Bibliografias temáticas / Phonologyx

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Phonologyx"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Phonologyx"

Odisho, Edward Y. "Neural Phonology A Multisensory, Multicognitive Approach to its Enhancement in Teaching Pronunciation". Linguarum Arena 14 (2023): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/1647-8770/are14a1.

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As a reaction to the pedagogical needs of adult learners in mastering speech sounds and sound phenomena unfamiliar to their L1 phonology, there surfaced a pressing need for a radical change in the overall approach to teaching them. A transition had to be gradually implemented in the form of a multisensory (auditory, visual, tactile-kinesthetic) strategies to be propped up with a set of multicognitive ones (e.g. think, associate, analyze, synthesize, memorize) in lieu of the traditional audiolingual one. During the implementation of such strategies for a few years, a fully-fledged approach emerged and titled as: Multisensory, Multicognitive Approach to Teaching Pronunciation (MMA). Further classroom experience with MMA, led to the reconsideration of the linguistic domain of phonology for theoretical and applied purposes and recognizing it in two sections i.e., linguistic phonologyvs. neural phonology. Below are a few reasons for introducing neural phonology. First, traditional phonology barely refers to the role of the brain in internalizing additional phonological constituents when targeting L2/FL as adults. Second, teaching phonology and the mastery of unfamiliar sound units/features to learners of L2/FL has been conventionally attempted in a unisensory(monosensory) manner, the auditory sense in this case, which tends to be less efficient and effective with many adults. Third, in real classroom situations there seems to be greater need to diversify and refine the sensory and cognitive strategies/techniques in teaching both sections of phonology, especially the neural one. Fourth, emphasizing the two sections further enhances the overall pedagogical and didactic worth of MMA.

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Macken, Marlys A., e Joseph C. Salmons. "Prosodic Templates in Sound Change". Diachronica 14, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1997): 31–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.14.1.03mac.

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SUMMARY Prosodic Morphology and Phonology have extended the prosodic hierarchy to solve recalcitrant problems in a number of areas and, more recently, work on phonological acquisition has determined that a prosodic template is a basic organizing unit for the acquisition of features and generalizations across the lexicon. While synchronic phonological theory in general has long exploited such higher prosodic entities, little has been done along these lines in historical phonology. This paper extends that template to another kind of change across states in time, namely to the analysis of a set of superficially quite diverse sound changes in Mixtec Highlands or Alta Mixtec dialects have a broad tendency to reduce historically more complex roots to a CV(C)V, disyllabic foot, with an onset of minimal sonority and fullest possible phonetic implementation, plus many shared specifications for both vowels. The template allows a coherent and unified account of these various changes. Incorporating a prosodic template into the analysis of sound change suggests new approaches to other longstanding problems in historical phonology as well as substantially broadens and strengthens prosodically-oriented theories of sound change. Ultimately, this diachronic study provides striking and independent support for the general role of a prosodic template in phonology, as well as further underpinning the acquisitional work for which the template was first posited. RÉSUMÉ La morphologie et la phonologie prosodiques ont etendu la hierarchie pro-sodique dans le but de resoudre des problemes durables dans plusieurs do-maines. Plus recemment, le fait de travailler sur 1'acquisition phonologique a determine qu'un gabarit prosodique est une unite fondamentale d'organisation pour l' acquisition des traits et des generalisations a travers le lexique. Tandis que la theorie phonologique synchronique a en general exploite depuis long-temps les entites prosodiques au dela de la syllabe, ces lignes de recherche ont ete assez peu exploitees en phonologie historique. Cet article etend ce gabarit a un autre type de changement a travers des etats de temps, c'est-a-dire a l'ana-lyse d'un groupe de changements phonetiques a premiere vue differents en Mixtec. Les dialectes du Mixtec des Hautes-Terres ou de 1'Alta ont une disposition prononcee a reduire des racines historiquement plus complexes a une structure CV(C)V, i.e., un pied disyllabique, avec un commencement de so-norite minimale et 1'implementation phonetique la plus complete possible, plus la specification partagee par deux voyelles. Le gabarit permet d'expliquer de fagon coherente et unifiee ces changements varies. Ce genre d'incorporation d'un gabarit prosodique a l'analyse d'un changement sonore ouvre la porte a des approches nouvelles a d'autres problemes de longue date en phonologie historique, elargit substantiellement et renforce les theories prosodiques orien-tees vers le changement phonetique. Enfin, cette etude diachronique fournit un soutien remarquable et independant au role general d'un gabarit prosodique en phonologie, ainsi que l'etaiement plus pousse du travail sur l'acquisition du langage qui a mene a la theorie du gabarit. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die prosodische Morphologie und Phonologie haben die prosodische Hie-rarchie erweitert und eine Reihe von Losungen seit langem bestehender Pro-bleme herbeigeführt. AuBerdem ist jüngster Zeit auf dem Gebiet des Erstspra-chenerwerbs der Nachweis erbracht worden, daB eine 'prosodische Schablone' ('prosodic template') als eine dem Erwerb phonologischer Merkmale wie auch lexikalischer Verallgemeinerungen zugrunde liegende organisierende Einheit dient. Wahrend synchron-orientierte Forscher schon seit langerer Zeit mit sol-chen hoheren prosodischen Einheiten Fortschritte erzielt haben, hat man in der diachronen Phonologie bisher nur wenig mit diesen Einsichten unternommen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz baut diese Schablone aus, um diachrone Entwicklun-gen zu erfassen, hier am Beispiel einer diversen Gruppe von Lautentwicklun-gen im Mixtekischen. Die sogenannten 'Highlands' bzw. 'Alta' Dialekte zeigen namlich starke Tendenzen zur Reduktion von historisch komplexeren Wurzeln zu einem einfachen metrischen FuB vom Typ CV(C)V, wo der anlautende Konsonant minimale Sonoritat und eine stark ausgepragte phonetische Reali-sierung besitzt, mit weiteren Tendenzen zur Harmonie zwischen den beiden Vokalen. Der Begriff der 'prosodischen Schablone' ermoglicht auf diese Weise eine einheitliche, zusammenhangende Analyse dieser vielfaltigen Veranderun-gen, bahnt neuen Losungen alter historischer Probleme den Weg und unter-mauert prosodisch-orientierte Theorien des Lautwandels. Dariiber hinaus bietet diese historische Studie auch unabhangige und auffallende Unterstützung der generellen Rolle einer prosodischen Schablone in der Phonologie und im Spracherwerb.

