Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Pharmacodynamiques"
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DECKERT, FABIENNE. "Strategies d'identification de marqueurs pharmacodynamiques de l'immunosuppression". Paris 12, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA120032.
Texto completo da fonteDelon, Annie. "Contributions pharmacocinetiques-pharmacodynamiques à l'activite convulsisante des fluoroquinolones". Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT1802.
Texto completo da fonteDupuis, Antoine. "Contributions pharmacocinétiques-pharmacodynamiques à l'activité convulsivante des carbapénèmes". Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT1803.
Texto completo da fonteMoatti, Cécile. "Interactions pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques entre tabac et psychotropes : conséquences en neuropsychiatrie". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P132.
Texto completo da fonteMarquer, Claude. "Propriétés pharmacodynamiques et pharmacocinétiques du moxisylyte et utilisation thérapeutique dans les dysfonctionnements érectiles". Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON13518.
Texto completo da fontePOTIE, FREDERIC. "Proprietes pharmacodynamiques des morphinomimetiques (sufentanil, fentanyl, alfentanil) utilises chez le traumatise cranien grave". Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20804.
Texto completo da fonteBucher, Christian. "Bases pharmacodynamiques de l'emploi de la clonidine dans le sevrage des stupefiants morphiniques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M128.
Texto completo da fonteNoceti, penza Ofelia. "Etude des relations pharmacodynamiques, pharmacogénétiques et pharmacocinétiques des immunosuppresseurs anticalcineurines chez les transplantés hépatiques". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0023/document.
Texto completo da fonteCalcineurin inhibitors (CNI) are the immunosuppressants most employed in solid organ transplantation, despite their toxicity and suboptimal efficacy. Their effects show huge intra and inter-individual variability, not explained by differences in drug doses, concentrations or areas under the concentration -time curve, limiting the benefits of therapeutic drug monitoring and pointing that other factors contribute to response variability. No single biomarker currently available meets all the ideal requirements, i.e. non-invasiveness, reliability, sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and short turnaround time. To search for suitable PD biomarkers, i.e., with high specificity for calcineurin inhibition and most affected by inter-individual variability ,our works aimed at exploring the pharmacodynamics(PD) of CNI, the strength and variability of signal translation along the calcineurin pathway, as well as the steps where sources of internal (genetic) or external variability are the most influential .Our main results in healthy volunteers’ PBMC ex vivo showed : that the inhibition of NFAT1 in PBMC nuclei and of IL-2 and CD25 expression in different subsets of T lymphocytes followed I/Imax models; that IL-2 and CD25 responses to NFAT inhibition fitted and allosteric sigmoid model; and that several polymorphisms in genes involved in CNI PD participated in the inter-individual variability of these biomarkers. In patients on the waiting list of liver transplantation we were able: to measure CNI PD biomarkers before as well as after ex-vivo stimulation; to report PG/PD relationships, as well as PD/PD interactions within the pathway. In liver transplant recipients, those on cyclosporine showed more inter -individual PD variability than those on tacrolimus and different regulations within the pathway. In summary, IL-2 and CD25 in CD8+ T cells and CD25 in CD4+ T cells may be reliable biomarkers of CNI activity, with the largest inter-individual variability. Moreover , clinical cases suggest that NFAT1 levels in PBMC nuclei might help to anticipate infection episodes, while Tregs diminution and high levels of IL-2 expression in CD8+ T cells might predict acute cellular rejection
Samer, Caroline F. "Impact des cytochromes P450 2D6 et 3A sur les paramètres pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques de l'oxycodone /". Genève : Ed. Médecine et hygiène, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000253454.
Texto completo da fontePierrillas, Philippe. "Optimisation du développement clinique de nouveaux anticancéreux par modélisation de données pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques précliniques". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1047.
