Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Phonologie du portugais"
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Pimenta, Heglyn. "Nasalité et syllabe : une étude synchronique, diachronique et dialectologique du portugais européen". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080069.
Texto completo da fonteVocalic nasalisation in Portuguese has been the subject of numerous studies, especially regarding (i) the status of nasal vowels: are they phonological nasal vowels (/Ṽ/) or complex syllable rhymes (/VN/ or /VV/)? And (ii) the changes responsible for the convergence of the Latin endings -ANE, -ONE, ANU, UDINE, -ANT and -UNT into the nasal diphthong -ão.We proceed with a critical analysis of the studies on this language’s syllable structure and nasal vowels to propose a new synchronic analysis of it, based on the “Strict CV” model of Government Phonology, where hierarchical constituents’ structures are replaced by lateral relations between positions. Our synchronic analysis will be based on three aspects: (i) on historical data, diachronic changes providing information on the conditions required for forming a nasal nucleus; (ii) on acoustic phonetic data, assuming that phonetic duration can be a correlate to nasal nuclei phonological complexity; (iii) on dialectal variation data.Lastly, in the diachronic part of this thesis, we demonstrate how the model we propose helps to explain the phonetic changes that either led to the creation of modern Portuguese nasal nuclei or prevented it
Pons, Julien Delport Marie-France Cotte Pierre. "L'articulation entre les conditionnements internes et externes en phonologie diachronique illustrée par l'évolution du phonétisme hispanique traité de phonologie diachronique /". Paris : Université Paris Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2008. http://www.theses.paris4.sorbonne.fr/thesepons.pdf.
Texto completo da fontePons, Julien. "L'articulation entre les conditionnements internes et externes en phonologie diachronique illustrée par l’évolution du phonétisme hispanique : traité de phonologie diachronique". Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/thesepons.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe diachronic dialectology of Iberian Peninsula bringed us to reconceive the discredited theory of linguistic waves and, from that, the most part of concepts in effect in diachronic linguistics. The topics are as follows : Part I : Connections Between Internal and External Linguistics : Chapter 1 : grading and homogeneity of linguistic systems : the concept of first idiom and the denunciation of the concepts of substrata and adstrata ; Chapter 2 : the concept of endolinguistic mechanism ; Chapter 3 : the articulation between internal and external factors : causes of linguistic changes. Part II : Connections Between geopolitics and linguistics : Chapter 1 : the various kinds of epicentres and linguistic waves ; Chapter 2 : the definition of the languages in comparison with other languages, dialects and subdialects in the light of our theory of linguistic waves ; Chapter 3 : how to periodicize an idiom ? Part III : application : indo-european, latin, and especially spanish and portuguese
Fernandes, Cruz Regina. "Analyse acoustique et phonologique du portugais parlé par les communautés noires de l'Amazonie (Brésil)". Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10112.
Texto completo da fonteBarreto-Martins, dos Santos Pricilla. "Le rôle des informations phonologiques du contexte linguistique dans l'étude du lexique mental bilingue français/portugais". Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30089.
Texto completo da fonteThe general hypothesis of this research is that the phonological information of the linguistic context favors the access of the words in memory that are similair to the linguistic context. As a consequence, these informations must be taken in consideration in the study of the bilingual mental lexicon. To test this hypothesis, two great groups of experiences has been realized. (1) In a first group, the experiences has been realized in France with French-Portuguese bilinguals with Portuguese as their mother tonge ; (2) In a second group, the experiences has been realized in Brazil with French-Portuguese bilinguals with French as their mother tonge. Each group contains two series of experiences: an inter group and an intra group. Each serie is composed of two lexical decision tasks: one relative to the homographic and one to the orthographic neighbors. These two types of words has been chosen because they are phonologically very close or identical in the two languages. This research shows, in the experiences done in France that an influence of the phonological information of the linguistic context exists in the Inter group situation. This means, that the words in the linguistic context, (in this case French L2 words, has been recognized more quickly than the words of the participant´s native language, (L1 Portuguese). Moreover, the results shows that the words most similair to the linguistic context, in this case the specific words, has been recognized more quickly than the words phonologically similair in the two languages (homografic and orthographic neighbor). However, we didn´t observe the same results in the intra group condition; in the experiences realized in Brazil, we didn’t observe an influence of the linguistic context in any of the experimental conditions (Inter and intra group). When the participants are in contact with the two languages (in the intra group condition), we observed that L1< L2, a classical result. But, when the participants are in a monolingue situation, as for example the Inter group experiences in France, we observe that L2< L1. In the Inter group experiences in Brazil these results aren’t found, because the participants aren’t in total monolingual situation. All these results indicate an influence of the phonological information of the linguistic context in bilingual lexicon and indicates that the lexicons of the two languages are linked
Alvarenga, Daniel. "Variations orthographiques, temps d'identification et apprentissage de la langue écrite portugaise : une approche phono-cognitive". Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080750.
Texto completo da fonteFrom the phonological principles defined by the segmental and metrical phonology, canonical syllable and stress ladders are presented for the portuguese. The cv syllable and the paroxyton stress are the most syllabic and accentual canonical types. We tried to establish the cognitive relevance of these canonical structures during the utilization of written language by brazilian children of 7 to 15 years old. These canonical structures also explain spelling variations observed during writing free texts and dictations. They also explain identification times of words and non-words with different syllabic and accentual structures and pronunciation changes during reading
Meireles, de Oliveira Silva Vanessa. "Analyse phonologique et métrique des glides et diphtongues en portugais brésilien". Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080013/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe main purpose of this analysis is to determine whether the glides, and therefore, the diphthongs, have or not phonological character in Brazilian Portuguese. We will start from the analyzes that have been conducted in different theoretical frameworks: Câmara Jr. (1970), in a structuralist framework, Mateus (1982 [1975]) in the linear generative theory, Silva (1992), Bisol (1989, 1999) and Mateus & D'Andrade (2000) in the autosegmental theory, and two recent analyzes in the context of the theory of optimality (Martins, 2011 Simioni, 2011), noting the advantages and disadvantages of these different approaches and the unsolved problems. Finally, we propose, in our turn, an analysis in the light of another theoretical framework to explain the variation between hiatus and diphthongs, and therefore the status of phonological glide in Portuguese: the phonology "CVCV" or "strict CV" (Lowenstamm, 1996, Scheer, 2004). A phonological framework without constituents as such eliminates one of the major problems found in other analyzes: to know whether the glide belongs to an onset, a complex nucleus or a coda. It allows us to account more appropriately for contradictions and problems observed in the treatment of glides and diphthongs in Portuguese, including their phonotactic constraints and their interaction with the stress word in the language
Biagui, Noël Bernard. "Description générale du créole afro-portugais parlé à Ziguinchor (Sénégal)". Paris, INALCO, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0017.
Texto completo da fonteCreated by the contact between the Portuguese and the peoples of the West African Coast, today the Casamance Creole is a native language for nearly 10,000 people living in the Southwest region of Senegal in Ziguinchor. Granted that until now this Creole lacked a detailed linguistic description, the purpose of this thesis is to propose a general description (according to structuralism approach) based on first-hand data (collected from native speakers) and consisting of phonological, morphological and syntactic elements. The introduction sets a historical and sociolinguistic background explaining the existence of a lexically Portuguese-based Creole in Casamance. Phonology is devoted to the" inventory and the discussion of vowel and consonant phonemes, analysis of relevant prosodie units (word stress) and attested syllable types. Morphology deals with the delineation of different grammatical categories (nouns, verbs, adjectives. . . ) and the operating characteristics of the language's morphological units with synthetic type inflexions (plural nouns, verbal derivatives) or analytical type inflexions (aspect and time markers supported by the verb). Some elements of the syntax of Casamance Creole such as the order of sentence constituents (subject, verb, abject. . . ) and the study of phenomena involving word order in emphasis processes (topicalization and focus) are studied. Finally, in the conclusion, three points are retained: the challenge this description presented the limits of this thesis and the practical application of its contents
Demasi, Rita de Cassia. "Dynamic modeling of the velopharyngeal trajectory in Brazilian Portuguese nasal diphthongs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030024.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this Ph.D. research consists of using phonetic and phonological analysis to understand the features of the production of nasal diphthong and front nasal vowel production in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) via an experimental methodology. Nasalization of the speech sound, in this specific case, undergoes a phonetic process called nasal diphthongization. This allophonic process is a phenomenon that changes the quality of vowels and nasal diphthongs. To demonstrate this phenomenon, we compare the pronunciation of the diphthong ‘ão’ [ãw̃] and its oral counterpart ‘au’ [aw]. Similarly, we consider the production of the diphthongized nasal vowel /ẽ/, which is produced as [ẽj̃], and the production of the oral diphthong [ej]. This study consists of an aerodynamic study (pneumotachograph), an electro-articulography 2D (electromagnetic midsagittal articulography) study and a nasal fiberscope study. We created a corpus of 20 words repeated three times by native São Paulo dialect speakers. General results suggest that nasal diphthongs are a co-articulatory phenomenon involving gestural assimilation leading to unspecified nasal consonant, called nasal glides. This phenomenon is also associated with the formation of nasal appendix. This articulatory process changes the quality of the resonance under the influence of tongues movements associated with the velum opening and closing.Consequently, synchronization of tongue movement with soft palate movement causes nasal gliding, which propagates its resonance and creates nasal appendix. Depending on the degree of co-articulation of the nasal vowels, a velar or palatal constriction may emerge. From this, we conclude that nasal diphthongization changes the vocal tract’s geometry, not only the shape of the vocal tract, but also the position and type of tongue articulation. This complex articulation leads to the emergence of a narrowed vowel segments that make the sound more consonant-like. From these results, we can consider that nasal diphthongization is a transitional phenomenon that plays a phonetic role to amplify the perception
O objetivo desta pesquisa de doutorado é o uso da análise Fonética e Fonológica para compreender as características de produção dos ditongos nasais e da vogal anterior nasal no português brasileiro, a partir de um viés experimental. No dialeto Paulistano, a nasalização vocálica passa por um processo fonológico denominado ditongação nasal. Esse processo alofônico é um fenômeno que pode alterar a qualidade das vogais e dos ditongos nasais. Para demonstrar esse fenômeno, compararemos a produção do ditongo “ão” [ãw̃] e sua contraparte oral “au” [aw]. Da mesma forma, compararemos a produção da vogal nasal ditongada / ẽ /, produzida como [ẽj̃], com o ditongo oral [ej]. Montamos um corpus com vinte palavras que foram repetidas três vezes, por falantes nativos do dialeto Paulistano. Para apresentarmos as características gerais da produção da vogal nasal e do ditongo nasal, bem como seus mecanismos articulatórios, estabelecemos um estudo aerodinâmico, um estudo de imagem e um estudo articulatório. Esta pesquisa contém um estudo aerodinâmico (pneumatógrafo), um estudo eletro-articulógrafo 2D (articulógrafo eletromagnético mediano sagital) e um estudo com um naso-fibroscópio. Os resultados gerais sugerem que a ditongação nasal é um fenômeno co-articulatório de assimilação gestual resultante do surgimento de uma consoante nasal não especificada, chamada de glide nasal, associada ao contexto e ao surgimento do apêndice nasal. Esse processo altera a qualidade das ressonâncias, devido à influência do movimento da língua associado ao abaixamento e fechamento do velum. Consequentemente, o movimento da língua e sua sincronização com o movimento do véu palatino resultam no surgimento da glide nasal que espalha suas ressonâncias gerando o apêndice nasal. Dependendo do grau de coarticulação da vogal nasal, uma constrição velar ou palatina pode surgir. Assim, concluímos que a ditongação nasal altera a geometria do trato, o ponto e o modo de articulação da língua. Essa articulação complexa resulta no surgimento de um segmento vocálico constrito e o alçamento vocálico produz a propagação da glide, bem como o surgimento do apêndice nasal homorgânico, tornando o som mais consonantal. A partir desses resultados, podemos considerar que a ditongação nasal é um fenômeno de transição que desempenha um papel fonético para intensificar a percepção
Desmeules-Trudel, Félix. "Perception des voyelles nasales du français québécois : aspects acoustiques et perceptifs". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30407/30407.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteWe present an acoustic description of nasal vowels (NV) in Quebec French (QF) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP), languages that possess phonological NV in their inventories. We show that QF and BP NV have different vowel qualities: QF NV are more dispersed than BP’s, smaller contrast (for corresponding NV), and greater amplitude of formantic movement. We also assess discrimination and identification abilities of BP speakers for QF NV. We show that [œ̃] is difficult to perceive because it has no equivalent in Portuguese; variability of [ẽ]’s quality and its important dispersion makes it difficult to discriminate, while its formant movement contributes to its correct identification; [ã] and [ɔ̃] are more easily discriminated, but [ã] is misidentified in a greater proportion because it overlaps several categories, while [ɔ̃] is more easily identified because of its similarities with BP’s [õ].
Tavares, Moreira Ana Karina. "Documentation et description grammaticale et lexicale du créole afro-portugais de l'île de Fogo (République du Cap-Vert, Afrique de l'Ouest)". Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0028.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is the first book-length description of the Portuguese Creole spoken on the island of Fogo (Cape Verde, West-Africa), spoken by most of the 40,000 island’s inhabitants as well as by its diaspora. This work provides an insight on the linguistic structure of this variety, based on data collected during fieldwork occurred between 2016 and 2019. This study comprises with nine chapters, namely (1) introduction, (2) phonology, (3) syllabic structure, (4), stress, (5) nominal morphology, (6) verbal morphology, (7) syntax, (8) lexical peculiarities and (9) conclusion.This thesis brings new elements both to the synchronic and diachronic analysis of Cape Verdean Creole. At the same time, it contributes with comparative data for the reconstruction of the Upper Guinea Portuguese Creole (UGPC) language family. These data show in particular that Fogo Cape Verdean emerged quite early as a distinct variety among UGPCs and illustrate the main characteristics of this variety.This thesis also provides historical data on the discovery, settlement, trade connections, maritime interactions, social structure and sociolinguistics of the island of Fogo, and shows the role played by these elements in the development and shaping of Fogo’s unique linguistic makeup
Vinagre, Mendes Angelina. "Description phonetico-phonologique du portugais du bresil. Precis de phonetique portugaise - portugal bresil - regles de prononciation. Le probleme des aires linguistiques en portugais du bresil. Le bresil : la faillite de l'eldorado?" Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT5003.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is made up of a research whole about phonetics on brazil's portuguese. It is a long descriptive work presented in three stages : one precis including general rules of pronunciation ; one detailed description of the whole system of brazil's portuguese sounds in seventeen brazilian states (on txentythree); one analysis on the intricate problem of linguistic areas delimitation in brazil with regard to phonetics. These works exclude a single pattern and are based on examples of oral language as it is really spoken in all brazilian regions. This variety of pronunciations shows the principal peculiarities of brazilian portuguese. It also questions the foundations of brazil's division in linguistic areas adopted since the twenties. Another work (brazil : eldorado's failure?") analyses the principal contemporary brazil's problems attached to its socio-economical history : exportation produce cycles, inner market, revenue sharing, the brazilian economical "miracle", the economics transnationalization, brazil's international debt, etc
Vinagre, Mendes Angelina. "Description phonetico-phonologique du portugais du bresil". Poitiers, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986POIT5020.
Texto completo da fonteA detailed description of the whole system of brazil's portuguese sounds, following their acustical characteristics, must always be based on real occurences of oral language. They have been taken from the spontaneous language spoken by educated people in seventeen brazilian states (of the twenty-five which constitute the country). These pronunciations, seen outside a single pattern, show a great number of peculiarities of brazilian portuguese, such as new sounds and new oral performances from graphic portuguese supports already existent. It also shows common aspects of pronunciation in comparison with protugal. Questions the foundations of brazil's division in linguistic areas adopted since the twenties. Another work ("brazil : eldorado's failure?") analyses the principal contemporary brazil's problems attached to its socio-economical history : exportation produce cycles, inner market, revenue sharing, the brazilian economical "miracle", the economics' transnationalization, brazil's international debt, etc
Vinagre, Mendes Angelina. "Description phonético-phonologique du portugais au Brésil". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610619n.
Texto completo da fonteCosta, Daniel Soares da. "Estudo do acento lexical no português arcaico por meio das Cantigas de Santa Maria /". Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93991.