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Downing, Laura J. "Questions in Bantu languages: prosodies and positions". ZAS Papers in Linguistics 55 (1 de janeiro de 2011): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.55.2011.404.

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The papers in this volume were originally presented at the Workshop on Bantu Wh-questions, held at the Institut des Sciences de l’Homme, Université Lyon 2, on 25-26 March 2011, which was organized by the French-German cooperative project on the Phonology/Syntax Interface in Bantu Languages (BANTU PSYN). This project, which is funded by the ANR and the DFG, comprises three research teams, based in Berlin, Paris and Lyon. The Berlin team, at the ZAS, is: Laura Downing (project leader) and Kristina Riedel (post-doc). The Paris team, at the Laboratoire de phonétique et phonologie (LPP; UMR 7018), is: Annie Rialland (project leader), Cédric Patin (Maître de Conférences, STL, Université Lille 3), Jean-Marc Beltzung (post-doc), Martial Embanga Aborobongui (doctoral student), Fatima Hamlaoui (post-doc). The Lyon team, at the Dynamique du Langage (UMR 5596) is: Gérard Philippson (project leader) and Sophie Manus (Maître de Conférences, Université Lyon 2). These three research teams bring together the range of theoretical expertise necessary to investigate the phonology-syntax interface: intonation (Patin, Rialland), tonal phonology (Aborobongui, Downing, Manus, Patin, Philippson, Rialland), phonology-syntax interface (Downing, Patin) and formal syntax (Riedel, Hamlaoui). They also bring together a range of Bantu language expertise: Western Bantu (Aboronbongui, Rialland), Eastern Bantu (Manus, Patin, Philippson, Riedel), and Southern Bantu (Downing).

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Granzotti, Raphaela Barroso Guedes, Silvia Fabiana Biason de Moura Negrini, Marisa Tomoe Hebihara Fukuda e Osvaldo Massaiti Takayanagui. "Language aspects of children infected with HIV". Revista CEFAC 15, n.º 6 (16 de abril de 2013): 1621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-18462013005000017.

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PURPOSE: to assess the lexical proficiency and the incidence of phonologic disorders in the language of children infected with HIV. METHOD: the study population consisted of 31 children between three and seven year-old. For evaluation purposes the Test of Infantile Language - ABFW was applied in the areas of phonology and vocabulary. RESULTS: the results obtained were analyzed according to the clinical criteria for the classification of the disease proposed by the CDC and regarding the immunological profile and the viral burden using the Mann-Whitney test for statistical analysis. In the vocabulary evaluation, 100% of the children presented an inappropriate response for their age in at least two distinct conceptual fields. In the phonologic evaluation, 67.7% of the assessed children were considered to be affected by some phonologic disorder. When we compared adequate and inadequate results of phonologic evaluation to the clinical and immunological parameters of AIDS such as clinical classification (p=0,16), CD4 count (p=0,37) and viral burden (p=0,82), we did not detect a statistically significant relation between language alterations and disease severity. CONCLUSION: this research has shown that the studied group presents a high risk for language disorders and that constant phonoaudiological follow-up is essential to identify the alterations in early stage.

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Jerger, Susan, Lydia Lai e Virginia A. Marchman. "Picture Naming by Children with Hearing Loss: II. Effect of Phonologically Related Auditory Distractors". Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 13, n.º 09 (outubro de 2002): 478–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1716010.

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Thirty children with hearing loss (HL) and 129 typically developing (TD) children representing comparable ages, vocabulary abilities, or phonology skills named pictures while attempting to ignore auditory distractors. The picture-distractor pairs were constructed to represent phonologically congruent or conflicting onset relations, for example, the picture "duck" with distractors of /d∧/ or /p∧/, respectively. In children with good phoneme discrimination, congruent distractors speeded naming and conflicting distractors slowed naming, relative to a control condition. Effects were similar in HL and TD subgroups. In children with poorer phoneme discrimination, conflicting distractors did not influence naming in the HL subgroup, regardless of discrimination status, and consistently slowed naming only for discriminated contrasts in the TD subgroup. Phonologic representations appear suitably fine-grained in HL children with good auditory perceptual abilities but may be less well specified, more holistic, and/or less auditory-linguistically based in HL children with poorer auditory perceptual abilities. Results are discussed in terms of the heterogeneous nature of phonologic processing in children with HL.

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Booth, James R., Douglas D. Burman, Joel R. Meyer, Darren R. Gitelman, Todd B. Parrish e M. Marsel Mesulam. "Development of Brain Mechanisms for Processing Orthographic and Phonologic Representations". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, n.º 7 (setembro de 2004): 1234–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929041920496.