Texto completo da fonteImprovement of drug development is a very challenging question and even more in the field of oncology wherein the need for new medicines is crucial. In addition, the rate of approval for anticancer drugs after entry in phase I clinical trial was reported as one of the lowest of all therapeutic areas. Thereby, this process has to be improved, and the use of new approaches fulfilling the gap between preclinical and clinical settings by anticipating human pharmacokinetics and efficacy could be an interesting solution.The work is focused on the building of strategies based on mathematical modeling of in vivo and in vitro preclinical data to anticipate the behavior of a new bcl-2 inhibitor developed by Servier laboratories in human to support clinical development. This project was elaborated following different steps:Firstly, a semi-mechanistic relationship was established in mice to describe the mechanism of action of the compound.PK extrapolation strategy using PBPK modeling was performed to anticipate human concentration-time profiles.PD extrapolation strategies based on different assumptions were proposed to predict human efficacy and doses to be tested in clinical trial.Predictions obtained were consequently compared to clinical results from a First in Human study confirming the usefulness of such approaches and the superiority of mechanism-based strategies compared to more empirical approaches.Therefore, this project highlights the large interest of elaborating interspecies translational approaches during drug development and could promote their use to accelerate new entities development, decreasing the risks of failure and financial costs
Sanders, Pascal. "Apport des études pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques en antibiothérapie vétérinaire : étude d'une formulation de spiramycine chez les bovins". Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT015A.
Texto completo da fonteGicquel, Mireille. "Relations pharmacocinetiques pharmacodynamiques des antibiotiques : developpement d'un modele d'etude des quinolones chez le porc (doctorat : pharmacologie experimentale)". Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT19VS.
Texto completo da fonteChenel, Marylore. "Modélisations des relations pharmacocinétiques-pharmacodynamiques de l'effet convulsivant de la norfloxacine et étude de sa distribution centrale". Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P642.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this work was to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) factors responsible for norfloxacin (NOR) convulsant activity in rats. A PK/PD model was developed using total power of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal as convulsant PD surrogate. An important time-delay was observed between NOR PK in plasma and the kinetics of effect. Then EEG recording with PK/PD analysis conducted simultaneously with intracerebral microdialysis (IC MD) showed that NOR-induced seizures are not triggered by enhanced levels of IC glutamate. A 3rd study used MD to test the linearity of NOR CNS distribution, and showed that although plasma PK was non linear (25-150 mg/kg), its limited IC distribution was linear. A 4th study using simultaneously IC MD and EEG recording with PK/PD modeling, was conducted to investigate the contribution of NOR blood-brain barrier transport to its delayed EEG effect. Although NOR IC distribution was limited, brain extracellular fluid concentrations peaked very early which could not explain the delayed EEG effect. In a last study, a physiologically-based PK model is being developed in order to explain NOR non-linear plasma PK. In conclusion an innovative experimental approach using IC MD and PK/PD modeling has proved usefulness to better characterise the convulsant activity of NOR in rats
Jacobs, Matthieu. "Développement de modèles pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques pour l'optimisation du traitement des infections à bactéries à gram négatif multi-résistantes". Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT1801/document.
Texto completo da fonteAntibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs, however optimal dosages are not yet well defined. The aim of this thesis was to develop pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) models that characterize the course of antimicrobial drug concentrations and effects over time, with an emphasis on the development of resistance. These models were applied to optimize dosing regimens of antimicrobial therapies.A population PK model for colistin and its prodrug, colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) was developed in critically ill patients receiving colistin by nebulization and/or undergoing an intermittent hemodialysis (HD). Results predicted clear benefits of using aerosol delivery of 2MIU CMS dose for the treatment of pulmonary infections. For patients with HD session dosing regimen of CMS should be 1.5 MIU twice daily with an additional dose of 1.5 MIU after each HD session.An assessment of the performances of different PK-PD models by using a simulation approach have shown the importance of longer study designs and of complementary microbiological data to predict accurately bacterial resistance development. A semi-mechanistic PK/PD model that incorporates mutation rate and adaptive resistance development of a bioluminescent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against colistin was developed based on in-vitro data. A high, quick and partially reversible resistance was described. These results confirm that the first 24 h of treatment are critical in the management of infections, that colistin alone cannot eradicate completely the mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were selected during the experiments and that combination therapies seem necessary
Fantin, Bruno. "Methodes d'etude des proprietes pharmacodynamiques des aminoglycosides in vivo : consequences sur le rythme d'administration dans differents modeles d'infection experimentale". Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077243.