Texto completo da fonteResumo: O objetivo desta dissertação é a análise da atribuição do acento no galego-português, período trovadoresco, tomado a partir de sua realização nas cantigas religiosas remanescentes - as Cantigas de Santa Maria, de Afonso X. Desta forma, esta dissertação consiste no estudo de um aspecto da Fonologia do Português Medieval, na sua dimensão prosódica, a partir de uma comparação das características lingüísticas das cantigas medievais profanas (estudadas anteriormente por Massini-Cagliari, 1995, 1999) com as religiosas. A tese de Massini-Cagliari (1995) inaugura no Brasil a metodologia empregada na presente pesquisa. Tal metodologia centra-se na busca das características prosódicas de línguas mortas ou de períodos passados de línguas vivas na estrutura métrico-poética da poesia sobrevivente. Em parte, a proposta baseia-se em metodologias adotadas em trabalhos anteriores sobre outras línguas (sobretudo inglês) - especialmente Halle e Keyser (1971). Mas, na maior parte, baseia-se na observação da estrutura das cantigas medievais galegoportuguesas e de como a contagem das sílabas poéticas e a concatenação dos acentos (poéticos) deixa entrever as características da língua sobre as quais os versos são construídos. Assim, a partir do diálogo estabelecido com a tese de Massini-Cagliari (1995) - e sobretudo com a versão revista e publicada dessa tese (Massini-Cagliari, 1999) -, o objetivo foi observar se, no discurso religioso, muito mais rico em léxico do que as cantigas de amigo estudadas por Massini-Cagliari, podem ser encontrados padrões não mapeados por essa pesquisadora em sua análise. A análise feita no interior do quadro teórico inaugurado pelas teorias fonológicas nãolineares, especialmente pela Fonologia Métrica Paramétrica de Hayes (1995), mostrou que, nas cantigas religiosas, há padrões prosódicos, quanto ao acento...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This dissertation aims to analyse stress attribution in Medieval Portuguese. The corpus is composed by Alfonso Xs Cantigas de Santa Maria. In this way, it studies one aspect of Medieval Portuguese Phonology, on its prosodic dimension, establishing a comparison of the linguistic characteristics in religious and secular medieval cantigas (studied previously by Massini-Cagliari, 1995, 1999). Massini-Cagliari (1995) thesis inaugurates in Brazil the methodology used in the present research. Such methodology is based on the search of prosodic characteristics of dead languages or past periods of alive languages in the metrical poetic structure of the surviving poetry. The proposal is partly based on methodologies adopted in previous works about other languages (mainly English) - especially Halle and Keyser (1971). But for the most part it is based on medieval cantigas structure observation and on the abstraction of Galician- Portuguese linguistic characteristics from scansion of poetic syllables and concatenation of poetic prominences. This dissertation establishes a dialogue with Massini-Cagliari (1995, 1999), objecting to verify whether it is possible to find in the religious discourse of Cantigas de Santa Maria (lexically richer than the secular cantigas de amigo) prosodic patterns that could not be found previously in Massini-Cagliari approach. The data are analysed from Non-Linear Phonology theoretical approach, especially Parametrical Metrical Phonology - Hayes (1995). The results show that there are, in Alfonso Xs Cantigas de Santa Maria, prosodic stress patterns that could not be found in cantigas de amigo, such as non-adverbial oxytones ended by light syllables and paroxytones ended by closed syllables (mainly by nasal consonants). Concerning these exceptional patterns, this dissertation proposes that, in the case of paroxytones ended by closed syllables, the final nasal is extrametrical, because there is in fact variation between the forms.
Mestre
Ramalho, Ana Margarida Monteiro Cortes. "Aquisição fonológica na criança: tradução e adaptação de um instrumento de avaliação interlinguístico para o português europeu". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23564.
Texto completo da fonteSantos, Vinícius Gonçalves dos. "Aspectos prosódicos do português de Guiné-Bissau: a entoação do contorno neutro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-29062015-153129/.
Texto completo da fonteIn this study, we investigate the intonation of neutral declarative sentences of Portuguese of Guinea-Bissau (GBP), with regarding to the investigation of the relation between tonal events assignment and prosodic domains formation. In addition, we compare the results obtained for the analysis of GBP data with the intonational patterns of neutral sentences described on previous works for Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and European Portuguese (EP). For this research, a corpus of two different speech styles (read sentences and spontaneous speech sentences) was used. For the description and analysis of intonational of neutral declarative sentences in this corpus we followed the Autosegmental Metrical aproach within the intonational phonology framework (PIERREHUMBERT, 1980; BECKMAN; PIERREHUMBERT, 1986; LADD, 1996, 2008; among others), the Prosodic Phonology framework (SELKIRK, 1984, 1986, 2000; NESPOR; VOGEL 1986, 2007; among others) and previous studies conducted on those theoretical frameworks and applied to BP (CUNHA; 2000; FROTA; VIGÁRIO, 2000; TENANI 2002; FERNANDES, 2007a, 2007b; SERRA 2009; among others) and EP (GRØNNUM; VIANA, 1999; FROTA, 2000, 2002a, 2002b, 2003; VIGÁRIO, 2003; FROTA; VIGÁRIO, 2003; CRUZ, 2013; among others). The results achieved in this work show that the intonation properties of GBP are similar to those found in the other varieties of Portuguese already studied. These properties are as follow: (i) frequent association of pitch accents with Phonological Words of intonation contour (tonal characteristic also found in BP); (ii) a pitch accent is obligatorily associated with the Phonological Word head of the last Phonological Phrase of a Intonation Phrase, followed by a boundary tone associated with the right edge of that Intonation Phrase (as in BP and EP); (iii) there is a matching in the nuclear contour of GPB neutral declarative sentences with the nuclear contour of BP and varieties of EP neutral declarative sentences; (iv) the possibility of phrasal accents to be associated with phonological phrases boundaries (the same possibility is found for one of the center-southern varieties of EP); and (v) the possibility of H tones to be associated with pretonic syllables of long Prosodic Words (as in BP).
Baia, Maria de Fatima de Almeida. "Os templates no desenvolvimento fonológico: o caso do português brasileiro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-18062013-100020/.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis investigates the transition from babble to first words in order to verify if there is continuity between the periods and identify templates. This work follows the theoretical approach to the study of development Dynamic Systems Theory (THELEN; SMITH, 1994; Kelso, 1995) and its view that the development is characterized by change, instability, variability and non linearity. The term dynamical systems, in its most generic form, means systems of elements that change over time (THELEN; SMITH, 2006, p. 258). The Whole- Word/Templatic Phonology approach is followed in the analysis of child data (VIHMAN; VELLEMAN, 2002; VIHMAN; CROFT, 2007; KEREN-PORTNOY et al., 2008). The innovative aspect of this thesis is that it relates the (des)continuity in the transition from babble to words to templates, i.e., systematic shapes that facilitate expansion of the lexicon (VIHMAN; VELLEMAN, 2000). Furthermore, this research uses quantitative method for the identification of templates. The previous literature used only qualitative methods of data collection (VIHMAN; VELLEMAN, 2002; VIHMAN; CROFT, 2007; KEREN-PORTNOY et al., 2008; WAUQUIER; YAMAGUCHI; 2012; KHATTAB; AL-TAMINI, 2012; SZREDER, 2012, among others). Thus, this research contributes by presenting a quantitative study and by observing templates behaviour through early phonological development. Data from three children aged 9 24 months are analysed. In the analysis, non linearity and instability are observed in the phonological development. In regard to the discussion on (des)continuity, the results do not present many evidences in favour of continuity. Although babble and words are produced in the same session, the two types of production show more phonological differences than similarities. The conclusion is that continuity between babble and words cannot be verified if it is assumed that phonological and phonetic aspects work independently from one another. The continuity can 10 be verified if these two modules are integrated as Articulatory /Gestural Phonology (BROWMAN; GOLDSTEIN, 1986; ALBANO, 2001) and Usage- Based Phonology/Exemplar Theory (CRISTÓFARO-SILVA, 2003) propose. The results show that different children produce similar phonological structures in their phonological development, e.g., word length, syllable structure, among others; which follow the characteristics of the target language. However, differences are found in the transition from babble to words in relation to the strategies used for lexical expansion, i.e., the use of different templates as the order of use and disuse of templates. This study observes that moments of self-organization tend to vary from child to child in the development of phonology.
Martins, Marcus Vinicíus Moreira. "Aspectos da percepção e do controle entoacional do Português Brasileiro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-12062013-115124/.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this study is to determine the differential treshold of pitch (DTPs) for Brazilian Portuguese, with regard to intonation. DTPs are defined as values ??from which the perception of a certain greatness becomes perceptually relevant. Consoni et (2011) determined that such values ??would be of +3 and -4 semitones for manipulated words in a sentence. Our goal is to review these values ??from the phrasal level. Our hypothesis is that the temporal extension affects perception, due to the effect tau (SHIGENO, 1986). For this purpose two experiments were applied using 13 pairs of the same sentence, spoken by a male voice unmarked. The pairs consisted of a neutral setence (with zero tone) paired with the others twelve sentences with manipulated F0 (6 semitones ascending semitones and 6 descendants, from zero), plus the zero-zero pair. The first test had only two alternatives yes and no and was named 2AFC test, while the second one had three options: yes, no and maybe and was named 3MFC. Participants were asked to answer whether or not noticed any difference between the presented pairs. The tests were applied to 16 people. The results from 3MFC test were disregarded, the 3MFC data were used as a qualitative standard for testing our hypothesis. Following, ANOVA was applied in the 2AFC test in order to determine whether there was any effect, we obtained a p < 0.001 to n = 16, Fo > Fe. To determine the differential treshold of pitch was applied principal component analysis, which returned as threshold values ??of -3 and +3 semitones.
Wiethan, Fernanda Marafiga. "Aquisição do vocabulário e da fonologia do português brasileiro". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3439.
Texto completo da fonteThis research aimed to analyze the phonology and vocabulary behavior in children with typical language development and to verify the correlations between these language components. 186 children aged from 1:6 to 5:11;29, who were Brazilian Portuguese speakers, with typical language development took part in this research. The data collection involved speech, language and hearing assessments and spontaneous speech recordings. The phonology was assessed regarding to the number of acquired consonants in the general phonological system, in each syllabic structure, in Implicational model of feature complexity (IMFC) levels and sound classes. The vocabulary was assessed as to number of produced types, tokens and word classes. These data were compared among the ages. After, the correlations among the types produced and the variables set to the phonological system and between word classes and sound classes were calculated in each age. The correlation significance was also calculated. Nouns and verbs were prevalent in all ages. The production of the word classes increases with the age except onomatopoeias and interjections. In general, the types produced also present increase with the age. The phonological acquisition was similar to other Brazilian researches. Stops and nasals are acquired first, followed by fricatives and liquids. Different positive correlations were found among the types produced and the consonants, syllabic structures and IMFC levels. Only one negative correlation was found between the number of types and the complex onset in the last age analyzed. Regarding to the correlations between the word classes and sound classes, the positive correlations were prevalent, and they occurred more in the first age groups. Most of the negative correlations were found in the intermediate age groups. The nasals didn't have correlations with the word classes and the stops had only positive correlations. The fricatives presented more significant correlations with different word classes than other sound classes. Few significant correlations between the word classes and the liquids occurred and most of them were negative. In conclusion, the phonological acquisition of Brazilian Portuguese starts with stops and nasals, so fricatives and liquids are more marked. The phonological system present a gradual growing with few regressions. In general, the acquisition of vocabulary occurs as a growing process. Nouns and verbs are prevalent and they are the first words produced by the children. The words more related to syntax, such as conjunctions, are acquired later and have slower improvement. The word classes are more produced according to age, except onomatopoeias and interjections. Most of the correlations between vocabulary and phonology were positive, which indicates that these two systems are interdependent. The negative correlations were related to complex onset and to the most complex word classes and sound classes. These negative correlations point to the influence of phonological complexity and syntax in the vocabulary acquisition.
Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar o comportamento da fonologia e do vocabulário em crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem, verificando as correlações existentes entre esses componentes. Participaram do estudo 186 crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem e idades entre 1:6 e 5:11;29, falantes do Português Brasileiro. As coletas de dados envolveram avaliações fonoaudiológicas e gravação da fala espontânea. Analisou-se a fonologia quanto ao número de consoantes adquiridas no sistema fonológico geral, em cada estrutura silábica, nos níveis do Modelo Implicacional de Complexidade de Traços (MICT) e nas classes fonêmicas. O vocabulário foi analisado quanto ao número de tipos, ocorrências e classes gramaticais produzidos. Esses dados foram comparados estatisticamente entre as faixas etárias. Após, calcularam-se as correlações entre os tipos produzidos e as variáveis estabelecidas para a fonologia e entre classes fonêmicas e classes gramaticais em cada faixa etária, verificando-se também a significância da correlação. Verificou-se predominância de substantivos e verbos em todas as faixas etárias e todas as classes gramaticais dos itens lexicais aumentam a produção com o avanço da idade, exceto interjeições e onomatopeias. Os tipos produzidos, de modo geral, também apresentam progressão com a idade. A aquisição fonológica foi semelhante a outras pesquisas brasileiras, sendo as plosivas e nasais adquiridas primeiro, seguidas das fricativas e líquidas. Houve diferentes correlações positivas entre os tipos de palavras produzidos e as consoantes, estruturas silábicas e níveis do MICT, com apenas uma correlação negativa, referente à produção dos tipos com o onset complexo na última faixa etária analisada. Quanto às correlações entre as classes fonêmicas e gramaticais, houve mais correlações positivas, que se concentraram nas faixas etárias iniciais. A maioria das correlações negativas concentraram-se nas faixas etárias intermediárias. As consoantes nasais não se correlacionam com as classes gramaticais, e para as plosivas, as correlações foram todas positivas. As fricativas foram as consoantes que apresentaram mais correlações significantes com diferentes classes gramaticais. Houve poucas correlações significativas entre as classes gramaticais e as consoantes líquidas, sendo a maioria negativa. Conclui-se que a aquisição fonológica do Português Brasileiro inicia com as plosivas e nasais, sendo as fricativas e líquidas mais marcadas. O sistema fonológico apresenta crescimento gradual com poucas regressões. A aquisição do vocabulário, de modo geral, ocorre como um processo crescente. Os substantivos e verbos são predominantes e constituem-se nos primeiros itens produzidos pelas crianças. Os elementos mais relacionados à sintaxe, como as conjunções, por exemplo, são adquiridos mais tardiamente e tem evolução mais lenta. Todas as classes gramaticais tendem a ser mais produzidas conforme a idade, exceto onomatopeias e interjeições. Quanto às correlações entre vocabulário e fonologia, a maioria foi positiva, indicando que esses sistemas são interdependentes. As correlações negativas foram relacionadas à estrutura silábica do onset complexo e às classes gramaticais e fonêmicas mais complexas, o que aponta para a influência da complexidade fonológica e da sintaxe na aquisição do vocabulário.
Teixeira, Taize Winkelmann. "A forma e o uso dos sufixos -inho e -zinho em variedades do português do sul do Brasil". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16216.
Texto completo da fonteIn this paper, the distribution of the suffixes -inho and -zinho is investigated in the dialects of Porto Alegre and Curitiba. Starting from studies that cover such affix, we looked at factors of linguistic nature, like grammatical class (names, nonames), tonicity (stressed on the last, second last, or third last syllable), final segment in the primitive form (low vowel, back and front low-mid vowels, -i, primitive -u, -e, primitive -o, -s / -z, -r / -m, -l), final syllable onset (dorsal nasal, labial, coronal, dorsal, empty onset), and extra linguistic nature factors, such as educational background (primary, elementary, high school), sex (male and female), age group (less than 50 and more than 50 years old), place (Porto Alegre and Curitiba). This research makes use of extracted speech data of 24 interviews from Projeto VARSUL and of a productivity test, which uses pseudo words, applied to 20 applicants. For the quantitative analysis of the results, we make an adapted use of the programs that compose the package VARBRUL, not taking into account only of frequencies numbers, since it is not a typically variable phenomenon. The analysis of the results showed that -inho is the most used suffix, although -zinho is the favorite in the context of pseudo words. Besides, a predominantly alternating pattern was observed, as already expected in literature, defined by the tonicity, although some place for variable uses may be reserved.