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Developmental differences in the neurocognitive networks for lexical processing were examined in 15 adults and 15 children (9-to 12-year-olds) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The lexical tasks involved spelling and rhyming judgments in either the visual or auditory modality. These lexical tasks were compared with nonlinguistic control tasks involving judgments of line patterns or tone sequences. The first main finding was that adults showed greater activation than children during the cross-modal lexical tasks in a region proposed to be involved in mapping between orthographic and phonologic representations. The visual rhyming task, which required conversion from orthography to phonology, produced greater activation for adults in the angular gyrus. The auditory spelling task, which required the conversion from phonology to orthography, also produced greater activation for adults in the angular gyrus. The greater activation for adults suggests they may have a more elaborated posterior heteromodal system for mapping between representational systems. The second main finding was that adults showed greater activation than children during the intra-modal lexical tasks in the angular gyrus. The visual spelling and auditory rhyming did not require conversion between orthography and phonology for correct performance but the adults showed greater activation in a system implicated for this mapping. The greater activation for adults suggests that they have more interactive convergence between representational systems during lexical processing.

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DURAND, JACQUES, e CHANTAL LYCHE. "French liaison in the light of corpus data". Journal of French Language Studies 18, n.º 1 (março de 2008): 33–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269507003158.

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ABSTRACTFrench liaison has long been a favourite testing ground for phonological theories, a situation which can undoubtedly be attributed to the complexity of the phenomenon, involving in particular phonology/syntax, phonology/morphology, phonology/lexicon interfaces. Dealing with liaison requires stepping into all the components of the grammar, while at the same time tackling the quick sands of variation. The data on which a number of formal analyses are based have often been a source of concern since liaison, in part because of its intrinsic variable character, requires extensive and robust data. In the wake of the results from the study of other corpora, we present here extensive results based on the PFC database (Phonologie du français contemporain: usages, variétés et structures) and point to their implications for models of linguistic structure. While we do not believe that a motivated theoretical account can be mechanically extracted from the data, we conclude that future analyses will have to take explicitly into account the results of extensive corpus work as well as sociolinguistic surveys, acquisition studies, experimental phonetics and (neuro-)psycho-linguistic investigations, including the relationship between speech and writing. As stressed in Chevrot, Fayol and Laks (2005), these analyses will have to acknowledge that French liaison is not a homogeneous locus but a multi-faceted phenomenon requiring us to accept, without demur, the crossing of disciplinary boundaries.

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Madden, Elizabeth Brookshire, Tim Conway, Maya L. Henry, Kristie A. Spencer, Kathryn M. Yorkston e Diane L. Kendall. "The Relationship Between Non-Orthographic Language Abilities and Reading Performance in Chronic Aphasia: An Exploration of the Primary Systems Hypothesis". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, n.º 12 (10 de dezembro de 2018): 3038–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-18-0058.

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Purpose This study investigated the relationship between non-orthographic language abilities and reading in order to examine assumptions of the primary systems hypothesis and further our understanding of language processing poststroke. Method Performance on non-orthographic semantic, phonologic, and syntactic tasks, as well as oral reading and reading comprehension tasks, was assessed in 43 individuals with aphasia. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between these measures. In addition, analyses of variance examined differences within and between reading groups (within normal limits, phonological, deep, or global alexia). Results Results showed that non-orthographic language abilities were significantly related to reading abilities. Semantics was most predictive of regular and irregular word reading, whereas phonology was most predictive of pseudohomophone and nonword reading. Written word and paragraph comprehension were primarily supported by semantics, whereas written sentence comprehension was related to semantic, phonologic, and syntactic performance. Finally, severity of alexia was found to reflect severity of semantic and phonologic impairment. Conclusions Findings support the primary systems view of language by showing that non-orthographic language abilities and reading abilities are closely linked. This preliminary work requires replication and extension; however, current results highlight the importance of routine, integrated assessment and treatment of spoken and written language in aphasia. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7403963

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Pathan, Habibullah, Marta Szczepaniak, Ayesha Sohail, Ambreen Shahriar e Jam Khan Mohammad. "Polish and English phonology". International Journal of Academic Research 6, n.º 2 (30 de março de 2014): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-2/b.1.

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Daland, Robert. "What is computational phonology?" Loquens 1, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2014): e004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2014.004.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Phonologyx"

Quinio, Julie. "La phonologie des emprunts français non anglicisés en anglais". Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040014/document.

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Ce travail porte sur la phonologie des emprunts français non-anglicisés, c’est-à-dire qui ne suivent pas toutes les règles de l’anglais et conservent des caractéristiques françaises. Dans la première partie, nous décrivons la méthodologie employée pour la sélection du corpus, ce qui nous amène à étudier la terminologie utilisée dans la linguistique de l’emprunt, et présentons la base de données qui servira à l’analyse de ces emprunts. Dans la seconde partie, nous supprimons de cette base de données initiale toutes les variantes anglicisées, ce qui donne lieu à de nombreuses discussions sur la phonologie de l’anglais. Enfin, la dernière partie présente l’analyse de la base de données finale, ne contenant que des variantes non-anglicisées. En partant de l’idée que ces emprunts imitent la prononciation française, nous montrons comment les phonèmes français sont adaptés en anglais, et de quelle manière les locuteurs anglophones signalent l’origine française d’un mot
This study focuses on the phonology of non-anglicized French loanwords, i.e. those which do not follow all English rules and retain French characteristics. The first part describes the methodology used for the selection of the corpus, which brings about discussions on loanword terminology, and presents the database that will be used in the analysis of these loanwords. The second part is dedicated to the deletion of the anglicized variants remaining in the database, which brings about many discussions on English phonology. Finally, the last part presents the analysis of the final database, containing only non-anglicized variants. Starting with the idea that these loanwords imitate the French pronunciation, we show how French phonemes are adapted into English, and how English speakers indicate the French origin of a word

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Chevrier, Natacha. "Analyse de la phonologie du bribri (chibcha) dans une perspective typologique : nasalité et géminée modulée". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2033/document.