Texto completo da fonteMoulin, Paccaly Anne J. "Approches pharmacocinétiques/pharmacodynamiques appliquées au développement d'un nouvel inhibiteur direct du facteur Xa pour le traitement de la thrombose artérielle". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05P630.
Texto completo da fonteOtamixaban, is a novel direct FXa inhibitor for the treatment of arterial thrombosis. This clinical pharmacology work aims the study of the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of otamixaban as well as the development of modeling and simulations (M&S) to support the Phase II/III studies using data in healthy subjects and in chronic coronary patients. A “fingerprint of PK/PD markers for anticoagulant effect” was generated, including the measurements of anti-FXa activity, of clotting times (aPTT, PT, dPT, RVVT et HCT) and of the inhibition of thrombin generation. The non-dose proportional pharmacokinetics of otamixaban was investigated and built into the pharmacokinetic models. The lack of a major gender and age effect on the PK and PD parameters was demonstrated. Finally, the absence of any drug-drug interactions and the complementarities of the anticoagulant effect of OTAM and of the anti-platelet effects of modifiers of the platelet function has been reported for tirofiban and acetyl salicylic acid
Messan, Folly. "Etude du bronchospasme induit par l'exercice chez des cyclistes professionnels en climat continental et chez des basketteurs amateurs en climat équatorial". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268051.
Texto completo da fonteGoutelle, Sylvain. "Construction d’un modèle thérapeutique mathématique de la tuberculose pulmonaire : aspects pharmacocinétiques, pharmacodynamiques, physiopathologiques et premier modèle du traitement par la rifampicine". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10226.
Texto completo da fonteThere is a critical need for a shorter tuberculosis treatment to improve tuberculosis control. Mathematical models may be helpful to understand current problems associated with tuberculosis therapy and to suggest innovation resources. The objective of this study is to set up a full mathematical model of tuberculosis treatment by rifampin, based on pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and physiological submodels. Prior to its application in the pharmacodynamic modeling framework, the Hill equation has been the focus of a theoretical study. The various properties of this equation have been reviewed and the rationale of its use in pharmacological modelling has been clarified. Rifampin pharmacokinetics in plasma and lungs was modelled in a population of 34 volunteers by use of a nonparametric population approach. Then, a 10,000 subject Monte Carlo simulation was performed to explore Mycobacterium tuberculosis killing effect and prevention of resistance by rifampin. The results suggest that rifampin pulmonary concentrations obtained with the standard dose are too low to be highly effective and prevent drug resistance in most subjects. Finally, a full mathematical model of tuberculosis treatment, including a physiological model, has been implemented. The model is able to simulate the time-course of bacterial counts from the first day of infection to the last day of treatment. Overall results of this modelling effort indicate that current dosage regimens of rifampin may be optimized. In addition, this work suggests a new hypothesis regarding the bacterial persistence during tuberculosis treatment
Legeron, Rachel. "La spectrométrie de masse appliquée à la quantification absolue des anticorps monoclonaux thérapeutiques en milieu plasmatique pour la réalisation d'études pharmacocinétiques-pharmacodynamiques". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0420/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe quantification in plasma of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an essential prerequisite to any PK/PD preclinical and clinical study. To date, reference techniques used to quantify mAbs, rely on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) but the difficulties encountered in particular when the analysis focuses on the mAbs whose pharmacological target is circulating, suggest that mass spectrometry would be an interesting alternative. Applied to bevacizumab, the quantification developed strategy involves tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QqQ) used in MRM mode and focuses on the analysis of specific peptides bevacizumab obtained after tryptic proteolysis. Absolute quantification is achieved through calibration curve obtained from peak area ratios of bevacizumab surrogate peptide and internal standard. To propose a reference quantification methodology, we have identified the key points of development for transposition to other mAbs and compared the two most commonly used internal calibration approaches: one using protein analogue and the other a stable isotope labeled surrogate peptide (SIL-peptide). Through this development, the proposed strategy has a universal character with respect to IgG monoclonal antibodies subclasses which is based on sample processing purification using protein A followed by concentration by ultra filtration and whose quantification involves the internal calibration approach SIL-peptide. Validated according to FDA guidelines, our method shows the expected analytical performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity and repeatability for application in clinical studies
Barrail, Aurélie. "Influence de la fixation protéique des inhibiteurs de la protéase du VIH (amprénavir et atazanavir) sur la variabilité de leur pharmacocinétique et conséquences pharmacodynamiques". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA114807.