Blank, Marceli Tessmer. "Influências fonológicas na aquisição da escrita do português por crianças bilíngues (pomerano/português brasileiro)". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3227.
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No Brasil, ainda hoje, existem inúmeras comunidades de descendentes de imigrantes que, durante o século XIX, vieram da Europa e se instalaram por todos os estados brasileiros. No Rio Grande do sul, o pomerano - um dos dialetos do alemão padrão - ainda é utilizado como língua materna de comunidades de descendentes de imigrantes germânicos (VANDRESEN e CÔRREA, 2006; BANDEIRA, 2010) e as crianças nascidas nestas localidades não raro possuem o português como segunda língua, a qual, muitas vezes, é falada somente na escola ou em contato com falantes nativos do português. Considerando que os falantes do dialeto alemão, ao falarem português, podem apresentar marcas de origem fonética, estrutural e rítmica (PRADE, 2003) e que as crianças, durante as primeiras produções escritas, recorrem a seus conhecimentos linguísticos como forma de resolver problemas relacionados à pauta sonora (ABAURRE, 1999; KATO, 2002; MIRANDA, 2009), neste estudo, objetiva-se descrever e analisar as possíveis influências fonológicas na produção escrita do português por crianças bilíngues (pomerano / PB), especificamente no que se refere à troca de fonema surdo-sonoro; troca do ‘r’ forte pelo ‘r’ fraco; troca do ditongo nasal ‘am’ por ‘on’, fenômenos característicos de influência do sistema alemão sobre o português,a fim de que se possa refletir sobre as relações entre a fala e a escrita. O estudo baseia-se na análise de textos produzidos por 9 sujeitos bilíngues (pomerano / português), alunos de uma escola pública do município de Arroio do Padre – RS. As coletas, em um total de 8, foram realizadas mensalmente no decorrer do ano de 2011.Como suporte à análise dos dados de escrita, utilizou-se também uma coleta de fala dos informantes, a qual foi realizada por meio do instrumento de avaliação fonológica proposto por YAVAS, HERNANDORENA & LAMPRECHT (1991). Os resultados da análise dos dados de escrita e de fala foram comparados a outros, obtidos em estudos envolvendo bilíngues, com as mesmas características dos aqui investigados, e a dados de monolíngues, também extraídos de pesquisas sobre o tema. No que se refere à troca de obstruintes, os resultados apontaram para uma relação distinta entre a fala e a escrita dos bilíngues, pois as influências da língua materna observadas na fala dos pesquisados não se estenderam, por completo, à escrita destes. No entanto, no que se refere à troca do ‘r’ forte pelo ‘r’ fraco e à troca do ditongo nasal ‘am’ por ‘on’, os resultados de escrita revelaram erros com motivação fonológica. Tais resultados tornam-se relevantes tanto para as pesquisas que envolvem aquisição da escrita, pois refletem sobre as semelhanças nas estratégias utilizadas pelas crianças bilíngues e monolíngues durante o processo de aquisição dessa modalidade, como para os estudos voltados à L2, pois apresentam diferenças no que se refere à motivação dos erros.
In Brazil, there are several communities formed by descendants of immigrants who came from Europe in the 19th century and settled all Brazilian states. In Rio Grande do Sul state, a Pomeranian dialect derived from standard German has still been used as the mother tongue in communities of German descendants (VANDRESEN and CÔRREA, 2006; BANDEIRA, 2010). Portuguese is quite often the second language acquired by children born in these communities since it is mostly spoken in schools and in places where native speakers speak Portuguese. Taking into account that speakers of the German dialect may produce phonetic, structural and rhythmic markers (PRADE, 2003) when they speak Portuguese and that children use their previous linguistic knowledge in their first written productions in order to solve problems related to the language sounds (ABAURRE, 1999; KATO, 2002; MIRANDA, 2009), this study aims at describing and analyzing phonological influences on these bilingual children’s writings in Brazilian Portuguese, mainly concerning changes of voiceless-voiced phonemes, strong ‘r’ by weak ‘r’ and the nasal diphthong ‘am’ by ‘on’ – typical phenomena that results from the influence of the German system on Portuguese – to reflect upon the relations between speech and writing. The study is based on the analyses of texts written by 9 bilingual subjects (Pomeranian dialect and Portuguese) who go to a public Elementary school in Arroio do Padre, a city located in the south of the state. Data collection was carried out once a month, for 8 months, in 2011. The analysis of written data was also enriched by oral data which was collected by a tool of phonological evaluation proposed by YAVAS, HERNANDORENA & LAMPRECHT (1991). Results of the analysis of the written and oral data were compared not only to data found by other studies of bilingual subjects who had the same characteristics of the children in this study but also to data produced by monolingual subjects. Regarding the change of obstruents, results showed that there is a distinct relation between the bilingual children’s speech and writing because the influences of the mother tongue which were observed in their speech have not totally been transferred to their writings. However, regarding the change of strong ‘r’ by weak ‘r’ and the nasal diphthong ‘am’ by ‘on’, written results showed phonologically motivated mistakes. Such results are relevant to research on written language acquisition because they reflect similarities in the strategies used by bilingual and monolingual children in their acquisition process and to studies of second language acquisition because learners have different motivation when they commit mistakes.
Guide, Bruno Ferrari. "Abordagem computacional para a questão do acento no português brasileiro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19122016-100651/.
Texto completo da fonteThe main goal of this project was to provide insight into the behavior of stress patterns of Brazilian Portuguese using computational tools in order to find eventual relationships between segmental, prosodic or morphologic features and word stress. Such analysis was based on a critical reading of some of the main proposals from theoretical phonology regarding the matter. This was considered the first step towards an innovative approach for this field of research. Such discussion was concluded by implementing algorithms representing models of the theoretical proposals for treating the behavior of stress. Afterward, those solutions were tested in relevant corpora of Portuguese aiming to analyze both the words which fell inside what was considered standard and the words that should be considered exceptions to the typical behavior in the language. Simultaneously, a noted corpus of Brazilian Portuguese words was compiled, from which were implemented both groups of models that have probabilistic nature that completes the frame of approaches drawn from this project. The first group is composed of models based on the notion of N-grams, in which the attribution of stress to a word happens based on the probability attributed to the `n\' sized chains that compose this word, which results in a model that is sensitive to patterns of co-occurrence and computationally efficient. The second group of models is called Naive Bayes Classifier, which is a more sophisticated probabilistic approach that is more corpus demanding, this approach takes into account a vector of features that was defined in order to attribute stress to a word. Those features were morphological, prosodic and segmental characteristics of the words.
Amaral, Tauanne Tainá. "A prosodização de pronomes oblíquos no português arcaico /". Araraquara, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151046.
Texto completo da fonteOrientador(a): Gladis Massini-Cagliari
Banca: Elisa Battisti
Banca: Luciani Ester Tenani
Banca: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck
Banca: Cristina Martins Fargetti
Resumo: Esta tese objetiva estudar o direcionamento da adjunção de clíticos fonológicos no Português Arcaico (PA) a partir das cantigas galego-portuguesas: as cantigas religiosas (Cantigas de Santa Maria, de Afonso X, o rei Sábio) e as cantigas profanas (cantigas de amor, de amigo, de escárnio e maldizer). Através do levantamento e da análise comparativa da cliticização sintática e fonológica dos pronomes oblíquos presentes nesse corpus, chegamos à determinação da cliticização destes elementos e a pistas da formação de constituintes prosódicos maiores, especificamente o constituinte prosódico intermediário, localizado entre a Palavra Fonológica e o Sintagma Fonológico. Partindo do mapeamento das ocorrências de pronomes oblíquos presentes nas cento e cinquenta primeiras Cantigas de Santa Maria e em cento e cinquenta cantigas profanas (50 cantigas de amor, 50 cantigas de amigo e 50 cantigas de escárnio e maldizer), argumentamos a favor da possibilidade de se considerar a existência de um constituinte intermediário como um nível hierárquico importante dentro da estrutura prosódica do Português Arcaico. Para comprovar tal possibilidade, analisamos três tipos de evidências: as pistas que vêm do fenômeno de interpolação, as pistas que vêm da consideração de estruturas prosódicas inseparáveis e as pistas que vêm do processo de elisão. A interpolação nos sugere um caráter distinto no comportamento dos pronomes do ponto de vista fonológico, uma vez que, quando temos material entre o clítico e o verbo, não é possível considerar que a palavra hospedeira fonológica do pronome clítico seja o verbo. Assim como Guzzo (2015) mostra para o Português Brasileiro, verificamos que no Português Arcaico há determinadas estruturas inseparáveis que devem ser prosodizadas no Grupo Composto (VOGEL 2008, 2009... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This thesis aims to study the adjunction direction of phonological clitics in Archaic Portuguese (AP) from the Galician-Portuguese cantigas (a genre of poetry): the religious cantigas (Cantigas de Santa Maria, by Afonso X, the Wise King) and the secular cantigas (love songs [cantigas de amor], friend songs [cantigas de amigo], and satirical songs [cantigas de escárnio e maldizer]). Through the survey and the comparative analysis of the syntactic and phonological cliticization of the unstressed pronouns present in the corpus, we could determine the direction of cliticization of these elements and identify clues of major prosodic constituents formation, specifically the intermediate prosodic constituent, located between the Phonological Word and the Phonological Phrase. Departing from the mapping of the occurrences of unstressed pronouns present in the first 150 Cantigas de Santa Maria and in 150 secular cantigas (50 cantigas de amor, 50 cantigas de amigo and 50 cantigas de escárnio e maldizer), we argue in favor of considering the existence of an intermediate constituent as an important hierarchical level within the prosodic hierarchy of Archaic Portuguese. To prove this possibility, we analyzed three types of evidence: the clues that come from the phenomenon of interpolation, the clues that come from the consideration of inseparable prosodic structures and the clues that come from the process of elision. The iterpolation suggests us a distinct character in the behavior of phonological pronouns, once there can occur between the clitic and the verb, it is not possible to consider that the phonological host word of the clitic pronoun is the verb. As Guzzo (2015) shows for Brazilian Portuguese, in Archaic Portuguese there are certain inseparable structures that must be prosodized in the Compound Group (VOGEL 2008, 2009, 2010)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Meneses, Francisco 1986. "As vogais desvozeadas no Português Brasileiro = investigação acústico-articulatória = Devoiced vowels in Brazilian portuguese : an acoustic-articulatory investigation". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270636.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Este trabalho examina o processo de produção de vogais desvozeadas no português brasileiro (doravante PB). O objetivo é, a partir de uma visão de cunho dinâmico, mostrar que há, no sinal das chamadas sílabas desvozeadas, rastros da vogal que impossibilitam uma hipótese de síncope vocálica. Além disso, busca-se uma síntese teórica das pistas acústicas encontradas a fim de relacioná-las à articulação das vogais desvozeadas. Para tanto, uma análise acústico-articulatória foi realizada a partir da gravação da leitura de frases-veículos. As leituras das frases foram realizadas por seis sujeitos do sexo feminino, naturais de Vitória da Conquista - BA, sem queixas de fala ou audição. As gravações foram realizadas em uma cabine acústica, por meio de gravador digital. A análise instrumental foi realizada por meio do software PRAAT. Foram obtidas as medidas de duração da sílaba e do ruído fricativo, as medidas do centroide do ruído e os valores da Razão de centralização formântica (doravante FCR) e a Área de espaço vocálico (doravante VSA) das vogais em contexto de desvozeamento. Os resultados encontrados mostram que há um gradiente de desvozeamento manifestado de três maneiras: as medidas de duração, assim como as medidas do primeiro momento espectral, mostraram que pistas remanescentes do gesto vocálico permanecem no ruído das fricativas; os dados de FCR e VSA mostram que as vogais sofrem uma grande redução da magnitude em contexto de desvozeamento. Os resultados apontam para um efeito de sobreposição de gestos, em detrimento de uma síncope vocálica. Essa hipótese não caberia em descrições fonológicas tradicionais, as quais, em geral, lidam com operações simbólicas. O fenômeno em estudo pode, então, ser iluminado pela Fonologia Gestual (BROWMAN E GOLDSTEIN, 1992; BALL E KENT, 1997; ALBANO, 2001), a qual, em relação à representação tradicional, é capaz de expressar realizações gradientes, pois incorpora com sucesso os fatores tempo e magnitude, diretamente relacionados à ideia de movimento dos articuladores
Abstract: This paper examines the production of devoiced vowels in Brazilian Portuguese. The goal is to depart from a dynamic view to show that there are vowel traces in the signal of devoiced syllables, a fact which weakens the hypothesis of vowel syncope. In addition, we seek a theoretical synthesis of the acoustic cues found in order to relate them to devoiced vowel articulation. To this end, an acoustic-articulatory analysis was performed from the recording of read carrier sentences. The sentences were read by six female subjects, from Vitória da Conquista - BA, without speech or hearing problems. The recordings were performed in an acoustic booth, using a digital recorder. The instrumental analysis was performed using the PRAAT software. The following measurements were made: the duration of the syllable and its fricative noise, the centroid of the noise and the values of formant centralization ratio (FCR) and vowel space area (VSA) of vowels in devoicing context. The results show that there is gradient devoicing manifested in three ways: both the duration measurements and the first spectral moment measures showed that the vowel gesture cues remain in fricative noise signal; FCR and VSA data show that vowels undergo great magnitude reduction in the devoicing context. The results indicate an effect of overlapping gestures, rather than vowel syncope. This hypothesis would not fit into traditional phonological descriptions, which usually deal with symbolic operations. The phenomenon under study can thus then be illuminated by Gestural Phonology (BROWMAN AND GOLDSTEIN, 1992; BALL AND KENT, 1997; ALBANO, 2001), which, as opposed to traditional representation, is able to express gradients, as it incorporates successfully the factors of timing and magnitude, directly related to the idea of articulator movement
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Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística
Braga, João Vinicius de Almeida. "Tipos de tópicos em português brasileiro: um olhar prosódico-sintático". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19012017-135903/.
Texto completo da fonteThis study is about different topic constructions and their darivations. This differentiation was established by Frascarreli & Hinterhölzl (2007) based on the approach developed by Rizzi (1997), which proposes a more articulated CP structure. So Frascarelli & Hinterhölzl (2007) conducted corpora syrvey and unveal three types of topics in the Italian and German: a) shifting topic (aboutness topic): information that is the subject of the sentence, relativaly (Reinhart, 1981); b) contrastive topic: a phrase that creates a opposition to another pharse (Chafe, 1987) c) familiar topic: a given or accessable constituint (PESETSKY, 1987). To give an ideato this problem, please, consider the examples, below: 1) JOHN (* he) reads the syntax book (not Peter). Contrastive focus 2) The syntax book, John read ø / it yesterday. Topic 3) John, he read the syntax book. Topic 4) John ø syntax read the book yesterday. Topic These sentences ar all fine in BP. Sentence (1) can not have the strong pronoun. Sentence (2) is accetable in both forms either with a strong pronoun or wth the empity category. Sentence (3) is accetable because John is based generated at spell out. Sentence (4) is ambiguous bettween movment or base generation. The authors evaluate the intonation of each one of the structures like (2, 3 and 4) and propose that: they are all based generated leaving the derivation via movment to express focus, sentence (1). Based on this work, we carried out a comparative study of the topic structures in BP. Analizing sentences like (2-4) we stabilishs the intonational contour of them and look for a better treatment for such syntactic structures: derivation via movement, or base generation. In the very first chapter we present the problem and the architecture of the phonetic articulation, the autossegmental and metric phonology and prosodic structure that will guide this study. Then, some previous studies in this area are show wtih the descriptions of the PB neutral sentences and sentences with prosodic focus on the subject, and, also, sentences with already raised topics in the recent past. In the second chapter, we will present the syntactic theory that supports our understanding of the structures involved here and the type of analisys envolved. The generative theory formulated by Chomsky will serve as base line, especially from the Minimalist Program (COMSKY 1995 and laters). After this introduction, we will present some findings on this set of sentences and two possible paths to follow. In the third chapter we describe the experiment, in the fourth we present and discuss the results. Finally, the fifth and final chapter offers an overview of the foregoing and the conclusions.