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Le bribri est une langue chibcha parlée au Costa Rica (Amérique Centrale). Les langues chibcha représentent la principale famille de l’Aire Intermédiaire (Constenla 1991), qui relie la Mesoamérique aux zones amazonienne et andine. Ce sont cependant toutes des langues en danger, encore relativement peu décrites.Cette thèse est une analyse de la phonologie du bribri (Schlabach 1974 ; Wilson 1974 ; Constenla 1981 ; Jara 2004), problématisée autour de ses caractéristiques typologiques :(i) Le système nasal : le bribri fait partie des rares langues du monde dans lesquelles la nasalité n’est pas distinctive pour les consonnes. Les consonnes nasales présentes dans l’output sont le résultat d’harmonies nasales (Cohn 1993 ; Walker 1998, 2001) et d’hypervoisement par abaissement du voile du palais (Iverson & Salmons 1996 ; Solé 2009). Alors que le premier processus avait en partie été décrit pour le bribri (Wilson 1970 ; Constenla 1982, 1985 ; Tohsaku 1987), le second n’avait pas encore été identifié.(ii) La consonne /tk/ : une unité distinctive, combinant deux lieux, sans pour autant être une consonne doublement articulée, contrairement à ce qui avait précédemment été décrit (Lehmann 1920 ; Schlabach 1974 ; Wilson 1974 ; Constenla 1981 ; Jara 2004). Je propose de l’analyser comme une géminée modulée (contour segment, Sagey 1990).La présente étude s’inscrit dans la lignée des travaux qui considèrent que les structures phonologiques doivent être expliquées par des contraintes phonétiques, comme les travaux précurseurs d’Ohala (1975, 1981, 1983). J’utilise plus particulièrement le modèle de la Phonologie Articulatoire (Browman & Goldstein 1986, 1989). Les analyses s’appuient sur des données acoustiques, récoltées dans deux communautés bribri entre 2012 et 2014 (Bajo Coen - Coroma et Amubre).En plus d’une démarche typologique et phonétique, j’adopte une approche dialectale et diachronique, afin de mieux appréhender le système phonologique de la langue
Bribri is a Chibchan language spoken in Costa Rica (Central America). Chibchan languages form the main family of the Intermediate Area (Constenla 1991), which links Mesoamerica to the Amazonian and the Andean regions. All of them are endangered and are still under described.This dissertation provides an analysis of Bribri phonology (Schlabach 1974; Wilson 1974; Constenla 1981; Jara 2004) problematized according to its typological characteristics:(i) The nasal system: Bribri is among the few languages in the world to lack distinctive nasal consonants. The nasal consonants present in the output result from nasal harmony (Cohn 1993; Walker 1998, 2001) and hypervoicing through velopharyngeal opening (Iverson & Salmons 1996; Solé 2009). While the first process has been partially described for Bribri (Wilson 1970; Constenla 1982, 1985; Tohsaku 1987), the second has not been individuated in the language.(ii) The consonant /tk/: the consonant /tk/ is a distinctive unit which combines two places of articulation. Contrary to what has been previously described (Lehmann 1920; Schlabach 1974; Wilson 1974; Constenla 1981; Jara 2004), it is not a doubly articulated consonant. I propose to analyse it as a contour geminate consonant (based on the concept of contour segment, Sagey 1990).Following Ohala’s pioneering work (1975, 1981, 1983), this work is based on the assumption that phonological structures must be explained by phonetic constraints. More specifically, I use the Articulatory Phonology frame (Browman & Goldstein 1986, 1989). The analysis is based on acoustic data collected among two Bribri communities, between 2012 and 2014 (Bajo Coen - Coroma and Amubre).Along the typological and phonetic approach, I have adopted a dialectal and diachronical point of view to better capture the phonological system of the language

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Danesi, Paolo. "Le contraste et la computation phonologique dans l'apprentissage des primitives phonologiques : Une analyse des harmonies vocaliques de rehaussement basée sur des primitives émergentes en Radical Substance Free Phonology". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ2040.