Texto completo da fonteProtease inhibitors are highly bound to plasma proteins (orosomucoid and albumin). Amprenavir and atazanavir, which are studied in clinical trials ANRS104 (Puzzle-1) and ANRS 107 (Puzzle-2) were chosen as models. First in vitro protein binding was characterized (number of sites, constant of the drug association). The influence of combined drug and the implications of polymorphism and concentrations of orosomucoid were analysed. Second we evaluate whether plasma protein binding influence the pharmacokinetics of atazanavir and amprenavir. The virological consequences were analysed
Costa, Pierre. "Effets d'un alpha-bloquant, le moxisylyte, sur les cellules musculaires lisses du corps caverneux humain : action sur les récepteurs membranaires post-synaptiques : études pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques". Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON1T006.
Texto completo da fonteAndriamanampisoa, Beby Sahondra Razafindrakoto. "Huiles essentielles d'eucalyptus de Madagascar : variabilité de la composition et du rendement en fonction de la période de récolte : essais de classement chemotaxonomique et propriétés pharmacodynamiques". Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20105.
Texto completo da fonteRazafindrakoto, Beby Sahondra. "Huiles essentielles d'eucalyptus de Madagascar variabilité de la composition et du rendement en fonction de la période de récolte : essais de classement chemotaxonomique et propriétés pharmacodynamiques /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611346z.
Texto completo da fonteCommeau, Philippe. "Etude des variations de la pharmacocinétique et des effets pharmacodynamiques cardiovasculaires de la Digoxine sous l'influence de la coadministration de la Nicardipine chez l'homme en insuffisance cardiaque". Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUE05NR.
Texto completo da fonteComets, Emmanuelle. "Modeles pharmacocinetiques et pharmacodynamiques pour la caracterisation des formes galeniques a liberation prolongee et pour l'etude de la variabilite de la reponse a un traitement anticoagulant oral". Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066116.
Texto completo da fonteKesteman, Anne-Sylvie. "Influence des facteurs associés à une antibiothérapie de type métaphylactique sur les relations pharmacodynamiques (PK/PD) des antibiotiques : conséquence sur les schémas posologiques et sur l'émergence de résistance". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/861/.
Texto completo da fonteMetaphylaxis is a preventive antibiotic treatment initiated on animals infected by a small bacterial load. Preventive and curative treatments were compared in term of resistance emergence at both the infection site and the gut flora. In a rat model of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) lung infection, early (preventive) treatments with a fluoroquinolone (marbofloxacin) on a small bacterial load prevented resistance emergence contrary to later (curative) treatments on a large inoculum. An original PK/PD index was built to predict resistance prevention related to various dosage regimens. Treatments of KP lung infections in dixenic rats demonstrated that the curative ones favoured the colonization of the gut by pulmonary KP resistant to marbofloxacin
Drici, Milou-Daniel. "Etude pharmacodynamique du dilevalol". Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE6010.
Texto completo da fonteVenisse, Nicolas. "Modélisation pharmacocinétique-pharmacodynamique des antifongiques". Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT1801.
Texto completo da fonteGrégoire, Nicolas. "Modélisation pharmacocinétique / pharmacodynamique des anti-infectieux". Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT1804.
