, it promoted an increase in growth parameters, especially in photoassimilates incorporation and yield. However, the NO supply to plants under well-watered conditions does not seem to affect the physiology parameters. The NO supply in micromolar concentrations can attenuate or even reverse the water deficit effects on this species, being an important tool for promoting tolerance to this abiotic stress
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Ernawati, Ni Made Laksmi, e I. Ketut Ngawit. "EKSPLORASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI GULMA, HIJAUAN PAKAN DAN LIMBAH PERTANIAN YANG DIMANFAATKAN SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK DI WILAYAH LAHAN KERING LOMBOK UTARA". Buletin Peternakan 39, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v39i2.6713.
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<p>Difficulties on weeds control and fodder scarcity in dry season are the major problems at dry land. Aim of this research was to identify and to explore the potency of several kinds of weeds, forages, and agricultural wastes that can be used as fodder, and further might be processed to make hay and silage. Explorative research to identify, observe, and collect data has been done using descriptive method of dominant weeds, forages, and agricultural waste that frequently used as fodder by farmers. The farmer’s decision to use weeds, forages, and agricultural wastes were determined by preference level of cattles and farmers empirical experiences. Result showed that dominant weeds found were broad leafed weeds with domination level 34.62-81.45% and narrow leafed weeds (grasses and teki) with domination level 28.65-65.38%. Broad leafed weeds that generally used as fodder were Cintella asiatica, Amaranthus spp., Mikania sp., Cyclosorous aridus, Gleichenia linearis, Physalis angulata, Portulaca oleracea, Mucaena pruriens, and Desmodium scalpe. Grasses weeds and teki were potential fodder with preference level of cattle from very much like to extremely like. Forage and agricultural waste that be potential as fodder were gamal leaf, sengon leaf, banana leaf and stem and coconut, agricultural waste of peanuts, corn, and sweet potato.</p><p>(Key words: Animal feed, Agricultural wastes, Dry land, Fodder, Forage, Identification and exploration, Weeds)</p>
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Hoberg, Eric P., e Peter G. Ryan. "Ecology of helminth parasitism in Puffinus gravis (Procellariiformes) on the breeding grounds at Gough Island". Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1989): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-030.
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Great shearwaters, Puffinus gravis, on the breeding grounds at Gough Island in the central South Atlantic were hosts for seven species of gastrointestinal helminths (range, two to five species per host; abundance = 114–4016 parasites per host). Cestodes, including Tetrabothrius laccocephalus, Tetrabothrius diomedea, Tetrabothrius filiformis, and metacestodes of Tetrabothrius sp., a strigeid trematode, Cardiocephaloides physalis, and an acanthocephalan, Corynosoma australe, occurred in the small intestine. Nematodes, Seuratia shipleyi and larvae of Contracaecum sp., were found in the proventriculus. Great shearwaters had not previously been recognized as hosts for T. filiformis, T. diomedea, and Cardiocephaloides, while C. australe is reported for the first time in an avian host. Populations of the five most abundant and prevalent helminths (Tetrabothrius spp. and Cardiocephaloides) were overdispersed. The patterns of diversity (measured by Brillouin's index), species richness, and abundance in the intestinal helminth community from P. gravis were at the lower end of a continuum for equivalent communities in avian hosts from terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The predictable breeding phenology of P. gravis at Gough Island and the distribution of immature or recently acquired helminths indicated that the major component of the parasite fauna was derived in the South Atlantic Ocean adjacent to the breeding grounds during the austral spring. The distribution of helminth parasites of great shearwaters is discussed with reference to food habits and long-range migration of the hosts.
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Park, Sunmin, Meiling Liu e Shaokai Huang. "Association of Polygenic Variants Involved in Immunity and Inflammation with Duodenal Ulcer Risk and Their Interaction with Irregular Eating Habits". Nutrients 15, n.º 2 (6 de janeiro de 2023): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020296.