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RVH est un processus qui affecte la hauteur des voyelles. En présence de voyelles hautes, les voyelles moyennes d'un mot s'élèvent. Les harmonies fermantes présentent une propriété particulière: le rehaussement peut être scalaire ou complet. Les harmonies scalaires ferment les voyelles d'un degré de hauteur, tandis que les harmonies complètes transforment n'importe quelle voyelle en voyelle haute. Les RVH peuvent également être asymétriques: tous les déclencheurs attendus ne déclenchent pas l'harmonie, ou toutes les cibles attendues ne sont pas affectées (une voyelle haute peut ne pas déclencher le processus bien qu'étant phonétiquement haute, ou une voyelle peut ne pas se fermer bien que les autres voyelles le fassent). Dans le cas spécifique du parasitisme, certaines cibles ne subissent l'harmonie que si elles partagent une propriété avec le déclencheur. Trois dialectes de la Lombardie orientale montrent des RVH différentes: à Brescia toutes les voyelles moyennes sont affectées par le processus ; à Bergame l'harmonie cible uniquement les voyelles moyennes arrondies. En Camuno, où l'harmonie est parasitique, les voyelles arrondies se ferment lorsqu'elles sont suivies par des voyelles hautes, tandis que les voyelles non-arrondies ne réagissent que si la voyelle déclenchante est non arrondie. Il est montré que les théories qui peuvent formaliser les asymétries ont des problèmes avec les RVH scalaires, tandis que les théories qui traitent les RVH scalaires sont incapables de gérer les RVH asymétriques. Cette thèse soutient que les asymétries sont une forme spécifique de règles folles (Bach & Harms 1972, Chabot 2021): la classe des voyelles moyennes se divise en un sous-ensemble qui subit l'harmonie et un autre qui ne réagit pas. Cela nécessite l'existence de classes phonologiquement actives (Mielke 2008), plutôt que de classes naturelles. L'origine des difficultés rencontrées par les analyses existantes de RVH est l'hypothèse que les primitives mélodiques ainsi que leurs corrélats phonétiques sont universels et innés. La plupart des théories supposent que les primitives font partie d'un ensemble fixe où le corrélat phonétique de chaque primitive est donné à la naissance et est le même dans toutes les langues. L'alternative (Radical Substance Free Phonology) est une théorie basée sur des primitives émergentes, qui soutient qu'il n'y a pas des primitives à l'état initial de l'apprentissage: les enfants naissent avec la connaissance qu'il existe des primitives et qu'ils doivent les construire à partir des informations environnementales à leur disposition. Différents modèles d'émergence des primitives sont comparés. Les approches analysées (Dresher 2014, Sandstedt 2018, Odden 2022) considèrent que les primitives émergent sous l'influence du contraste et de la computation phonologique. Ils diffèrent cependant en ce que pour Dresher et Sandstedt le contraste et la computation sont également importants, tandis que pour Odden la computation est primaire et le contraste secondaire. Il est montré que dans un environnement où des primitives come α ou β sont utilisées, différentes théories de la computation peuvent produire des spécifications phonologiques différentes. Cette thèse plaide pour une computation phonologique où seuls l'addition et la soustraction des primitives sont permises. Dans cet environnement, les modèles de Dresher et Sandstedt ne peuvent rendre compte des RVH scalaires, alors que l'approche d'Odden peut construire les ensembles requis de représentations pour les RVH parasitiques et scalaires.Il peut également analyser les processus conditionnés par la morphologie, en profitant du fait que les primitives émergentes impliquent une interface entre la phonétique et la phonologie où les associations entre objets phonétiques et phonologiques sont arbitraires.L'approche d'Odden est formellement simple: la computation seule guide l'enfant vers les spécifications phonologiques sans recourir à d'autres mécanismes supplémentaires
Raising Vowel Harmony-RVH is a harmonic process that affects the height of vowels. In presence of high vowels, mid-vowels of a word raise. RVH displays a peculiar property: raising may be scalar or complete. Scalar RVH raise vowels by a degree of height, while complete RVH turn any vowel into a high vowel regardless of its lexical height. RVH may also be asymmetric: not all expected triggers actually trigger the harmony, or not all expected targets are affected (a high vowel may not trigger RVH though being high, or a mid-vowel may not raise while all other mid-vowels do). In the case of parasitism, some targets undergo VH only if they share a property with the trigger. The cross-linguistic properties of RVH are explored through a typological survey. Original fieldwork shows that three similar Eastern Lombard dialects display different RVHs. In Bresciano all mid-vowels are affected by raising ; in Bergamasco RVH targets only rounded mid-vowels. In Camuno RVH is parasitic : rounded vowels undergo raising whenever they are followed by high vowels, while unrounded vowels do so only if the triggering vowel is also unrounded. It is shown that theories able to formalize asymmetries encounter problems with scalar raising patterns, while theories that address the scalar nature of raising are unable to handle asymmetric RVH. It is argued that asymmetries and parasitic RVH are a form of crazy rules (Bach & Harms 1972, Chabot 2021): the class of mid vowels splits into a subset that undergoes raising and another that does not. This requires the existence of phonologically active classes (Mielke 2008), rather than of phonetically natural classes. It is argued that RVHs can only be described when phonological patterning alone defines which segments share a given prime. Given this background, it appears that the origin of the problems of existing analyses of RVH is the shared assumption that melodic primes as well as their phonetic correlates are universal and innate. Most theories assume the existence of a fixed set of primes that is universal and innate, where the phonetic correlate of every prime is given at birth and is the same in all languages. The alternative (Radical Substance Free Phonology) is a theory based on emergent primes, which argues that primes and their phonetic correlates are learned. There are no primes at the initial state : children are born with the knowledge that there are primes and that they will need to construct them based on environmental information. Primes are language-specific and have an arbitrary correlation with phonetics, which depends on contrast and behavior of segments in phonological processing (Mielke 2008, Dresher 2014). Different models of prime emergence are compared (Dresher 2014, Sandstedt 2018, Odden 2022). These proposals consider contrast and phonological processing as factors in prime emergence. For Dresher and Sandstedt contrast and processing are equally important, while for Odden processing has a logical precedence over contrast. In an environment where primes such as α β are used, different theories of computation may produce different prime specifications. This thesis argues for an approach to computation where only addition and subtraction of primes are allowed. This corresponds to the state of computation in Autosegmentalism, where primes may be either linked or delinked. On the representational side, this thesis endorses unary primes. It is shown that Sandstedt's model fails to account for scalar raising patterns and Odden's approach can build the required sets of representations for both parasitic and scalar RVH. It can also account for morphologically conditioned processes based on the fact that emergent primes entail phonetic arbitrariness, i.e. an interface between phonetics and phonology where mappings are arbitrary. Odden's approach is formally simpler than the others: processing alone guides the learner to prime specifications without recurring to other additional assumptions

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Marchal-Nasse, Colette. "De la phonologie à la morphologie du Nzebi, langue bantoue (B52) du Gabon". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213225.