Texto completo da fonteFaillie, Jean-Luc. "Pharmacoépidémiologie et pharmacologie sociale des médicaments du diabète de type 2 : des données pharmacodynamiques de base à l'utilisation des bases de données : études du risque de cancer de la vessie associé à la pioglitazone et du risque de pancréatite aigüe associé aux incrétinomimétiques". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2563/.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we examine two adverse reactions associated with drugs used in type 2 diabetes. First, we study the risk of bladder cancer with the use of pioglitazone. We show that characterization of its pharmacodynamic properties, interpretation of animal data and results from a clinical trial were mistaken and could have delayed the correct assessment of this risk. The numerous observational studies are also discussed. The review of data from all assessment methods published during the last 15 years demonstrates the existence of this risk. Second, we study the occurrence of acute pancreatitis associated with incretin-based drugs. After discussing pharmacodynamic issues, we present a study showing a signal of pancreatitis associated with incretin-based drugs in the French National Pharmacovigilance Database. Then, the risk of acute pancreatitis was assessed in a cohort study from the UK Clinical Practice Research Database. Adjusted for several important cofactors, the use of incretin-based drugs was not associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis compared to sulfonylureas use. However, these results do not exclude potential chronic pancreatic inflammation or acute pancreatic adverse effects in the long term with incretin-based drugs. These examples allow us to emphasize the importance of basic pharmacodynamic data. We show that risk assessment needs the concordance of studies from all sources of data available (pharmacodynamics data, clinical trials, adverse events database studies and observational studies). We discuss the influence of methodological limits and limits related to social factors on the quality of drug risk studies
Orhant, Edith. "Toxicité cardiaque de la bupivacaine, étude pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P003.
Texto completo da fonteLéger, Frédéric. "Analyse pharmacocinétique – pharmacodynamique et optimisation des traitements par topotécan". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30252.
Texto completo da fonteTopotecan (Hycamtin®) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor cytotoxic agent. A rather large pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and demonstrated relationships between hematological toxicity and PK parameters are arguments for an optimisation of the treatment. In our work are reported the results of a phase I clinical study which allowed to demonstrate the potential interest of a more protracted administration schedule for topotecan and the feasibility of exploring an increasing number of administrations based on a daily fixed AUC rather than on a mg/m² dosing. A population analysis (NONMEM) allowed to obtain the PK parameters of I. V. And oral topotecan, as well as the associated variabilities, to explore the influence of covariates, and to propose a limited sampling strategy. A semi-physiological PK-PD model was used to modelise and describe the time course of topotecan-associated neutropenia, allowing to quantify the pharmacodynamic (toxicity) variability and to study the impact of covariates
Canivet, Cindy. "Apport du suivi pharmacodynamique des immunosuppresseurs en transplantation d'organes". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/527/.
Texto completo da fonteTo date, solid-organ transplantation is used worldwide. The use of novel immunosuppressive drugs improved both patients' and graft's survivals. However, these drugs have a narrow therapeutic window. The therapeutic drug monitoring has been set up to reduce the acute rejection rate and to better avoid the side effects. It relies on both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs. Using a flow cytometry whole blood assay, we assessed T-cell function, i. E. Intra-lymphocyte cytokine expression (IL-2 and TNF-alpha), T-cell activation (CD25 and CD71 expressions), and T-cell proliferation in different clinical situations before and after kidney and liver transplantation. First, we showed that patients waiting for a liver transplantation with an hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis have a higher proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes than patients awaiting for a liver transplantation with an other liver disease. Furthermore, patients with a liver disease have an increase of cytokines secretion compare to healthy volunteers. These observations could explain the higher level of graft rejection after liver transplantation in HCV-positive patients. Then we compared the immune status of dialysis patients, kidney-transplant patients, and healthy volunteers. We found decreased T-cell functions in kidney-transplant patients compared to healthy volunteers and dialysis patients, increased IL-2 expression in dialysis patients compared to healthy volunteers and in all three populations we found a correlation of age and TNF-alpha expression in T-cells. Latter, we used pharmacodynamic monitoring approach to compare various immunosuppressive drugs. First, we compared the effect upon T-cells of leflunomide and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in kidney-transplant patients with polyoma BK virus-associated nephropathy. Leflunomide was found to be as immunosuppressant as MMF. .