Balduino, Amanda Macedo. "A nasalidade no português de STP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-03072018-123304/.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this study is to describe and analyse the vocalic nasality of the Portuguese spoken in São Tomé (PST) and of the Portuguese spoken in Príncipe (PP). PST and PP are Portuguese language varieties from São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) presenting particular linguistic caracteristics (GONÇALVES, 2010; CHRISTOFOLETTI, 2013; BRAGA, 2018). Considering the linguistic contact context into which PST and PP are inserted and knowing the requirement of a wider linguistic investigation dedicated to these varieties, we intend to (i) describe and propose a phonological analysis of tautosyllabic contrastive nasality in PST and PP; (ii) investigate the presence of heterosyllabic nasality and then suggest a phonological analysis for these processes, and (iii) compare the results with the same phenomena in Santome and LungIe, autochthonous languages, and with analogous studies on European Portuguese (EP) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP). We adopted laboratory phonology as methodological approach (OHALA, 1995), and the corpus for analysis was constituted by recordings in STP. In total, the data was composed by 1,684 lexical itens (822 for PST and 822 for PP) which could present (i) tautosyllabic contrastive nasality; (ii) possibility of heterosyllabic nasality and (iii) nasality in boundary words and phrases. The words were recorded inside carrier sentences such as Eu falo X baixinho (I say X lowly) and Eu falo X (I say X), where X was replaced for the target item. By using the software Praat (BOERSMA & WEENICK, 2015), we extracted the duration of oral vowels (V) and tautosyllabic nasal vowels (VN) from minimal pairs which showed this opposition in miliseconds. The data analysis, based on phonological segmental and suprassegmental parameters, indicates that VN is, on average, 48% longer than V in PST and 56% longer in PP. Assuming nasal vowel lengthening as an indication for biphonemic structure for contrastive nasality in PB (MORAES & WETZELS 1992), the lengthening identified in PST and PP allows us to evaluate contrastive nasality also as biphonemic /VN/ in the varieties examined. Thus, V is longer, since it is the result of a deletion of the consonantal coda /N/. This process is followed by the dissemination of the [+nasal] feature into the previous vowel in CV tier, which maintains the syllabic temporal unit because of this phenomenon (GOLDSMITH, 1976; CLEMENTS & KEYSER, 1983). Lastly, heterosyllabic nasality in unstressed lexical itens was not identified in the data examined, and the heterosyllabic nasality in stressed words evidenced an optional character. This performance approximates the studied varieties to Santome and LungIe and indicates a singular structure for PST and PP, confirming them as proper varieties different from PE and PB.
Costa, Daniel Soares da [UNESP]. "Estudo do acento lexical no português arcaico por meio das Cantigas de Santa Maria". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93991.
Texto completo da fonteCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo desta dissertação é a análise da atribuição do acento no galego-português, período trovadoresco, tomado a partir de sua realização nas cantigas religiosas remanescentes – as Cantigas de Santa Maria, de Afonso X. Desta forma, esta dissertação consiste no estudo de um aspecto da Fonologia do Português Medieval, na sua dimensão prosódica, a partir de uma comparação das características lingüísticas das cantigas medievais profanas (estudadas anteriormente por Massini-Cagliari, 1995, 1999) com as religiosas. A tese de Massini-Cagliari (1995) inaugura no Brasil a metodologia empregada na presente pesquisa. Tal metodologia centra-se na busca das características prosódicas de línguas mortas ou de períodos passados de línguas vivas na estrutura métrico-poética da poesia sobrevivente. Em parte, a proposta baseia-se em metodologias adotadas em trabalhos anteriores sobre outras línguas (sobretudo inglês) – especialmente Halle e Keyser (1971). Mas, na maior parte, baseia-se na observação da estrutura das cantigas medievais galegoportuguesas e de como a contagem das sílabas poéticas e a concatenação dos acentos (poéticos) deixa entrever as características da língua sobre as quais os versos são construídos. Assim, a partir do diálogo estabelecido com a tese de Massini-Cagliari (1995) – e sobretudo com a versão revista e publicada dessa tese (Massini-Cagliari, 1999) -, o objetivo foi observar se, no discurso religioso, muito mais rico em léxico do que as cantigas de amigo estudadas por Massini-Cagliari, podem ser encontrados padrões não mapeados por essa pesquisadora em sua análise. A análise feita no interior do quadro teórico inaugurado pelas teorias fonológicas nãolineares, especialmente pela Fonologia Métrica Paramétrica de Hayes (1995), mostrou que, nas cantigas religiosas, há padrões prosódicos, quanto ao acento...
This dissertation aims to analyse stress attribution in Medieval Portuguese. The corpus is composed by Alfonso X s Cantigas de Santa Maria. In this way, it studies one aspect of Medieval Portuguese Phonology, on its prosodic dimension, establishing a comparison of the linguistic characteristics in religious and secular medieval cantigas (studied previously by Massini-Cagliari, 1995, 1999). Massini-Cagliari (1995) thesis inaugurates in Brazil the methodology used in the present research. Such methodology is based on the search of prosodic characteristics of dead languages or past periods of alive languages in the metrical poetic structure of the surviving poetry. The proposal is partly based on methodologies adopted in previous works about other languages (mainly English) - especially Halle and Keyser (1971). But for the most part it is based on medieval cantigas structure observation and on the abstraction of Galician- Portuguese linguistic characteristics from scansion of poetic syllables and concatenation of poetic prominences. This dissertation establishes a dialogue with Massini-Cagliari (1995, 1999), objecting to verify whether it is possible to find in the religious discourse of Cantigas de Santa Maria (lexically richer than the secular cantigas de amigo) prosodic patterns that could not be found previously in Massini-Cagliari approach. The data are analysed from Non-Linear Phonology theoretical approach, especially Parametrical Metrical Phonology - Hayes (1995). The results show that there are, in Alfonso X s Cantigas de Santa Maria, prosodic stress patterns that could not be found in cantigas de amigo, such as non-adverbial oxytones ended by light syllables and paroxytones ended by closed syllables (mainly by nasal consonants). Concerning these exceptional patterns, this dissertation proposes that, in the case of paroxytones ended by closed syllables, the final nasal is extrametrical, because there is in fact variation between the forms.
Silva, Cristiane Conceição. "Aquisição da regra de assimilação de vozeamento em Português Brasileiro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-30072008-102703/.
Texto completo da fonteThis research aimed at analyzing the acquisition of the phonological process of voicing in Brazilian Portuguese. To do so, naturalistic data, longitudinally collected from a child since she was 1;4 until she became 4;0, as well as experimental data, latitudinally collected from 46 children from the age 2;0 to the age 4;1, were analyzed. In addition, the acquisition of /s z/ in onset position and in medial and final coda position were investigated in both studies. We observed that the period of segment acquisition was later in comparison to the ones mentioned in the literature ( Mezzomo, 2003). Therefore we also analyzed the acquisition of /s z/, taking into account the following context, that is to say, what there is after them: a pause, a voiceless or a voiced segment. We noticed that the most difficult context for children was the one that contained a voiced segment, since the acquisition of /z/ in coda position occurred only at the age of 4;0. Besides, we analyzed the strategies used by children during the acquisition period of the voicing process and, as a result, we found a pattern in relation to the initial productions: children start producing [s] even when [z] is expected to be produced. We also compared the results that we obtained through the investigation of voiced contexts in both the naturalistic and the experimental studies to Newton and Wells (2002)\'s work, in which the processes of assimilation, elision and liaision are analyzed. Differently from their results, our research showed that the voicing process does not occur as soon as children start producing sentences with two words, since it is not still acquired until the age of 4;0 (the last period analyzed). Based on these results, we concluded that the voicing process is a phonological rule that must be learnt by children and, consequently, it is not a mere phonetic phenomenon, as pointed by the authors. Also based on our results, we concluded that the linguistic analysis done for the adult speech is right when it assumes that [s] the underlying form to which the voicing rule is applied, since we noticed a tendency for children to produce the voiceless fricative [s] and avoid its voiced counterpart [z].
Campos, Lívia Barbosa Borduqui [UNESP]. "Segmentações alternativas e constituintes prosódicos em Português brasileiro: uma análise através de canções da MPB". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86596.
Texto completo da fonteFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Propusemos, nesta dissertação, estabelecer uma discussão sobre a relação entre a organização prosódica do Português brasileiro e a produção de sentido(s). Para desenvolver essa discussão, realizamos análises fonológica e discursiva de cadeias fônicas ambíguas presentes na interpretação de quatro canções populares brasileiras. Essa ambigüidade se deve à segmentação alternativa de determinadas cadeias fônicas presentes nas canções. A segmentação, a nosso ver, divide o fluxo enunciativo e estabelece fronteiras, sendo que chamamos de alternativa àquelas segmentações que, na interpretação, alteram as fronteiras das segmentações estabelecidas nas letras impressas das canções. Buscamos compreender como essas segmentações se relacionam com as alterações de fronteiras de constituintes prosódicos e quais as relações existentes entre essas alterações de fronteiras e a construção de sentido(s) na linguagem. A hipótese que orientou nosso trabalho foi a de que as segmentações realizadas pelos intérpretes, as quais diferem daquelas estabelecidas nas letras das canções, representariam um momento em que se poderia olhar, de maneira privilegiada, para o funcionamento da linguagem, sendo possível observar tanto sua organização prosódica quanto sua estrutura heterogênea. Considerando essa hipótese, nosso objetivo mais geral foi o de explicitar, a partir de uma visão global sobre a linguagem, não somente os fatos fonológicos da língua, mas também os sentidos que esses fatos desencadeiam em um texto. Como objetivo mais específico, buscamos evidências (i) das alterações de fronteiras dos constituintes prosódicos, através das segmentações...
In this dissertation, we proposed to establish a discussion about the relationship between the Brazilian prosodic organization of Portuguese and the sense production. In order to develop that discussion, we accomplished phonological and discursive analyses of ambiguous phonic chains present in the interpretation of four Brazilian popular songs. This ambiguity is due to the alternative segmentation of certain phonic chains in the songs. The segmentation, from our point of view, divides the speech flow and establishes boundaries. In the interpretation of the songs, the segmentations which alter the boundaries of the established segmentations in the printed lyrics of the songs were named as alternative. We aimed to understand how those segmentations are related to the alterations of prosodic constituent boundaries and what the existent relationships between those alterations of boundaries and the sense construction in the language are. Our work was guided by the hypothesis that the segmentations accomplished by the interpreters, which differ from those established in the songs lyrics, would represent a moment in which it would be possible to look at the language functioning, in a privileged way, enabling the observation of the prosodic organization as well as the heterogeneous structure of the language. In considering this hypothesis, our general objective was to determine, from a global vision of the language, not only the phonological facts of the language, but also the senses that those facts unchain in a text. As a more specific objective, we looked for evidences (i) of the alterations of prosodic constituent...(Complete abstract click eletronic access below)
Campos, Lívia Barbosa Borduqui. "Segmentações alternativas e constituintes prosódicos em Português brasileiro : uma análise através de canções da MPB /". São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86596.
Texto completo da fonteBanca: Gisela Collischonn
Banca: Fabiana Cristina Komesu
Resumo: Propusemos, nesta dissertação, estabelecer uma discussão sobre a relação entre a organização prosódica do Português brasileiro e a produção de sentido(s). Para desenvolver essa discussão, realizamos análises fonológica e discursiva de cadeias fônicas ambíguas presentes na interpretação de quatro canções populares brasileiras. Essa ambigüidade se deve à segmentação alternativa de determinadas cadeias fônicas presentes nas canções. A segmentação, a nosso ver, divide o fluxo enunciativo e estabelece fronteiras, sendo que chamamos de alternativa àquelas segmentações que, na interpretação, alteram as fronteiras das segmentações estabelecidas nas letras impressas das canções. Buscamos compreender como essas segmentações se relacionam com as alterações de fronteiras de constituintes prosódicos e quais as relações existentes entre essas alterações de fronteiras e a construção de sentido(s) na linguagem. A hipótese que orientou nosso trabalho foi a de que as segmentações realizadas pelos intérpretes, as quais diferem daquelas estabelecidas nas letras das canções, representariam um momento em que se poderia olhar, de maneira privilegiada, para o funcionamento da linguagem, sendo possível observar tanto sua organização prosódica quanto sua estrutura heterogênea. Considerando essa hipótese, nosso objetivo mais geral foi o de explicitar, a partir de uma visão global sobre a linguagem, não somente os fatos fonológicos da língua, mas também os sentidos que esses fatos desencadeiam em um texto. Como objetivo mais específico, buscamos evidências (i) das alterações de fronteiras dos constituintes prosódicos, através das segmentações...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this dissertation, we proposed to establish a discussion about the relationship between the Brazilian prosodic organization of Portuguese and the sense production. In order to develop that discussion, we accomplished phonological and discursive analyses of ambiguous phonic chains present in the interpretation of four Brazilian popular songs. This ambiguity is due to the alternative segmentation of certain phonic chains in the songs. The segmentation, from our point of view, divides the speech flow and establishes boundaries. In the interpretation of the songs, the segmentations which alter the boundaries of the established segmentations in the printed lyrics of the songs were named as alternative. We aimed to understand how those segmentations are related to the alterations of prosodic constituent boundaries and what the existent relationships between those alterations of boundaries and the sense construction in the language are. Our work was guided by the hypothesis that the segmentations accomplished by the interpreters, which differ from those established in the songs lyrics, would represent a moment in which it would be possible to look at the language functioning, in a privileged way, enabling the observation of the prosodic organization as well as the heterogeneous structure of the language. In considering this hypothesis, our general objective was to determine, from a global vision of the language, not only the phonological facts of the language, but also the senses that those facts unchain in a text. As a more specific objective, we looked for evidences (i) of the alterations of prosodic constituent...(Complete abstract click eletronic access below)
Mestre
Braga, Gabriela. "Prosódia do português de São Tomé: o contorno entoacional das sentenças declarativas neutras". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-13082018-154538/.
Texto completo da fonteThis study aims to (i) describe and analyze the intonational contour on neutral declarative sentences in the Portuguese spoken on São Tomé island, in São Tomé & Principe (PST), specifically the relation between the association of tonal events with the intonational contour and the formation of prosodic domains, either on controlled or spontaneous speech and (ii) compare the results achieved on PST with the ones described on previous papers on other Portuguese varieties already studied under the same theoretical perspective: lusitanic varieties, Brazilian varieties, and from Guinea-Bissau, an African Portuguese variety, like PST. Our hypothesis is that from the intonational point of view, PST stands far away from the SEP (standard European Portuguese), although that is the prestige variety and seen as a goal by the population, taught in schools and used by the media. To accomplish these objectives, we used the theoretical apparatus supplied by the Metric and Autosegmental Intonation Phonology to investigate the association of tonal events to the intonational contour, approaching it while integrated to the Prosodic Phonology, to verify the formation of prosodic constituents and the identification of relevant domains to the tonal event attribution. Among the prosodic and intonation characteristics we found, we highlight (i) the high tonal density of the intonational contour of the neutral declarative sentences in PST; (ii) the association of pitch accents with every prosodic word in the controlled speech sentences; (iii) the mandatory association of pitch accent to the intonational phrase head prosodic word, followed by a boundary tone associated to its right-side edge; (iv) the possibility of associating the phrasal accent to the phonological phrase edge; (v) predominantly low nuclear contour configuration (L* L%), although it is also possible to perform a top-down nuclear contour (H+L* L%) to the neutral declarative sentences in this Portuguese variety. With this paper, we point out PSTs intonational and prosodic characteristics that ward it off from SEP that may be considered as arguments for the consolidation of PST as a variety possessing (just like the PB) its own intonational grammar, proving it is not a production considered as irregular when compared to the standard one.
Fernandes, Flaviane Romani. "Ordem, focalização e preenchimento em portugues : sintaxe e prosodia". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269035.