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Onken, Busaki. "Letter-sound relationship in modern British English: theoretical considerations and teaching implications for Zairean efl beginners". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213424.

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Commissaire, Eva. "Orthographic and phonological coding during L2 visual word recognition in L2 learners : lexical and sublexical mechanisms". Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30007/document.

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L'acquisition des représentations orthographiques et phonologiques en anglais langue seconde (L2) chez des francophones (élèves en classe de 6ème et de 4ème, étudiants universitaires) était examinée dans ce travail. La technique d'amorçage masqué permettait de révéler la précision du codage orthographique lexical, après seulement deux années d'acquisition de l'anglais, et ce, indépendamment de la typicalité orthographique des mots (étude 1). Des éléments en faveur d'un accès au lexique non-sélectif à la langue étaient observés : un effet inhibiteur des mots cognates émergeait chez des élèves de 4ème dans une tâche de décision lexicale (étude 2). De plus, des expériences mettant en jeu l'effet d'amorçage orthographique inter-langue relevaien de la compétition lexicale inter-langue chez le groupe le plus compétent uniquement (étude 3). Un surprenant effet facilitateur en tâche de décision lexicale pour les mots L2 dont l'orthographe était partagée entre les deux langues, par rapport aux mots dont l'orthographe était spécifique de la L2, signalait l'influence de la typicalité orthographique en reconnaissance visuelle de mots en L2 (étude 4). Le codage graphémique semblait fonctionnel après quelques mois d'acquisition de la L2, bien que des différences émergeaient entre les différents groupes de niveaux au sujet de la typicalité orthographique des graphèmes (étude 5). Enfin, une co-activation des correspondances écrit-oral de chaque langue était mise en évidence chez ces apprenants L2 (étude 6) ainsi que l'influence des correspondances de la L1 sur la reconnaissance de mots en L2 (étude 7)
Orthographic and phonological coding during second language (L2) learning in a school context was examined in the present work. Masked priming techniques revealed that lexical orthographic representations were finely_tuned after only two years of acquisition and that this coding was comparable for words of varying orthographic typically (study 1). Evidence in favour of language non-selectivity during lexical access was uncovered : a cognate inhibition effect emerged in grade 8 for lexical decision (study 2). In addition, tests of cross-language orthographic neighbourhood effects using masked priming revealed cross-language lexical competition in the highest proficiency group only (study 3). Intriguing evidence of facilitation effects in lexical decision for L2 words whose orthography was shared across languages compared to words whose orthography was L2-specific signalled the influence of orthographic typicality during L2 visual word recognition (study 4). Grapheme coding was also shown to be functional after only a few months of L2 learning, though differences emerged across proficiency levels in relation to the orthographic typicality of graphemes (study 5). Finally, evidence was found for the parallel activation of print-to-sound correspondences from both languages in young L2 learners (study 6) and for the influence of first language correspondences on L2 visual word recognition (study 7)

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Couasnon, Graziella. "« Cul et chemise », « Modes et travaux », « Émilie et Nathan » : étude des principes gouvernant la coordination par «et» de deux mots en français". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30022/document.

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Ce travail de thèse a pour objet l’étude des principes gouvernant la coordination par « et » de deux mots en français. Il a pour but d’observer l’émergence de facteurs actifs dans la sélection d’un ordre préférentiel de coordination binaire directe par « et », hors contexte, selon un angle essentiellement phonologique ; et ainsi de tenter d'en proposer une pré-hiérarchisation en français. Il apparaît, en effet, que pour des exemples tels que « Cul et chemise », « Modes et travaux », « Émilie et Nathan », l'ordre adopté ici est l'ordre préférentiel en français, et ceci que l'on se base sur le jugement intuitif des locuteurs, ou qu'on l'atteste au moyen de relevés statistiques. Les locuteurs privilégient souvent spontanément un ordre à un autre dans ce type de formations, le jugeant plus naturel. Partant de ce constat, la question qui se pose est celle de savoir quels sont les facteurs qui régissent l'ordre de ces constituants en français. De nombreuses études se sont intéressées à cette problématique pour d'autres langues, spécifiquement pour l'anglais (Cooper et Ross (1975), Pinker et Birdong (1979), Wright, Hay et Bent (2002, 2005)). Toutes tendent à prouver que de nombreux facteurs phonologiques et extra-phonologiques jouent un rôle important dans le processus de formation de deux mots coordonnés. Néanmoins, à notre connaissance, l'étude des facteurs phonologiques actifs dans la coordination binomiale par « et » en français demeure à ce jour inédite. Nous tenterons de combler cette lacune. Pour ce faire, dans une approche empirique et expérimentale, nous avons rassemblé des données statistiquement valides, à partir desquelles nous avons ensuite dégagé des principes généraux. Puis, nous avons proposé une analyse phonologique dans le cadre d'une approche en terme d'interactions de contraintes inspirée par Plénat [1996,1997] dans laquelle nous appréhendons la sélection d'un ordre binomial préférentiel de coordination par « et » comme le résultat de conflits entre des principes ou des contraintes
The concerns of this work are : first, to bring out the factors controlling two-word coordinating in French (nouns, adjectivies, tensed verbs and adverbs), second, to demonstrate the existence of active principles in choosing a preferential order to coordinate two nouns with “et”, third, to propose a study of coordinated words permutation, from a mainly phonological point of view. It seems indeed that, in examples such as “Cul et chemise”, “Mode et travaux” or “Emilie et Nathan”, the order displayed is the preferred one in French, either considering native speakers’ intuitive judgement or confirming it by a statistics survey. Speakers often spontaneously prefer an order, judged more natural, over the other in such structures. With this observation in mind, we asked ourselves a question: what are the factors that affect the order of those components in French. Many studies have taken an interest in that issue for other languages and in particular for English (Cooper and Ross (1975), Pinker and Birdong (1979), Wright, Hay and Bent (2002, 2005)). All of them tend to prove that several phonological and extra-phonological factors play an important part in the process of coordinating two words. There is however no study yet, as far as we know, about the phonological factors active in coordinating two words with “et” in French. We’ve this shortcoming. Aiming to that, with an empirical and experimental approach, we gathered statistically valid data, from which we drew general principles. Then, we made a phonological analysis in a constraint interaction framework inspired by Plénat [1996,1997], for which we looked at the “et”-coordinated two-word order preferred choice as the result of a conflict between principles or constraints