Xavier, Haroudo Satiro. "Lavandula stoechas L. (Lamiaceae) : étude botanique, chimique et pharmacodynamique". Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON13520.
Texto completo da fontePhilippe, Michaël. "Modélisation Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacodynamique du Busulfan en Onco-Hématologie Pédiatrique". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1331/document.
Texto completo da fonteHematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative treatment in many pediatric diseases as leukemia, sarcoma, immunodeficiencies or thalassemia. Busulfan, a myeloablative alkylant, is the cornerstone of pre-transplant conditioning. It has a narrow therapeutic index and a large pharmacokinetic variability. For these reasons, therapeutic drug monitoring is required in order to optimize engraftment and avoid veno-occlusive disease, the main toxicity of busulfan which is responsible of significant morbidity and mortality. Today, the area under the curve, of which there is a target range recommended, is the pharmacokinetic parameter used to carry out therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustment during conditioning. Our objective is to investigate relationships between busulfan PK and clinical outcomes, especially veno-occlusive disease, and to develop methods of dose adjustment in order to optimize the use of this medication in children.Our work leaded to several methodological innovations, with the development and the validation of a non-parametric pharmacokinetic model for Bayesian dose adjustment of busulfan in pediatrics, and the development of a new method for the first dose determination maximizing the probability of achieving an exposure target range. From a clinical point a view, we highlighted the lack of clinical benefit in using an exposure target range narrower than those recommended. Furthermore, we identified that veno-occlusive incidence was correlated to the maximal concentration of busulfan, contrary to the area under the concentration-time curve.All of these results contribute to improving use and therapeutic monitoring of busulfan in pediatric onco-hematology
Hamitouche, Noureddine. "Modélisation pharmacocinétique - pharmacodynamique de la fludrocotisone par approche de population". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B026/document.
Texto completo da fonteIntroduction. Low doses of corticosteroids showed beneficial effects in septic shock patients. These favorable effects may be partly result from the stimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptors. This finding has led us to explore the pharmacokinetic and the effects on hemodynamic and biologic parameters of fludrocortisone which is a potent mineralocorticoid. Methods. In this work, a population approach modeling (nonlinear mixed effects modeling) was used to characterize the pharmacokinetic and the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of fludrocortisone in healthy volunteers and the pharmacokinetic in septic shock patients. Results. In healthy volunteers after single oral administration alone or in combination with hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone 50 µg showed a short and similar plasma elimination half-life that intravenous hydrocortisone. Fludrocortisone plasma concentrations and effect on urinary sodium/potassium ratio had a higher inter-individual variability as compared to hydrocortisone. Simulations suggested that the administration regimen of fludrocortisone should be reconsidered. In septic shock patient, a single oral dose of fludrocortisone at 50 µg yielded detectable plasma drug concentrations in two-thirds of adults with septic shock. Fludrocortisone pharmacokinetics showed a short plasma elimination half-life and a large inter-individual variability. These results suggested that an intravenous formulation of fludrocortisone would be useful to reduce its pharmacokinetic variability in septic patients. In healthy volunteers again, after 5 days of repeated oral administration, fludrocortisone improved pressor response to phenylephrine. This effect was observed only at the dose of 400 µg/day, suggesting that fludrocortisone at higher doses than previously administered (50 µg/day) may be useful to be effective. Furthermore, we showed that fludrocortisone had a short plasma half-live (1.94 h) which is consistent with our previously published study. After 5 day of repeated administration, fludrocortisone significantly increased blood pressure. This effect was more marked at the dose of 400 µg/day. Conclusion. Our results argue in favor of potential beneficial effects that fludrocortisone could have in septic shock patients. An evaluation of the effectiveness of fludrocortisone in these patients is now possible and necessary to confirm our results
Susplugas, Claudine. "Etude pharmacodynamique, biochimique, chimique et botanique de reseda phyteuma l". Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON13506.