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Genetic and environmental factors are associated with developing and progressing duodenal ulcer (DU) risk. However, the exact nature of the disease pathophysiology and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)—lifestyle interaction has yet to be determined. The purpose of the present study was to examine the SNPs linked to DU risk and their interaction with lifestyles and diets in a large hospital-based cohort of Asians. Based on an earlier diagnosis, the participants were divided into the DU (case; n = 1088) and non-DU (control, n = 56,713) groups. The SNP associated with DU risk were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS), and those promoted genetic impact with SNP–SNP interactions were identified with generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis. The interaction between polygenic risk score (PRS) calculated from the selected genetic variants and nutrient were examined. They were related to actin modification, immune response, and cell migration by modulating leucine-rich repeats (LRR) domain binding, Shaffer interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) targets in myeloma vs. mature B lymphocyte, and Reactome runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3). Among the selected SNPs, rs11230563 (R225W) showed missense mutation and low binding affinity with different food components in the autodock analysis. Glycyrrhizin, physalin B, janthitrem F, and casuarinin lowered it in only wild CD6 protein but not in mutated CD6. Plastoquinone 8, solamargine, saponin D, and matesaponin 2 decreased energy binding affinity in mutated CD6 proteins. The PRS of the 5-SNP and 6-SNP models exhibited a positive association with DU risk (OR = 3.14). The PRS of the 5-SNP PRS model interacted with irregular eating habits and smoking status. In participants with irregular eating habits or smokers, DU incidence was much higher in the participants with high PRS than in those with low PRS. In conclusion, the genetic impact of DU risk was mainly in regulating immunity, inflammation, and actin modification. Adults who are genetically susceptible to DU need to eat regularly and to be non-smokers. The results could be applied to personalize nutrition.
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Marcer, F., E. Negrisolo, G. Franzo, C. Tessarin, M. Pietrobelli e E. Marchiori. "Morphological and molecular characterization of adults and larvae of Crassicauda spp. (Nematoda: Spirurida) from Mediterranean fin whales Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758)". International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 9 (agosto de 2019): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.06.004.
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Ward, L. I., J. Tang, S. Veerakone, B. D. Quinn, S. J. Harper, C. Delmiglio e G. R. G. Clover. "First Report of Potato spindle tuber viroid in Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) in New Zealand". Plant Disease 94, n.º 4 (abril de 2010): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-4-0479a.
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In February 2009, 10 cape gooseberry plants (Physalis peruviana) grown from seed on a domestic property in Christchurch, New Zealand, showed severe leaf distortion, fasciation and etiolation of growing tips, and weak flowering. Symptoms were first observed in the emerging seedlings. No virus particles were observed in sap from infected plants with the electron microscope. Total RNA was isolated from leaves of the 10 plants with a Qiagen RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Valencia, CA). All 10 plants tested positive for Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (1) and by RT-PCR with PSTVd-specific primers (3) and generic pospiviroid primers (4). For both conventional PCRs, the expected 359-bp amplicons were sequenced directly and sequences were aligned together to create a consensus sequence (GenBank Accession No. FJ797614). BLASTn analysis showed 98% nucleotide identity to PSTVd (EU862231, DQ308556, X17268, and AY532801–AY532804). Sap from one of the infected plants was mechanically inoculated onto healthy P. peruviana, Solanum lycopersicum ‘Rutgers’, Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Cucumis sativum ‘Crystal Apple’, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. clevelandii, N. occidentalis ‘37B’, N. tabacum ‘WB’, N. sylvestris, and Phaseolus vulgaris ‘Prince’. After 4 weeks, the leaves of the ‘Rutgers’ tomato plants were showing severe distortion, purpling, and necrosis of mid-veins and P. peruviana plants were showing distortion of newly emerging apical leaves. Healthy control P. peruviana were asymptomatic. Symptoms appeared milder than that observed in the original P. peruviana plants, but this may be related to different environmental conditions or age or growth stage of the plants when inoculated. All other indicator plants were symptomless, but along with P. peruviana, tested positive for PSTVd by real-time RT-PCR (1). The presence of PSTVd was further confirmed in one original symptomatic and the mechanically inoculated P. peruviana plants and in the indicator plants by dot-blot hybridization with a digoxygenin-labeled synthetic ssRNA probe specific to the full-length PSTVd genome. PSTVd has been reported in New Zealand previously in commercial glasshouse crops of tomatoes and peppers (2), but was eradicated and so remains a regulated pest. The plants were grown from seeds imported from Germany and it is possible that the infection was seedborne. PSTVd was reported in young cape gooseberry seedlings in Germany and Turkey but the infection was asymptomatic (5). Symptoms were associated with the PSTVd-infected cape gooseberry in New Zealand. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the viroid in domestically grown plants in New Zealand, and only the second report of PSTVd in cape gooseberry worldwide. Our findings suggest that this species is an emerging host for PSTVd and that dissemination of seed may provide a pathway for international movement of the viroid. References: (1) N. Boonham et al. J. Virol. Methods 116:139, 2004. (2) B. S. M. Lebas et al. Australas. Plant Pathol. 34:129, 2005. (3) A. M. Shamoul et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 19:89, 1997. (4) J. T. H. Verhoeven et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:823, 2004. (5) J. T. H. Verhoeven et al. Plant Dis. 93:316, 2009.