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Janssens, Baudouin. "Doubles réflexes consonantiques: quatre études sur le bantou de zone A (bubi, nen, bafia, ewondo)". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212773.

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Green, Antony D. "Phonology limited". Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1551/.

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Phonology Limited is a study of the areas of phonology where the application of optimality theory (OT) has previously been problematic. Evidence from a wide variety of phenomena in a wide variety of languages is presented to show that interactions involving more than just faithfulness and markedness are best analyzed as involving language-specific morphological constraints rather than universal phonological constraints. OT has proved to be a highly insightful and successful theory of linguistics in general and phonology in particular, focusing as it does on surface forms and treating the relationship between inputs and outputs as a form of conflict resolution. Yet there have also been a number of serious problems with the approach that have led some detractors to argue that OT has failed as a theory of generative grammar. The most serious of these problems is opacity, defined as a state of affairs where the grammatical output of a given input appears to violate more constraints than an ungrammatical competitor. It is argued that these problems disappear once language-specific morphological constraints are allowed to play a significant role in analysis. Specifically, a number of processes of Tiberian Hebrew traditionally considered opaque are reexamined and shown to be straightforwardly transparent, but crucially involving morphological constraints on form, such as a constraint requiring certain morphological forms to end with a syllabic trochee, or a constraint requiring paradigm uniformity with regard to the occurrence of fricative allophones of stop phonemes. Language-specific morphological constraints are also shown to play a role in allomorphy, where a lexeme is associated with more than one input; the constraint hierarchy then decides which input is grammatical in which context. For example, [ɨ]/[ə] and [u]/[ə] alternation found in some lexemes but not in others in Welsh is attributed to the presence of two inputs for the lexemes with the alternation. A novel analysis of the initial consonant mutations of the modern Celtic languages argues that mutated forms are separately listed inputs chosen in appropriate contexts by constraints on morphology and syntax, rather than being outputs that are phonologically unfaithful to their unmutated inputs. Finally, static irregularities and lexical exceptions are examined and shown to be attributable to language-specific morphological constraints. In American English, the distribution of tense and lax vowels is predictable in several contexts; however, in some contexts, the distributions of tense [ɔ] vs. lax [a] and of tense [æ] vs. lax [æ] are not as expected. It is shown that clusters of output-output faithfulness constraints create a pattern to which words are attracted, which however violates general phonological considerations. New words that enter the language first obey the general phonological considerations before being attracted into the language-specific exceptional pattern.

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Bourgeois, Thomas Charles. "Instantiative phonology". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185709.

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Instantiative Phonology presents a model of grammatical organization whose conceptual orientation arises from the Communication System Hypothesis, the notion that natural languages are communication systems and as such have properties predicted by the Mathematical Theory of Communication (Shannon 1948). Following from this general notion is the empirical hypothesis that phonological processes identify the carriers of grammatical information and instantiate the grammatical constituents of a particular language. The thesis concerns itself with evaluating the empirical relevance of this Hypothesis of Instantiation with respect to grammatical systems. Initially, this research develops a learning mechanism with the capacity to learn a fragment of the purely phonologically conditioned rules of American English based solely on their output in a phonetic representation. While this learner demonstrates sufficient capacity to learn the fragment of American English, it cannot learn the details of this fragment if its rules apply in some order other than that supported by attested data. The properties of this learning mechanism are then used to inform the internal organization of the formal aspects of the model. This model emerges with several desirable properties, including a very restrictive interpretation of both phonological rule typology and the extrinsic ordering of phonological rules. Following this exposition, the model is evaluated through a broad investigation of the purely phonologically conditioned rules from a single language, Turkish. This evaluation reveals that the purely phonologically conditioned rules of Turkish make crucial reference to a subset of phonological features with the necessary and sufficient capacity to generate the "distinctive" inventory of the language. Further, these rules refer to the Turkish grammatical constituents syllable, morpheme, and word over a wide range of different phonological contexts, supporting the notion consistent with the Hypothesis of Instantiation that the purely phonologically conditioned rules of a language provide the user with an efficient and reliable parser of that language. This research concludes that the Hypothesis of Instantiation is borne out in language systems.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Phonologyx"

Palková, Zdena. Kapitoly z fonetiky a fonologie slovanskẏch jazyků: Příspěvky z pracovního vědeckého setkání na XVI. zasedání komise pro fonetiku a fonologii slovanských jazyků při Mezinárodním komitétu slavistů. Praha: Filozofická fakulta UK, 2006.

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Carr, Philip. Phonology. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22849-2.

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J, Ewen Colin, e Kaisse Ellen M, eds. Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

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Balci, Ercan. Turkish consonants: A government phonology analysis. Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008.

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Hurch, Bernhard, e Richard A. Rhodes, eds. Natural Phonology. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER MOUTON, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110908992.