Texto completo da fonteAutefage, André. "Les anti-inflammatoires chez le cheval : étude pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique". Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT006A.
Texto completo da fonteGirard, Pascal. "Faisabilité et applications de la modélisation pharmacocinétique-pharmacodynamique chez l'homme". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1T021.
Texto completo da fonteRiah, Omar. "Mécanisme d'action de la cotinine : intéractions nicotiniques : étude pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique : identification et purification de son récepteur". Toulouse, INPT, 1996. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424554.
Texto completo da fonteGeorges, Bernard. "Etude pharmacocinétique/pharmacodynamique des béta-lactamines chez le patient de réanimation". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30190.
Texto completo da fonteGarreau, Romain. "Modélisation pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique de la daptomycine dans les infections ostéoarticulaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10160.
Texto completo da fonteDaptomycin is an antibiotic used in osteoarticular infections. Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of using doses >6mg/kg in these infections. However, information on the safety and efficacy of these doses in osteoarticular infections has been limited. Several risks of adverse effects remain, notably through interaction with other drugs such as rifampicin, or due to prolonged treatment. This thesis demonstrates that it is important to use higher dosages of daptomycin to treat osteoarticular infections, and that the risk of interaction with rifampicin is low. These studies also confirm the influence of gender on daptomycin clearance, which is 26% lower in women. It is therefore important to take gender into account when prescribing to limit toxicity in women and the risk of under-dosing in men. In addition, a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic study showed that plasma and tissue concentrations were similar, confirming the diffusion hypotheses made in the pharmacodynamic simulations. Finally, a therapeutic range was established on a large cohort of patients who had experienced an adverse event. A therapeutic target with an area under the curve of between 666mg.h/L and 939 mg.h/L should be aimed at optimizing efficacy and minimizing the risk of adverse effects in patients treated with daptomycin
Oualha, Mehdi. "Modélisation pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique de l'adrénaline et de la noradrénaline chez l'enfant". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955862.
Texto completo da fonteSalem, Joe-Élie. "Pharmacologie de précision : approches pour l'évaluation pharmacodynamique et pharmacogénétique de médicaments cardiovasculaires". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066491/document.
Texto completo da fonteDrugs are chemical substances leading to pharmacodynamic responses through interactions with biological systems of variable complexity. For each individual, this response, whether desired or not, is variable and modulated by many parameters including the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug and pathophysiological, genetic and environmental factors. In this thesis, personalized medicine work were conducted to identify sources of variability in individual response to several cardiovascular drugs.In the first part, it is shown that parameters currently used in echocardiography (including E/e') to estimate non-invasively left ventricular filling pressures in patients with decompensated systolic heart failure, in order to guide depletion or filling therapeutics, are not reliable in case of concomitant use of inotropes.The second part details the pharmacodynamics modeling work that identified sources of variability altering the effect of amiodarone on heart rate control in the treatment of supra-ventricular arrhythmias in unstable patients admitted in Intensive Care. Co-administration of magnesium and fluid repletion improved the effectiveness of amiodarone to slow heart rate while the use of dobutamine had an opposite effect.The last part reported the results of a study where 1000 individuals were challenged by a same dose of sotalol in order to perform a genome-wide association study aiming at identifying genetic sources of variability of sotalol induced IKr block ventricular repolarization abnormalities in healthy subjects. Another study evaluating the impact of sex hormones on ventricular repolarization is also detailed
Chauzy, Alexia. "Evaluation pharmacocinétique/pharmacodynamique in vitro et in vivo de l'association aztréonam-avibactam". Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT1802.