Texto completo da fonteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: O presente trabalho, desenvolvido no âmbito da interface sintaxefonologia, consiste num estudo comparativo das construções de focalização em português brasileiro (doravante, PB) e em português europeu (doravante, PE) na expressão do foco informacional do elemento 'sujeito¿. A hipótese que buscamos confirmar ou infirmar neste estudo é a de que as diferentes formas de expressão do foco informacional do sujeito realizadas em PB e PE, além de estarem relacionadas a questões de natureza sintática, como à fixação do parâmetro prodrop, como afirmam Nespor & Guasti (2002) para as línguas em geral, também estão relacionadas a questões de natureza prosódica, como, por exemplo, o peso fonológico dos constituintes nas sentenças. Os resultados alcançados nesta tese mostram que tanto em PE, como em PB, restrições de peso fonológico atuam na escolha por determinada forma de focalização informacional do sujeito. Todavia, ainda mostram que, em PE, requisitos fonológicos relacionados ao alinhamento da proeminência do elemento focalizado com a proeminência principal de sentença podem também ser satisfeitos através do reordenamento de constituintes ou do uso de estruturas pseudoclivadas, por exemplo. Diferentemente do PE, o PB, dadas as particularidades de sua gramática, não se vale destes mesmos artifícios. Em PB, ocorre preferencialmente o uso de sentenças na ordem SV(O) com o sujeito portando a proeminência principal da sentença ou o uso de sentenças clivadas e clivadas invertidas. Quanto à primeira estratégia de focalização, ainda que o PE também possa se utilizar dela, nossos resultados indicam que as duas variedades de português apresentam diferenças quanto à posição sintática ocupada pelo sujeito focalizado. Enquanto este elemento se encontra na posição de especificador de TP em PE, em PB, ele se encontra fora de TP. Tal afirmação encontra respaldo na estrutura entoacional diferente associada a este tipo de sentença nas duas variedades
Abstract: Taking into account the syntaxphonology interface, this thesis compares subject focalization constructions in Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth, BP) and European Portuguese (henceforth, BP). This study aimed to confirm or infirm the hypothesis that the di erences between BP and EP derive from prosodic aspects of sentences, e.g., the phonologicalweightofconstituents,asidefromsyntacticpropertiesof thetwo languages, e.g., the nu subject parameter se ing (cf. Nespor & Guasti, 2002). Our results show that phonological weight constrains play an important role in both Portuguese varieties.Furthermore, our results also indicate that the phonologicalrequirementofalignment betweenthefocusprominenceand the sentence principal prominence may be satisfied in EP, for example, through reordering of constituents or pseudoclefts sentences. Due to particularities of BP grammar, these strategies are not available in BP. In this language, two solutions are available: (i) the preverbal subject ca ies the sentence principal prominence; and ( ) the use of cleft sentences and inversecleft sentences. Although strategy (i) is also used in EP, our results reveal that, in SV(O) sentences with focalized subject, the subject occupies di erent syntactical positions in the two varieties. Whereas the focalized subject occupies the TP specifier position in EP, in BP, this same element is out of TP.Evidence for this claim is provided by the di erent intonational structure type associated with this kind of sentences in the two languages
Doutorado
Doutor em Linguística
Silveira, Alfredo Christofoletti. "Ditongos no Português de São Tomé e Príncipe". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-30072013-105553/.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this work is to investigate the realization of oral diphthongs in vernacular portuguese of Sao Tome and Principe (pvs). This variety of portuguese is in contact with other languages spoken in the country and differs from the linguistic system of the considered standard variety, the european portuguese (pe) (FIGUEIREDO, 2010; GONÇALVES, 2010; CHRISTOFOLETTI, 2011; SANTOS & CHRISTOFOLETTI, 2011). The hypothesis for the behavior of the phonetic-phonological system of pvs is the learning of portuguese as L2 (from recent past generations) (HAGEMEIJER, 2009; GONÇALVES, 2010), and the influence of contact with the creole languages spoken in the country, as the santome (FERRAZ, 1979), the principense (MAURER, 2009), angolar (MAURER, 1995) and kabuverdianu, since the communities are usually bilingual or living in multilingual environment. The intergenerational linguistic changes and the linguistic contact also justify the behavior in the realization of diphthongs that have variations in their realization in pvs. The corpus of this study consists of recordings of spontaneous speech of 18 informants, collected in the capital of stp through the assumptions of sociolinguistic theory and method (LABOV, 1991 [1972]). The reason to study the achievements of diphthongs, noted the uniqueness of its accomplishments, is to observe the behavior of a variant from portuguese in a multilingual environment; increase our knowledge of this variant; confront a system in diglossia; enable further studies on the pvs and compare it with other variants in the African countries witch have portuguese as official language. Regarding social variables, there is a link to the application of the process of monophthongization with the number of years of schooling, once that people with more time of school education tend to avoid monophthongization than people with less time of school education. Moreover, it was found the uniqueness of the phonetic-phonological system of pvs, because, unlike the pe (MATEUS & DANDRADE, 2000; MATEUS, 2002), considered prestigious in the country, pvs performs the monophthongization of diphthongs [eI ], as seeing in dinheiro [di\"ñeKU], primeiro [pri\"meKU] and feijoada [feZu\"ad5], it suggests an approach to behavior of Brazilian portuguese (pb) (cf. BISOL 1991, 1994; ARAÚJO 1999; LOPES 2002 e outros), however, monophthongization still occurs in contexts in both the variants whrer it is blocked as pb, as in the pe. So monophthongization occurs even when the following consonant is an voiceless alveolar occlusive [t], as in feitiço [fe\"tisU], leitão [le\"tãU ] e direito [di\"KetU], nons-documented fact in pb or pe. Regarding the diphthong [oU ] in pvs the monophthongization is categorical, as shown in studies on diphthongs variation in other varieties of portuguese. With respect to the diphthong [oI ] we observed that the variation in the application of monophthongization occurs only when it followed by the consonant [S], responsible for spreading the vocalic feature creating the glide [I ] through phonetic process. The diphthong [aI ] suffered variation in the monophthongization process, mainly before palatal consonant, in other contexts its occurrence was not very productive. Similarly, the diphthong [eU ] had a low rate of occurrence of monophthongization, and was kept in almost all contexts. The other diphthongs, [EI ], [EU ], [uI ] and [iU ], had rare occurrences, and it was impossible to observe variations in their realizations.
DUTRA, Suélen Ribeiro. "O conhecimento fonológico de crianças do ensino fundamental sobre o acento tônico em português". Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2018. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/720.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES#
#2075167498588264571#
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Focusing on Brazilian Portuguese phonology, specifically on the attribution of marked and unmarked stress of non-verbs in this language, this Master’s Dissertation has as its main goal researching the phonological knowledge in students from four different levels of Elementary School – 3 rd, 5th, 7thand 9thyear – in relation with the attribution of primary stress in syllables. According to Bisol (1992), are considered to be unmarked: (1) words in which the second syllable (from the right, to the left) carries the stress and the following and last syllable is light and (2) words in which the stress falls on the last and heavy syllable. The method of this study consisted of creating and applying three different tests: in the first test, students were asked to read invented words; in the second test, students were asked to attribute the primary stress to invented words; and, in the third test, students were asked to create words. Based on the Metrical Phonology and on Bisol’s (1992) proposition for stress attribution in Portuguese, the results show that the students’ phonological grammar (Brazilian Portuguese native speakers) fit the established stress pattern for Brazilian Portuguese, since no words were created with non-licensed stress. The three types of primary stress that belong to the language system can be considered to be part of students’ phonological knowledge, being effectively productive only the cases in which the primary stress is considered to be unmarked. The research corpus also allowed the discussion on the attribution of stress to word sending in high vowels /i/ and /u/, since data showed that, in the invented lexical items with this context, the attribution of last-syllable and second-syllable (right-left)stress had similar occurrences. Among the main results found, it is relevant to mention that, when attributing the primary stress to new words, it is possible to perceive the emergency of the internal grammar and it is also possible to establish a relation between progressive contact with the writing acquisition and graphic stress marks in school and their interference on students’ phonological knowledge.
Com foco na fonologia do Português Brasileiro (PB), particularmente na atribuição do acento marcado e não marcado a não-verbos da língua, o objetivo primeiro do presente estudo foi buscar o desvelamento do conhecimento fonológico que alunos de quatro anos distintos do Ensino Fundamental (EF)– 3º, 5º, 7º e 9º anos–possuem em relação ao acento primário. Seguindo-se Bisol (1992), consideraram-se não marcados o acento paroxítono de palavras terminadas em sílabas leves e o acento oxítono de palavras terminadas em sílabas pesadas. A metodologia da pesquisa incluiu a criação e a aplicação de três testes distintos: o primeiro teste exigia dos alunos a leitura de palavras inventadas, o segundo pedia a atribuição do acento primário em palavras inventadas e, o último, solicitava a criação de palavras. Analisados à luz da Fonologia Métrica (FM) e da proposta de Bisol (1992) para o acento em português, os resultados evidenciaram que a gramática fonológica dos alunos, falantes nativos de PB, integra a pauta acentual da língua, uma vez que jamais foram criadas palavras com acento não licenciado. Os três tipos de acento primário presentes no sistema – oxítono, paroxítono e proparoxítono – podem ser reconhecidos como pertencentes ao conhecimento fonológico dos alunos, sendo que se mostram efetivamente produtivos apenas os casos de acento primário considerados não marcados. O corpus da pesquisa também permitiu a discussão do acento atribuído às palavras terminadas nas vogais altas /i/ e /u/, já que os dados mostraram, nos itens lexicais inventados com esse contexto, a atribuição do acento oxítono e paroxítono em índices próximos. Dentre os principais resultados extraídos da aplicação dos testes aos alunos do Ensino Fundamental, merece destaque que, na atribuição do acento primário a palavras novas, há a emergência da gramática internalizada e que o contato progressivo com a escrita e com as regras de acentuação na escola pode interferir nesse conhecimento fonológico.
Abreu-Zorzi, Thais Holanda de [UNESP]. "O estatuto prosódico dos advérbios em -mente: um estudo comparativo entre Português Arcaico e Português Brasileiro". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138342.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Esta tese tem como objetivo realizar um estudo comparativo dos advérbios em –mente em duas sincronias da língua portuguesa - Português Arcaico (PA), século XIII, e Português Brasileiro (PB) atual, a fim de observar e descrever possíveis mudanças com relação ao estatuto prosódico dessas formas. Para a descrição do estatuto prosódico desses advérbios, sobretudo no PA, elegeram-se como corpus as 420 cantigas em louvor à Virgem Maria, conhecidas como Cantigas de Santa Maria (CSM), e as 1251 cantigas profanas (510 de amigo, 431 de escárnio e maldizer e 310 de amor). Por outro lado, elegeu-se como corpus de estudo do PB um recorte do banco de dados do “Corpus Online do Português”, elaborado em conjunto pelos pesquisadores Michael Ferreira, da Universidade de Georgetown, e Mark Davies, da Brigham Young University. A partir da coleta das formas adverbiais em -mente nos corpora, são investigadas algumas propriedades dos advérbios em -mente sob o viés da Fonologia Prosódica (SELKIRK, 1984; NESPOR; VOGEL, 1986) e da Fonologia Métrica (HAYES, 1995). Conclui-se que as formas adverbiais em –mente são, do ponto de vista prosódico, compostas (um acento lexical e um secundário), tanto em PA como em PB, visto que tais advérbios podem ser considerados elementos que são formados por partes independentes entre si, em que a Regra de Atribuição do Acento atua em domínios distintos: nas bases já flexionadas e no “sufixo” –mente. Por terem um domínio independente, cada uma das partes formadoras desses advérbios representa uma palavra fonológica (ω) distinta.
This thesis aims to conduct a comparative study of adverbs ending in -mente in two synchronies of the Portuguese language - Archaic Portuguese (AP), from the thirteenth century, and current Brazilian Portuguese (BP) - in order to observe and describe possible changes regarding the prosodic status of these forms. For the description of the prosodic status of these adverbs, especially in AP, a corpus composed of 420 cantigas [a genre of poetry] in praise of the Virgin Mary, known as Cantigas de Santa Maria (CSM), and 1251 profane cantigas (510 cantigas de amigo, 431 cantigas de escárnio e maldizer and 310 cantigas de amor). On the other hand, a part of the database from “Corpus Online do Português" [Online Corpus of the Portuguese Language], prepared jointly by researchers Michael Ferreira, from Georgetown University, and Mark Davies, from Brigham Young University, was elected as study corpus of the BP. From the collection of the adverbial forms ending in -mente in the corpora, some properties of adverbs ending in -mente are investigated under the bias of Prosodic Phonology (SELKIRK, 1984; NESPOR;VOGEL, 1986) and Metrical Phonology (HAYES, 1995) are investigated. It has been concluded that from the prosodic perspective the adverbial forms ending in -mente are compounds (one lexical stress and one secondary stress) in both AP and BP, since such adverbs may be considered elements formed of independent parts among themselves, where the Stress Assignment Rule operates in different domains: in bases already inflected and in the "suffix" ending in -mente. For having an independent domain, each forming part of these adverbs represents a distinct phonological word (ω).
FAPESP: 2011/18933-8
Toneli, Priscila Marques 1982. "A palavra prosódica no português brasileiro". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270939.