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Gussenhoven, Carlos, e Haike Jacobs. Understanding Phonology. Fourth Edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2017] | Series: Understanding language series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315267982.

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Shukla, Shaligram. Hindi phonology. Muenchen: Lincom Europa, 2000.

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Kornai, András. Formal phonology. New York: Garland, 1995.

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Calabrese, Andrea, e W. Leo Wetzels, eds. Loan Phonology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.307.

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Greene, Victoria E. Phonology guide. Bloomington, MN: Language Circle Enterprise, 1991.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Phonologyx"

Probert, Philomen. "Phonology1". In A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language, 83–103. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444317398.ch7.

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Garn-Nunn, Pamela, e Carolyn Sotto. "Phonology". In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2678–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_912.

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Jeffries, Lesley. "Phonology". In Discovering Language, 44–70. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-62579-2_3.

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McDonough, Joyce. "Phonology". In The Navajo Sound System, 41–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0207-3_3.

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Garn-Nunn, Pamela, e Carolyn Sotto. "Phonology". In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_912-3.

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Eernisse, Elizabeth R. "Phonology". In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_1690-3.

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Poole, Stuart C. "Phonology". In An Introduction to Linguistics, 55–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27346-1_5.

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Satterwhite, Macy, e Loretta C. Rudd. "Phonology". In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 1098–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_2150.

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Eernisse, Elizabeth R. "Phonology". In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2237–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_1690.

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Nance, Claire, e Sam Kirkham. "Phonology". In Introducing Linguistics, 22–41. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003045571-3.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Phonologyx"

Hermans, Felienne, Alaaeddin Swidan e Efthimia Aivaloglou. "Code phonology". In ICSE '18: 40th International Conference on Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3196321.3196355.

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Coleman, John. "Unification phonology". In the 13th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/991146.991161.

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Bear, John. "Backwards phonology". In the 13th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/991146.991149.

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Berendsen, Egon, @Simone Langeweg e Hugo van Leeuwen. "Computational phonology". In the 11th coference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/991365.991544.

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Ohala, John J., Alexandra Dunn e Ronald Sprouse. "Prosody and phonology". In Speech Prosody 2004. ISCA: ISCA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2004-38.

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Nerbonne, John, T. Mark Ellison e Grzegorz Kondrak. "Computing and historical phonology". In Ninth Meeting of the ACL Special Interest Group in Computational Morphology and Phonology. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1626516.1626517.

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Port, Robert. "Toward a rich phonology". In ExLing 2006: 1st Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2006/01/0059/000059.

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Lee, Chan-Do. "Rationale for "performance phonology"". In 2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1992). ISCA: ISCA, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-364.

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Shih, Chilin. "Understanding phonology by phonetic implementation". In Interspeech 2005. ISCA: ISCA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-757.

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Hao, Yiding, e Samuel Andersson. "Unbounded Stress in Subregular Phonology". In Proceedings of the 16th Workshop on Computational Research in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4216.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Phonologyx"

Touretzky, David S., e Deidre W. Wheeler. A Computational Basis for Phonology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, março de 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225536.

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Hajda, Yvonne. Mary's River Kalapuyan: A Descriptive Phonology. Portland State University Library, janeiro de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2488.

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Touretzky, David S., e Deirdre W. Wheeler. Rationale for a 'Many Maps' Phonology Machine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, março de 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225534.

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Touretzky, David S., e Deirdre W. Wheeler. Two Derivations Suffice: The Role of Syllabification in Cognitive Phonology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, junho de 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225532.

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Carlisle, Tracy. Influence of Articulation and Phonology Intervention on Children's Social and Emotional Characteristics. Portland State University Library, janeiro de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7119.

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Alexander, Beverly. A comparison of the time taken to administer and analyze phonologic and phonetic tests. Portland State University Library, janeiro de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5738.

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Pabón Méndez, Mónica Rocío, Silvia Andrea Tarazona Ariza, Alfredo Duarte Fletcher e Nelly Johana Álvarez Idarraga. English Vowel Sounds: A Practical Guide for the EFL Classroom. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, fevereiro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcgp.78.

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This guide was created as a response to the needs of the English phonetics and phonology class of the undergraduate Teaching Program of the Faculty of Education at Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, where the English language is approached in a more technical, professional, and theoretical way that implicitly leads to an active and meaningful practice in the classroom with simple exercises but challenging enough for the initial level of the students. The guide gives priority to the vowel sounds of English since they are different from those in the Students’ Spanish linguistic inventory, thus, each of the short and long sounds are explained with clear examples. Finally, the guide comes with a QR code that can be easily scanned from any mobile device to access the audios of the proposed exercises to be studied in class or independently by students.

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BAGIYAN, A., e A. VARTANOV. SYSTEMS ACQUISITION IN MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION: THE CASE OF AXIOLOGICALLY CHARGED LEXIS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-3-48-61.

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The process of mastering, systematizing and automatizing systems language skills occupies a key place in the theory and practice of teaching foreign languages and cultures. Following the main trends of modern applied linguistics in the field of multilingual research, we hypothesize the advisability of using the lexical approach in mastering the entire complex of systems skills (grammar, vocabulary, phonology, functions, discourse) in students receiving multilingual education at higher educational institutions. In order to theoretically substantiate the hypothesis, the authors carry out structural, semantic, and phonological analysis of the main lexical units (collocations). After this, linguodidactic analysis of students’ hypothetical problems and, as a result, problems related to the teaching of relevant linguistic and axiological features is carried out. At the final stage of the paper, a list of possible outcomes from the indicated linguistic and methodological problematic situations is given. This article is the first in the cycle of linguodidactic studies of the features of learning and teaching systems language skills in a multilingual educational space.

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