Texto completo da fonteThe rapid increase in antibiotic resistance during the last decades and the few numbers of recently approved new antibiotics lead to a significant interest to drug combinations. Among these combinations, the β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination, such as aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI), is one strategy that aims to overcome the resistance due to β-lactamases production, one of the most relevant mechanisms of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. However, drug interactions can be complex. To better understand the PK/PD of ATM-AVI, two issues have been addressed in this thesis: i. ATM-AVI PK at the infection site. A microdialysis study performed in rats with or without peritonitis showed that ATM and AVI distribution in intraperitoneal fluid was rapid and that concentrations at the target site could be predicted from blood concentrations.ii. PD interaction between ATM and AVI. Checkerboard experiments analyzed with an Emax model have been used to characterize AVI effect on ATM MIC in terms of efficacy and potency in the presence of various multi-drug resistant strains. A PK/PD model was developed based on in vitro data to describe the time-course of ATM-AVI combined effect and to investigate the individual contribution of each of the AVI effects to the combined activity. According to the modeling results, the combined bactericidal activity was mainly explained by AVI enhancing effect, even though AVI demonstrated high efficiency to prevent ATM hydrolysis
Mismetti, Patrick. "Modélisation pharmacocinétique-pharmacodynamique par approche de population de deux antivitamines K, l'Acénocoumarol et la Warfarine : influence de l'éducation des malades et de l'observance au traitement sur la stabilité pharmacodynamique". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T018.
Texto completo da fonteVignol, Léonor. "Influence des variabilités pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique sur l'efficacité du sumatriptan en spray nasal". Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P043.
Texto completo da fonteRouland, Sarrazin Brigitte. "Intérêt d'un alpha-bloquant, le moxisylyte, en chirurgie urologique : étude pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON13524.
Texto completo da fonteSiméon, Ségolène. "Modélisation pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique de la toxicité développementale de l'embryon de poisson zèbre". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IAVF0020.
Texto completo da fonteIn risk assessment, understanding and predicting the effects of chemical compounds on the development of living beings are needed to understand and manage environmental and therapeutic toxicity. Due to its many experimental and regulatory advantages, and genetic homologies with humans, the zebrafish embryo is widely used for toxicity testing. As part of the European project Eu-ToxRisk,the objective of this work was to improve the extrapolation of the zebrafish embryo data to humans by developingtwo mathematical models able to explain and predict the occurrence of malformations during the zebrafish embryo first five days of development, following exposure valproic acid (VPA), a notorious teratogen, and nine of its analogues.First, a generic physiology-based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) able to predict the concentrations of neutral or ionizable compounds in ten embryonic organs of interest. Organ growth is considered and the culture medium to organ partition coefficients are predicted by a QSAR sub-model. Metabolic clearance and a partition coefficient correction factor weresimultaneously estimated by Bayesian calibration of the model with embryo and culture medium concentration data of VPA and its analogues over five days of repeated dosing. Second, a multi-state Markovian pharmacodynamic (PD) model to predict the occurrence of malformations as a function of time and VPA exposure concentration. Finally, to describe the behavior of VPA in the embryo and the impact of time and exposure on malformations, the two models were coupled to generate a PK-PD model. The average internal concentration of VPA, predicted by the PBPK model, controls random transitions between states. By Bayesian calibration with malformation data, the transition rates between states were estimated, allowing estimation oftransition probabilities and associated effective concentrations
Puisset, Florent. "Variabilité interindividuelle pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique en oncologie : application au Docetaxel et à la vinorelbine". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/79/.
Texto completo da fonteDoses of cytotoxics should be individualized based on individual clearance and on individual sensitivity. Aims of our study were 1) to predict the clearance of two CYP3A substrates (docetaxel and vinorelbine) based on a dexamethasone test, and 2) to identify pharmacodynamic factors in docetaxel sensitivity (hematotoxicity). By a population pharmacokinetic approach (NONMEM) we could show a correlation between dexamethasone clearance and docetaxel clearance and between dexamethasone clearance and vinorelbine clearance. By using a semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamic model describing well the docetaxel induced neutropeniae, we could assess the interindividual variability in sensitivity and study the pharmacodynamic factors that influence this variability