Texto completo da fonteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta tese apresenta um estudo sistemático do domínio da Palavra Prosódica (PW ¿ Prosodic Word) no Português Brasileiro (doravante PB) em relação (i) à prosodização de palavras funcionais e de palavras lexicais; (ii) aos fenômenos fonológicos que podem tomar a PW como domínio de aplicação e àqueles que podem funcionar como diagnósticos para identificá-la; e (iii) à investigação da estrutura entoacional em busca de evidências desse domínio prosódico no PB. Uma comparação entre PB e Português Europeu (doravante PE) é feita ao longo do trabalho, conforme são discutidos os fenômenos fonológicos que identificam e caracterizam a PW na variedade europeia, uma vez que há um estudo sistemático sobre o respectivo domínio realizado por Vigário (2003). Os corpora analisados para o desenvolvimento da presente pesquisa foram obtidos empiricamente por meio de observação e da elaboração de experimentos que controlaram algumas variáveis para a validação ou para a refutação de algumas hipóteses, por exemplo, a investigação do domínio relevante para distribuição tonal no PB e para a atribuição de acento de foco fonológico. Na presente tese, mostramos que alguns fenômenos fonológicos tomam a PW como domínio de aplicação, como as regras de (i) atribuição de acento primário, (ii) harmonia vocálica, (iii) atribuição de acento secundário, (iv) neutralização da pretônica, (v) assimilação de nasalidade fonética, (vi) associação de acentos tonais e (vii) atribuição de acento inicial. Outros fenômenos como a haplologia, a semivocalização, a nasalidade fonética, a neutralização vocálica das vogais pretônicas e postônicas ajudam a identificar uma PW no PB. Destacamos que a síndrome da palavra mínima e as generalizações fonotáticas também contribuem para a discussão do estatuto prosódico de palavras funcionais e de palavras lexicais. Nossos resultados experimentais mostraram que a regra de atribuição de acento de foco e de acento enfático, o apagamento em estruturas coordenadas e o truncamento em sentenças que incluíam palavras formadas por duas PWs (e.g. cata-ventos) trazem evidências do Grupo de Palavra Prosódica (Prosodic Word Group - PWG). A análise da prosodização de palavras funcionais monossilábicas (e.g. a, artigo definido) também mostrou que tais palavras, quando prosodizadas como sílabas átonas, sofrem processos fonológicos pós-lexicais e são adjungidas a uma PW pronta no pós-léxico, formando um domínio prosódico acima de PW. Nesse caso, assumimos que esse domínio prosódico é PWG (cf. Toneli, 2009). Por outro lado, em relação à prosodização de afixos átonos (e.g. desfazer), assumimos, conforme já proposto na literatura do PB, que são adjungidos a uma PW pronta no componente lexical, formando uma única PW. No caso de sufixos átonos, também é assumido que são incorporados a uma base lexical no componente lexical, formando uma PW (cf. Lee, 1995; Moreno, 1997, Schwindt, 2000). A comparação entre PB e PE é tratada mais detalhadamente no âmbito da relação entre estrutura prosódica e estrutura entoacional, principalmente com relação à produção de sentenças declarativas em contexto de foco de escopo largo e de foco de escopo estreito contrastivo, e consiste em destacar os aspectos que aproximam e que distanciam as duas variedades de português, no que tange à aplicação de fenômenos fonológicos, como a distribuição tonal dentro do Sintagma Entoacional (I). Mostramos que a principal semelhança entre PB e PE é a posição e o tipo de acento tonal associado à posição nuclear de sentenças declarativas produzidas em contexto de foco largo, e a principal diferença consiste na densidade tonal, já que no PB há um acento tonal em cada PW de I, enquanto no PE há somente um acento tonal associado às posições inicial e final de I
Abstract: This thesis presents a systematic study on the domain of Prosodic Word (PW) in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) in relation to (i) the prosodization of function words and of lexical words; (ii) phonological phenomena that can take PW as an application domain, and those that can work as diagnostics to identify it; (iii) the investigation of the intonational structure searching for evidences of these prosodic domain in BP. A comparison between BP and European Portuguese (EP) is made throughout the study as the phonological phenomena that identify and characterize the PW in the European variety are discussed, since there is a systematic study about this domain conducted by Vigário (2003). The analyzed corpora on the development of this research were empirically obtained through the observation and by the elaboration of experiments that controlled some variables to validate or to deny some hypotheses, for example, the investigation of the relevant domain to the tonal distribution in BP and to the assignment of the phonological focus stress. In this thesis, we show that some phonological phenomena take the PW as an application domain, as the rules of: (i) primary stress assignment, (ii) vowel harmony, assignment of secondary stress, (iv) pretonic vowel neutralization, (v) phonetic nasality assimilation, (vi) pitch accents association and (vii) initial stress assignment. Other phenomena such as haplology, semivocalization, phonetic nasalization, pretonic and post-tonic vowels neutralization, helped us to identify a PW in PB. We emphasize that the syndrome of minimal word and that the phonotactic generalizations also contribute to the discussion of the prosodic status of function words and lexical words. Our experimental results showed that the rule for focus stress assignment and for emphatic accent, the deletion in coordinated structures, and the truncation in sentences that included words formed by two PWs (e.g. cata-ventos) provide evidence of the Prosodic Word Group (PWG). The analysis of the prosodization of monosyllabic function words (e.g. a - definite article) also showed that such words when prosodized as unstressed syllables, suffer post-lexical phonological processes and are adjoined to a ready PW in the post-lexical, forming a prosodic domain above PW. In this case, we assume that this prosodic domain is a PWG. On the other hand, in relation to unstressed prefix prosodization (e.g. desfazer > des+fazer), we assume, as already proposed in the literature of PB, that they are adjoined to a ready PW in the lexical component, forming a single PW. In the case of the unstressed suffixes, it is also assumed that they are incorporated into a lexical base in the lexical component, forming a PW (cf. Lee, 1995; Moreno, 1997 Schwindt, 2000). The comparison between BP and EP is treated in more details in the context of the relationship between the prosodic structure and the intonational structure, particularly with respect to the production of declarative sentences in a context of focus with a broad scope and focus with a contrastive narrow scope, and consists in highlighting aspects approaching and distancing the two Portuguese varieties, with respect to the application of phonological phenomena such as tonal distribution in the Intonational Phrase (I). We show that the main similarity between BP and EP is the position and the type of pitch accent associated with the nuclear position of declarative sentences produced in the context of broad focus, and the main difference lies in the tonal density, since in the BP there is a pitch accent on each PW in I, while in BP there is only one pitch accent associated with the initial and the final positions of I
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutora em Linguística
Rinaldi, Larissa Mary. "Procedimentos para a análise de vogais e obstruintes de fala infantil no português brasileiro". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269059.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta dissertação pretende criar uma base de dados de referência da fala infantil, para o estudo de vogais e obstruintes do Português Brasileiro (doravante PB). Os sujeitos têm de 5 a 7 anos de idade, sem história de patologias de fala. Para isso, desenvolveu-se uma ferramenta lúdica para a coleta da fala dos sujeitos. A metodologia é centrada em uma história infantil, intitulada "Deu a louca nos Contos de Fadas", e usa um jogo de percurso de tabuleiro para gerar a emissão de 57 palavras criadas para o instrumento. O total de palavras alvo é 36. Elas foram criadas pondo-se em correspondência cada obstruinte do PB (fricativas e oclusivas) com as vogais [a], [i] e [u]. A metodologia permite a coleta de todos os sons do PB na posição de ataque inicial e medial. Este estudo utilizou-o apenas para observar obstruintes e vogais em posição tônica inicial. Foram coletados dados de 9 crianças (5 meninas e 4 meninos) na fase final de aquisição da linguagem. Para as gravações, o pesquisador solicitou às crianças que dissessem as palavras alvo inseridas em uma frase veículo que se mantinha dentro do tema lúdico. A frase foi "Digo ____ volte atrás". Essa dizia respeito a desfazer uma suposta confusão gerada pelos protagonistas da história infantil. Era a frase "mágica". Apenas uma sessão de coleta de dados (para cada criança) foi suficiente para gravar todas as palavras-alvo. Em análise preliminar, notou-se que os parâmetros acústicos estáticos nem sempre eram capazes de descrever a variação e a dinâmica dos fenômenos da fala infantil. Por isso usamos dois tipos de análise: uma de parâmetros acústicos estáticos e uma de parâmetros acústicos dinâmicos, baseada em inspeção de forma de onda e espectrogramas. Para a análise estatística optou-se pelo Modelo Linear Geral (GLM) com uma Análise de Variância de Medidas Repetidas. O alpha foi estabelecido em 0,05. Como resultado das análises de parâmetros acústicos de vogais obtivemos que F1 diferenciou [a] de [i] e [u], F2 diferenciou as três vogais e F3 diferenciou [i] de [a] e [u]. As freqüências dos três formantes é mais alta do que o esperado para adultos. A análise dinâmica de forma de onda e espectrogramas parece indicar demora para a estabilização da trajetória formântica, especialmente em F2 para cerca de 9% dos casos. Como resultado das análises de parâmetros estáticos de consoantes fricativas, obtivemos que a assimetria e o centróide foram eficazes para diferenciar os três locais de constrição, o vozeamento e a interação entre local e vozeamento. A curtose não distinguiu as fricativas em nenhum parâmetro. A variância somente diferenciou local de constrição. A análise dinâmica parece indicar que ocorre desvozeamento parcial em fricativas vozeadas e vozeamento parcial em fricativas desvozeadas. Como resultado das análises de parâmetros estáticos de consoantes oclusivas, obtivemos que a assimetria e o centróide foram eficazes para diferenciar os três locais de constrição, o vozeamento e a interação entre local e vozeamento. A curtose e a variância foram eficazes para diferenciar os três locais de constrição e o vozeamento, porém não para sua associação. O VOT foi eficaz para diferenciar não somente vozeamento, mas também o local de constrição. A análise dinâmica indica que ocorre desvozeamento parcial em oclusivas vozeadas e vozeamento parcial em oclusivas desvozeadas. E que vogais infantis tem freqüências mais altas do que da adulta, porém seus espaços vocálicos são semelhantes. Esses fenômenos podem ser iluminados pela fonologia Gestual (Browman & Goldstein, 1992; Ball & Kent, 1997; Scobbie, 1998; Albano, 2001; Kent & Read , 2002; Shadle, 2006; Goldstein, Byrd & Saltzman 2006). Esperamos que essa abordagem possa trazer ainda mais luz à este trabalho
Abstract : This master's thesis study aims at creating a reference database for the study of vowels and obstruents in child speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth BP). The subjects are between 5 and 7 years old, with no history of speech disorders. Special tool was developed for data collection, centered on a child story named "Fairy Tales Go Crazy" with 57 words created for the instrument with all sounds of BP in initial and medial onset position. To prompt word utterance a board game was used. The total number of target words is only 36: total of words which were created by matching each BP obstruent (fricatives and plosives) with the vowels [a], [i] and [u]. The tool was used in this study to observe obstruents and vowels only in initial stressed position. The data was collected from 9 children (5 girls and 4 boys) in the final stages of language acquisition, selected as randomly as possible. Researcher asks each child to say the target words embedded in a carrier sentence. A preliminary analysis showed that acoustic phonetic parameters were not always sufficient to describe the variation and dynamics of the speech signal in child language. Therefore, we have used two types of analysis: a Static Acoustic Analysis and a Dynamic Acoustic Analysis. The static acoustic analysis made the following measurements: for vowels, relative duration (a percent obtained of segment absolute duration divided per word duration), absolute duration and the first three formants; for fricatives, relative and absolute duration and the four spectral moments (Jongman, 2000). The fricative spectral moments were measured at their center in a 40 millisecond window; for plosives, relative and absolute duration, voice onset time (VOT) and the burst spectral moments (Forrest et al., 1988). Statistical analysis was performed by a General Linear Model (GLM) with a Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance. Alpha was set at 0.05. For the vowels the dependent variables were the formants and the independent ones were the vowels. As expected, F1 was effective in differentiating the vowel [a] from [i] and [u], F2 was effective for differentiating the three vowels, F3 was effective only to differentiate the vowel [i] from [u] and [a]. For the fricatives the independent variables were the articulation places (lip-dental, alveolar or post-alveolar) associated with the voicing (voiced or devoiced) - total of six independent variables - and the dependent variables were the first four spectral moments. The skewness and centre of gravity were effective in differentiating the three places of articulation, and the association between the voicing and place. The kurtosis did not distinguish fricatives in any parameter. The standard deviation differed only place of articulation. For plosives the independent variables were places of articulation (bilabial, dental/alveolar and velar) associated with the voicing (voiced or devoiced) - total of six independent variables - and the dependent variables were the four spectral moments and VOT. The skewness and centre of gravity were effective in differentiating the three places of articulation, the voicing and the association between voicing and place. The kurtosis and variance were effective in differentiating the three places of articulation and voicing separately, but not for their association. As expected, the VOT could distinguish the voicing, but was also effective for differentiating the place of articulation as well as the association between voicing and point. The dynamic acoustic analysis showed that voiced plosives may devoice and devoiced plosives may voice. It showed that, often, normal children's strategies are similar to those with language pathologies described by Berti (2006), Freitas (2007) and Rodrigues (2007). We should note that none of these phenomena would seem strange to the adult listener, being auditorily imperceptible. In spite of deviating from adults in acoustic trajectories as seen on spectrograms, normal children seem to produce something which sounds close to what is expected by adults. These phenomena may be illuminated by Gestural Phonology (Browman & Goldstein, 1992; Ball & Kent, 1997; Scobbie, 1998; Albano, 2001; Kent & Read , 2002; Shadle, 2006; Goldstein, Byrd & Saltzman 2006). We hope this approach may shed further light on this work
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística
Fonte, Juliana Simões. "O sistema vocálico do português arcaico visto a partir das Cantigas de Santa Maria /". Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93868.
Texto completo da fonteBanca: Luciani Ester Tenani
Banca: José Sueli de Magalhães
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as qualidades vocálicas do português arcaico (PA), período trovadoresco, a partir da consideração das rimas e da grafia das Cantigas de Santa Maria (CSM) de Afonso X, remanescentes da segunda metade do século XIII. Esta pesquisa partiu de hipóteses levantadas por estudos anteriores sobre as qualidades fonológicas das vogais tônicas, pretônicas e átonas finais do PA. A metodologia empregada no estudo das vogais tônicas e átonas finais do PA baseia-se, neste trabalho, no mapeamento de todas as ocorrências dessas vogais nas rimas das CSM. Ao observar as possibilidades e impossibilidades de rima, no corpus analisado, esta pesquisa trouxe informações sobre a realização fônica das vogais portuguesas, em um momento passado da língua, que não possui registros orais. Para o estudo das vogais pretônicas do PA, foram considerados os casos de variação gráfica entre
Abstract: This work aims to study the vowel qualities in Medieval Portuguese (MP), through the observation of rhymes and writing in Alfonso X's Cantigas de Santa Maria, composed on the second half of the 13th century. First of all, this dissertation considered all information presented by previous researches concerning stressed, pretonic and unstressed word-final vowels, in MP. The study of stressed and unstressed word-final vowels, in this work, was based in the consideration of the rhymes in CSM. From the analyses of the possibilities and impossibilities of rhyme, in the corpus considered, it was possible to determine the phonetic realization of vowels in MP. Concerning pretonic vowel in MP, this dissertation analyzes the variation between
Mestre
Meireles, Alexsandro Rodrigues. "Reestruturações ritmicas da fala no portugues brasileiro". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269184.
Texto completo da fonteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta tese trata de reestruturações rítmicas da fala no português brasileiro ao se variar a taxa de elocução (speech rate). A reestruturação rítmica é considerada como uma reorganização entre grupos acentuais ao longo do enunciado ao se variar a taxa de elocução. A variação da taxa de elocução, por sua vez, é uma das maiores causas de modificação fonética, pois, perturbando a cadeia da fala dessa forma, pode-se avaliar as possibilidades de variação que revelariam novos padrões estáveis. A fim de explicarmos como a mudança da taxa de elocução pode modificar a estrutura rítmica da fala, dividimos a tese em três partes distintas. Na primeira parte apresentamos os fundamentos teóricos que serviram de guia para os experimentos realizados. Nessa parte introduzimos a principal motivação teórica de nossa tese, a aplicação da Teoria dos Sistemas Dinâmicos à linguagem. Os pressupostos teóricos desse programa estão presentes na Fonologia Articulatória (Browman & Goldstein, 1992) e no Modelo Dinâmico do Ritmo de Barbosa (2006), utilizados como suporte teórico dos nossos experimentos. Na segunda parte, após apresentarmos as noções básicas sobre o ritmo, relatamos um experimento acústico e um articulatório que revelam variações rítmicas nas frases estudadas com o aumento da taxa de elocução. Os principais resultados para o estudo acústico, em trechos que se reestruturaram ritmicamente, foram: a) o número de unidades VV (vogal-a-vogal) por grupo acentual aumenta proporcionalmente ao crescimento da taxa de elocução; b) a duração do grupo acentual tende a se manter constante com o aumento da taxa de elocução; c) o desvio-padrão da duração das unidades VV, bem como da duração dos grupos acentuais é menor nas taxas rápidas. Já o estudo articulatório, realizado com a utilização de um magnetômetro (EMMA), revela que a taxa de elocução tende a afetar todos os gestos dos enunciados de maneira uniforme, independentemente dos mesmos pertencerem a uma unidade VV em posição de acento frasal ou não. Na terceira parte, trabalhamos com variações rítmicas no item lexical. Especificamente estudamos a variação/mudança de proparoxítonas a paroxítonas com o aumento da taxa de elocução. Primeiramente, apresentamos aspectos históricos desta variação/mudança lexical, para, depois, apresentarmos uma análise à luz da Fonologia Articulatória. Para tanto, realizamos dois estudos: um acústico e um articulatório (EMMA). A principal conclusão para o estudo acústico foi de que a variação de proparoxítonas para formas paroxitonizadas é influenciada pela taxa de elocução, sendo que a probabilidade de encontrar formas consideradas como paroxítonas é maior nas taxas rápidas. No entanto, há fatores individuais/dialetais envolvidos, pois há falantes que nunca as produziram na taxa rápida. Já os estudos articulatórios serviram para corroborar os resultados acústicos, pois, o aumento de coarticulação entre as consoantes pós-tônicas com o crescimento da taxa de elocução explicaria a percepção de proparoxítonas como paroxítonas, sobretudo nas taxas mais rápidas. Concluindo, esta tese mostra que a explicação dinamicista de fenômenos lingüísticos de variação e mudança lingüística pode vir a conciliar aspectos fonéticos e fonológicos da linguagem. Especificamente, apresentamos aqui, como variações contínuas da fala, através do aumento da taxa de elocução, são capazes de modificar a estrutura rítmica da fala e atuar na variação/ mudança lingüística
Abstract: The present thesis deals with speech rhythmical restructurings due to speech rate variation in Brazilian Portuguese. Rhythmical restructuring is considered as a reorganization of stress groups along the utterance due to speech rate variation. Speech rate variation, on the other side, is one of the greatest causes of phonetic change, since this speech chain¿s perturbation makes possible to evaluate the possibilities of variation which would reveal new stable patterns. In order to explain how speech rate change modifies the rhythmic structure of speech, the thesis was split into three different parts. The first part presents the theoretical background on which our experiments were based upon. In this part, it is introduced the thesis¿ main theoretical motivation, the application of Dynamical Systems Theory to language. Its theoretical basis is found in the Articulatory Phonology (Browman & Goldstein, 1992) and the Dynamical Model of Rhythm (Barbosa, 2006). Both models are used as our experiments¿ theoretical basis. The second part, after presenting some basic notions about rhythm, presents an acoustical and an articulatory experiment which reveal rhythmic variations on sentences in which speech rate was varied. The acoustical study¿s main results in stretches with rhythmical restructurings are: a) the number of VV units (vowel-to-vowel) increases proportionally to speech rate increase; b) the stress group¿s duration tends to be constant with speech rate increase; c) the standard deviation of VV units¿ duration, as well as the stress groups¿ duration, is smaller at fast rates. On the other hand, the articulatory study, through the use of a magnetometer (EMMA), reveals that speech rate tends to affect all gestures in a utterance, independently of the VV unit phrasal position. The third part works with lexical rhythmic variation. Specifically, variation/ change from antepenultimate stress words to penultimate stress words is studied. Firstly, historical aspects of this lexical variation/change is presented, then, an analysis by the light of Articulatory Phonology is presented. In order to do so, two studies were made: an acoustical and an articulatory one (EMMA). The acoustical study¿s main conclusion is that antepenultimate stress words variation to penultimate stress words is influenced by speech rate. Higher probability of penultimate stress words forms is to be expected at fast rates. Nevertheless, there are individual/dialectal factors involved, since there are speakers who never produced such forms at fast rates. On the other hand, the articulatory studies were used to corroborate the previous acoustical results, for coarticulation increase between post-stress consonants with speech rate increase would explain the perception of antepenultimate stress words as penultimate stress words, especially at fast rates. Finally, this thesis shows how dynamical explanations of linguistic phenomena like linguistic change and variation may come to reconcile phonetic and phonological aspects of language. Specifically, it presents how speech continuous variations through speech rate increase are able to modify speech¿s rhythmic structure and take part in linguist change/variation
Doutorado
Doutor em Linguística
Tenani, Luciani Ester. "Dominios prosodicos no portugues do Brasil : implicações para a prosodia e para a aplicação de processos fonologicos". [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270935.
Texto completo da fonteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta tese trata da estrutura prosódica do Português Brasileiro e a compara com a estrutura do Português Europeu. Para realizar essa comparação, são consideradas evidências entoacionais, segmentais e rítmicas dos três domínios mais altos da hierarquia prosódica, a saber: a frase fonológica, a frase entoacional e o enunciado fonológico. No Português Brasileiro, não foram encontradas evidências segmentais mas apenas evidências entoacionais dos três domínios prosódicos investigados. Esse resultado difere do que é encontrado no Português Europeu que presenta evidências entoacionais da frase entoacional e evidências segmentais de ser esse um domínio prosódico composto. As evidências entoacionais dos domínios no Português Brasileiro apresentam o desafio de formalizar teoricamente o problema da manifestação fonética das variações de altura que expressam relações fonológicas as quais podem ocorrer entre os constituintes prosódicos em diferentes níveis da estrutura. A análise de contextos de bloqueio da degeminação e da elisão revelou que, nas duas variedades do Português, há restrições que atuam no domínio da frase fonológica de modo a bloquear a configuração de estruturas rítmicas mal formadas. Também se verifica um efeito de direcionalidade esquerda/direita, o qual decorre de uma restrição que preserva a proeminência do acento mais à direita da frase fonológica. As duas variedades estudadas diferem entre si nas estratégias disponíveis para a resolução do choque de acentos. A consideração dos resultados da aplicação dos processos de vozeamento da mcativa, tapping, haplologia, degeminação, elisão e ditongação embasou a reflexão sobre as possíveis relações entre processos fonológicos que afetam a estrutura silábica e a implementação de um padrão rítmico preferencial. Foram apontados indícios de que o Português Brasileiro seja mais predominantemente de ritmo silábico que o Português Europeu. Essas diferenças rítmicas decorrem, em certa medida, das diferenças na organização hierárquica dos domínios prosódicos. Desse modo, as evidências encontradas revelam como a estrutura prosódica acaba por gerar as semelhanças e as diferenças entre as duas variedades do Português
Abstract: This thesis deals with the prosodic structure of Brazilian Portuguese and with the comparison between Brazilians Portuguese's structure and European Portuguese's structute. In order to make a comparison between the two, we are considering intonational, segmental and rithmic evidences of prosodic, that are hierarchically superior to the phonological word. These domains are: phonological phrase, intonational phrase and phonological utterance. In Brazilian Portuguese, no segmental evidences was found; only intonational evidences on these three prosodic domains. This differs from European Portuguese which has both intonational and segmental evidences for intonational phrase as an important prosodic domain. The intonational evidences in Brazilian Portuguese challenge us with the issue of theoretically understanding the phonetic manifestations of pitch variations - which express phonological relations - that can happen between prosodic constituents at different structure levels. Some considerations were aiso made on the relationship between phonological processes and rhythm. These reflections were based on the results from occurring the following six processes: fricative voicing, tapping, syllable degemination, vowel merger, vowel deletion and semi-vocalization. There are indications that Brazilian Portuguese is more a syllable-timed language than. European Portuguese. We argue that these rhythmic differences are related to the prosodic hierarchic structural differences of each variety of Portuguese. The evidences found allow us to demonstrate how the prosodic structure is relevant in explaining the prosodic characteristics of Brazilian and European Portuguese
Doutorado
Doutor em Linguística
Rosignoli, Carolina Carbonari. "O padrão entoacional das sentenças interrogativas da variedade paulista do português brasileiro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-17102017-161943/.
Texto completo da fonteThis study aims to describe the intonational contour of global and partial, neutral and non-neutral interrogative sentences of the Paulista variety of Brazilian Portuguese (BP). We investigate the relation between tonal events assignment and the formation of prosodic domains. Our goal is to find intonational patterns that codigy pragmatic meaning of different clause types of BP interrogative sentences. Our hypothesis is that the total contour has a fundamental role in codifying pragmatic meaning, besides the nuclear contour. In our work, the corpora analyzed includes controlled speech data obtained in a reading task that exposed interrogative sentences along with context to elicit the production of interrogatives with different pragmatic meanings and semicontrolled speech data recorded in a map task. The description and the prosodic analysis of the intonational phrasing of the interrogative sentences of our corpora were developed according to an integrated view of the Autossegmental Metrical approach within the framework of Intonational Phonology (Pierrehumbert 1980; Pierrehumbert & Beckman 1988; Ladd 1996, 2008; Jun 2005/2014; entre outros) and the Prosodic Phonology framework (Selkirk 1984, 1986, 2000; Nespor & Vogel 1986, 2007). Our analysis take into account previous works developed in this same framework and applied to Portuguese (Frota & Vigário 2000; Tenani 2002; Fernandes 2007a, 2007b, Serra 2009, Toneli 2014; and, more specifically regarding interrogative sentences, Moraes 2008, Truckenbrodt, Sandalo & Abaurre 2009, Castelo 2011, 2016 e Frota et. al. 2015a). The results achieved through this investigation reveal that (i) in general, the nuclear contour of interrogative sentences of the Paulista variety of BP show a rising-falling pattern; (ii) the total contour plays an important role in conveying pragmatic meaning of questions; (iii) there are special prosodic characteristics assigned to the total contour that correspond to specific pragmatic meaning, such as: (a) focus and emphasis marking that varies depending on the pragmatic meaning associated with different phrase types; (b) downstep association to the nuclear contour in neutral interrogative sentences; (c) upstep association to the emphatic element in counter expectation sentences; (d) lower tessiture of the range of variation in the portion of the intonational contour corresponding to the first prosodic word and the nuclear contour in rhetoric questions; (e) differences in tonal density between neutral and non-neutral sentences; among other prosodic characteristics associated with specific pragmatic meaning. These results confirm lead us to achieve our objectives and confirm our main hypothesis.
Coêlho, Matheus Almeida. "O comportamento prosódico de siglas, nomes próprios e compostos no português brasileiro: evidências para o grupo de palavras prosódicas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-12032019-112722/.
Texto completo da fonteIn this study, we investigate the hypothesis that phonological phenomena that occur with certain morphosyntactic elements, such as compound words, proper names and acronyms, in Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth, PB) give evidence to the proposition of the prosodic domain denominated Prosodic Word Group (PWG [Vigário, 2007, 2010]), which, within the prosodic hierarchy, is located between the Prosodic Word (PWd) and the Phonological Phrase (PPh). This same level has been called Clitic Group (C) (Nespor & Vogel, 1986, 2007; Hayes, 1989) and described as the domain which includes the compound words and the stressed lexical words eventually accompanied by clitics. However, there is not consensus as to if the association of clitics to stressed lexical words really implies the existence of a distinct prosodic level, as this kind of association can vary: in many languages the association of clitics has already been observed to levels above and below the PWd. It is also important to say that PWds and stressed lexical words accompanied by clitics are not the only morphosyntactic elements in PB whose prosodic domain in which they are mapped is the level of the prosodic hierarchy located between the PWd and the PPh. For our investigation, we analyzed a corpus of PB with the objective of determining how the prosodization of these elements in PWGs differs or resembles the prosodization of PWds and PPhs. With this objective, we have looked for contrasts between the prosodization of elements which hypothetically have the PWG as domain and the prosodization of elements which hypothetically have the PPh as domain. Moreover, we have looked for contrasts between the behavior of branching PPhs and PWGs in context of contrastive focus. As to the contrastive focus in PWG, we have observed that, both in branching PPhs, compound words and proper names, there seems to be no possibility of occurrence of phonological prominence of focus in a PWd different from the PWd that is the nucleus of the focalization. For acronyms, there is this possibility, despite the fact that this phenomenon is not frequent. As to the role of the PWG stress in blocking the phenomenon external vowel sandhi (SVE) in different prosodic structures, we have not observed systematically distinct behaviors between branching PWGs and PPhs with the same number of PWds in analogous phrasal structures. On the other hand, we have observed that the PWG stress does influence the occurrence of SVE even when it does not coincide with the PPh stress. Therefore, according to the results that we have obtained, the PWG seems relevant to the prosodic description of PB.
Amaral, Tauanne Tainá [UNESP]. "A prosodização de pronomes oblíquos no português arcaico". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151046.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Esta tese objetiva estudar o direcionamento da adjunção de clíticos fonológicos no Português Arcaico (PA) a partir das cantigas galego-portuguesas: as cantigas religiosas (Cantigas de Santa Maria, de Afonso X, o rei Sábio) e as cantigas profanas (cantigas de amor, de amigo, de escárnio e maldizer). Através do levantamento e da análise comparativa da cliticização sintática e fonológica dos pronomes oblíquos presentes nesse corpus, chegamos à determinação da cliticização destes elementos e a pistas da formação de constituintes prosódicos maiores, especificamente o constituinte prosódico intermediário, localizado entre a Palavra Fonológica e o Sintagma Fonológico. Partindo do mapeamento das ocorrências de pronomes oblíquos presentes nas cento e cinquenta primeiras Cantigas de Santa Maria e em cento e cinquenta cantigas profanas (50 cantigas de amor, 50 cantigas de amigo e 50 cantigas de escárnio e maldizer), argumentamos a favor da possibilidade de se considerar a existência de um constituinte intermediário como um nível hierárquico importante dentro da estrutura prosódica do Português Arcaico. Para comprovar tal possibilidade, analisamos três tipos de evidências: as pistas que vêm do fenômeno de interpolação, as pistas que vêm da consideração de estruturas prosódicas inseparáveis e as pistas que vêm do processo de elisão. A interpolação nos sugere um caráter distinto no comportamento dos pronomes do ponto de vista fonológico, uma vez que, quando temos material entre o clítico e o verbo, não é possível considerar que a palavra hospedeira fonológica do pronome clítico seja o verbo. Assim como Guzzo (2015) mostra para o Português Brasileiro, verificamos que no Português Arcaico há determinadas estruturas inseparáveis que devem ser prosodizadas no Grupo Composto (VOGEL 2008, 2009, 2010). Em relação à elisão, levando em consideração os trabalhos de Massini-Cagliari (2005, 2015) e Cangemi (2014), demonstramos que os pronomes clíticos estão sujeitos a esse processo. Como se trata de um fenômeno que ocorre apenas em fronteira de palavra, ou seja, entre duas palavras fonológicas, acreditamos que o pronome oblíquo tem um comportamento semelhante. Porém, como os clíticos não podem ser considerados palavras fonológicas, uma vez que são átonos e precisam de uma palavra hospedeira tônica para se subordinarem, propomos a admissão da existência de um domínio prosódico localizado entre a palavra fonológica (PWd) e o sintagma fonológico (PPh), no caso o grupo composto (CG), que possa dar conta da prosodização de estruturas contendo clíticos. Por meio destes argumentos, verificamos que nossos dados confirmam a hipótese de se considerar esse constituinte intermediário, localizado entre a PWd e o PPh, dentro da escala prosódica do Português Arcaico.
This thesis aims to study the adjunction direction of phonological clitics in Archaic Portuguese (AP) from the Galician-Portuguese cantigas (a genre of poetry): the religious cantigas (Cantigas de Santa Maria, by Afonso X, the Wise King) and the secular cantigas (love songs [cantigas de amor], friend songs [cantigas de amigo], and satirical songs [cantigas de escárnio e maldizer]). Through the survey and the comparative analysis of the syntactic and phonological cliticization of the unstressed pronouns present in the corpus, we could determine the direction of cliticization of these elements and identify clues of major prosodic constituents formation, specifically the intermediate prosodic constituent, located between the Phonological Word and the Phonological Phrase. Departing from the mapping of the occurrences of unstressed pronouns present in the first 150 Cantigas de Santa Maria and in 150 secular cantigas (50 cantigas de amor, 50 cantigas de amigo and 50 cantigas de escárnio e maldizer), we argue in favor of considering the existence of an intermediate constituent as an important hierarchical level within the prosodic hierarchy of Archaic Portuguese. To prove this possibility, we analyzed three types of evidence: the clues that come from the phenomenon of interpolation, the clues that come from the consideration of inseparable prosodic structures and the clues that come from the process of elision. The iterpolation suggests us a distinct character in the behavior of phonological pronouns, once there can occur between the clitic and the verb, it is not possible to consider that the phonological host word of the clitic pronoun is the verb. As Guzzo (2015) shows for Brazilian Portuguese, in Archaic Portuguese there are certain inseparable structures that must be prosodized in the Compound Group (VOGEL 2008, 2009, 2010). Regarding elision, taking into account the work of Massini-Cagliari (2005, 2015) and Cangemi (2014), we have demonstrated that clitic pronouns are subject to this process. Since this is a phenomenon that occurs only in word border, i.e. between two phonological words, we believe that the unstressed pronoun has a similar behavior. However, as clitics cannot be considered phonological words, since they are unstressed and need a tonic host word to subordinate themselves, we propose the admission of the existence of a prosodic domain located between the phonological word (PWd) and the phonological phrase (PPh), in this case the Compound Group (CG), which can account for the prosodization of structures containing clitics. By means of these arguments, we verified that our data confirm the hypothesis of considering this intermediate constituent, located between the PWd and the PPh, within the prosodic hierarchy of Archaic Portuguese (AP).
Fonte, Juliana Simões [UNESP]. "O sistema vocálico do português arcaico visto a partir das Cantigas de Santa Maria". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93868.
Texto completo da fonteCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as qualidades vocálicas do português arcaico (PA), período trovadoresco, a partir da consideração das rimas e da grafia das Cantigas de Santa Maria (CSM) de Afonso X, remanescentes da segunda metade do século XIII. Esta pesquisa partiu de hipóteses levantadas por estudos anteriores sobre as qualidades fonológicas das vogais tônicas, pretônicas e átonas finais do PA. A metodologia empregada no estudo das vogais tônicas e átonas finais do PA baseia-se, neste trabalho, no mapeamento de todas as ocorrências dessas vogais nas rimas das CSM. Ao observar as possibilidades e impossibilidades de rima, no corpus analisado, esta pesquisa trouxe informações sobre a realização fônica das vogais portuguesas, em um momento passado da língua, que não possui registros orais. Para o estudo das vogais pretônicas do PA, foram considerados os casos de variação gráfica entre
This work aims to study the vowel qualities in Medieval Portuguese (MP), through the observation of rhymes and writing in Alfonso X’s Cantigas de Santa Maria, composed on the second half of the 13th century. First of all, this dissertation considered all information presented by previous researches concerning stressed, pretonic and unstressed word-final vowels, in MP. The study of stressed and unstressed word-final vowels, in this work, was based in the consideration of the rhymes in CSM. From the analyses of the possibilities and impossibilities of rhyme, in the corpus considered, it was possible to determine the phonetic realization of vowels in MP. Concerning pretonic vowel in MP, this dissertation analyzes the variation between
Pozzani, Denise 1981. "Gradientes alofônicos de oclusivas alveolares do português brasileiro em uma situação de contato dialetal". [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270640.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa descreve aspectos gradientes de uma alofonia do português brasileiro (PB); trata-se da palatalização das oclusivas alveolares /t/ e /d/, que diante de /i/ passam a ser produzida preferencialmente como /t/ e /d/. As chamadas africadas ocorrem categoricamente em certos dialetos do PB, mas em outros estão em processo de implementação, já que são tidas como uma variedade de prestígio. São consideradas sons que apresentam certa instabilidade em suas fronteiras, além de uma estrutura temporal complexa. Sendo assim, a meta é descrever as nuances dos processos fonéticos das africadas em um grupo de falantes de Jundiaí-SP que passa pelo processo da variação, pelo fato de viajarem, diariamente, para Campinas-SP. Segundo estudos de Leite (2004, 2010), o falar da população de Campinas é considerado menos estigmatizado, e mais "intermediário" em relação ao dialeto da capital do que o modo de falar apresentado na maioria das cidades do interior de São Paulo. A partir da análise da fala de cinco estudantes do sexo masculino, verificou-se que a variação não é categórica ou irreversível, apresentando aspectos gradientes. As gravações foram feitas a partir da leitura, em diferentes taxas de elocução, de um conjunto de textos com palavras que apresentavam as oclusivas alveolares diante da vogal anterior. Além disso, também foram gravadas amostras de palavras em uma tarefa de repetição, em que controlamos as seguintes variáveis: freqüência de ocorrência na língua e posição silábica da consoante estudada. Para a análise, foram computadas as medidas de momentos espectrais (Forrest et. al. 1988). A partir da comparação dos momentos espectrais das africadas com os momentos espectrais de um conjunto de fricativas alveolares e pós-alveolares dos próprios sujeitos, estabeleceu-se, em um estudo transversal, o local de articulação das primeiras e a instabilidade das produções do grupo dos cinco sujeitos. A metodologia estatística utilizada foi a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas, seguida do teste post-hoc de Tukey, para discriminação das diferenças de local. Pelas análises estatísticas do conjunto de dados, pôde-se observar como cada parâmetro espectral se comporta e, assim, entender a mudança de lugar de articulação. Realizou-se também uma análise longitudinal com dois dos sujeitos, ao longo de um ano. Neste caso, a estatística descritiva de três coletas de dados mostrou que os dois sujeitos observados podem estar em estágios diferentes da implantação e que as estratégias de "reparar" a própria fala podem ser mais ou menos consistentes. Também foi possível verificar, pela análise da mudança de taxa de elocução, que, num caso, há mais controle do uso da variável inovadora na leitura normal do que na rápida. Para complementar as análises fonéticas, também foram feitas entrevistas com os sujeitos, a fim de verificar suas atitudes em relação ao próprio dialeto. Os resultados que investigaram a frequência de ocorrência não foram significativos e aqueles que investigaram posição tônica mostraram apenas alguns resultados com significância estatística. A Fonologia Gestual (Browman e Goldstein, 1992, 1995; Goldstein e Fowler, 2003) mostra-se adequada à descrição e ao modelamento de processos gradientes como este, porque suas postulações teóricas dão especial importância à dinâmica dos processos fonológicos. Além disso, incorporam com sucesso os fatores tempo e magnitude, diretamente relacionados à idéia de movimento dos articuladores
Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate palatalization of alveolar stops before [i] in a Brazilian Portuguese dialect, namely, that spoken in Jundiaí, a town in the state of São Paulo. Affricates occur in many dialects of Brazilian Portuguese as allophonic variation in such a context, while in others dialects alveolar stops are undergoing change towards them, as they are considered a prestige variety. Affricates present some instability in their borders, and a complex temporal structure. Thus, our goal is to describe phonetic detail in the affrication process, in a group of speakers who are implementing such a linguistic change, due to daily travels to Campinas. Studies by Leite (2004, 2010) show the dialect spoken in Campinas is considered less stigmatized and more "intermediate" than others from the same state. Encouraged by these results, we conducted five case studies with speakers from Jundiaí. Preliminary data of this five male students showed that affricates have continuous characteristics between alveolar stops and their post-alveolar counterparts. First recordings were made in a reading task. At different speech rates, subjects read a set of texts with words that had alveolar stops before the front high vowel. In addition, samples were also recorded in a word repetition task, with the following controlled variables: word frequency of occurrence in the language and syllabic stress. We measured spectral moments (FORREST et. al. 1988) and compared those measures to the spectral moments of a set of alveolar and post-alveolar fricatives. Conservative speakers were expected to prefer the alveolar productions, and less conservative ones were expected to prefer either post-alveolar or an intermediate production. The analyses were divided as follows. At first, we conducted a cross-sectional study, in witch we compared fricatives and affricates articulation of the five subjects using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, followed by post-hoc test Tukey for discrimination of articulation place. Statistical analysis showed the behavior of each spectral parameter. Secondly, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of two subjects over a year. Descriptive statistics of spectral moments of three data session showed their speech at different stages, using different "repair" strategies; it also showed sufficient variation so as to indicate instability in affricate implementation. It also was observed, by changes in speaking rate, which subject were more consistent in the uses of innovation. To complement the phonetic analysis, interviews were conducted, in order to gather some of their attitudes toward their own dialect. Gestural Phonology (BROWMAN & GOLDSTEIN, 1992, 1995, GOLDSTEIN & FOWLER, 2003) has proven to be adequate for describing and modeling the gradient processes involved this variation. Since its theoretical postulates capture the dynamics of speech production over small stretches of time, we hope they also help illuminate the dynamics of language change
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Cardoso, João Henrique da Costa. "A nativização de termos de informática do inglês no português brasileiro: uma análise fonológica". Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2005. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/471.
Texto completo da fonteEste trabalho trata da questão da interferência que o sistema fonológico de uma língua nativa causa no desempenho de termos de uma língua estrangeira que foram nativizados. Procura observar, especificamente, a interferência do sistema de sons do Português (L1) no desempenho, por falantes nativos, de termos do Inglês (L2) recortados do vocabulário técnico de informática. Para a realização do estudo contrastivo entre as duas línguas foram utilizados os métodos da Análise Contrastiva (Contrastive Analysis CA), e para a análise dos fatos observados levou-se em conta os pressupostos da fonologia gerativa para explicar as diferenças entre os inventários fonológicos das duas línguas e os pressupostos da fonologia métrica para explicar os fenômenos referentes à sílaba. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a interferência se dá pelo fato de os inventários das duas línguas serem diferentes e por elas possuírem diferentes padrões silábicos. Como conclusão, são apresentadas algumas regras que têm a intenção de formalizar os principais modelos de nativização do Inglês para o Português.
Silva, Carmen Lucianna Miranda e. "Fala espontânea e leitura oral no português do Brasil: comparação por meio de análise acústica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-24112009-132532/.
Texto completo da fonteSpontaneous speech, also known as spontaneous speech constitutes the investigation of research in the fields of Phonetics and Phonology. The relevant research in the field has been published in the Journal of the International Phonetic Association (JIPA) and is reference of our research. The main objective of this study is to investigate the phonetic acoustic aspects of Brazilian Portuguese speech and to compare it to oral reading. The major challenge of this study is the lack of research related to the spontaneous speech in Brazilian Portuguese language. Our hypothesizes are based on the works of some authors who have studied the spontaneous speech in different languages. Barry, Andreeva and Shriberg (2001) and developed some definitions of spontaneous speech. According to these authors, spontaneous speech is much different than oral reading because it is unprepared and unrehearsed. Spontaneous speech typically results in a longer discourse duration and has a greater occurrence of disfluency than oral reading. Barry and Andreeva(2001), also studied the prosody changes, since the function of words is different in each of these speech modalities. From these studies is born the specific objective of this research; to examine the aspects studied in the research above as it relates to Brazilian Portuguese and to characterize each speech modality (spontaneous speech and oral reading) through the identification of possible similarities or possible differences in the following aspects: duration of the sentences, pauses (duration and number of occurrences), fundamental frequencies (F0 initial and F0 final and F0 maximum and F0 minimum) and Voice Onset Time (VOT) measurements of unvoiced occlusive consonants. The collection of spontaneous speech and oral reading samples was carried out through the observation of methods suggested by Local and Walker (2005) and the application of semi-directed proofs, through the record of nearly spontaneous dialogs, observed by Nicolaidis (2001), Andreeva and Barry(2001) in their research on spontaneous speech. The corpus was conducted with the participation of four men all 36 years old. The criteria used to select the subjects were that they be male individuals; Brazilian, monolingual, Portuguese speakers; graduation (complete or incomplete); good readers; amateur speakers; have no speech or voice alteration and non drug users. The study consists of the valuation of 48 sentences in total. Twelve sentences from each individual consisting of six spontaneous sentences and six oral readings of the same texts. In conjunction with these data Voice Onset Time measurements - Vot, were carried out in measurements of 60 unvoiced occlusive consonants, 10 of each kind of occlusive (velar, alveolar, and bilabial) along with measurements in the spontaneous modality and reading versions. The occlusive consonants analyzed were obtained from the selected sentences and also obtained in an aleatory way from another sentences of the discourse. The program used to record and acoustic measurements was Winpitch Prow 1.0. The results show some particularities of each kind of speech. It is striking we obtained significant the results aspects : pauses bigger (duration and number of occurrences) in the spontaneous speech, F0 initial increase than F0 final of the oral reading; F0 final increase in spontaneous speech and VOT measurements of longer duration than occurred in the oral readings.
Pedrosa, Juliene Lopes Ribeiro. "Análise do /s/ pós-vocálico no português brasileiro: coda ou onset com núcleo foneticamente vazio?" Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2009. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6484.
Texto completo da fonteCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
There has been a lot of discussion about the post-vocalic /s/ and its variable behavior in Brazilian Portugueses, as in Brescancini Brescancini (2002); Callou, Leite, Moraes (2002); Hora (2003); Ribeiro (2006); among others. All of them agree that /s/ occupies the coda position, alternating alveolar (ca[s]ca, me[z]mo, feli[s]), palatal (po[]te, de[]de, mai[]) and glotal (de[h]de, me[h]mo, mai[h]) realizations, and also deletion (me[]mo, mai[]), when the syllabic pattern turns into the less marked one (CV). Although this conception is widespread within the phonological theory, we believe that the particular status the coronal fricative possesses in relation to liquids and nasals (those licensed to occupy the coda position in Brazilian Portuguese) is a fact that deserves to be observed more carefully and one that can lead to another way of analysis. According to Harris & Gussmann (1998) and Ewen & Hulst (2001), some syllables can be formed by onset with a phonetically non-filled nucleus. Accordingly, these syllables satisfy the less marked pattern (CV) in underlying representation, but they do not show, in some cases, the phonetic representation in the surface. The fricatives would be prone to sustain the syllable weigh, since they have more frequency in duration in their production, and as such they do not need, in theory, the phonetic realization of their nuclei. These arguments make us, therefore, propose another classification of the post-vocalic /s/, considering it onset of a phonetically empty nucleus, that, in some dialects, is realized in final position ([fajzi], [majzi]). Therefore, our aim is to analyze the post-vocalic /s/ in Brazilian Portuguese, with the variationist results from Brescancini (2002); Callou, Leite, Moraes (2002); Hora (2003) and Ribeiro (2006), in order to highlight its variable pattern and to propose a ranking for Brazilian Portuguese, using, for such, the Optimality Theory (OT) in Coetzee‟s perspective. In this proposal, the evaluator (EVAL) realizes a harmonic ranking for the set of candidates, in a way that the losers are also ranked, that is, both the constraints and the candidates are ranked. In this way, it is possible to work with non-categorical phenomena, as such related to variation, and to produce a proficuous link between the Sociolinguistic Research and Optimality Theory.
Muito já se discutiu sobre o /s/ pós-vocálico e seu comportamento variável no português brasileiro, a exemplo dos trabalhos de Brescancini (2002); Callou, Leite, Moraes (2002); Hora (2003); Ribeiro (2006); dentre outros. Em todos eles, é consenso que o /s/ pós-vocálico ocupa a posição de coda, alternando-se entre as realizações alveolar (ca[s]ca, me[z]mo, feli[s]), palatal (po[]te, de[]de, mai[]) e glotal (de[h]de, me[h]mo, mai[h]), podendo, ainda, sofrer apagamento (me[]mo, mai[]), encaixando-se, dessa forma, no padrão silábico menos marcado (CV). Embora essa concepção seja bastante difundida na teoria fonológica, acreditamos que o perfil diferenciado que a fricativa coronal pós-vocálica possui em relação às líquidas e às nasais, consoantes licenciadas a ocupar a posição de coda no português brasileiro (PB), seja um fato que merece ser observado com mais cuidado e que pode levar a outro caminho de análise. Segundo Harris e Gussmann (1998) e Ewen e Hulst (2001), algumas sílabas podem ser formadas por onset com núcleo foneticamente não preenchido. De acordo com o proposto, essas sílabas satisfazem o padrão menos marcado (CV) na subjacência, mas não apresentam, em alguns casos, a representação fonética na superfície. As fricativas, por possuírem uma maior freqüência de duração em sua produção, seriam uma das consoantes mais propícias para sustentarem o peso da sílaba, não necessitando, em tese, da realização fonética de seu núcleo. Esses argumentos nos fazem, portanto, propor outra classificação do /s/ pós-vocálico, considerando-o onset de núcleo foneticamente vazio que, em alguns dialetos, chega a se realizar na posição final ([fajzi], [majzi]). Diante desse fato, é nosso objetivo analisar o /s/ pós-vocálico no PB, através dos resultados variacionistas de Brescancini (2002); Callou, Leite, Moraes (2002); Hora (2003) e Ribeiro (2006), a fim de salientar o seu padrão variável e propor uma hierarquização para o PB, utilizando, para tanto, a Teoria da Otimalidade (TO) na perspectiva de Coetzee (2004). Nessa proposta, o avaliador (EVAL) realiza um ordenamento harmônico para o conjunto completo dos candidatos, de forma que os perdedores também são ordenados entre si, ou seja, tanto as restrições são hierarquizadas como os candidatos analisados como variantes são ordenados. Dessa forma é possível trabalhar com fenômenos não-categóricos, a exemplo dos relacionados à variação, e efetivar um casamento profícuo entre a Pesquisa Sociolingüística e a Teoria da Otimalidade.
Hahn, Laura Helena. "A realização da lateral /L/ no inglês por falantes do português brasileiro". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27504.
Texto completo da fonteWhereas Brazilian Portuguese /l/ is usually vocalized in coda, our study investigated whether there was transfer in the acquisition of the lateral phoneme /l/ in English as a second language by Brazilian speakers. Aiming that, we collected our data with 25 students of the discipline of English VIII in the undergraduate course of Languages in the Instituto de Letras in UFRGS, who had their English level classified according to the Oxford Placement Test. Our literature review on foreign language acquisition has allowed us to observe that considering each and every change that occurs in the speech of a second language learner as a transfer result of the speaker’s native language (L1) is a mistake. Acquisition theories and previous works in this field have noted that, besides the transfer, other factors can influence these variations, for instance, interlinguistic development processes and interlinguistic grammar. In our corpus were considered productions of /l/ in coda and nucleus syllable position in target-forms drawn from a text reading, an instrument specially developed for this research. After analyzing our data auditorily, using the program Praat, and statistically, using the program Goldvarb X, the results obtained showed that the vocalization of /l/ occurred in 49.2% of the cases. This result indicates a different behavior of the informants in the second language from that in their mother tongue. We did several data runs, although in none of them the linguistic variables considered (preceding and following phonological contexts) were selected. Were selected, however, the social variables (gender, English level and informant). Our results seem to indicate that there is an interlinguistic development process operating in the acquisition of English /l/ as a second language by the informants of this research.